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<document id="6766420EACB2ACCA64B93DF0198863CD" ID-CLB-Dataset="22923" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4763.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7d4894a3-fd17-4aad-835d-8983a1233333" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3758301" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3515C2C5-F905-4280-9D2B-AC9326E6525F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1587398711886" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Khazaei, Zohreh, Polhemus, Dan A. &amp; Tahami, Mohadeseh S." docDate="2020" docId="03F2C940FF8BFF82FF4E0A53FDA12E09" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4763.2.7.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4763 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leptopus gakalae Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="251" masterDocId="FFCBB138FF89FF87FFD90B1DFFB42F6E" masterDocTitle="A new species of Leptopus (Heteroptera: Leptopodidae) from caves in Iran, with notes on other cavernicolous Iranian Heteroptera" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="246" pageNumber="248" updateTime="1720366977693" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="90DDEA79CA253FB1CFBA1699D4289EF5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="947ED7BC0260D446F3A6C60EC9ECF92F">
<mods:title id="1D23656F47FD31642212EDF544C8D392">A new species of Leptopus (Heteroptera: Leptopodidae) from caves in Iran, with notes on other cavernicolous Iranian Heteroptera</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AD0E9D6DCE3A50A455417D7936C11D5F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FCE00730EDC55E60183EFAAFFECD11F0">
<mods:roleTerm id="3D0AD60BFDBA0063364090CFA8A0D095">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6A9F1F38AE2C556A55CF0726618300AA">Khazaei, Zohreh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="699A48A5F4F281D0F95F91025371FA6F">Shiraz University</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FFF231F9489C081A1C657B093709BB51" type="email">khazaiizohreh@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1E17B140B8B59E2CC917169BB42042BD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1AB7DD2D6DC5AA5A9052E84C17FDD2AB">
<mods:roleTerm id="A8D846EC3EB915BAC2680A8DFF83F570">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="58B0B5EA5498AB43A4C9EA1152DD1895">Polhemus, Dan A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="64CF301A48B2CDB7A5BAFD84577002AF">Dept. of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="666C1982C4B6E863BCAADE9FAC1A6888" type="email">bugman@bishopmuseum.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4D02FE3C6F54A12BBAC736BBBB116C0C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="96D289A5425355AAD4A86358E764AFE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="363570180F8ECA320D3AC9BA6E9C2823">Tahami, Mohadeseh S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B018C6ABA25874EEA2ED0F439CF003E3">Shiraz University</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F43CD93A3B3BA534851F444FAD17F07F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FA388AB53A18937313544E6206361851">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0FA15A1789BB8C363A63A7E6EDA70BEE">
<mods:date id="89B75A7EC0AE7A02B7E38C4B2CF44EF7">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="54D1954CFF42CDAC4A9314AE28F284DA" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="ACFCF8948B8C1F6F2371234BE2C8312B">2020-04-09</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1617D9401267B5E0A1FB4B52F8B58DD4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="63E2CCD5DF9133BA6C1C513163B9EE6F">4763</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="40D1E9A60850B4A924502D59FA3C18F9" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E3CFC491C73BC37D15B5079EF6E00286">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7C9BB4910E416FC26A6C6373C48CF5EC">246</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EE7378DB25FEDDD87EA66FD3B670D0E4">258</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="C94B7C539F2792C4888335D6B99A7577">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A65601A99556EC59946BECCEC8635603" type="CLB-Dataset">22923</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C9A5C39AA7C35293921E07B32CFCD21B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4763.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F2C940FF8BFF82FF4E0A53FDA12E09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806434" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163652888" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3806434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2C940FF8BFF82FF4E0A53FDA12E09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F2C940FF8BFF82FF4E0A53FDA12E09" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<subSubSection id="C3412BDDFF8BFF85FF4E0A53FE022E06" box="[151,438,333,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF4E0A53FE022E06" blockId="2.[151,530,297,396]" box="[151,438,333,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<heading id="D0ACCF3AFF8BFF85FF4E0A53FE022E06" bold="true" box="[151,438,333,360]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FF4E0A53FE022E06" bold="true" box="[151,438,333,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8BFF85FF4E0A53FED82E06" authority="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami, 2020" authorityName="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,364,333,360]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gakalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FF4E0A53FED82E06" bold="true" box="[151,364,333,360]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Leptopus gakalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C193FFF8BFF85FEAA0A53FE022E06" box="[371,438,334,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3412BDDFF8BFF85FF4E0A6CFEA62EE2" box="[151,274,369,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF4E0A6CFEA62EE2" blockId="2.[151,530,297,396]" box="[151,274,369,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
(
