720 lines
68 KiB
XML
720 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" ID-GBIF-Dataset="175ade4f-e320-4f41-ab85-7811f4147be4" ID-PMC="PMC6323114" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-114-123" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" ID-PubMed="30627045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533527" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-114-123" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi" checkinTime="1553125316505" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Vega, Isidoro Sanchez, Romaschenko, Konstantin, Giraldo-Canas, Diego & Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio" docDate="2018" docId="A0C6837D3BC61127EF3657F7A738A9E2" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 114: 123-206" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 114" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" docTitle="Muhlenbergia peruviana Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1: 41. 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" lastPageNumber="166" masterDocId="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" masterDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1668139139961" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vega, Isidoro Sanchez</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Giraldo-Canas, Diego</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>114</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>123</mods:start>
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<mods:end>206</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-114-123</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">2533527</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A0C6837D3BC61127EF3657F7A738A9E2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A0C6837D3BC61127EF3657F7A738A9E2" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="165" start="start">15</pageBreakToken>
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.
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<taxonomicName LSID="8042B803-5A61-5593-838A-768C22E39264" authority="(P. Beauv.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1: 41. 1840." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">Muhlenbergia peruviana (P. Beauv.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1:41. 1840.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 11. A-D Muhlenbergia peruviana (P. Beauv.) Steud A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E, F Muhlenbergia phalaroides (Kunth) P. M. Peterson E panicle F spikelet. Drawings A-D from Peterson and Annable (1991) drawn from P. M. Peterson & C. R. Annable 4739 (WS) E, F from Giraldo-Canas and Peterson (2009) drawn from S. Laegaard 71419 (AAU)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254052" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">Fig. 11A-D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="P. Beauv" authorityYear="1812" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Clomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clomena peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">Clomena peruviana</taxonomicName>
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P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 28, t. 7, f. 10; t. 3, f. 20. 1812.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spreng" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="P. Beauv." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agrostis peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">Agrostis peruviana</taxonomicName>
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(P. Beauv.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1:262. 1825. Type: Peru,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">M. Thibaut s.n.</emphasis>
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(holotype: P!; isotype: E-00373717 [image!]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Clomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clomena peruviana var. pulvinata" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="peruviana" variety="pulvinata">Clomena peruviana var. pulvinata</taxonomicName>
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Nees,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityYear="1812" family="Gramineae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" rank="family">Gramineae</taxonomicName>
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12-13. 1841.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Nees" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana var. pulvinata" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="peruviana" variety="pulvinata">Muhlenbergia peruviana var. pulvinata</taxonomicName>
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(Nees) Nees & E. Mey. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3):357. 1898. Type: Peru, Lago Titicaca, Apr,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">J.F.J. Meyen s.n.</emphasis>
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(holotype: B; isotype: US-3376134 fragm. ex B!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Benth" authorityYear="1846" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia nana" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">Muhlenbergia nana</taxonomicName>
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Benth., Pl. Hartw. 262. 1846. Type: Ecuador, Mt. Cotopaxi, 1843,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">Hartweg 1458</emphasis>
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(holotype: K!; isotypes: BAA-1629!, K!, LE!, P!, US-91916 fragm. ex P!, US-995896 fragm. ex P-STEUD & fragm. ex BR!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Steud" authorityYear="1854" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia pusilla" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">Muhlenbergia pusilla</taxonomicName>
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Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1:177. 1854. Type: Mexico,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
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, Valley of Toluca, Oct. 1827, J.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">L. Berlandier 1141</emphasis>
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(holotype: P!; isotypes: BAA-1635!, K!, MO-2974185!, P!, US-1084517!, US-2561239!, US-91910 fragm. ex P!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Epicampes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Epicampes bourgeaei" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bourgeaei">Epicampes bourgeaei</taxonomicName>
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E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 88. 1886. Type: Mexico, Veracruz, Escamala, Refrou
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Orizaba">D'Orizaba</normalizedToken>
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, 26 Aug 1866,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">E. Bourgeau 2973</emphasis>
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(holotype: P!; isotype: US-A0865984 fragm ex P!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia bourgeaei" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bourgeaei">Muhlenbergia bourgeaei</taxonomicName>
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E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2:86. 1886.
