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<mods:title id="4D0D9C7F039E06C8258A2530271ED3D2">Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C59EAD25E79E34EDF5AE9D2B98CF42E1">Karar, Yasser F. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BE52B393B9A4742D660865E05DC1D8B2">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, New Valley University, Kharga, New Valley, Egypt. &amp; Research Associate, Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Ecology &amp; Conservation Biology, College of Agriculture &amp; Life Sciences, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7860265BDA623782707DA4B64B0C3A4A">Blend, Charles K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EC79C2C809BB739F4D9F3BD7AE354703">Laboratory of Parasitology, Biodiversity Research &amp; Teaching Collection, Department of Ecology &amp; Conservation Biology, College of Agriculture &amp; Life Sciences, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U. S. A. &amp; The Schubot Center for Avian Health, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U. S. A</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="6E5B321FFFBBFFD674ECFADCC1A4FCB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7937339" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209622421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7937339" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E5B321FFFBBFFD674ECFADCC1A4FCB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E5B321FFFBBFFD674ECFADCC1A4FCB2" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">
<subSubSection id="AEE8D082FFBBFFE874ECFADCC1CAFADE" box="[151,1273,1338,1365]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E64D8309FFBBFFE874ECFADCC1CAFADE" blockId="30.[151,1273,1338,1401]" box="[151,1273,1338,1365]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">
<heading id="BD053465FFBBFFE874ECFADCC1CAFADE" bold="true" box="[151,1273,1338,1365]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE874ECFADCC1CAFADE" bold="true" box="[151,1273,1338,1365]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE874ECFADCC150FADF" ID-CoL="30007b8a-de46-4f28-bf25-2357d23a7ed8" baseAuthorityName="Wang" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[151,1123,1338,1365]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE874ECFADCC747FADE" bold="true" box="[151,628,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Pseudoparamacroderoides pseudobagri</emphasis>
(Wang in
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE87698FADDC168FADF" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[739,1115,1338,1365]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">Wang, Zhao, Chen &amp; Tao, 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
n. comb.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AEE8D082FFBBFFD674ECFAB9C1A4FCB2" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" type="description">
<paragraph id="E64D8309FFBBFFE874ECFAB9C5CAFAF2" blockId="30.[151,1273,1338,1401]" box="[151,249,1374,1401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">
(
<figureCitation id="7EC99F8CFFBBFFE874E4FAB9C5C2FAF2" box="[159,241,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 &amp; 25" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[270,1305,196,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-19@31.[266,1322,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 24 &amp; 25. Pseudoparamacroderoides dongthapensis Truong, Curran &amp; Bullard in Truong, Curran, Dutton &amp; Bullard, 2021 and Pseudoparamacroderoides pseudobagri (Wang in Wang, Zhao, Chen &amp; Tao, 1983) n. comb. 24. P. dongthapensis, ventral view, redrawn Truong et al. (2021, fig. 1). 25. P. pseudobagri (syn. Gauhatiana pseudobagri Wang in Wang, Zhao, Chen &amp; Tao, 1983), ventral view, redrawn from Wang et al. (1983, fig. 4). Abbreviations:AT, anterior testis; BS, body spines; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; ED, ejaculatory duct; Eg, egg; EP, excretory pore; Es, esophagus; EV, excretory vesicle; GP, genital pore; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VD, vitelline duct; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 24 = 500 µm; Fig. 25 = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929537/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E64D8309FFBBFFE874ECFA45C644FA51" blockId="30.[151,1436,1443,1498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">
(Syns.