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8BFF85FF460A6CFEBE2EE2" box="[159,266,369,396]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1294,1319]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1330,1355]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,840,865]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,250,876,901]" captionTargetBox-0="[204,850,430,1228]" captionTargetBox-1="[853,1379,427,1238]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,895,191,806]" captionTargetBox-3="[904,1445,192,807]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[164,1423,380,1269]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[152,1435,178,817]" captionTargetId-3="figure@4.[152,1435,178,817]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Leptopus gakalae n. sp., female, dorsal habitus photo. Specimen from Gakal Cave, Iran." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Leptopus gakalae, male eye and foreleg, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Leptopus gakalae n. sp., male abdomen, ventral view, showing symmetrical parameres." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Leptopus gakalae n. sp., male paramere." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758305" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758307" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758309" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758311" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3758305/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3758307/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3758309/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3758311/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Figs. 2–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3412BDDFF8BFF85FF4E0AA9FA292D78" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF4E0AA9FA292D78" blockId="2.[151,1437,435,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FF4E0AA9FE072EA0" bold="true" box="[151,435,435,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Type material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B33720BFF8BFF85FE660AA9FC1E2E9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2599923286" collectingDate="2015-10-18" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Iran" county="Gakal Cave" elevation="1100" latitude="30.312222" location="Kohgiluyeh" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="51.15778" municipality="Boyer-Ahmad Prov" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54E0C6F4FF8BFF85FE660AA9FD9E2EA0" box="[447,554,436,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, male,
<collectingCountry id="F34C38C6FF8BFF85FDAC0AA9FD082EA0" box="[629,700,436,462]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">IRAN</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FD1C0AAEFBD92EA0" bold="true" box="[709,1133,435,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<location id="8E842E8DFF8BFF85FD1C0AAEFCFB2EA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2C940FF8BFF82FF4E0A53FDA12E09:8E842E8DFF8BFF85FD1C0AAEFCFB2EA0" box="[709,847,435,462]" country="Iran" county="Gakal Cave" latitude="30.312222" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="51.15778" municipality="Boyer-Ahmad Prov" name="Kohgiluyeh" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Kohgiluyeh</location>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="6B80E22CFF8BFF85FC5F0AAEFBD92EA0" box="[902,1133,435,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Boyer-Ahmad Prov</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
.,
<collectingCounty id="628500DAFF8BFF85FBA60AA9FAB72EA0" box="[1151,1283,436,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Gakal Cave</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F1E91FF8BFF85FAD50AA9FA232EA0" box="[1292,1431,436,462]" degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" precision="15" seconds="44" value="30.312222">30°18’44”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F1E91FF8BFF85FF4E0ACAFEA52E9C" box="[151,273,471,498]" degrees="51" direction="east" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" precision="15" seconds="28" value="51.15778">51°9’28”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CA3D5B3FF8BFF85FEC70AC5FEC72E9D" box="[286,371,472,499]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation id="00769F65FF8BFF85FEC70AC5FEC72E9D" box="[286,371,472,499]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<date id="FFE55E96FF8BFF85FE640AC5FDCA2E9C" box="[445,638,471,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" value="2015-10-18">
<collectingDate id="EFA1A77EFF8BFF85FE640AC5FDCA2E9C" box="[445,638,471,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" value="2015-10-18">18 October 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, Zohreh Khazaei (
<collectionCode id="ED4AE093FF8BFF85FC970AC5FC162E9C" box="[846,930,472,498]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54E0C6F4FF8BFF85FC6C0AC4FB922E9D" box="[949,1062,473,499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="F34C38C6FF8BFF85FBEB0AC5FBCD2E9C" box="[1074,1145,472,498]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">IRAN</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FB5C0ACAFE842D78" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<collectingRegion id="499FB6B4FF8BFF85FB5C0ACAFABB2E9C" box="[1157,1295,471,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Kohgiluyeh</collectingRegion>
and Boyer-
<collectingRegion id="499FB6B4FF8BFF85FF4E0AE6FE842D78" box="[151,304,507,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Ahmad Prov</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
.:
<specimenCount id="9D5DB3DFFF8BFF85FE9F0AE1FE2B2D78" box="[326,415,508,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5DB3DFFF8BFF85FE730AE6FDA22D78" box="[426,534,507,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
(one apterous), same data as
<typeStatus id="54E0C6F4FF8BFF85FCB80AE1FC772D78" box="[865,963,508,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D5DB3DFFF8BFF85FC0C0AE1FB802D78" box="[981,1076,508,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED4AE093FF8BFF85FBE20AE0FB382D79" box="[1083,1164,509,535]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
, remainder
<collectionCode id="ED4AE093FF8BFF85FAD60AE1FA252D78" box="[1295,1425,508,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">ZM-CBSU</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3412BDDFF8BFF85FF1E0902FEA228BF" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF1E0902FD912D30" blockId="2.[151,1437,435,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FF1E0902FEE52D54" bold="true" box="[199,337,543,570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Description</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FEB90902FE4A2D54" bold="true" box="[352,510,543,570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Winged male</emphasis>
: Body length (from head to apical tip of forewings)
<quantity id="4CA3D5B3FF8BFF85FB940902FB6C2D55" box="[1101,1240,543,571]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
; maximum width (across hemelytra) 1.0 mm (