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Epicampes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Epicampes bourgeaei" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bourgeaei">Epicampes bourgeaei</taxonomicName>
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(E. Fourn.) M.E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 14:7. 1912,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">nom. illeg. hom.</emphasis>
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Type: Mexico, Valle de Mexico, Desierto Viejo, 3 Nov 1865,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">M. Bourgeau 1309</emphasis>
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(lectotype: P! designated by Peterson and Annable, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:73. 1991; isotype: US-87243 fragm. ex P!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia pulcherrima" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">Muhlenbergia pulcherrima</taxonomicName>
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Scribn. ex Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2:240. 1896. Type: Mexico, Chihuahua: Sierra Madres, dry ledges of porphyry, 30 Sep 1887,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">C.G. Pringle 1416</emphasis>
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(holotype: MSC!; isotypes MO-3727978!, NY!, US-995494!, VT!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana var. elatior" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="peruviana" variety="elatior">Muhlenbergia peruviana var. elatior</taxonomicName>
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Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 357. 1898. Type: Bolivia, Tunarigebirge, 3000 m, May 1892,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">Kuntze s.n.</emphasis>
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(lectotype: NY! designated by Peterson and Annable, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:73. 1991: isotype: fragm. & photo US!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana var. subcaespitosa" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="peruviana" variety="subcaespitosa">Muhlenbergia peruviana var. subcaespitosa</taxonomicName>
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Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3):357. 1898. Type: Bolivia, Tunari Mts., 4600 m, 4 May 1892,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">Kuntze s.n.</emphasis>
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(lectotype: NY! designated by Peterson and Annable, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:73. 1991).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" form="versicolor" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="fo." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="peruviana">Muhlenbergia peruviana fo. versicolor</taxonomicName>
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Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3):357. 1898. Type: Bolivia, Tunarigebirge, 3000 m, May 1892,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">Kuntze s.n.</emphasis>
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(lectotype: NY! designated by Peterson and Annable, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:73. 1991; isotype: US fragm. ex NY!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" form="viridis" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="fo." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="peruviana">Muhlenbergia peruviana fo. viridis</taxonomicName>
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Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3):357. 1898. Type: Bolivia, Puna, 4000 m, 11 Mar 1892,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">Kuntze s.n.</emphasis>
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(lectotype: NY! designated by Peterson and Annable, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:73. 1991).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Henrard" authorityYear="1921" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia herzogiana" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="herzogiana">Muhlenbergia herzogiana</taxonomicName>
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Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 40:58. 1921. Type: Bolivia, Cordillera de Santa Bonita, Jun 1911,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">T. Herzog 2226</emphasis>
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(holotype: L!; isotypes: US-87248 fragm. ex L!, US-1161342!, W-1926-23724!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="42" pageNumber="165" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="165">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">
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Tufted
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">annuals</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">Culms</emphasis>
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3-27 cm tall, erect, glabrous.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
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usually longer than the internodes, smooth or scabridulous;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">ligules</emphasis>
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1.5-3 mm long, membranous, acute;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">blades</emphasis>
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1-5 cm long, 0.6-1.5 mm wide, flat to involute, smooth or scabridulous abaxially, sometimes shortly pubescent adaxially.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">Panicles</emphasis>
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2-8 cm long, 0.3-3.4 cm wide, contracted or open;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">primary</emphasis>
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branches 1-5 cm long, diverging up to 80° from the rachises;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">pedicels</emphasis>
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0.4-5 mm long, smooth or scabrous.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">Spikelets</emphasis>
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1.4 4.2 mm long, 1-flowered;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">glumes</emphasis>
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smooth or scabridulous;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">lower glumes</emphasis>
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0.8-2.8 mm long, narrow to broadly lanceolate, 1-veined, acute, often awn-tipped;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">upper glumes</emphasis>