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE874A5FA45C4E2FA30" authorityName="Karar, Blend, Dronen &amp; Adel" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wang in Wang, Zhao, Chen &amp; Tao" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[222,465,1443,1467]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE874A5FA45C4E2FA30" box="[222,465,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Astiotrema pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Wang in
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE87641FA42C64CFA30" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[570,895,1443,1468]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">Wang, Zhao, Chen &amp; Tao, 1983</bibRefCitation>
]
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE877F0FA42C1C5FA30" author="Karar, Y. F. M. &amp; Blend, C. K. &amp; Dronen, N. P. &amp; Adel, A." box="[907,1270,1443,1467]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="36 - 72" refId="ref36803" refString="Karar, Y. F. M., Blend, C. K., Dronen, N. P. &amp; Adel, A. (2021) Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900: An updated concept and revision of species composition for Astiotrema (sensu stricto). Zootaxa, 4991 (1), 36 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4991.1.2" type="journal article" year="2021">Karar, Blend, Dronen &amp; Adel, 2021</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87087FA45C071FA30" bold="true" box="[1276,1346,1443,1467]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFB5E260FFBBFFE87087FA45C071FA30" box="[1276,1346,1443,1467]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE87134FA45C4F2FA51" authority="Wang" authorityName="Wang" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Gauhatiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87134FA45C4B2FA51" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Gauhatiana pseudobagri</emphasis>
Wang
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE8759AFA24C617FA51" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[481,804,1474,1498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">Wang, Zhao, Chen &amp; Tao, 1983</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87752FA24C643FA51" bold="true" box="[809,880,1474,1498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFB5E260FFBBFFE87752FA24C643FA51" box="[809,880,1474,1498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E64D8309FFBBFFE874ECF9EEC4C3F9A9" blockId="30.[151,1437,1544,2039]" box="[151,496,1544,1571]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE874ECF9EEC5C6F9A9" bold="true" box="[151,245,1544,1570]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Record.</emphasis>
1.
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE87563F9EFC4DEF9A9" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[280,493,1544,1571]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">
Wang
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87524F9EFC4A2F9A9" box="[351,401,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. (1983)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E64D8309FFBBFFD674BCF9CAC77EFF72" blockId="30.[151,1437,1544,2039]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,151,825]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">
As previously mentioned,
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE8758EF9CBC7FFF9CD" author="Karar, Y. F. M. &amp; Blend, C. K. &amp; Dronen, N. P. &amp; Adel, A." box="[501,716,1580,1607]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="36 - 72" refId="ref36803" refString="Karar, Y. F. M., Blend, C. K., Dronen, N. P. &amp; Adel, A. (2021) Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900: An updated concept and revision of species composition for Astiotrema (sensu stricto). Zootaxa, 4991 (1), 36 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4991.1.2" type="journal article" year="2021">
Karar
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87645F9CBC742F9CD" box="[574,625,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
re-assigned
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE87726F9CAC13DF9CD" box="[861,1038,1580,1607]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Gauhatiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87726F9CAC642F9CD" box="[861,881,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE877F9F9CAC13DF9CD" box="[898,1038,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE87037F9CAC1F5F9CD" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[1100,1222,1580,1606]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87037F9CAC1F5F9CD" box="[1100,1222,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Astiotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE87094F9CAC0AFF9CD" box="[1263,1436,1580,1607]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Gauhatiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87094F9CAC033F9CD" box="[1263,1280,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE8716BF9CAC0AFF9CD" box="[1296,1436,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on its lack of one of the key characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE87692F9B6C65CF9E1" authorityName="Gupta" authorityYear="1953" box="[745,879,1616,1642]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Gauhatiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87692F9B6C65CF9E1" box="[745,879,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Gauhatiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, vitellarium divided into two separate clusters on each side of the body. Furthermore,
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE8764BF993C631F905" author="Karar, Y. F. M. &amp; Blend, C. K. &amp; Dronen, N. P. &amp; Adel, A." box="[560,770,1652,1679]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="36 - 72" refId="ref36803" refString="Karar, Y. F. M., Blend, C. K., Dronen, N. P. &amp; Adel, A. (2021) Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900: An updated concept and revision of species composition for Astiotrema (sensu stricto). Zootaxa, 4991 (1), 36 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4991.1.2" type="journal article" year="2021">
Karar
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE8760CF993C79AF905" box="[631,681,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE877F0F992C104F905" box="[907,1079,1652,1679]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Gauhatiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE877F0F992C6AFF905" box="[907,924,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE877D0F992C104F905" box="[939,1079,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE874ECF97EC417F939" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Looss" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[151,292,1688,1715]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reniferum">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE874ECF97EC59BF939" box="[151,168,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE874CCF97EC417F939" box="[183,292,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">reniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE87548F97FC735F939" author="Karar, Y. F. M. &amp; Blend, C. K. &amp; Dronen, N. P. &amp; Adel, A." box="[307,518,1688,1715]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="36 - 72" refId="ref36803" refString="Karar, Y. F. M., Blend, C. K., Dronen, N. P. &amp; Adel, A. (2021) Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900: An updated concept and revision of species composition for Astiotrema (sensu stricto). Zootaxa, 4991 (1), 36 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4991.1.2" type="journal article" year="2021">