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8BFF85FE0A0959FDA02D30" box="[467,532,580,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1186,1211]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,181,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,179,1159]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Locations of caves from which aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera have been collected in Iran." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758303/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF1E0975FBC42DC9" blockId="2.[151,1437,435,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FF1E0975FE152DEC" box="[199,417,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">General coloration</emphasis>
pale whitish-tan, with thorax and broad maculae on hemelytra yellowish-brown, appendages pale (
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8BFF85FED70991FEFB2DC8" box="[270,335,652,678]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1186,1211]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,181,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,179,1159]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Locations of caves from which aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera have been collected in Iran." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758303/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); entire dorsal surface bearing moderately long, erect, stout, pale setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF1E09ADFD702B3A" blockId="2.[151,1437,435,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FF1E09ADFE022DA4" box="[199,438,688,714]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Structural characters</emphasis>
: Head length 0.60, width across eyes 0.90, brown; frons declivent, nearly vertical, bearing three long, stout, gold setae basally at junction with vertex; width of vertex 0.50, with semi-spherical protuberance medially bearing 2 ocelli; a pair (1 + 1) of whitish setae set at a short distance from each other immediately behind ocelli; two whitish setae anteriorly on midline of vertex; suture present at midline of vertex next to mid-projection of vertex; clypeus yellowish; posteroventral margins dark; three long, whitish spines ventrally to either side of longitudinal midline on post-genal sclerites. Eyes red, prominent, semi-circular, bearing short, pale ocular setae, inner margins bi-concave. Rostrum attaining fore coxae, segment II yellowish, longest, with two pairs (2+2) of long spines located on tubercles (
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8BFF85FE0108B6FDAA2CAB" box="[472,542,939,965]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1294,1319]" captionTargetBox="[204,850,430,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[164,1423,380,1269]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Leptopus gakalae n. sp., female, dorsal habitus photo. Specimen from Gakal Cave, Iran." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758305/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); segment III yellowish, with two pairs of long tuberculate spines; segment IV shortest, dark brown at apex. Antennae with segment I short, 0.4× as long as segment II, thickened in the middle and narrowed proximally and apically; segment II 1.25× length of segment III, yellowish, clavate, and thickened apically; segments III and IV dark brown, segment IV 0.28× as long as segment III, with recumbent dark brown setae; lengths of segments I–IV = 0.15, 0.40, 0.80, 0.45.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF1E0F43FA312A68" blockId="2.[151,1437,435,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Pronotum length 0.60, maximum width 0.75, yellowish-brown, punctate, with scattered spines; pronotum partitioned into anterior and posterior parts near middle by prominent transverse furrow; anterior lobe with longitudinal furrow along midline, separating calli, each callus with two small angular processes; lateral margins very narrowly explanate, with scattered erect, spine-like pale brown setae. Scutellum length 0.25, width 0.35, brown with a pale tip, bearing a pair (1+1) of erect, spine-like pale brown setae on either side of midline; central section depressed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF1E0E0DFEBE2AD7" blockId="2.[151,1437,435,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
Elytra coleopteriform, completely sclerotized and lacking membrane; clavus and corium well defined, punctate, set with scattered erect, spine-like, pale brown setae, ground color whitish-tan, with prominent X-shaped, yellowish-brown fascia traversing center of corium (
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8BFF85FD420E4AFD542A1C" box="[667,736,1367,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1294,1319]" captionTargetBox="[204,850,430,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[164,1423,380,1269]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Leptopus gakalae n. sp., female, dorsal habitus photo. Specimen from Gakal Cave, Iran." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758305/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); hind wings reduced, half as long as forewings; basal section of hemelytra inside of medial fracture raised; hemelytral margin narrowly explanate, embolium only very weakly expanded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF1E0EDEFB242AB3" blockId="2.[151,1437,435,2001]" box="[199,1168,1475,1501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Abdomen brown dorsally, with 7 visible segments including medio- and laterotergites.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF1E0EFAFE2A294B" blockId="2.[151,1437,435,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Venter with mesosternum and metasternum brown, tumescent; abdomen yellowish-brown, bearing sparse inconspicuous pale setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF1E0D32FE652808" blockId="2.[151,1437,435,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FF1E0D32FF482926" box="[199,252,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Legs</emphasis>
yellowish-white with a preapical dark spot on femora; foretibia with three spines dorsally originating from tubercles (
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8BFF85FED20D4FFEFA2902" box="[267,334,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1330,1355]" captionTargetBox="[853,1379,427,1238]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[164,1423,380,1269]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptopus gakalae, male eye and foreleg, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758307/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), apical 3
<superScript id="7C2ED51EFF8BFF85FE650D4DFE7E2930" attach="left" box="[444,458,1616,1630]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">rd</superScript>