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0.9-3 mm long, wider than the lower glumes, lanceolate, 3 (2)-veined, truncate to acute, 2- or 3-toothed;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">lemmas</emphasis>
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1.4-4.2 mm long, ovate, widest near the base, purplish mottled with dark green areas, hairy on the calluses and lower 2/3 of the lemma bodies, hairs to 0.5 mm long, apices acuminate, usually bifid and awned from between the teeth, teeth to 0.5 mm long, awns 3-10 mm long, flexuous, purplish;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="165">paleas</emphasis>
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1.3-3.8 mm,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="166" start="start">narrowly</pageBreakToken>
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lanceolate, acuminate to subacute;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">anthers</emphasis>
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0.5-1 mm long, purplish to yellowish.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Caryopses</emphasis>
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1-1.6 mm long, fusiform, brownish. 2
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">n</emphasis>
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= 30.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533663" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254052" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" start="Figure 11" startId="F12">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="166">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">A-D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Muhlenbergia peruviana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(P. Beauv.) Steud
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">A</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">B</emphasis>
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ligule
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">C</emphasis>
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glumes
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">D</emphasis>
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floret
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Muhlenbergia phalaroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kunth) P.M. Peterson
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">E</emphasis>
|
||
panicle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">F</emphasis>
|
||
spikelet. Drawings
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B25" refString="Peterson, PM, Annable, CR, 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 31: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" title="Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" volume="31" year="1991">Peterson and Annable (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
drawn from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4739</emphasis>
|
||
(WS)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Giraldo-Canas, D" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="269 - 302" refId="B7" refString="Giraldo-Canas, D, Peterson, P, 2009. El genero Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae) en Colombia. Caldasia 31: 269 - 302" title="El genero Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae) en Colombia." volume="31" year="2009">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giraldo-Cañas">Giraldo-Canas</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Peterson (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
drawn from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">
|
||
S.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
|
||
71419
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="166" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Muhlenbergia peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in Arizona and New Mexico, U.S.A, throughout Mexico to Guatemala and then in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B25" refString="Peterson, PM, Annable, CR, 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 31: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" title="Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" volume="31" year="1991">Peterson and Annable 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="166" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="166">
|
||
Grassy flats, open gravelly flats, rock outcrops, sandy washes, gravelly drainages, wet or dry meadows, canyons, gravelly or sandy slopes, valleys, shores along lakes, open ridgetops and disturbed road cuts associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benth" authorityYear="1881" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aciachne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aciachne pulvinata" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="pulvinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Aciachne pulvinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Benth.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Anatherostipa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anatherostipa" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Anatherostipa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Berberis" order="Ranunculales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Berberis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamagrostis" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Calamagrostis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. F. Gmel" authorityYear="1791" class="Rosopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Colletia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Colletia spinosissima" order="Rosales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Colletia spinosissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Ginkgoopsida" family="Ephedraceae" genus="Ephedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ephedra" order="Ephedrales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Ginkgophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Ephedra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilg" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca orthophylla" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="orthophylla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Festuca orthophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pilg.