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<mods:title id="769B665170EA58E5431EC7F59FE31024">The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Ecuador including the description of five new species, a new subtribe, four new synonymies, and fifteen new records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="17D22794ACF55D52E682ACB92BC62063">Sanborn, Allen F.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BC8369AFFF5FFDDFF3B76AFD248F8D6" blockId="13.[151,600,1790,1817]" box="[151,600,1790,1817]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D08081F6FFF5FFDDFF3B76AFD248F8D6" box="[151,600,1790,1817]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF5FFDDFF3B76AFD248F8D6" ID-CoL="7GDLN" authority="Walker, 1858" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,600,1790,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdula">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF5FFDDFF3B76AFD18DF8D7" box="[151,413,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zammara smaragdula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF5FFDDFE0876AFD248F8D6" author="Walker, F." box="[420,600,1790,1817]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref76033" refString="Walker, F. (1858 b) Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq. Homoptera. John van Voorts, London, 117 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5112" type="book" year="1858">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF5FFDDFE0876AFD248F8D6" bold="true" box="[420,600,1790,1817]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Walker, 1858b</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BC8369AFFF5FFDDFF3B7714D2CDF895" blockId="13.[151,733,1859,1914]" box="[151,733,1859,1883]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6711B4FFF5FFDDFF3B7714D2CDF895" box="[151,733,1859,1883]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD6108BFFF5FFDDFF3B7714D23AF895" author="Walker, F." box="[151,554,1859,1883]" page="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1858">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF5FFDDFF3B7714D23AF895" ID-CoL="7GDLN" authority="Walker, 1858" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,554,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdula">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF5FFDDFF3B7714D169F895" box="[151,377,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zammara smaragdula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF5FFDDFED37713D23AF895" author="Walker, F." box="[383,554,1859,1883]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref76033" refString="Walker, F. (1858 b) Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq. Homoptera. John van Voorts, London, 117 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5112" type="book" year="1858">Walker 1858b: 4</bibRefCitation>
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. (South America)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8369AFFF5FFDDFF3B7733D2C6F8B4" blockId="13.[151,733,1859,1914]" box="[151,726,1890,1914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6711B4FFF5FFDDFF3B7733D2C6F8B4" box="[151,726,1890,1914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF5FFDDFF3B7733D168F8B4" ID-CoL="7GDKW" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,376,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calochroma">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF5FFDDFF3B7733D168F8B4" box="[151,376,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zammara calochroma</emphasis>
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(non Walker)
<treatmentCitation id="0AD6108BFFF5FFDDFDA67732D2BAF8B4" author="Goding, F. W." box="[522,682,1890,1914]" page="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF5FFDDFDA67732D2BAF8B4" author="Goding, F. W." box="[522,682,1890,1914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref70044" refString="Goding, F. W. (1925) Synopsis of the Cicadidae of Ecuador. Revista del Colegio Nacional Rocafuerte, 7, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1925">Goding 1925: 6</bibRefCitation>
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, 15.
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<subSubSection id="C36D6511FFF5FFDEFF3B77F9D532FE8F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC8369AFFF5FFDEFF3B77F9D532FE8F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1960,2023]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,825]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
REMARKS.—This is one of the small species of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF5FFDDFD3677F9D317F80C" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[666,775,1961,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF5FFDDFD3677F9D317F80C" box="[666,775,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zammara</emphasis>
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with a body length less than
<quantity id="4C8F9B7FFFF5FFDDFBE477F8D489F80D" box="[1096,1177,1960,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
. It can be distinguished from the other small species,
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF5FFDDFE4C779DD292F828" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[480,642,1996,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calochroma">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF5FFDDFE4C779DD292F828" box="[480,642,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. calochroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and small females of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF5FFDDFC2C779DD433F828" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1850" box="[896,1059,1996,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF5FFDDFC2C779DD433F828" box="[896,1059,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. smaragdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), by the apical fore wing infusca- tion only in apical cell 1 and the absence of a large band of infuscation traversing the fore wings across the crossveins in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF6FFDEFF5470EBD274FF18" authority="(Goemans 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Goemans" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[248,612,187,214]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdula">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF6FFDEFF5470EBD18CFF1B" box="[248,412,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. smaragdula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF6FFDEFE0770EBD24CFF18" author="Goemans, G." box="[427,604,187,214]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref70072" refString="Goemans, G. (2016) The classification and phylogeny of the Neotropical cicada tribe Zammarini (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) and a revision of its type genus Zammara Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1843 and its sister genus Zammaralna Boulard &amp; Sueur, 1996. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 206 pp." type="book" year="2016">Goemans 2016</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF6FFDEFDC370EBD33CFF18" author="Goemans, G." box="[623,812,187,214]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref70072" refString="Goemans, G. (2016) The classification and phylogeny of the Neotropical cicada tribe Zammarini (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) and a revision of its type genus Zammara Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1843 and its sister genus Zammaralna Boulard &amp; Sueur, 1996. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 206 pp." type="book" year="2016">Goemans (2016)</bibRefCitation>
plotted the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF6FFDEFBF770EBD58CFF1B" authority="Walker, 1858" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[1115,1436,186,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calochroma">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF6FFDEFBF770EBD4EFFF1B" box="[1115,1279,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. calochroma</emphasis>
Walker, 1858
</taxonomicName>
and showed that Ecuadorian records are actually
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF6FFDEFD1B708FD34AFF37" baseAuthorityName="Goemans" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[695,858,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdula">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF6FFDEFD1B708FD34AFF37" box="[695,858,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. smaragdula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species the