spine shorter, plus three light brown spines ventrally, the middle one longer; fore femur yellowish-white with a preapical dark spot, four fine tuberculate spines dorsally, the proximal one shorter, five tuberculate spines ventrally, the proximal 2
<superScript id="7C2ED51EFF8BFF85FDA20D85FD3F29C8" attach="left" box="[635,651,1688,1702]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">nd</superScript>
one and the apical 5
<superScript id="7C2ED51EFF8BFF85FCAA0D85FC3429C8" attach="left" box="[883,896,1688,1702]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">th</superScript>
one shorter; middle and hind femora yellowishwhite with a preapical dark spot; tarsi yellowish-white, middle and hind tarsi brown apically, claws also brown; apices of fore tibia and fore tarsus brown, fore tarsus also bearing long pale setae. Lengths of leg segments as follows: fore femur–tibia–tarsomere 1– tarsomere 2–tarsomere 3 = 0.85/0.85/0.05/0.10/0.10; middle femur–tibia–tarsomere 1– tarsomere 2–tarsomere 3 = 0.75/1.00/0.05/0.10/0.15; hind femur–tibia– tarsomere 1– tarsomere 2– tarsomere 3 = 0.95/1.45/0.05/0.15/ 0.20.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF1E0C72FB2628E4" blockId="2.[151,1437,435,2001]" box="[199,1170,1903,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FF1E0C72FED828E7" box="[199,364,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Male genitalia</emphasis>
with parameres symmetrical, elongate, apices broadly rounded (
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8BFF85FBE60C72FB3028E4" box="[1087,1156,1903,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,840,865]" captionTargetBox="[163,895,191,806]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,178,817]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leptopus gakalae n. sp., male abdomen, ventral view, showing symmetrical parameres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758309/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8BFF85FF1E0C8FFEA228BF" blockId="2.[151,1437,435,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8BFF85FF1E0C8FFEC828C3" bold="true" box="[199,380,1938,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Winged female</emphasis>
: Similar to winged male in general structure and coloration (
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8BFF85FBE50C8EFB3628C3" box="[1084,1154,1939,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1294,1319]" captionTargetBox="[204,850,430,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[164,1423,380,1269]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Leptopus gakalae n. sp., female, dorsal habitus photo. Specimen from Gakal Cave, Iran." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758305/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="248">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); length 3.20, maximum width 1.20.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3412BDDFF8AFF84FF1E0B84FAFB2FDC" box="[199,1359,152,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8AFF84FF1E0B84FAFB2FDC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,358]" box="[199,1359,152,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FF1E0B84FEFC2FDD" bold="true" box="[199,328,153,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific name “gakalae” refers to the Gakal Cave, where the
<typeStatus id="54E0C6F4FF8AFF84FBEB0B84FBD62FDD" box="[1074,1122,153,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">type</typeStatus>
series was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3412BDDFF8AFF83FF1E0BA1FEB3289D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8AFF84FF1E0BA1FC3F2E08" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FF1E0BA1FE802FB8" bold="true" box="[199,308,188,214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Remarks</emphasis>
. Our new species clearly belongs to the clade containing
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FC100BA0FB842FB8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[969,1072,189,214]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FC100BA0FB842FB8" box="[969,1072,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Leptopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FBE60BA1FEFB2F94" authority="J. Polhemus &amp; D. Polhemus, 1991" authorityName="J. Polhemus &amp; D. Polhemus" authorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FBE60BA1FB7C2FB8" box="[1087,1224,188,214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Leptopoides</emphasis>
J. Polhemus &amp; D.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8AFF84FF4E0BFDFEFB2F94" author="Polhemus, J. T. &amp; Polhemus, D. A." box="[151,335,224,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" pagination="496 - 526" refId="ref7303" refString="Polhemus, J. T. &amp; Polhemus, D. A. (1991) A revision of the Leptopodomorpha (Heteroptera) of Madagascar and nearby Indian Ocean islands. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 99 (3), 496 - 526." type="journal article" year="1991">Polhemus, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FE570BFCFD142F94" authority="Horvath, 1912" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1912" box="[398,672,224,250]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Patapius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FE570BFCFE462F94" box="[398,498,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Patapius</emphasis>
Horvath, 1912
</taxonomicName>
, due to the presence of stout spines on both of the first two visible rostral segments (J. Polhemus &amp; D.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8AFF84FDF20A19FD6F2E70" author="Polhemus, J. T. &amp; Polhemus, D. A." box="[555,731,260,286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" pagination="496 - 526" refId="ref7303" refString="Polhemus, J. T. &amp; Polhemus, D. A. (1991) A revision of the Leptopodomorpha (Heteroptera) of Madagascar and nearby Indian Ocean islands. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 99 (3), 496 - 526." type="journal article" year="1991">Polhemus 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8AFF84FD3F0A19FBF22E70" author="Linnavuori, R. E. &amp; van Harten, A." box="[742,1094,260,286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" pagination="321 - 324" refId="ref7039" refString="Linnavuori, R. E. &amp; van Harten, A. (2002) New genus and species of Leptopodidae (Heteroptera) from Yemen. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 46, 321 - 324." type="journal article" year="2002">Linnavuori &amp; van Harten 2002</bibRefCitation>