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Festuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Jarava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Jarava" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Jarava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Juncus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juncus" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Juncus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lepidophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidophyllum" order="Asterales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Lepidophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Luzula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Luzula" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Luzula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Margyricarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Margyricarpus" order="Rosales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Margyricarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" authorityYear="1798" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygalaceae" genus="Monnina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Monnina" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Monnina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Muhlenbergia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Nassella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nassella" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Nassella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago" order="Plantaginales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Plantago</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Poa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis" order="Rosales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Polylepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Puya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Pycnophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pycnophyllum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Pycnophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz & Pav" authorityYear="1798" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia oppositiflora" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="oppositiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Salvia oppositiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ruiz & Pav.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavanilles" authorityYear="1797" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Stevia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stevia" order="Asterales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Stevia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tagetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tagetes" order="Campanulales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Tagetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3000-4900 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="166" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="166">
|
||
As treated here,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Muhlenbergia peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes (as synonyms) what was sometimes identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. pulcherrima" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">M. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Scribn. ex Beal (south-western U.S.A. and northern Mexico) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. pusilla" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">M. pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Steud. (central Mexico to Guatemala). There are many more morphological forms than just these and since the only chromosome count of this species suggests triploidy (2
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
=30), perhaps this species is apomictic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2483808" author="Reeder, JR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="69 - 86" refId="B48" refString="Reeder, JR, 1968. Notes on Mexican grasses VIII. Miscellaneous chromosome numbers-2. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 95 (1): 69 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2483808" title="Notes on Mexican grasses VIII. Miscellaneous chromosome numbers- 2." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2483808" volume="95" year="1968">Reeder 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We believe apomixis is occurring in this species but it it not obligate and that gene flow takes place sporadically to form intermediates maintained by asexual seed formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B25" refString="Peterson, PM, Annable, CR, 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 31: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" title="Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" volume="31" year="1991">Peterson and Annable 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="166">
|
||
In a molecular DNA sequence analysis,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Muhlenbergia peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. crispiseta" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="crispiseta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">M. crispiseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hitchc., another annual known only from Texas and north-central Mexico and this pair is embedded in the strongly supported
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Clomena" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Clomena</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps 16 - trnK, rps 16 intron, rps 3, and rpl 32 - trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95 - 1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2 %." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254042" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Members of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Clomena" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Clomena</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess spikelets with upper glumes that are 3-veined and often 3-toothed and individuals with a densely caespitose habit (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Muhlenbergia peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. crispiseta" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="crispiseta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">M. crispiseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having irregularly flexuous, purplish awns (versus sinuous-wavy, crisped and curled, olive-green awns in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. crispiseta" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="crispiseta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">M. crispiseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and narrow, gradually acuminate lemmas (versus lemmas that are plump near middle) [