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF6FFDEFC55708FD48DFF37" author="Goding, F. W." box="[1017,1181,222,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref70044" refString="Goding, F. W. (1925) Synopsis of the Cicadidae of Ecuador. Revista del Colegio Nacional Rocafuerte, 7, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1925">Goding (1925)</bibRefCitation>
considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF6FFDEFF197153D148FED3" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[181,344,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calochroma">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF6FFDEFF197153D148FED3" box="[181,344,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. calochroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when he reported the species from
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFF6FFDEFD487153D354FED3" box="[740,836,259,285]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. In addition, the characters used in the key by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF6FFDEFAE47153D0F2FE8F" author="Goding, F. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref70044" refString="Goding, F. W. (1925) Synopsis of the Cicadidae of Ecuador. Revista del Colegio Nacional Rocafuerte, 7, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1925">Goding (1925)</bibRefCitation>
to distinguish his species describe
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF6FFDEFDC77177D31FFE8F" baseAuthorityName="Goemans" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[619,783,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdula">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF6FFDEFDC77177D31FFE8F" box="[619,783,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. smaragdula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than actual specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFF6FFDEFBD57177D50CFE8F" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[1145,1308,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Zammara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calochroma">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF6FFDEFBD57177D50CFE8F" box="[1145,1308,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. calochroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D6511FFF6FFDEFF6B711BD0C8FE3B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC8369AFFF6FFDEFF6B711BD0C8FE3B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
DISTRIBUTION.—The species has been reported from
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFF6FFDEFCA1711BD372FEAB" box="[781,866,331,357]" name="Bolivia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFF6FFDEFCC1711BD3A4FEAB" box="[877,948,331,357]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFF6FFDEFC6C711BD42CFEAB" box="[960,1084,331,357]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFF6FFDEFBEB711BD4A8FEAB" box="[1095,1208,331,357]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFF6FFDEFB68711BD533FEAB" box="[1220,1315,331,357]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFF6FFDEFA82711BD0BEFE47" name="Guatemala" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFF6FFDEFF15713FD101FE47" box="[185,273,367,393]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFF6FFDEFEB7713FD167FE47" box="[283,375,367,393]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Panama</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFF6FFDEFE1C713FD233FE47" box="[432,547,367,393]" name="Venezuela" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF6FFDEFD9C713FD2C7FE47" author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[560,727,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 585" refId="ref71633" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 a) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section I. Tibiceninae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, i-vii + 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1963">Metcalf 1963a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF6FFDEFD4E713FD43AFE47" author="Duffels, J. P. &amp; van der Laan, P. A." box="[738,1066,366,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref69806" refString="Duffels, J. P. &amp; van der Laan, P. A. (1985) Catalogue of the Cicadoidea (Homoptera, Auchenorhyncha) 1956 - 1980. Series Entomologica 34. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrect, 414 pp." type="book" year="1985">Duffels &amp; van der Laan 1985</bibRefCitation>
; Maccagnan
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFF6FFDEFB10713FD4E4FE47" box="[1212,1268,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
2011; Sanborn 2013; 2014a; 2018c; 2019b;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF6FFDEFE7071C3D29AFE60" author="Goemans, G." box="[476,650,403,430]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref70072" refString="Goemans, G. (2016) The classification and phylogeny of the Neotropical cicada tribe Zammarini (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) and a revision of its type genus Zammara Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1843 and its sister genus Zammaralna Boulard &amp; Sueur, 1996. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 206 pp." type="book" year="2016">Goemans 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF6FFDEFD3171C3D353FE63" author="Goding, F. W." box="[669,835,402,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref70044" refString="Goding, F. W. (1925) Synopsis of the Cicadidae of Ecuador. Revista del Colegio Nacional Rocafuerte, 7, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1925">Goding (1925)</bibRefCitation>
reported the species from the environs of Quayaquil, Guayas province and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFF6FFDEFE2771E7D256FE1C" author="Goemans, G." box="[395,582,439,466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref70072" refString="Goemans, G. (2016) The classification and phylogeny of the Neotropical cicada tribe Zammarini (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) and a revision of its type genus Zammara Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1843 and its sister genus Zammaralna Boulard &amp; Sueur, 1996. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 206 pp." type="book" year="2016">Goemans (2016)</bibRefCitation>
reported specimens from Esmeraldas, Nalo,
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, and Sucumbios provinces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BACACE0FFF6FFDEFDC57273D31CFDF3" box="[617,780,547,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Orellana Prov.</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectorName id="2682534CFFF6FFDEFE8D7217D1B4FDAF" box="[289,420,583,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. Gimmel</collectorName>
/ at large //
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“FERN BANE /
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/
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/
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(
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;
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Provincia / de Francisco de
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/
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/
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;
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/
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,
<collectorName id="2682534CFFF6FFDEFBFF72DFD4A9FD67" box="[1107,1209,655,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D Chang</collectorName>
” (
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Provincia / de Francisco de
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/
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;
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,
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” one
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;
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//
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<collectingDate id="EF8DE9B2FFF6FFDEFCE372AAD3F0FCDB" box="[847,992,762,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2005-04-26">26IV2005</collectingDate>
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;
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/
<collectorName id="2682534CFFF6FFDEFBD772ABD530FCDB" box="[1147,1312,763,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N Nazdrowicz</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="2682534CFFF6FFDEFA8772ABD583FCDB" box="[1323,1427,763,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D Chang</collectorName>
” one
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(
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).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>