). It runs to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FAEF0A18FA292E70" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[1334,1437,261,286]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FAEF0A18FA292E70" box="[1334,1437,261,286]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Leptopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the key of J. Polhemus &amp; D.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8AFF84FE2F0A35FD0D2E2C" author="Polhemus, J. T. &amp; Polhemus, D. A." box="[502,697,296,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" pagination="496 - 526" refId="ref7303" refString="Polhemus, J. T. &amp; Polhemus, D. A. (1991) A revision of the Leptopodomorpha (Heteroptera) of Madagascar and nearby Indian Ocean islands. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 99 (3), 496 - 526." type="journal article" year="1991">Polhemus (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, based on the presence of short, slender ocular setae, and the presence of two divergent rows of stout spines on the fore tibia (
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8AFF84FCE00A51FCC92E08" box="[825,893,332,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1330,1355]" captionTargetBox="[853,1379,427,1238]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[164,1423,380,1269]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptopus gakalae, male eye and foreleg, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758307/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2428DEFF8AFF84FF4E0E13FB2E2A48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758305" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3758305" box="[151,1178,1294,1319]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758305/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" startId="3.[151,250,1294,1319]" targetBox="[204,850,430,1228]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8AFF84FF4E0E13FB2E2A48" blockId="3.[151,1178,1294,1319]" box="[151,1178,1294,1319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FF4E0E13FEA72A49" bold="true" box="[151,275,1294,1319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FEC00E12FE792A48" authority="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami, 2020" authorityName="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,461,1294,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gakalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FEC00E12FE792A48" box="[281,461,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Leptopus gakalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FE0A0E13FDB82A48" bold="true" box="[467,524,1294,1318]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C193FFF8AFF84FE0A0E13FDB82A48" box="[467,524,1294,1318]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female, dorsal habitus photo. Specimen from Gakal Cave, Iran.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2428DEFF8AFF84FF4E0E2FFC892A25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3758307" box="[151,829,1330,1355]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758307/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" startId="3.[151,250,1330,1355]" targetBox="[853,1379,427,1238]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8AFF84FF4E0E2FFC892A25" blockId="3.[151,829,1330,1355]" box="[151,829,1330,1355]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FF4E0E2FFEA72A25" bold="true" box="[151,275,1330,1355]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FEC00E2EFE792A24" authorityName="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,461,1330,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gakalae">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FEC00E2EFE792A24" box="[281,461,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Leptopus gakalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male eye and foreleg, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8AFF84FF1E0E64FF5429E1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1401,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">
Seven species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FE530E64FD902AFD" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1836" box="[394,548,1401,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptopodidae</taxonomicName>
have been previously recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F34C38C6FF8AFF84FC1E0E64FC402AFD" box="[967,1012,1401,1427]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8AFF84FBDA0E64FB712AFD" author="Hoberlandt, L." box="[1027,1221,1401,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" pagination="99 - 105" refId="ref6660" refString="Hoberlandt, L. (1983) Results of the Czechoslovak-Iranian entomological expeditions to Iran 1970, 1973 and 1977. Heteroptera, Leptopodidae. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 41, 99 - 105." type="journal article" year="1983">Hoberlandt 1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8AFF84FB090E64FA2C2AFD" author="Schuh, R. T. &amp; Galil, B. &amp; Polhemus, J. T." box="[1232,1432,1401,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" pagination="243 - 406" refId="ref7570" refString="Schuh, R. T., Galil, B. &amp; Polhemus, J. T. (1987) Catalog and bibiolography of Leptopodomorpha (Heteroptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 185 (Article 3), 243 - 406." type="journal article" year="1987">
Schuh
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FAC70E67FAFB2AFD" box="[1310,1359,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">et al</emphasis>
. 1987
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8AFF84FF4E0E80FEC72AD9" author="Ghahari, H. &amp; Moulet, P. &amp; Ostovan, H. &amp; Linnavuori, R. E." box="[151,371,1437,1463]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref6592" refString="Ghahari, H., Moulet, P., Ostovan, H. &amp; Linnavuori, R. E. (2013) An annotated catalog of the Iranian Dipsocoromorpha, Enicocephalomorpha, Gerromorpha, Leptopodomorpha and Nepomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa, 3641 (4), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3641.4.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Ghahari
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FF210E83FE842AD9" box="[248,304,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
):
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FE5F0E83FD442AD9" authority="Dufour, 1834" authorityName="Dufour" authorityYear="1834" box="[390,752,1437,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Erianotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanosus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FE5F0E83FDE52AD9" box="[390,593,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Erianotus lanosus</emphasis>
Dufour, 1834
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FD220E83FB542AD9" authority="Drake &amp; Hoberlandt, 1951" authorityName="Drake &amp; Hoberlandt" authorityYear="1951" box="[763,1248,1436,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Patapius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sentus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FD220E83FC182AD9" box="[763,940,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Patapius sentus</emphasis>