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B25" refString="Peterson, PM, Annable, CR, 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 31: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" title="Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" volume="31" year="1991">Peterson and Annable 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. In our current DNA-derived phylogeny,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. crispiseta" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="crispiseta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">M. crispiseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls within the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">M. peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps 16 - trnK, rps 16 intron, rps 3, and rpl 32 - trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95 - 1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2 %." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254042" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">rps3</emphasis>
|
||
, the single marker we have for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. crispiseta" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="crispiseta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">M. crispiseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is not variable enough to distinguish these two species that are easily separated morphologically. In the future, we hope to clarify this with a full set of markers for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. crispiseta" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="crispiseta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">M. crispiseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="43" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">
|
||
Peru.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Amazonas</emphasis>
|
||
: Prov. Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 3100 m, 19 Jun 1964, D.C. Hutchison & J.K. Wright 5756 (LIL, MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="166">Ancash</emphasis>
|
||
: Cordillera Blanca, 4 km north of Recuay, 3400 m, 6 Apr 1988, S.A. Renvoize & S.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
|
||
5101 (CPUN, K); Cordillera Negra, 3 km N of Punta
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Callán">Callan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, W of Huaraz, 4400 m, 7 Apr 1988, S.A. Renvoize & S.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
|
||
5171 (CPUN, K); Cordillera Negra, 30 km from Huaraz towards Casma, Punta
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Callán">Callan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4200 m, 7 April 1988, S.A. Renvoize & S.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
|
||
5166 (CPUN, K); Pariarracra, Pampa de Lampas, 4160 m, 2 May 1952, E. Cerrate 1465 (MOL); Prov. Bolognesi, Capillapunta, 3350 m, 14 Apr 1949, R. Ferreyra 5716 (MOL, USM); Prov. Bolognesi, cerros al E de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiquián">Chiquian</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3500 m, 10 May 1950, R. Ferreyra 7345 (US, USM); Prov. Bolognesi, Matarragra, cerro al NO de
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="167" start="start">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiquián">Chiquian</normalizedToken>
|
||
</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, 3560 m, 8 Apr 1949, R. Ferreyra 5633 (US, USM); Prov. Bolognesi, Shincush, arriba de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiquián">Chiquian</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4000 m, 19 Apr 1949, R. Ferreyra 5624 (US, USM); Carhuaz, Cordillera Negra, E slope, ca. 22 km SW of Shupluy,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="19.7" value="-9.288806">09°17'19.7"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="39.3" value="-77.74425">77°44'39.3"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3770 m, 13 Mar 2008, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, M.I. La Torre & J.V. Rojas Fox 21655 (US, USM); Recuay, Cordillera Blanca, 37 km E of Raquia on Route 02-014 on road towards Huarez, 3900 m, 20 Mar 1997, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 13818 (MO, US, USM); Recuay, Cordillera Negra W slope N of Quebrada Parin, 23 km NE of Cotaparaco on road to pass above Lago Ututo and Utcuyacu,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.7" value="-9.91964">09°55'10.7"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="02.2" value="-77.53394">77°32'02.2"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4216 m, 10 Mar 2008, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, M.I La Torre & J.V. Rojas Fox 21564 (US, USM); Recuay, Cordillera Negra, en cima de Caraz, 4300 m, A. Weberbauer 3098 (MOL); Huaraz,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huascarán">Huascaran</normalizedToken>
|
||
National Park, quebrada Llaca, north side of valley,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-9.45">9°27'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.45">77°27'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4350 m, 25 May 1986, D.N. Smith 12428 (CPUN, MO); Recuay, quebrada Huanca,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-9.916667">9°55'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.38333">77°23'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3950 m, 2 Jul 1985, D.N. Smith & M. Buddensiek 10959 (CPUN, LPB, MO); Recuay,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huascarán">Huascaran</normalizedToken>
|
||
National Park, mouth of quebrada Quenua Ragra,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.033334">10°2'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.25">77°15'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4200 m, 10 May 1985, D.N. Smith, R. Valencia & A. Gonzales 10624 (CPUN, MO); Huari,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huascarán">Huascaran</normalizedToken>
|
||
National Park, south side of quebrada Carhuazcancha,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-9.466666">9°28'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.25">77°15'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3790 m, 6 May 1986, D.N. Smith, R. Valencia, A. Gonzales & M. Buddensiek 12294 (CPUN, MO); Recuay, 2 km SW of Conococha on Ruta 02-014,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="18.2" value="-10.138389">10°8'18.2"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="5.4" value="-77.301506">77°18'5.4"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4107 m, 21 Mar 2004, P.M. Peterson, N. Refulio Rodriguez, A. Cano, M.I. La Torre & I. Salinas 17903 (US, USM); Recuay, 3 km E of Conococha,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="55.5" value="-10.1154175">10°6'55.5"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.2" value="-77.27228">77°16'20.2"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4050 m, 24 Mar 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 17939 (MO, US, USM); Recuay.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huascarán">Huascaran</normalizedToken>
