177 lines
16 KiB
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177 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0a7142d-1eae-4254-b91a-30b70eb9b5ee" ID-PMC="PMC6690523" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-860-183" ID-PubMed="31413657" ID-ZooBank="A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-860-183" checkinTime="1565091121862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth Anne" docDate="2019" docId="370EB1E743253CDB1559F02264B7C069" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 860: 183-306" docOrigin="ZooKeys 860" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" docTitle="Acanella Gray in Wright 1869" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="258" masterDocId="D577415D00092007FFDF4B2B606EFFFB" masterDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="257" updateTime="1668167482081" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>860</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>183</mods:start>
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<mods:end>306</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-860-183</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525285" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:370EB1E743253CDB1559F02264B7C069" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/370EB1E743253CDB1559F02264B7C069" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="74" pageNumber="257">
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<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="257" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="370EB1E743253CDB1559F02264B7C069" authority="Gray in Wright, 1869" authorityName="Gray in Wright" authorityYear="1869" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanella Gray in Wright, 1869</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="257" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanella</taxonomicName>
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Gray in Wright, 1869: 23-26.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" refId="B100" refString="Gray, JE, 1870. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" year="1870">Gray 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 16. Wright in
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<bibRefCitation author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B159" refString="Studer, T, 1887. Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. . Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 53: 1 - 74" title="Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria." volume="53" year="1887">Studer 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 44.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" refId="B146" refString="Nutting, CC, 1910b. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" year="1910 b">Nutting 1910b</bibRefCitation>
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: 14.
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<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="116 - 126" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985624" refId="B125" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1915a. System und Stammesgeschichte der Isididae. . Zoologischer Anzeiger 46: 116 - 126" title="System und Stammesgeschichte der Isididae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985624" volume="46" year="1915 a">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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1915a
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 117, 119;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="74" pageNumber="257" refId="B127">1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 573;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="74" pageNumber="257" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
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: 414.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 243.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="74" pageNumber="257" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: F222; 1981: 941 (key).
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<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="EJ Brill / Dr W Backhuys, Leiden, the Netherlands" pageId="88" pageNumber="271" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1007" refId="B18" refString="Bayer, FM, Stefani, J, 1987a. . https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1007" url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1007" year="1987 a">Bayer and Stefani 1987a</bibRefCitation>
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: 51 (key); 1987b: 941 (key).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isidella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Isidella</taxonomicName>
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Muzik, 1978: 737.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="257" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Mopsea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mopsea arbusculum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbusculum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Mopsea arbusculum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Johnson, 1862.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="257" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">
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Atlantic Ocean, Canada, Nova Scotia, Sable Island, ~
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<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="43.93611">43°56'10"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-59.93611">59°56'10"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 503 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="257" type="type specimen">
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Type specimen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Type</emphasis>
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(status not researched); YPM 4744 [dry]; as
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanella normani" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Acanella normani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1878a, now considered synonymous with
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanella (Mopsea) arbuscula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula" subGenus="Mopsea">Acanella (Mopsea) arbuscula</taxonomicName>
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(Johnson, 1862).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="257" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">No specimens of this genus in collection at SBMNH.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="258" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="258">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="75" pageNumber="258" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="258">Colonies densely or openly bushy, moderate-sized (no more than 20 cm); usually anchored in soft substrates (ooze or fine sand) by lobate, root-like holdfast, in deep water. Colonies generally larger and compressed (to one meter in height) when attached to hard substrates. Internodes white; nodes generally some shade of brown. Branched in whorls (three to six, at least in upper parts) from horny nodes; internodes solid, shorter (up to 2.0 cm). Polyps generally non-retractile, often prominent, columnar; coenenchyme thin. Sclerites of polyps mostly spindles; some flattened blunt rods, with fine prickles or low warts. Larger spindles and/or rods in body wall; sometimes rods conspicuously projecting between bases of tentacles. Small, slightly flattened, sometimes thorny, rods and/or double stars in pharyngeal walls.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="258" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="258">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="258">While members of this genus are commonly referred to as a type of Bamboo coral, no discussion of genus name derivation was found. Genus is listed with accepted status by Cordeiro et al. (2019).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="258" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="258">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="258">Deep water, throughout all oceans, based on an examination of collection records for specimens housed at various institutions (MBARI, NMNH, CAS).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="258" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="258">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="258">
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Verrill (unpublished personal note transcriptions made by Bayer) stated that most of the deep water
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Alcyonaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="258" rank="subclass" subclass="Alcyonaria">Alcyonaria</taxonomicName>
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are bioluminescent; "among the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘phosphorescent’">'phosphorescent'</normalizedToken>
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gorgonians, the abundant deep-sea species,
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanella normani" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="258">Acanella normani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1878 was very
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘phosphorescent.’">'phosphorescent.'</normalizedToken>
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It is also very well protected by sclerites and has a highly developed root-like branching base for anchorage in the deep-sea ooze. This has allowed it to become one of the commonest and most widely diffused of all deep-sea genera."
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="258">
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From examinations of recent deep-water video and digital stills (MBARI), species in this genus are usually seen on a muddy/sandy soft bottom.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanella dispar" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dispar">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="258">Acanella dispar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bayer, 1990 (a species that was described from material taken in Hawaii, and thus, found in the Pacific Ocean) is the only species noted (thus far) that inhabits a hard bottom and has a stout trunk.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="75" pageNumber="258" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="258">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="258">
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Discussion of this genus included as there are reports of unidentified species (noted by MBARI in collection/video records undertaken by them) found north of the California Bight. It is not certain what, if any, species from this genus occur within the Bight, geographically lying some distance south of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="MBARI’s">MBARI's</normalizedToken>
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usual study locations. However, the California Bight has not been fully explored specifically for deeper water gorgonian forms; there is the possibility of species from this genus being found within it.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="75" pageNumber="258">
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27673-4_51" author="Andrews, AH" editor="Freiwald, A" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" refId="B1" refString="Andrews, AH, Cailliet, GM, Kerr, LA, Coale, KH, Lundstrom, C, DeVogelaere, AP, Freiwald, A, Roberts, JM, 2005. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27673-4_51" title="Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27673-4_51" year="2005">Andrews et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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discussed a specimen of this genus collected off San Francisco, California that was used in an age determination study of a gorgonian colony, and MBARI (posting on-line) displayed an image of a specimen, identified to this genus, sighted on Davidson Seamount, at a depth of 1,682 m (photograph taken 28 January 2006). From the MBARI data lists, roughly four specimens collected have been identified to this genus. Several other observations, without collection, have also been recorded in the area extending from southwest of Morro Bay to off the coast of Oregon (lat./long range of 35/36-45°N, 122-130°W). As for the total number of species within this genus, most are from the Atlantic; Cordeiro et al. (2019) in the WoRMS Database list 13 species. CAS has five specimens recorded, three from Japan
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<pageBreakToken pageId="76" pageNumber="259" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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two from USA, Massachusetts, off
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Martha’s">Martha's</normalizedToken>
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Vineyard, while the NMNH has quite a few specimens (~305), from either Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, or Indonesia; however, the vast majority are from the North Atlantic. Pacific Ocean species include the previously mentioned
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. dispar" pageId="76" pageNumber="259" rank="species" species="dispar">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="259">A. dispar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bayer, 1990 as well as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sibogae" pageId="76" pageNumber="259" rank="species" species="sibogae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="259">A. sibogae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Nutting, 1910b and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. weberi" pageId="76" pageNumber="259" rank="species" species="weberi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="259">A. weberi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Nutting, 1910b. Further expeditions, with collection and study, need to be done to determine if species from this genus occur within the California Bight.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |