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<document id="AC5043A302B59AA82119078E916E7C99" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4137.4.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4137.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9e6f7af8-9531-4179-a48a-5a390d249eb7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271937" ID-ZooBank="55CA5F98-BBD2-41DC-974B-B904DE47B5BC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1468391104258" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Alvarez, Belinda, De Voogd, Nicole J. &amp; Soest, Van" docDate="2016" docId="4B1187F3FFEBF72CFF70C1A3BC5FC72C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4137.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4137 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phakellia tropicalis Alvarez &amp; Hooper 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="466" masterDocId="B728FF8BFFE6F723FFE7C566BE74C34B" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) in Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="477" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="464" updateTime="1698364592396" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3BE0D8EAACB1EEE1C5E076BDBD9842DE">Sponges of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) in Indonesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1537B394DAD5008B7C0A1F6616D55EF9">Alvarez, Belinda</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="4B1187F3FFEBF72CFF70C1A3BC5FC72C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5621788" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123195233" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5621788" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B1187F3FFEBF72CFF70C1A3BC5FC72C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B1187F3FFEBF72CFF70C1A3BC5FC72C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<subSubSection id="8BA2656EFFEBF72EFF70C1A3BF72C64B" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFEBF72EFF70C1A3BCA8C794" blockId="13.[151,732,1221,1280]" box="[151,732,1221,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<heading id="984F8189FFEBF72EFF70C1A3BCA8C794" bold="true" box="[151,732,1221,1247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFF70C1A3BCA8C794" authority="Alvarez &amp; Hooper, 2009" authorityName="Alvarez &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,732,1221,1247]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFF70C1A3BCA8C794" bold="true" box="[151,732,1221,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFF70C1A3BFD3C794" bold="true" box="[151,423,1221,1247]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Phakellia cf. tropicalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7294B14FFEBF72EFE48C1A3BCA8C794" author="Alvarez" box="[431,732,1221,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refString="Alvarez, B. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2009) Taxonomic revision of the order Halichondrida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from northern Australia. Family Axinellidae. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 25, 17 - 42." type="journal article" year="2009">Alvarez &amp; Hooper, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFEBF72EFF70C181BF72C64B" blockId="13.[151,732,1221,1280]" box="[151,262,1255,1280]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
(
<figureCitation id="5B832A60FFEBF72EFF78C181BE90C64B" box="[159,228,1255,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,789,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,785,1714]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map showing the geographical location of the described species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271939/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5B832A60FFEBF72EFF08C18EBE89C64B" box="[239,253,1256,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[277,1302,205,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[262,1324,193,1966]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Phakellia cf. tropicalis. A, ZMA Por. 12356, preserved specimen. B, ZMA Por. 12356, light microphotograph of skeleton, C, drawing of spicules. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 500 µm; D, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271944/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BA2656EFFEBF72EFF70C056BA4AC60D" box="[151,1086,1328,1350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFEBF72EFF70C056BA4AC60D" blockId="13.[151,1086,1328,1350]" box="[151,1086,1328,1350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E3A811CBFFEBF72EFF70C056BA4AC60D" box="[151,1086,1328,1350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFF70C056BCFCC60D" authority="Alvarez &amp; Hooper, 2009: 29" authorityName="Alvarez &amp; Hooper" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,648,1328,1350]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFF70C056BF2AC60D" box="[151,350,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Phakellia tropicalis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="421910F4FFEBF72EFE83C056BCFCC60D" author="Alvarez" box="[356,648,1328,1350]" page="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="A7294B14FFEBF72EFE83C056BC16C60D" author="Alvarez" box="[356,610,1328,1350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refString="Alvarez, B. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2009) Taxonomic revision of the order Halichondrida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from northern Australia. Family Axinellidae. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 25, 17 - 42." type="journal article" year="2009">Alvarez &amp; Hooper, 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 29