|
||
National Park, Sector Querococha, above guardstation,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-9.733334">9°44'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.333336">77°20'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3875 m, 5 Jul 1985, D.N. Smith & M. Buddensiek 11045 (CPUN, LPB, MO); Yungay,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huascarán">Huascaran</normalizedToken>
|
||
National Park, Llanganuco sector, Maria Josefa trail between Chinancocha and Pucuyacu,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="5" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-9.083333">9°5'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.65">77°39'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3700-3850 m, 7 May 1985, D.N. Smith 10548 (CPUN, MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="167">Apurimac</emphasis>
|
||
: Aymaraes, 24 km NE of Chalhuanca on road towards Yanaca,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="26.4" value="-14.257334">14°15'26.4"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="18.8" value="-73.205215">73°12'18.8"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4260 m, 13 Mar 2002, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 16506 (US, USM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="167">Arequipa</emphasis>
|
||
: Arequipa,10 km W of Patahuasi on road towards Arequipa,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="37.3" value="-16.077028">16°4'37.3"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="49.8" value="-71.49716">71°29'49.8"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4100 m, 11 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 18243 (MO, US, USM); Arequipa,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jesus-Chiqüata">Jesus-Chiqueata</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2900 m, Jun 1977, C. Vargas C. s.n. (LIL); Arequipa, cerca a Chiquata, 3100 m, 31 Mar 1949, C. Vargas C. 8092 (CUZ, US); Caylloma, 10 km SE of Callalli on road towards Condoroma,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-15.490556">15°29'26"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="5.9" value="-71.38497">71°23'5.9"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4340 m, 12 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 18270 (MO, US, USM); Prov. Caylloma, Pampa
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañahuas">Canahuas</normalizedToken>
|
||
. "Llapa pasto", 4200 m, 30 May 2001, M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Diaz 1126 (USM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="167">Ayacucho</emphasis>
|
||
: Marcahrasi, arriba de Puquio, 3400 m, 24 Apr 1950, R. Ferreyra 7215 (MOL, US, 8USM); Huamanga, S of Ayacucho ca. 23 km on Hwy 3 toward Abancay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="21.5" value="-13.272638">13°16'21.5"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="46.8" value="-74.22967">74°13'46.8"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3575 m, 15 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, K. Romashchenko & D. Susanibar Cruz 20497 (US, USM); Huamanga, S of Ayacucho ca. 27 km on Hwy 3 toward Abancay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="9.8" value="-13.286056">13°17'9.8"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="41.9" value="-74.22831">74°13'41.9"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3684 m, 16 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, K. Romashchenko & D. Susanibar Cruz 20508 (US, USM); Huanca Sancos, 16 km NW
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="45" pageNumber="168" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Putajasa on road towards Huanca Sancos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="1" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="42.5" value="-14.028472">14°1'42.5"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="16.6" value="-74.27128">74°16'16.6"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3900 m, 25 Feb 2002, P.M. Peterson, A. Cano, M.I. La Torre, A. Ramirez & D. Susanibar Cruz 16254 (US, USM); Lucanas, 13 km E of Puquio at km 172 mark,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="18.5" value="-14.688473">14°41'18.5"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="26.8" value="-74.07411">74°4'26.8"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3730 m, 8 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 18213 (MO, US, USM); Lucanas, 25 km NE of Villatambo on road towards Lucanas at Reserva "Pampa Galeras",
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="46.2" value="-14.679501">14°40'46.2"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.2" value="-74.39977">74°23'59.2"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3805 m, 8 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 18181 (MO, US, USM); Pampalca, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 3200 m, 4 May 1929, E.P. Killip & A.C. Smith 22216 (US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="168">Cajamarca</emphasis>
|
||
: Cajamarca, S of Cajamarca ca. 9 air km,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="8.1" value="-7.2355833">7°14'8.1"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="17.9" value="-78.32164">78°19'17.9"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3270 m, 27 Mar 2008, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vega & J. Montoya Quino 21885 (US, USM); Cajamarca, Cerro Piedras Gachas, entre Yanacocha y
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Llaucán">Llaucan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3900 m, 23 Apr 1994, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vega 6997 & M. Cabanillas S. (CPUN); Cajamarca, entre Cajamarca y Cumbe Mayo, Fundo de la Universidad, 3450 m, 22 May 1971, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vega 685 & M. Vilhena (CPUN); Cajamarca, entre Cajamarca y Cumbe Mayo, km 14, en el Arboretum Cumbe Mayo CICAFOR, 3400 m, 18 Apr 1981, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vega 2466, V. Torrel & E. Medina (CPUN); Cajamarca, Dist. Cajamarca. Sais Atahualpa de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Porcón">Porcon</normalizedToken>
|
||
en el Arboretum de CICAFOR, 3400 m, 16 May 1981, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vega 2524, V. Torrel & E. Medina (CPUN); Cajamarca, Dist. Cajamarca, Cerro
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gavilán">Gavilan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3100 m, 26 Jun 1966, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vega 238 (CPUN); Cajamarca, Dist. Cajamarca, Hacienda
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Porcón">Porcon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, a 35 km de Cajamarca, 3400 m, 31 May 1969, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vega 401 (CPUN); Cajamarca, Dist. Cajamarca, Cerro Minas, Granja