Drake &amp; Hoberlandt, 1951
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FB350E83FEEF2AB5" authority="(Rossi, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Patapius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FB350E83FF0F2AB5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Patapius spinosus</emphasis>
(Rossi, 1790)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FEBF0EDCFCBB2AB5" authority="(Costa, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Costa" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[358,783,1472,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Valleriola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assouanensis">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FEBF0EDCFDDA2AB5" box="[358,622,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Valleriola assouanensis</emphasis>
(Costa, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FCC30EDFFBEE2AB5" authority="Drake, 1955" authorityName="Drake" authorityYear="1955" box="[794,1114,1472,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FCC30EDFFC732AB5" box="[794,967,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Leptopus decus</emphasis>
Drake, 1955
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FBBC0EDFFF662A91" authority="Rambur, 1840" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FBBC0EDFFA822AB5" box="[1125,1334,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Leptopus hispanus</emphasis>
Rambur, 1840
</taxonomicName>
; and
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FED70EFBFD042A91" authority="(Goeze, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[270,688,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FED70EFBFDB12A91" box="[270,517,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Leptopus marmoratus</emphasis>
(Goeze, 1778)
</taxonomicName>
. The Iranian records for
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FC1F0EFBFBD92A91" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[966,1133,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FC1F0EFBFBD92A91" box="[966,1133,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">L. marmoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8AFF84FADB0EF8FF56294D" author="Sakenin, H. &amp; Samin, N. &amp; Rastegari, J. &amp; Havaskary, M. &amp; Imani, S. &amp; Linnavuori, R. E." pageId="3" pageNumber="249" pagination="861 - 872" refId="ref7462" refString="Sakenin, H., Samin, N., Rastegari, J., Havaskary, M., Imani, S. &amp; Linnavuori, R. E. (2010) A faunistic survey on Heteroptera (Insecta) of western Iran. Linzer biologische Beitrage, 42, 861 - 872." type="journal article" year="2010">
Sakenin
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FABD0EFBFA292A91" box="[1380,1437,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8AFF84FEC10D14FE5B294D" author="Samin, N. &amp; Sakenin, H. &amp; Linnavuori, R. E. &amp; Havaskary, M. &amp; Mohebbi, H. R." box="[280,495,1545,1571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref7518" refString="Samin, N., Sakenin, H., Linnavuori, R. E., Havaskary, M. &amp; Mohebbi, H. R. (2011). A faunistic survey of Heteroptera (Insecta) from western Iran. Calodema, 146, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2011">
Samin
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FEBF0D17FE2B294D" box="[358,415,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
have, however, been called into question (see subsequent discussion under that species). Most of the above species records also lack information on ecological context, although
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FB090D33FA282929" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[1232,1436,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Patapius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FB090D33FA282929" box="[1232,1436,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Patapius spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was noted as having been taken from the margins of a small stream near Ramhormoz in
<collectingRegion id="499FB6B4FF8AFF84FB4E0D4CFAB92905" box="[1175,1293,1617,1643]" country="Iran" name="Khuzestan" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Khuzestan</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8AFF84FAC70D4CFF6029E1" author="Linnavuori, R. E." pageId="3" pageNumber="249" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref6951" refString="Linnavuori, R. E. (2009) Studies on the Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, Leptopodomorpha and Miridae excluding Phylini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Khuzestan and the adjacent provinces of Iran. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 49 (1), 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2009">Linnavuori 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8AFF84FF1E0D84FC9928BA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1401,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">
In addition to the two widespread species
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FD4A0D87FCC629DD" authority="Rambur" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1840" box="[659,882,1689,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FD4A0D87FCA729DD" box="[659,787,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">L. hispanus</emphasis>
Rambur
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8AFF84FC590D84FC7529DD" box="[896,961,1689,1715]" captionStart="FIGURES 7, 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1105,1130]" captionTargetBox="[278,1309,182,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[278,1310,181,1080]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7, 8. Leptopus species, dorsal habitus photos, appendages omitted. 7. Leptopus hispanus Rambur, 1840, specimen from Cyprus. 8. Leptopus scitulus Drake, 1954, specimen from India, Dehra Dun.X" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FC240D87FB1629DD" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[1021,1186,1690,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FC240D87FB1629DD" box="[1021,1186,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">L. marmoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8AFF84FB690D84FAB429DD" box="[1200,1280,1689,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1968,1993]" captionTargetBox="[338,1249,733,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[338,1249,733,1942]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 10. Leptopus marmoratus Goeze, 1778, dorsal habitus photograph, appendages omitted. Specimen from agricultural quarantine intercept at Baltimore, Maryland, USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758319/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), which occur primarily to the west of