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A7294B14FFEBF72EFD74C056BDF5C60D" author="Przeslawski" box="[659,897,1328,1350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refString="Przeslawski, R., Alvarez, B., Battershill, C. &amp; Smith, T. (2014) Sponge biodiversity and ecology of the Van Diemen Rise and eastern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, northern Australia. Hydrobiologia, 730, 1 - 16. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 013 - 1799 - 8" type="journal article" year="2014">
Przeslawski
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFCF4C057BD4BC60D" box="[787,831,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A7294B14FFEBF72EFC6CC056BDCAC60D" author="Przeslawski" box="[907,958,1328,1350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refString="Przeslawski, R., Alvarez, B., Kool, J., Bridge, T., Caley, J. &amp; Nichols, S. (2015) Implications of sponge biodiversity patterns for the management of a marine reserve in northern Australia. PLoS ONE, 10, e 0141813. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0141813" type="journal volume" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
(listed only)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BA2656EFFEBF72EFF70C014BDBEC5E0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFEBF72EFF70C014BDBEC5E0" blockId="13.[151,1437,1394,2031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFF70C014BF08C6C0" bold="true" box="[151,380,1394,1419]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="A5A9AE20FFEBF72EFE6AC015BFBFC6C0" box="[397,459,1395,1419]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 0 9017,
<collectingCountry id="BBAF7675FFEBF72EFD85C014BCA6C6C0" box="[610,722,1394,1419]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, NE coast of Sumba, E of Melolo, Nusa Tenggara,
<geoCoordinate id="A68C5022FFEBF72EFACAC015BBECC6C0" box="[1325,1432,1395,1419]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="5" value="-9.9033">9.9033°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A68C5022FFEBF72EFF70C0F0BF65C6E4" box="[151,273,1430,1455]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="55" value="120.725">120.725°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="04409B00FFEBF72EFEC7C0F0BF28C6E5" box="[288,348,1430,1455]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="B7061025FFEBF72EFE51C0F0BCEEC6E4" box="[438,666,1430,1455]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="1984-09-15">15 September 1984</date>
, coll. R.W.M. van Soest on Snellius II Expedition, Sta. 061/
<date id="B7061025FFEBF72EFA87C0F0BBE9C6E4" box="[1376,1437,1430,1455]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">V/18.</date>
<collectionCode id="A5A9AE20FFEBF72EFF70C0DDBEA1C698" box="[151,213,1467,1491]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 0 9139,
<collectingCountry id="BBAF7675FFEBF72EFE84C0DCBFA7C698" box="[355,467,1466,1491]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, NE coast of Sumba, E of Melolo, Nusa Tenggara,
<geoCoordinate id="A68C5022FFEBF72EFBF7C0DDBA0EC698" box="[1040,1146,1467,1491]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="5" value="-9.8917">9.8917°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A68C5022FFEBF72EFB62C0DDBB79C698" box="[1157,1293,1467,1491]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="5" value="120.7117">120.7117°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="04409B00FFEBF72EFAF0C0DCBB24C699" box="[1303,1360,1466,1491]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="B7061025FFEBF72EFF70C0B9BFF6C6BC" box="[151,386,1502,1527]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="1984-09-13">13 September 1984</date>
, coll. R.W.M. van Soest on Snellius II Expedition, Sta.051, dredge.
<collectionCode id="A5A9AE20FFEBF72EFB2EC0B9BB73C6BC" box="[1225,1287,1503,1527]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 12218,
<collectingCountry id="BBAF7675FFEBF72EFF70C364BF73C550" box="[151,263,1538,1563]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Saleh Bay, N coast of Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda Islands,
<geoCoordinate id="A68C5022FFEBF72EFC58C364BA5EC550" box="[959,1066,1538,1563]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="5" value="-8.3166">8.3166°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A68C5022FFEBF72EFBDCC364BAB6C550" box="[1083,1218,1538,1563]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="5" value="117.6833">117.6833°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="04409B00FFEBF72EFB34C365BB55C551" box="[1235,1313,1539,1563]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="274.0">274 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="B7061025FFEBF72EFA67C365BF4AC574" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="1900-02-14">14 February 1900</date>
, coll.
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFE65C340BCFFC574" authority="Expedition, Sta." authorityName="Expedition, Sta." box="[386,651,1574,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Siboga Expedition, Sta.</taxonomicName>
312, trawl.
<collectionCode id="A5A9AE20FFEBF72EFCF4C341BD25C574" box="[787,849,1575,1599]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 0 1226,
<collectingCountry id="BBAF7675FFEBF72EFC07C340BA24C574" box="[992,1104,1574,1599]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Lesser Sunda Islands,
<geoCoordinate id="A68C5022FFEBF72EFAB0C340BBE3C574" box="[1367,1431,1574,1599]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="5555" value="-8.5">8.5°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A68C5022FFEBF72EFF70C32CBF64C528" box="[151,272,1610,1635]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="55" value="119.125">119.125°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="04409B00FFEBF72EFEF8C32DBF28C529" box="[287,348,1611,1635]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="73.0">73 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="B7061025FFEBF72EFE50C32DBCFDC528" box="[439,649,1610,1635]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="1900-02-12">12 February 1900</date>
, coll.
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFD33C32CBD90C528" authority="Expedition, Sta." authorityName="Expedition, Sta." box="[724,996,1610,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Siboga Expedition, Sta.</taxonomicName>
312, trawl.
<collectionCode id="A5A9AE20FFEBF72EFB90C32DBAC1C528" box="[1143,1205,1611,1635]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 12252, 12268, 12356,
<collectingCountry id="BBAF7675FFEBF72EFF0BC308BF28C5CC" box="[236,348,1646,1671]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Solor Strait, mid channel off Kampong Menanga, Lesser Sunda Islands,
<geoCoordinate id="A68C5022FFEBF72EFB41C308BB65C5CC" box="[1190,1297,1646,1671]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="5" value="-8.4152">8.4152°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A68C5022FFEBF72EFAF9C309BBECC5CC" box="[1310,1432,1647,1671]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="55" value="123.043">123.043°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="04409B00FFEBF72EFF70C3F5BEA9C5E1" box="[151,221,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="113.0">113 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="B7061025FFEBF72EFED7C3F5BF98C5E0" box="[304,492,1682,1707]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="1900-02-08">8 February 1900</date>
, coll.
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFDC8C3F4BD43C5E0" authority="Expedition, Sta." authorityName="Expedition, Sta." box="[559,823,1682,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Siboga Expedition, Sta.</taxonomicName>
305, dredge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BA2656EFFEBF72CFF20C3D0BC79C3B3" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFEBF72EFF20C3D0BCF2C415" blockId="13.[151,1437,1394,2031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFF20C3D0BF40C584" bold="true" box="[199,308,1718,1743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Remarks</emphasis>
. The material examined includes a collection of specimens from the area of Lesser Sunda very similar in shape and skeletal organisation to
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFD72C3BCBD0FC5B8" box="[661,891,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFD72C3BCBD0CC5B8" box="[661,888,1754,1779]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tropicalis">Phakellia tropicalis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The Lesser Sunda specimens are found deeper, down to
<quantity id="04409B00FFEBF72EFEE4C399BF3BC45D" box="[259,335,1791,1815]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="274.0">274 m</quantity>
depth, than the northern Australian populations, and have thicker and longer spicules. Some specimens are infested with the
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFDE1C244BCD6C470" box="[518,674,1826,1851]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Parazoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFDE1C244BCD6C470" box="[518,674,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Parazoanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further illustrations (
<figureCitation id="5B832A60FFEBF72EFC45C244BD92C470" box="[930,998,1826,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[277,1302,205,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[262,1324,193,1966]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Phakellia cf. tropicalis. A, ZMA Por. 12356, preserved specimen. B, ZMA Por. 12356, light microphotograph of skeleton, C, drawing of spicules. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 500 µm; D, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271944/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) and spicules measurements (
<tableCitation id="8E3A035EFFEBF72EFADBC244BBE0C470" box="[1340,1428,1826,1851]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,239,472,495]" captionTargetBox="[159,1365,522,864]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 7. Spicule dimensions of Phakellia cf. tropicalis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/97C7666DFFE9F72CFF70C4BEBC8AC2A4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" tableUuid="97C7666DFFE9F72CFF70C4BEBC8AC2A4">Table 7</tableCitation>
) are provided here for comparative purposes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFEBF72CFF20C20CBC79C3B3" blockId="13.[151,1437,1394,2031]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
This species was first described from northern
<collectingCountry id="BBAF7675FFEBF72EFD0EC20CBD24C4C8" box="[745,848,1898,1923]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Australia</collectingCountry>
and assigned to
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFBF1C20CBAF6C4C8" box="[1046,1154,1898,1923]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFBF1C20CBAF6C4C8" box="[1046,1154,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Phakellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provisionally because it shares characteristic of the skeleton with the dictyonellid genus
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFC7CC2E8BA60C4EC" box="[923,1044,1934,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" genus="Acanthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFC7CC2E8BA60C4EC" box="[923,1044,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Acanthella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and surface characteristics with axinellid genera such as
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFE4BC2D4BC7DC480" box="[428,521,1970,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFE4BC2D4BC7DC480" box="[428,521,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFDA7C2D4BCB0C480" box="[576,708,1970,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Cymbastela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFDA7C2D4BCB0C480" box="[576,708,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Cymbastela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species is genetically related to
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFB8BC2D4BABDC480" box="[1132,1225,1970,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFB8BC2D4BABDC480" box="[1132,1225,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFEBF72EFAE7C2D4BBE8C480" box="[1280,1436,1970,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Dragmacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFAE7C2D4BBE8C480" box="[1280,1436,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Dragmacidon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<bibRefCitation id="A7294B14FFEBF72EFF3DC2B0BFBFC4A4" author="Alvarez" box="[218,459,2006,2031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refString="Alvarez, B., Crisp, M. D., Driver, F., Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) using morphological and molecular data. Zoologica Scripta, 29, 169 - 198. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.2000.00029. x" type="journal article" year="2000">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFEA4C2B1BFF6C4A4" box="[323,386,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A7294B14FFEBF72EFE3AC2B0BCA7C4A4" author="Redmond" box="[477,723,2006,2031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refString="Redmond, N. E., Morrow, C. C., Thacker, R. W., Diaz, M. C., Boury-Esnault, N., Cardenas, P., Hajdu E., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Picton, B. E., Pomponi, S. A., Kayal, E. &amp; Collins, A. G. (2013) Phylogeny and Systematics of Demospongiae in Light of New Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA (18 S) Sequences. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53, 482 - 494. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / ict 078" type="journal article" year="2013">
Redmond
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFEBF72EFDBFC2B1BCE5C4A4" box="[600,657,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
), which are characterized by different morphologies, skeletal organisation and spicule composition.
<bibRefCitation id="A7294B14FFE9F72CFDAEC5F1BD1AC3FB" author="Alvarez" box="[585,878,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" refString="Alvarez, B. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2009) Taxonomic revision of the order Halichondrida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from northern Australia. Family Axinellidae. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 25, 17 - 42." type="journal article" year="2009">Alvarez &amp; Hooper (2009)</bibRefCitation>
also suggested that the species might belong to a new genus which could accommodate species of erect form and bubaris-like skeletons currently assigned to hidden
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFE9F72CFF0DC5B9BF10C3B3" box="[234,356,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" genus="Acanthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFE9F72CFF0DC5B9BF10C3B3" box="[234,356,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Acanthella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFE9F72CFE7DC5B9BC79C3B3" box="[410,525,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFE9F72CFE7DC5B9BC7DC3B3" box="[410,521,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Phakellia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="97C7666DFFE8F72DFF70C2A6BDDDC4BE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271944/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" targetBox="[277,1302,205,1954]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFE8F72DFF70C2A6BDDDC4BE" blockId="14.[151,1436,1984,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFE8F72DFF70C2A6BF67C49E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1984,2006]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFE8F72DFEFCC2A6BC77C49D" box="[283,515,1984,2006]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFE8F72DFEFCC2A6BC77C49D" box="[283,515,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Phakellia cf. tropicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, ZMA Por. 12356, preserved specimen. B, ZMA Por. 12356, light microphotograph of skeleton, C, drawing of spicules. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 500 µm; D, 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="8BA2656EFFE9F72CFF20C462BC5FC72C" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFE9F72CFF20C462BD84C2E6" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFE9F72CFF20C462BF14C256" bold="true" box="[199,352,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Distribution.</emphasis>
The species was first described for the Sahul Shelf (with the majority of records reported from northern
<collectingCountry id="BBAF7675FFE9F72CFEE7C441BF13C20B" box="[256,359,295,320]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Australia</collectingCountry>
(i.e Bonaparte Gulf and Arnhem Coast to Gulf of Carpenteria MEOW) (
<bibRefCitation id="A7294B14FFE9F72CFB24C441BEA0C22F" author="Alvarez" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" refString="Alvarez, B. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2009) Taxonomic revision of the order Halichondrida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from northern Australia. Family Axinellidae. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 25, 17 - 42." type="journal article" year="2009">Alvarez &amp; Hooper 2009</bibRefCitation>
). It is also found in the Northwest Australian Shelf province (Alvarez &amp; Fromont unpublished data). Assuming that this material is conspecific with
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFE9F72CFD50C417BD32C2C3" box="[695,838,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFE9F72CFD50C417BD36C2C3" box="[695,834,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tropicalis">P. tropicalis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the distribution of the species is wider than initially thought and should be extended to the Central-Indo Pacific province (
<figureCitation id="5B832A60FFE9F72CFC42C4F2BD97C2E6" box="[933,995,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,789,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,785,1714]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map showing the geographical location of the described species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271939/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Fig.2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="97C7666DFFE9F72CFF70C4BEBC8AC2A4" ID-Table-UUID="97C7666DFFE9F72CFF70C4BEBC8AC2A4" box="[151,766,471,495]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/97C7666DFFE9F72CFF70C4BEBC8AC2A4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" targetBox="[159,1365,522,864]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFE9F72CFF70C4BEBC8AC2A4" blockId="15.[151,766,471,495]" box="[151,766,471,495]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFE9F72CFF70C4BEBF7DC2A4" bold="true" box="[151,265,472,495]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions of
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFE9F72CFDE3C4B1BC8EC2A4" box="[516,762,471,495]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tropicalis">Phakellia cf. tropicalis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFE9F72CFF78C76CBB21C02B" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<table id="B1B8C445FFE908DCFF78C76CBB21C02B" box="[159,1365,522,864]" gridcols="3" gridrows="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<tr id="7D8834A7FFE908DCFF78C76CBB21C16B" box="[159,1365,522,544]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<th id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFF78C76CBC41C16B" box="[159,565,522,544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Specimen Locality</th>
<th id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFD94C76CBD9DC16B" box="[627,1001,522,544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Strongyles</th>
<th id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFBFAC76CBB21C16B" box="[1053,1365,522,544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Styles</th>
</tr>
<tr id="7D8834A7FFE908DCFF78C752BB21C138" box="[159,1365,564,627]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<th id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFF78C752BC41C138" box="[159,565,564,627]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">ZMA Por. 12218 Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda</th>
<td id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFD94C752BD9DC138" box="[627,1001,564,627]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">429.31068µm (735.7±154.2) x 7.417.7µm (11.4±2.6)</td>
<td id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFBFAC752BB21C138" box="[1053,1365,564,627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">186.41097.1µm (646±249.2) x 624µm (15.6±4.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7D8834A7FFE908DCFF78C7E0BB21C18D" box="[159,1365,646,710]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<th id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFF78C7E0BC41C18D" box="[159,565,646,710]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">ZMA Por. 12268 Solor Strait,. Lesser Sunda</th>
<td id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFD94C7E0BD9DC18D" box="[627,1001,646,710]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">518.61086.4µm (784.2±181.7) [16] x 818.5µm (12.5±2.5) [16]</td>
<td id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFBFAC7E0BB21C18D" box="[1053,1365,646,710]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">249.1707.2µm (401.6±96.9) x 11.118.2µm (14.3±1.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7D8834A7FFE908DCFF78C7BFBB21C1A4" box="[159,1365,729,751]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFF78C7BFBC41C1A4" box="[159,565,729,751]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<taxonomicName id="04B84D66FFE9F72CFF78C7BCBF6CC1A4" box="[159,280,729,751]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="F1CCEAF7FFE9F72CFF78C7BCBF6CC1A4" box="[159,280,729,751]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">P. tropicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="7D8834A7FFE908DCFF78C664BB21C07C" box="[159,1365,770,823]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<th id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFF78C664BC41C07C" box="[159,565,770,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">NTM Z005847 Stevens Rock (holotype)*</th>
<td id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFD94C664BD9DC07C" box="[627,1001,770,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">284.1651.2µm (480.4±105.3) x 3.88.4µm (5.7±1.2)</td>
<td id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFBFAC664BB21C07C" box="[1053,1365,770,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">231.9549.2µm (385.7±82.5) x 7.3430.9µm (29.8±83.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7D8834A7FFE908DCFF78C62CBB21C02B" box="[159,1365,842,864]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<th id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFF78C62CBC41C02B" box="[159,565,842,864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">NTM Z004488* Bynoe Harbour</th>
<td id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFD94C62CBD9DC02B" box="[627,1001,842,864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">222.8670.7µm (435.5±135)</td>
<td id="3E595DDBFFE908DCFBFAC62CBB21C02B" box="[1053,1365,842,864]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">353.9703.6µm (484.6±102.2)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFE9F72CFD93C613BA82C0C1" blockId="15.[159,1363,884,1071]" box="[628,1270,884,906]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
x 3.79.5µm (7±1.6)
<date id="B7061025FFE9F72CFBFAC613BA48C0C1" box="[1053,1084,884,906]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">x 9</date>
16.4µm (13.8±2)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFE9F72CFF78C6F8BB27C0F8" blockId="15.[159,1363,884,1071]" box="[159,1363,925,947]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">NTM Z004463* Wessel Is 293.1800µm (553.4±134.6) 273.6658.2µm (439.6±111.1)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFE9F72CFD93C6A1BB7CC097" blockId="15.[159,1363,884,1071]" box="[628,1288,966,988]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">x 4.48.4µm (6.6±1.1) x 8.316µm (11.2±2.2)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFE9F72CFF78C696BB3CC74D" blockId="15.[159,1363,884,1071]" box="[159,1352,1008,1030]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
QM G312926*
<collectingCountry id="BBAF7675FFE9F72CFE8AC697BC44C74D" box="[365,560,1008,1030]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
277.8696.3µm (476.4±117.6) [24] 239.6490.6µm (343.5±69.5)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFE9F72CFD93C17CBB7AC764" blockId="15.[159,1363,884,1071]" box="[628,1294,1049,1071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">x 4.28.4µm (6.3±1.1) x 5.911.5µm (8.7±1.8)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C30736E5FFE9F72CFF70C136BC5FC72C" blockId="15.[151,555,1104,1127]" box="[151,555,1104,1127]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
*Data from
<bibRefCitation id="A7294B14FFE9F72CFEFFC136BC5FC72C" author="Alvarez" box="[280,555,1104,1127]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" refString="Alvarez, B. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2009) Taxonomic revision of the order Halichondrida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from northern Australia. Family Axinellidae. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 25, 17 - 42." type="journal article" year="2009">Alvarez &amp; Hooper (2009)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>