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Porcón">Porcon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 35 km al N de Cajamarca, 3900 m, 22 Jun 1994, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vega 7293 & G. Bazan H. (CPUN); Cajamarca. Dist. Cajamarca, Tamiacocha, Cerro Negro,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gavilán">Gavilan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, distancia 5 km en
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="línea">linea</normalizedToken>
|
||
recta, queda a la vertiente occidental,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.25">7°15'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.46667">78°28'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3558 m, 26 May 2001, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vega 10618 (CPUN); Cajamarca, ladera que coverge a la Colpa, 2900 m, 22 Apr 1975, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vega 1419, P. Brandelard, J. Sanabria & W. Ruiz Vigo (CPUN); Cajamarca, Corisorgona, al Norte de la ciudad de Cajamarca, carretera a Chamis, 3050 m, 25 Apr 1991, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vega 5585 & A. Briones (CPUN); San Miguel, 61 km N of Cajamarca on hwy 3N towards Bambamarca, 3640 m, 16 Mar 2000, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 14913 (CPUN, MO, US, USM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="168">Cusco</emphasis>
|
||
: Prov. Calea, Uchumuca-Pisae, Apr 1994, F. Marin 386 (LIL); Calca, 20 km N of Calca on road towards Lares,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="52.9" value="-13.23136">13°13'52.9"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="26.5" value="-71.907364">71°54'26.5"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4060 m, 16 Mar 2002, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 16546 (US, USM); Prov. Canchis, temple of Viracocha near Tinta, 3500 m, 15 Apr 1913, O.F. Cook & G.B. Gilbert 211 (US); Prov. Cusco, Ruinas
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sacsahramán">Sacsahraman</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3500 m, 6 May 1983, S.G. Beck 8366 (LPB, MO); Prov. Cusco, Tambomachay, 3700 m, Apr 1949, F. Marin 1420 (US, LIL); Prov. Cusco,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cusco–Huancar">Cusco-Huancar</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3500 m, 18 Jun 1982, Gutte and Miller 9424 (USM); Prov. Espinar, alrrededores de Youri, 3900 m, 26 Mar 1956, C. Vargas C. 11210, 11211 (CUZ, US); Prov. Espinar, Hacienda
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C’uyo">C'uyo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4200 m, 24 Mar 1956, C. Vargas C. 11180 (CUZ, US); Prov. Espinar, Hacienda
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C’achachi">C'achachi</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4200 m, 20 Mar 1956, C. Vargas C. 11151, 11163 (CUZ, US); Prov. Paucartambo, 1936, J. Soukup s.n. (US); Prov. Paucartambo, Acjanacu, 3600 m, 6 Jul 1948, C. Vargas C. 7299 (CUZ, US); Prov. Paucartambo, Yanamayo, 9 Jul 1946, C. Vargas C. 609 (CUZ, US); Quispi
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="46" pageNumber="169" start="start">canchi</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, 23 km up new hwy 28 from Urcos to Ccatcca (Catsa), ESE of Cusco ca. 45 air km,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-13.660833">13°39'39"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="29.7" value="-71.59158">71°35'29.7"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4080 m, 19 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng & K. Romashchenko 20563 (MO, US, USM); Prov. Urubamba, quebrada Pumahuanca, 3200 m, 31 Dec 1962, H.H. Iltis & C.M. Iltis 1014 (LIL).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="169">Huancavelica</emphasis>
|
||
: Castrovirreyna, 4 km S of Choclococha and 8 km N of Santa Ines,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-13.178889">13°10'44"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="15.3" value="-75.087585">75°5'15.3"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4615 m, 5 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 18147 (MO, US, USM); Huancavelica, Huancavelica, 4000 m, 8 Apr 1961, O. Tovar 3171 (MO, USM); Huancavelica, 56 km S of Izacuchaca on road towards Huancavelica, 4020 m, 10 Apr 1997, P.M. Peterson & O. Tovar 14160 (MO, US, USM); Huancavelica, 12 km S of Huancavelica on road towards Santa Barbara, 4120 m, 11 Apr 1997, P.M. Peterson & O. Tovar 14189 (MO, US, USM); Huancavelica, Sachahuajta, a 6 km de Conaica, 3600 m, 3 Apr 1952, O. Tovar 944 (US, USM); Huancavelica, Huando, 3600 m, 6 Apr 1953, O. Tovar 1277 (US, USM); Huancavelica, Canyon of Rio Ichu, SW of Huancavelica ca. 5 km on hwy 3 to Santa Ines and Ayacucho,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="48.2" value="-12.813389">12°48'48.2"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="24.5" value="-75.05681">75°3'24.5"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4894 m, 14 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, K. Romashchenko & D. Susanibar Cruz 20464 (MO, US, USM); Huaytara, along Rio Pampas, along hwy 3 (old 24), 12 km NW of jct with new hwy 24 and 18 km SE of Santa Ines, SE of Pilpichaca,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="24.2" value="-13.323389">13°19'24.2"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="56.6" value="-75.015724">75°0'56.6"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4164 m, 13 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, K. Romashchenko & D. Susanibar Cruz 20438 (US, USM); Huaytara, 7 km W of Pilpichaca on road towards Huancavelica.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="46.5" value="-13.312917">13°18'46.5"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="2" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="7" value="-75.03528">75°2'7"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4250 m, 5 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 18157 (MO, US, USM); Tayacaja, just above Chuquitambo, 4 km SW of Pazos, 3975 m, 9 Apr 1997, P.M. Peterson & O. Tovar 14150 (MO, US, USM); Tayacaja, arriba de Hacienda Tocos, entre Colcabamba y Paucarbamba, 3700 m, 20 Apr 1954, O. Tovar 1961, 2013 (US, USM); Tayacaja, Hacienda Huari, 3700 m, 10 Aug 1949, O. Velarde
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
2038 (US, USM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="169">Huanuco</emphasis>
|
||