Karar
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87500F97FC49EF939" box="[379,429,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
did not specify the presence of an I-shaped excretory vesicle in the specimens of
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE874ECF95BC458F95D" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[151,363,1724,1751]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">
Wang
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE8749BF95BC421F95D" box="[224,274,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. (1983)
</bibRefCitation>
illustrated in the original description (see
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE87732F95BC13EF95D" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[841,1037,1724,1751]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">
Wang
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE877E9F95BC6F7F95D" box="[914,964,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. 1983
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4). As a result of the problematic state of the specimens of
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE87590F906C7E6F971" author="Kumari, N. V. &amp; Srivastava, C. B. &amp; Chauhan B. S." box="[491,725,1760,1787]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 323" refId="ref37226" refString="Kumari, N. V., Srivastava, C. B. &amp; Chauhan B. S. (1972) Redescription of Astiotrema reniferum (Looss, 1898) Looss, 1900 with comments on the status of the genus Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta &amp; Agarwal, 1968 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 67, 315 - 323." type="journal article" year="1972">
Kumari
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87633F907C748F971" box="[584,635,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. (1972)
</bibRefCitation>
(discussed earlier), in particular, the variation of the excretory vesicle shape from I-shaped to Y-shaped with intermediate phases,
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE87706F8E3C178F895" author="Karar, Y. F. M. &amp; Blend, C. K. &amp; Dronen, N. P. &amp; Adel, A." box="[893,1099,1796,1823]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="36 - 72" refId="ref36803" refString="Karar, Y. F. M., Blend, C. K., Dronen, N. P. &amp; Adel, A. (2021) Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900: An updated concept and revision of species composition for Astiotrema (sensu stricto). Zootaxa, 4991 (1), 36 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4991.1.2" type="journal article" year="2021">
Karar
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE877B8F8E3C6C0F895" box="[963,1011,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
did not emphasize this feature as one of the variables subject to intraspecific variation. Furthermore, species of
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE87042F8CEC180F8C9" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[1081,1203,1832,1858]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87042F8CEC180F8C9" box="[1081,1203,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Astiotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE870BDF8CFC066F8C9" box="[1222,1365,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">sensu stricto</emphasis>
) have been recorded within the intestine of a wide variety of host groups including some freshwater fishes. However, no freshwater bagrid catfish has been reported as a host for any taxa of
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE877B8F896C10EF801" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[963,1085,1904,1930]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE877B8F896C10EF801" box="[963,1085,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Astiotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except for the disputed reports of
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE874CDF872C4ACF825" author="Kumari, N. V. &amp; Srivastava, C. B. &amp; Chauhan B. S." box="[182,415,1940,1967]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 323" refId="ref37226" refString="Kumari, N. V., Srivastava, C. B. &amp; Chauhan B. S. (1972) Redescription of Astiotrema reniferum (Looss, 1898) Looss, 1900 with comments on the status of the genus Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta &amp; Agarwal, 1968 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 67, 315 - 323." type="journal article" year="1972">
Kumari
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE8756FF873C475F825" box="[276,326,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. (1972)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE875ACF873C79DF825" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[471,686,1940,1967]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">
Wang
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87664F873C762F825" box="[543,593,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. (1983)
</bibRefCitation>
. The earlier specimens of
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE877ACF872C157F825" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Looss" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[983,1124,1940,1966]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reniferum">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE877ACF872C157F825" box="[983,1124,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">A. reniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE870F0F872C047F825" author="Kumari, N. V. &amp; Srivastava, C. B. &amp; Chauhan B. S." box="[1163,1396,1940,1967]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 323" refId="ref37226" refString="Kumari, N. V., Srivastava, C. B. &amp; Chauhan B. S. (1972) Redescription of Astiotrema reniferum (Looss, 1898) Looss, 1900 with comments on the status of the genus Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta &amp; Agarwal, 1968 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 67, 315 - 323." type="journal article" year="1972">
Kumari
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87093F873C029F825" box="[1256,1306,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. (1972)
</bibRefCitation>
we now recognize as
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE8751DF85FC4C0F859" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[358,499,1976,2003]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seenghali">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE8751DF85FC444F859" box="[358,375,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE875F3F85EC4C0F859" box="[392,499,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">seenghali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our findings indicate the specimens of
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBBFFE877BDF85FC1AEF859" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[966,1181,1976,2003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">
Wang
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE8706BF85FC170F859" box="[1040,1091,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. (1983)
</bibRefCitation>
are neither a taxon of
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE874ECF83AC422F87D" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,273,2012,2038]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE874ECF83AC422F87D" box="[151,273,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Astiotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE8753DF83AC4FFF87D" authorityName="Gupta" authorityYear="1953" box="[326,460,2012,2038]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Gauhatiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE8753DF83AC4FFF87D" box="[326,460,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Gauhatiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but belong to
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBBFFE87609F83AC6ACF87D" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[626,927,2012,2038]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="30" pageNumber="475" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBBFFE87609F83AC6ACF87D" box="[626,927,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="475">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on their high similarity to the features within the generic diagnosis of the latter, particularly, in having an I-shaped excretory vesicle, a common host group (freshwater bagrid catfishes; i.e., the yellow catfish,
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD6769EFF5DC6EDFF5E" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[741,990,187,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Tachysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvidraco">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD6769EFF5DC6EDFF5E" box="[741,990,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">Tachysurus fulvidraco</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and a shared geographical distribution (Southeast Asia; Hongze Lake,
<collectingCountry id="9EE5C399FF85FFD67582FF39C772FF72" box="[505,577,223,249]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">China</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B28DD381FFBAFFE974ECF91DC002F860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7929537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929537/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="476" startId="31.[151,264,1787,1811]" targetBox="[270,1305,196,1746]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E64D8309FFBAFFE974ECF91DC002F860" blockId="31.[151,1436,1787,2027]" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE974ECF91DC455F898" bold="true" box="[151,358,1787,1811]" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">FIGURES 24 &amp; 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBAFFE97517F91DC12CF898" authority="Truong, Curran &amp; Bullard" authorityName="Truong, Curran &amp; Bullard" box="[364,1055,1787,1811]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="31" pageNumber="476" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongthapensis">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE97517F91DC627F898" box="[364,788,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">Pseudoparamacroderoides dongthapensis</emphasis>
Truong, Curran &amp; Bullard
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBAFFE97046F91DC5F9F8BC" author="Truong, T. N. &amp; Curran, S. S. &amp; Dutton, H. R. &amp; Bullard, S. A." pageId="31" pageNumber="476" pagination="697 - 711" refId="ref40618" refString="Truong, T. N., Curran, S. S., Dutton, H. R. &amp; Bullard, S. A. (2021) Resurrection and emendation of Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta &amp; Agrawal, 1968 (Digenea: Macroderoididae), description of a new species from Vietnam, and comments on the systematics of macroderoidid genera. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 697 - 711. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 021 - 10006 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">Truong, Curran, Dutton &amp; Bullard, 2021</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBAFFE97485F8F9C7A6F8BC" box="[254,661,1823,1847]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="31" pageNumber="476" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE97485F8F9C7A6F8BC" box="[254,661,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">Pseudoparamacroderoides pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wang in
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBAFFE9777AF8F9C178F8BC" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[769,1099,1823,1847]" pageId="31" pageNumber="476" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">Wang, Zhao, Chen &amp; Tao, 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE97021F8F9C1ECF8BC" bold="true" box="[1114,1247,1823,1847]" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">n. comb. 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBAFFE9709DF8C6C0A5F8BC" box="[1254,1430,1823,1847]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="31" pageNumber="476" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongthapensis">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE9709DF8C6C1C6F8BC" box="[1254,1269,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE9717FF8F9C0A5F8BC" box="[1284,1430,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">dongthapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view, redrawn
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBAFFE9750DF8A5C70AF8D0" author="Truong, T. N. &amp; Curran, S. S. &amp; Dutton, H. R. &amp; Bullard, S. A." box="[374,569,1859,1883]" pageId="31" pageNumber="476" pagination="697 - 711" refId="ref40618" refString="Truong, T. N., Curran, S. S., Dutton, H. R. &amp; Bullard, S. A. (2021) Resurrection and emendation of Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta &amp; Agrawal, 1968 (Digenea: Macroderoididae), description of a new species from Vietnam, and comments on the systematics of macroderoidid genera. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 697 - 711. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 021 - 10006 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">
Truong
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE975BEF8A2C4C3F8D0" box="[453,496,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">et al</emphasis>
. (2021
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1).
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE976F0F8A5C798F8D0" bold="true" box="[651,683,1859,1883]" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBAFFE976CBF8A2C679F8D0" box="[688,842,1859,1883]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="31" pageNumber="476" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE976CBF8A2C78CF8D0" box="[688,703,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE976B0F8A5C679F8D0" box="[715,842,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(syn.
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFBAFFE977FDF8A5C1F0F8D0" authority="Wang" authorityName="Wang" box="[902,1219,1859,1883]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Gauhatiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="31" pageNumber="476" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE977FDF8A5C1B7F8D0" box="[902,1156,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">Gauhatiana pseudobagri</emphasis>
Wang
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBAFFE9709AF8A5C42BF8F4" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." pageId="31" pageNumber="476" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">Wang, Zhao, Chen &amp; Tao, 1983</bibRefCitation>
), ventral view, redrawn from
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFBAFFE97639F881C7CBF8F4" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[578,760,1895,1919]" pageId="31" pageNumber="476" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">
Wang
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFBAFFE976F9F88EC79DF8F4" box="[642,686,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="476">et al</emphasis>
. (1983
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; BS, body spines; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; ED, ejaculatory duct; Eg, egg; EP, excretory pore; Es, esophagus; EV, excretory vesicle; GP, genital pore; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VD, vitelline duct; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 24 = 500 µm; Fig. 25 = 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E64D8309FF85FFD674BCFEE5C1A4FCB2" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">
Specimens of
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF85FFD6751EFEE5C706FE96" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[357,565,259,285]" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">
Wang
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD675D7FEE5C4EEFE96" box="[428,477,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">et al</emphasis>
. (1983)
</bibRefCitation>
can be easily differentiated from the two recognized taxa within
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD67177FEE5C40EFECA" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD67177FEE5C40EFECA" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD67535FEC1C723FECA" box="[334,528,295,321]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongthapensis">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD67535FEC1C46CFECB" box="[334,351,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD67515FEC1C723FECA" box="[366,528,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">dongthapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD67633FEC1C7E1FECA" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[584,722,295,321]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seenghali">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD67633FEC1C76AFECB" box="[584,601,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD6761CFEC1C7E1FECA" box="[615,722,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">seenghali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by the following features: i) an indistinct or absent esophagus
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD674ECFEADC59DFEEF" box="[151,174,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">vs</emphasis>
a short to moderately long one in
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD6764AFEADC7C0FEEE" box="[561,755,331,357]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongthapensis">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD6764AFEADC771FEEF" box="[561,578,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD6762AFEADC7C0FEEE" box="[593,755,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">dongthapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD67751FEADC687FEEE" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[810,948,331,357]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seenghali">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD67751FEADC608FEEF" box="[810,827,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD67732FEADC687FEEE" box="[841,948,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">seenghali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; ii) a forebody less than 1/4 of body length
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD674ECFE89C59DFE03" box="[151,174,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">vs</emphasis>
larger values in
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD67516FE89C71CFE02" box="[365,559,367,393]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongthapensis">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD67516FE89C44DFE03" box="[365,382,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD675F6FE89C71CFE02" box="[397,559,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">dongthapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD6761CFE89C7C1FE02" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[615,754,367,393]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seenghali">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD6761CFE89C74BFE03" box="[615,632,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD676FCFE89C7C1FE02" box="[647,754,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">seenghali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; iii) tandem testes
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD677B0FE89C6D1FE03" box="[971,994,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">vs</emphasis>
oblique or nearly opposite testes; iv) a cirrus-pouch predominantly dorsal to ventral sucker and extending into hindbody about 1/2 the distance between ventral sucker and ovary
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD675D5FE51C4F6FE5B" box="[430,453,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">vs</emphasis>
a cirrus-pouch predominantly lateral to ventral sucker and that can extend into hindbody to ovary; v) a median ovary distinctly separated by a long distance from ventral sucker
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD67016FE3DC1B7FE7F" box="[1133,1156,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">vs</emphasis>
a submedian ovary, posterolateral to ventral sucker or abutting it; vi) a seminal receptacle anteromedian to ovary
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD670FCFE19C1ADFD93" box="[1159,1182,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">vs</emphasis>
either dextral or sinistral, posteromedian or median to ovary in
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD6760DFDC5C60BFDB6" box="[630,824,547,573]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongthapensis">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD6760DFDC5C7B4FDB7" box="[630,647,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD676EDFDC5C60BFDB6" box="[662,824,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">dongthapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD6770BFDC5C6C8FDB6" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[880,1019,547,573]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seenghali">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD6770BFDC5C6B2FDB7" box="[880,897,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD677EBFDC5C6C8FDB6" box="[912,1019,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">seenghali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; vii) larger egg size (3639 × 2122 μm)
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD674B0FDA1C5D1FDEB" box="[203,226,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">vs</emphasis>
(2833 × 1013 μm in
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD6759CFDA1C794FDEA" box="[487,679,583,609]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongthapensis">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD6759CFDA1C4CBFDEB" box="[487,504,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD6767EFDA1C794FDEA" box="[517,679,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">dongthapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 2531 × 1012 μm in
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD677ABFDA1C16AFDEA" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[976,1113,583,609]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seenghali">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD677ABFDA1C6D2FDEB" box="[976,993,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD67795FDA1C16AFDEA" box="[1006,1113,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">seenghali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and viii) possessing a short I-shaped excretory vesicle, wholly post-testicular, limited to the posterior half of the post-testicular space
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD67143FD8DC07CFD0F" box="[1336,1359,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">vs</emphasis>
a long I-shaped excretory vesicle (with or without anterior swelling), wholly post-ovarian, inter-testicular, and never post-testicular, extending either anterior to or beyond anterior testis or median to posterior testis (see
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF85FFD670AFFD55C5E1FD7A" author="Gupta, S. P. &amp; Agrawal, V." pageId="32" pageNumber="477" pagination="70 - 74" refId="ref36036" refString="Gupta, S. P. &amp; Agrawal, V. (1968) Pseudoparamacroderoides seenghali n. g., n. sp. (Allocreadiidae: Walliniinae) from the intestine of a fresh water fish, Mystus seenghala (Sykes) from Lucknow, India. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 20, 70 - 74." type="journal article" year="1968">Gupta &amp; Agrawal 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF85FFD674A5FD31C459FD7A" author="Kakaji, V. L." box="[222,362,727,753]" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" pagination="49 - 80" refId="ref36761" refString="Kakaji, V. L. (1969) Studies on helminth parasites of Indian fishes. Part 3. Some trematode parasites of fresh water fishes of Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 21, 49 - 80." type="journal article" year="1969">Kakaji 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF85FFD6750EFD31C778FD7A" author="Kumari, N. V. &amp; Srivastava, C. B. &amp; Chauhan B. S." box="[373,587,727,753]" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" pagination="315 - 323" refId="ref37226" refString="Kumari, N. V., Srivastava, C. B. &amp; Chauhan B. S. (1972) Redescription of Astiotrema reniferum (Looss, 1898) Looss, 1900 with comments on the status of the genus Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta &amp; Agarwal, 1968 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 67, 315 - 323." type="journal article" year="1972">
Kumari
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD675A9FD31C730FD7A" box="[466,515,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">et al</emphasis>
. 1972
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF85FFD6762DFD31C61BFD7A" author="Truong, T. N. &amp; Curran, S. S. &amp; Dutton, H. R. &amp; Bullard, S. A." box="[598,808,727,753]" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" pagination="697 - 711" refId="ref40618" refString="Truong, T. N., Curran, S. S., Dutton, H. R. &amp; Bullard, S. A. (2021) Resurrection and emendation of Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta &amp; Agrawal, 1968 (Digenea: Macroderoididae), description of a new species from Vietnam, and comments on the systematics of macroderoidid genera. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 697 - 711. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 021 - 10006 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">
Truong
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD676D5FD31C7ECFD7A" box="[686,735,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Accordingly, we reassign the specimens of
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF85FFD67166FD31C5D1FC9E" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." pageId="32" pageNumber="477" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">
Wang
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD6711EFD31C0A6FD7A" box="[1381,1429,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">et al</emphasis>
. (1983)
</bibRefCitation>
as a distinct species,
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD675ADFD1DC6A4FC9E" box="[470,919,763,789]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD675ADFD1DC6A4FC9E" box="[470,919,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">Pseudoparamacroderoides pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wang in
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF85FFD67076FD1DC045FC9E" author="Wang, P. Q. &amp; Zhao, Y. R. &amp; Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y." box="[1037,1398,763,789]" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref41179" refString="Wang, P. Q., Zhao, Y. R., Chen, Q. G. &amp; Tao, J. Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">Wang, Zhao, Chen &amp; Tao, 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD671FDFD1DC5ECFCB2" bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">n. comb.</emphasis>
, within
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF85FFD67547FCF9C75AFCB2" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[316,617,799,825]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF85FFD67547FCF9C75AFCB2" box="[316,617,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="477">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the third species we recognize within this genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>