<collectingCountry id="F34C38C6FF8AFF84FE7C0DA0FE6629B9" box="[421,466,1725,1751]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Iran</collectingCountry>
from southern Europe through the Balkans to trans-Caucasia, three additional species,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FF4E0DFFFE072995" authority="Distant" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,435,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travancorensis">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FF4E0DFFFEED2995" box="[151,345,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">L. travancorensis</emphasis>
Distant
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FE640DFFFDCD2995" authority="Drake" authorityName="Drake" authorityYear="1954" box="[445,633,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FE640DFFFD9B2995" box="[445,559,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">L. scitulus</emphasis>
Drake
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8AFF84FD510DFCFD7D2995" box="[648,713,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURES 7, 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1105,1130]" captionTargetBox="[278,1309,182,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[278,1310,181,1080]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7, 8. Leptopus species, dorsal habitus photos, appendages omitted. 7. Leptopus hispanus Rambur, 1840, specimen from Cyprus. 8. Leptopus scitulus Drake, 1954, specimen from India, Dehra Dun.X" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FCDE0DFFFC042995" authority="Drake" authorityName="Drake" authorityYear="1955" box="[775,944,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FCDE0DFFFCD72995" box="[775,867,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">L. decus</emphasis>
Drake
</taxonomicName>
, have been described from the western areas of
<collectingCountry id="F34C38C6FF8AFF84FF6E0C18FF402871" box="[183,244,1797,1823]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">India</collectingCountry>
; the latter taxon was described from
<collectingRegion id="499FB6B4FF8AFF84FD400C18FD5E2871" box="[665,746,1797,1823]" country="India" name="Punjab" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Punjab</collectingRegion>
, and its range extends westward to the Sistan &amp; Baluchestan Province of
<collectingCountry id="F34C38C6FF8AFF84FEF90C34FEE5282D" box="[288,337,1833,1859]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">Iran</collectingCountry>
. Given that no overall revision of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FD170C34FCDC282D" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1836" box="[718,872,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptopodidae</taxonomicName>
has been undertaken since that of
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8AFF84FB300C34FA23282D" author="Horvath, G." box="[1257,1431,1833,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" pagination="358 - 370" refId="ref6697" refString="Horvath, G. (1911) Revision des Leptopoides. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 9, 358 - 370." type="journal article" year="1911">Horváth (1911)</bibRefCitation>
, which is now taxonomically incomplete, it has been necessary to accurately determine that our new species from Iranian caves is indeed discrete from those previously described. The second author examined specimens of all the taxa noted above during a visit to the collections of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, and was able to verify that
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8AFF84FECB0CA7FE3D28BD" authorityName="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami" authorityYear="2020" box="[274,393,1977,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gakalae">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8AFF84FECB0CA7FE3D28BD" box="[274,393,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="249">L. gakalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinct from all of them (see key).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2428DEFF8DFF83FF4E0855FB262C0E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758309" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3758309" box="[151,1170,840,865]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758309/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" startId="4.[151,250,840,865]" targetBox="[163,895,191,806]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8DFF83FF4E0855FB262C0E" blockId="4.[151,1170,840,865]" box="[151,1170,840,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8DFF83FF4E0855FEA72C0F" bold="true" box="[151,275,840,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8DFF83FEC00854FE792C0E" authority="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami, 2020" authorityName="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,461,840,864]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gakalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8DFF83FEC00854FE792C0E" box="[281,461,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">Leptopus gakalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8DFF83FE0A0854FDB82C0F" bold="true" box="[467,524,841,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C193FFF8DFF83FE0A0854FDB82C0F" box="[467,524,841,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male abdomen, ventral view, showing symmetrical parameres.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2428DEFF8DFF83FF4E0871FD022CEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3758311" box="[151,694,876,901]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758311/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" startId="4.[151,250,876,901]" targetBox="[904,1445,192,807]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8DFF83FF4E0871FD022CEA" blockId="4.[151,694,876,901]" box="[151,694,876,901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8DFF83FF4E0871FEA72CEB" bold="true" box="[151,275,876,901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8DFF83FEC00870FE792CEA" authority="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami, 2020" authorityName="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,461,876,900]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gakalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8DFF83FEC00870FE792CEA" box="[281,461,876,900]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">Leptopus gakalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8DFF83FE0A0870FDB82CEB" bold="true" box="[467,524,877,901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C193FFF8DFF83FE0A0870FDB82CEB" box="[467,524,877,901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male paramere.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2428DEFF8DFF83FF4E0C1FFBD62874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758313" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3758313" box="[151,1122,1794,1819]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758313/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" startId="4.[151,250,1794,1819]" targetBox="[151,1436,922,1768]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8DFF83FF4E0C1FFBD62874" blockId="4.[151,1122,1794,1819]" box="[151,1122,1794,1819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8DFF83FF4E0C1FFEA72875" bold="true" box="[151,275,1794,1819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Photograph of the interior of Gakal Cave, type-locality for
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8DFF83FCB60C1EFB972874" authority="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami, 2020" authorityName="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami" authorityYear="2020" box="[879,1059,1794,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gakalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8DFF83FCB60C1EFB972874" box="[879,1059,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">Leptopus gakalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C193FFF8DFF83FBF00C1FFBD62874" box="[1065,1122,1794,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8DFF83FF1E0C54FEB3289D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1865,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">
Another species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8DFF83FE7E0C54FDBA280C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[423,526,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8DFF83FE7E0C54FDBA280C" box="[423,526,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">Leptopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8DFF83FDC70C54FCC2280D" authority="Vinakurov, 2012" authorityName="Vinakurov" authorityYear="2012" box="[542,886,1865,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="markusiki">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8DFF83FDC70C54FD18280D" box="[542,684,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">L. markusiki</emphasis>
Vinakurov, 2012
</taxonomicName>
, has been described from moderate elevation in the Himalayan foothills of Himanchal Pradesh state (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8DFF83FD280C70FC1928E9" author="Vinokurov, N. N." box="[753,941,1901,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" pagination="590 - 592" refId="ref7666" refString="Vinokurov, N. N. (2012) Leptopus markusiki Vinokurov, a new species of the bug family Leptopodidae (Heteroptera) from northern India. Entomological Review, 92, 590 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873812050120" type="journal article" year="2012">Vinokurov 2012</bibRefCitation>
) but has not been examined by the authors. However based on the figures provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA05A7FF8DFF83FD5C0C8CFCE628C5" author="Vinokurov, N. N." box="[645,850,1937,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" pagination="590 - 592" refId="ref7666" refString="Vinokurov, N. N. (2012) Leptopus markusiki Vinokurov, a new species of the bug family Leptopodidae (Heteroptera) from northern India. Entomological Review, 92, 590 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873812050120" type="journal article" year="2012">Vinokurov (2012)</bibRefCitation>
, this species is easily separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C5B03D5FF8DFF83FAD90C8CFACC28C5" authorityName="Khazaei &amp; Polhemus &amp; Tahami" authorityYear="2020" box="[1280,1400,1937,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" genus="Leptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gakalae">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8DFF83FAD90C8CFACC28C5" box="[1280,1400,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="250">L. gakalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its blotched rather than fasciate color pattern on the hemelytra, and the distinctive, club-like structure of the male paramere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3412BDDFF8CFF82FF1E0B85FDA12E09" pageId="5" pageNumber="251" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE47856FF8CFF82FF1E0B85FDA12E09" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B92FA444FF8CFF82FF1E0B85FEDD2FDD" bold="true" box="[199,361,152,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="251">Habitat notes</emphasis>
. Gakal Cave is located in the Zagros Mountains woodland, where Persian oak is the dominant tree (
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8CFF82FF090BA1FEA42FB9" box="[208,272,188,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1186,1211]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,181,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,179,1159]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Locations of caves from which aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera have been collected in Iran." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758303/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="251">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). In the dark zone of the cave, there is a puddle of water supplied with a spring and fed by water dripping down into the puddle from the cave’s ceiling (
<figureCitation id="136064D3FF8CFF82FD790BFDFD512F95" box="[672,741,224,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1794,1819]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,922,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,922,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photograph of the interior of Gakal Cave, type-locality for Leptopus gakalae n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758313/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="251">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The Zohreh River is the nearest surface water feature, lying about
<quantity id="4CA3D5B3FF8CFF82FF040A18FE902E70" box="[221,292,260,287]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="251" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
east of the cave. The specimens were collected in the entrance zone, where they could be seen clearly with the amount of sunlight coming in. The leptopodids were observed adjacent to a population of Collembola, which may provide a food source.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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