: 18 mi SE of Huanuco, 31 May 1922, J.F. Macbride & W. Featherstone 2114 (F, US);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Prov. Cerro, Goyllarisquisca, 4100 m, 22 Jun 1940, E. Asplund (US); Prov. Huancayo, Acopalca, 3800 m, 20 Jul 1943, J. Infantes Vera 412 (LIL); Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Concepción">Concepcion</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Cani, 7 mi NE of Mito, 2800 m, 16 Apr 1923, J.F. Macbride 3401 (F, US); Prov. Huancayo, Laive, 3600 m, 15 Mar 1947, J. Infantes Vera 920 (LIL); Prov. Jaupa, 6 km a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Concepción">Concepcion</normalizedToken>
|
||
, quebrada de Iscos, 3300 m, Mar 1947, C. Ochoa 81 (LIL, MOL, USM); Prov. Yauli, La Oroya, 3950 m, 27 May 1922, J.F. Macbride & W. Featherstone 984 (F, US); Prov. Yauli, Yauli, 4450 m, 25 May 1922, J.F. Macbride & W. Featherstone 916 (F, US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="169">La Libertad</emphasis>
|
||
: Prov. Otuzco, Purrupumpa, 3585 m, 15 May 1991, S. Leiva, P. Leiva & E. Zavaleta 273 (HAO); Prov. Stgo. Chuco, Cerro La Botica, arriba de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cachicadán">Cachicadan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3050 m, 10 Jun 2001, A. Sagastegui, S. Leiva & M. Zapata 16685 (HAO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="169">Lambayeque</emphasis>
|
||
: Ferrenafe, 3300 m, 29 Jun 1996, S. Llatas Quiroz 4121 (MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="169">Lima</emphasis>
|
||
: arriba de Sucro, 3000 m, 1 May 1948, R. Ferreyra 3445 (MOL, US, USM); Prov. Huarochiri, Matucana, 13 Apr 1922, J.F. Macbride & W. Featherstone 450 (F, US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="169">Moquegua</emphasis>
|
||
: Carumas, 3200 m, 21 Feb 1925, A. Weberbauer 7295 (US); 1 km S of Puentes Vizcachas, 32 km NE of Humajalso and 18 km S of Titiri,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.8" value="-16.620777">16°37'14.8"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.2" value="-70.41395">70°24'50.2"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4310 m, 18 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 18317 (MO, US, USM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="169">Pasco</emphasis>
|
||
: Pasco, 4 km NE of Huayllay on road to
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="47" pageNumber="170" start="start">wards</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Canchacucho at "Bosque de Piedras",
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="20.8" value="-10.972444">10°58'20.8"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-76.32166">76°19'18"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4160 m, 31 Mar 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 18068 (MO, US, USM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="170">Piura</emphasis>
|
||
: Huancabamba, abajo del Tabo, 3 Jul 1961, C. Acleto 313 (USM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="170">Puno</emphasis>
|
||
: Araranca, 4100 m, 21 Apr 1925, F.W. Pennell 13466 (US); W of Llave, 3900 m, 21 Jul 1946, O.P. Pearson & A. Pearson 8 (US); Prov. Carabaya, Ockopuno, 4800 m, Apr 1949, C. Vargas C. 8142 (CUZ, MO, US); Cerro Orco Pata, 4000 m, 17 Jan 1964, R.A. Arevalo 27 (LIL); Prov. Carabaya, Fauchinta Allinccapac, 4600 m, 1 Apr 1948, C. Vargas C. 7157 (CUZ, US); Provincia Lampa, distrito
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pucará">Pucara</normalizedToken>
|
||
, inmediaciones del pueblo de Chijnaya, en sustratos arenoso-rocosos en los bordes de la carretera, 4000 m, 14 Jul 2013, D.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giraldo-Cañas">Giraldo-Canas</normalizedToken>
|
||
5532 (COL);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pucará">Pucara</normalizedToken>
|
||
, lugar Chijnaya, 3990 m, Mar 1964, A. Vera 108 (COL); Hacienda Iriapata,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="estación">estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pucará">Pucara</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3990 m, Oct 1963, A. Vera s.n. (COL); Chuquibambilla, 3900 m, 19 Apr 1925, F.W. Pennell 13375-1 (US); Chucuito, 2 km S of Huacullani, 4000 m, 6 Mar 1999, P.M. Peterson, N. Refulio Rodriguez & F. Salvador Perez 14660 (MO, US, USM); Chucuito, 5 km S of Huacullani on road towards Kelluyo, 4250 m, 6 Mar 1999, P.M. Peterson, N. Refulio Rodriguez & F. Salvador Perez 14679 (MO, US, USM); Chucuito, 27 km NW of San Jose Ancomarca, 4280 m, 8 Mar 1999, P.M. Peterson, N. Refulio Rodriguez & F. Salvador Perez 14702 (MO, US, USM); El Collao, 34 km E of El Cruce and 24 km W of Mazo Cruz, 4180 m, 2 Mar 1999, P.M. Peterson, N. Refulio Rodriguez & F. Salvador Perez 14595 (MO, US, USM); Lampa, NW end of Laguna Lagunillas, 20 air km W of Santa Lucia, 74 air km WSW of Juliaca,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="1.7" value="-15.683805">15°41'1.7"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="5.4" value="-70.801506">70°48'5.4"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4185 m, 31 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, K. Romashchenko & M.S. Gonzalez Elizondo 20738 (US, USM); Prov. Lampa,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pucará">Pucara</normalizedToken>
|
||
, A. Weberbauer 415 (US); Melgar, ca. 7 km WNW of Santa Rosa on hwy 3 and 1 km W towards Quishuara, along Rio Santa Rosa,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="54.9" value="-14.598583">14°35'54.9"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="34.7" value="-70.859634">70°51'34.7"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4002 m, 23 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng & K. Romashchenko 20604 (MO, US, USM); Puno, 2 km N of Laraquerion on road towards Puno,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="59.1" value="-16.116417">16°6'59.1"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="1" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.1" value="-70.03309">70°1'59.1"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3940 m, 18 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 18329 (MO, US, USM); San Roman, 4 km E of Santa Lucia, along Rio Cabanillas,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="4.2" value="-15.6845">15°41'4.2"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="8.8" value="-70.56911">70°34'8.8"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4030 m, 19 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 18334 (MO, US, USM); San Roman, 21 km W of Santa Lucia and 5 km E of Puente
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañuma">Canuma</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Laguna Lagunillas),
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="4.1" value="-15.667806">15°40'4.1"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="4.4" value="-70.78455">70°47'4.4"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4260 m, 20 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 18341 (MO, US, USM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |