treatments-xml/data/1D/21/7F/1D217FF0331E5DFEA23A260AD89262AD.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2e2aca7-d96d-4fb3-8d67-bb0a1adcb9e3" ID-PMC="PMC7661483" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-986-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" ID-PubMed="33223879" ID-ZooBank="CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954" ModsDocID="1313-2970-986-1" checkinTime="1604647765603" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hrivniak, Ľubos, Sroka, Pavel, Bojkova, Jindriska &amp; Godunko, Roman J." docDate="2020" docId="1D217FF0331E5DFEA23A260AD89262AD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 986: 1-53" docOrigin="ZooKeys 986" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276" docTitle="Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" masterDocTitle="Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169768372" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hrivniak, Ľubos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic &amp; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sroka, Pavel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bojkova, Jindriska</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Godunko, Roman J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">godunko@seznam.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>986</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-986-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168815731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D217FF0331E5DFEA23A260AD89262AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D217FF0331E5DFEA23A260AD89262AD" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="1D217FF0-331E-5DFE-A23A-260AD89262AD" authority="(Braasch &amp; Zimmerman, 1979)" baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Zimmerman" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinitshenkovae" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae (Braasch &amp; Zimmerman, 1979)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471946" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 24</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F, G middle leg in dorsal view H abdominal terga (arrows point on anterolateral spots) I abdominal sterna II-VI J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471947" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 25</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of slightly widened elongated seta F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view M sternum IX of female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471948" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 26</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Iron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iron sinitshenkovae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinitshenkovae">Iron sinitshenkovae</taxonomicName>
Braasch &amp; Zimmermann, 1979
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Zimmerman" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Iron) sinitshenkovae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinitshenkovae" subGenus="Iron">Epeorus (Iron) sinitshenkovae</taxonomicName>
(Braasch &amp; Zimmermann, 1979); in 
<bibRefCitation author="Kluge, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B29" refString="Kluge, NJ, 1995. A catalogue of the type-specimens in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Insecta: Ephemeroptera. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg" title="A catalogue of the type-specimens in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Insecta: Ephemeroptera." year="1995">Kluge (1995)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Zimmerman" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinitshenkovae" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae</taxonomicName>
(Braasch &amp; Zimmermann, 1979); in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0872-3" author="Kluge, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Springer, Dordrecht" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B32" refString="Kluge, NJ, 2004. The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Springer, Dordrecht, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0872-3" title="The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0872-3" year="2004">Kluge (2004)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Russia, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, central Greater Caucasus, right tributary of Dongoserun (Donguz-Orun-Baksan) River (2100 m a.s.l.).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Georgia, south-western Russia. Species endemic to the Greater Caucasus (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471946" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Larvae inhabit small streams and rivers at middle and high altitude in the western and central Greater Caucasus. Altitudinal range of sampling sites 760-2580 m a.s.l. (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471946" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
). Most frequently found above 1800 m a.s.l. Often syntopic with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) alpestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="alpestris" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) alpestris</taxonomicName>
and at lower altitude with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) soldani" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="soldani" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) soldani</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="main morphological diagnostics of larvae">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Main morphological diagnostics of larvae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(i) abdominal terga V-VII with narrowed triangular medial macula and a pair of anterolateral spots (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F, G middle leg in dorsal view H abdominal terga (arrows point on anterolateral spots) I abdominal sterna II-VI J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471947" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25H</figureCitation>
; arrows); (ii) abdominal sterna without coloration pattern (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F, G middle leg in dorsal view H abdominal terga (arrows point on anterolateral spots) I abdominal sterna II-VI J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471947" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25B, I</figureCitation>
); (iii) femora without medial hypodermal spot (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F, G middle leg in dorsal view H abdominal terga (arrows point on anterolateral spots) I abdominal sterna II-VI J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471947" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25F, G</figureCitation>
); (iv) gill plates VII (in natural position from ventral view) narrow (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F, G middle leg in dorsal view H abdominal terga (arrows point on anterolateral spots) I abdominal sterna II-VI J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471947" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of slightly widened elongated seta F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view M sternum IX of female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471948" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26H-K</figureCitation>
); (v) gill plates III with poorly developed projection (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of slightly widened elongated seta F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view M sternum IX of female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471948" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26G</figureCitation>
); (vi) setae on abdominal terga not distinctly wide at base, often elongated (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of slightly widened elongated seta F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view M sternum IX of female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471948" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26E</figureCitation>
); (vii) tergum X without postero-lateral projections (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of slightly widened elongated seta F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view M sternum IX of female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471948" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomy</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Original description based on male imago and larva from the Greater Caucasus (
<bibRefCitation author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="103 - 107" refId="B13" refString="Braasch, D, Zimmermann, W, 1979. Iron sinitshenkovae sp.n. - eine neue Heptageniide (Ephemeroptera) aus dem Kaukasus. Entomologische Nachrichten 23: 103 - 107" title="Iron sinitshenkovae sp. n. - eine neue Heptageniide (Ephemeroptera) aus dem Kaukasus." volume="23" year="1979">Braasch and Zimmermann 1979</bibRefCitation>
). The type series is currently deposited in SMNS. Female imago not described in detail. The association of imagines and larvae based on the colour pattern of abdominal terga and sterna in material from the same locality.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471946" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 24.</emphasis>
Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Zimmerman" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinitshenkovae" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471947" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Zimmerman" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinitshenkovae" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae</taxonomicName>
, larva: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habitus in dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
habitus in ventral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
habitus in lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
head of male in dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
head of female in dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
middle leg in dorsal view H abdominal terga (arrows point on anterolateral spots) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
abdominal sterna II-VI 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
gills VII (in natural position from ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471948" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Zimmerman" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinitshenkovae" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae</taxonomicName>
, larva: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
incisors of left mandible 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
incisors of right mandible 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
setae on dorsal surface of femora 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of slightly widened elongated seta 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
gill I 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
gill III 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
gill VII (flattened on slide) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I-K</emphasis>
gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
sternum IX of female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>