457 lines
59 KiB
XML
457 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="57A288D00C8C1D30E9806F618D6D3636">Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E6263157030772498D661604267BA634">Karar, Yasser F. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D84E3F0940371732BD546068F6B1BBCC">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, New Valley University, Kharga, New Valley, Egypt. & Research Associate, Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Ecology & Conservation Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EC5146B16CC9F56D5FDA41BB62C0172A">Blend, Charles K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="744BF21D4320467EF5993A69FC2209E7">Corpus Christi Museum of Science & History, 1900 N. Chaparral St., Corpus Christi, Texas 78401, U. S. A. & Laboratory of Parasitology, Biodiversity Research & Teaching Collection, Department of Ecology & Conservation Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="980F05A6BC2A7BB46BA02216743BBA10">Dronen, Norman O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9AC7C8C1C5ED4BFF08155BA1A0694651">Laboratory of Parasitology, Biodiversity Research & Teaching Collection, Department of Ecology & Conservation Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U. S. A. & The Schubot Center for Avian Health, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U. S. A</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="00D02994F21EDAD33F4FF0D89FBE9028">Adel, Asmaa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9CD7C8A9CFA4E4A31FD698007B8F068B">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="47AEA8F3E7C5C1570D540371124FA166">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E11071616B262C1CA632CAA33CF3C520">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B32B263FEFFBF65DCA4486D3DEA32C89">2023-05-12</mods:number>
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<treatment id="6E5B321FFFB7FFE574ECFAEAC07BFB4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E5B321FFFB7FFE574ECFAEAC07BFB4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E5B321FFFB7FFE574ECFAEAC07BFB4E" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<subSubSection id="AEE8D082FFB7FFE474ECFAEAC7CEFAAD" box="[151,765,1292,1318]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E64D8309FFB7FFE474ECFAEAC7CEFAAD" blockId="18.[151,765,1292,1354]" box="[151,765,1292,1318]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<heading id="BD053465FFB7FFE474ECFAEAC7CEFAAD" bold="true" box="[151,765,1292,1318]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE474ECFAEAC7CEFAAD" ID-CoL="8NBJS" authority="(Grabda, 1959) Tkach, 2008" authorityName="Tkach" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Grabda" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[151,765,1292,1318]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Neoastiotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
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<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE474ECFAEAC7CEFAAD" bold="true" box="[151,765,1292,1318]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE474ECFAEAC4A4FAAD" bold="true" box="[151,407,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Neoastiotrema trituri</emphasis>
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(Grabda, 1959)
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<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB7FFE47618FAEAC7CEFAAD" author="Tkach, V. V." box="[611,765,1292,1318]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" pagination="1901" refId="ref40343" refString="Tkach, V. V. (2008) Family Plagiorchiidae Luhe, 1901. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 295 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0295" type="book chapter" year="2008">Tkach, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AEE8D082FFB7FFE474ECFAD6C108FA5E" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E64D8309FFB7FFE474ECFAD6C5CAFAC1" blockId="18.[151,765,1292,1354]" box="[151,249,1328,1354]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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(
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<figureCitation id="7EC99F8CFFB7FFE474E4FAD6C5C2FAC1" box="[159,241,1328,1354]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 & 18" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[250,1329,195,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-32@20.[238,1349,181,1735]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 17 & 18. Neoastiotrema trituri (Grabda, 1959) Tkach, 2008 and Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931. 17. N. trituri (syn. Astiotrema trituri Grabda 1959), ventral view, redrawn from Grabda (1959, fig. 1). 18. O. batrachoides (syn. Astiotrema gangeticus Gupta & Singh, 1985 nec Harshey, 1932), ventral view, redrawn from Gupta & Singh (1985, fig. 1A). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; Eg, egg; EP, excretory pore; Es, esophagus; ESV, external seminal vesicle; EV, excretory vesicle; GA, genital atrium; GP, genital pore; ISV, internal seminal vesicle; Me, metraterm; OC, ôtype complex; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; Pr.Ph, prepharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 17 = 500 µm; Fig. 18 = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929533/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E64D8309FFB7FFE474ECFA93C72EFA07" blockId="18.[151,541,1396,1421]" box="[151,541,1396,1421]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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(Syn.
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE474AFFA93C725FA07" authority="Grabda, 1959" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[212,534,1396,1420]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
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<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE474AFFA93C4B6FA07" box="[212,389,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Astiotrema trituri</emphasis>
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Grabda, 1959
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E64D8309FFB7FFE474ECFA5DC108FA5E" blockId="18.[151,1437,1466,2033]" box="[151,1083,1466,1493]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE474ECFA5DC433FA5E" bold="true" box="[151,256,1467,1493]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Records.</emphasis>
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1.
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<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB7FFE47558FA5DC4FEFA5E" author="Grabda, B." box="[291,461,1466,1493]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" pagination="17 - 21" refId="ref35704" refString="Grabda, B. (1959 a) Astiotrema trituri sp. n. (Trematoda-Plagiorchiidae) from the small intestine of Triturus vulgaris L. Bulletin de l'Academie polonaise des Sciences. Classe II. Serie des Sciences Biologiques, 7, 17 - 21." type="journal article" year="1959">Grabda (1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB7FFE475A3FA5CC710FA5E" author="Grabda, B." box="[472,547,1466,1493]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" pagination="489 - 498" refId="ref35751" refString="Grabda, B. (1959 b) The life-cycle of Astiotrema trituri B. Grabda, 1959 (Trematoda; Plagiorchiidae). Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 7, 489 - 498." type="journal article" year="1959">1959b</bibRefCitation>
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); 2.
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<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB7FFE47629FA5DC647FA5E" author="Sharpilo V. P. & Iskova N. I." box="[594,884,1467,1493]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" refId="ref39200" refString="Sharpilo V. P. & Iskova N. I. (1989) Fauna of the Ukraine. Vol. 34. Trematoda. Part 3. Plagiorchiata. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 279 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1989">Sharpilo & Iskova (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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; 3.
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<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB7FFE477E7FA5DC105FA5E" author="Tkach, V. V." box="[924,1078,1467,1493]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" pagination="1901" refId="ref40343" refString="Tkach, V. V. (2008) Family Plagiorchiidae Luhe, 1901. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 295 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0295" type="book chapter" year="2008">Tkach (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="AEE8D082FFB7FFE574BCFA39C07BFB4E" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="E64D8309FFB7FFE574BCFA39C030FD0E" blockId="18.[151,1437,1466,2033]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,1221]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE474BCFA39C408FA72" bold="true" box="[199,315,1503,1529]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Remarks.</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB7FFE47539FA39C4C1FA72" author="Grabda, B." box="[322,498,1502,1529]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" pagination="17 - 21" refId="ref35704" refString="Grabda, B. (1959 a) Astiotrema trituri sp. n. (Trematoda-Plagiorchiidae) from the small intestine of Triturus vulgaris L. Bulletin de l'Academie polonaise des Sciences. Classe II. Serie des Sciences Biologiques, 7, 17 - 21." type="journal article" year="1959">Grabda (1959a)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47612FA39C7F8FA73" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[617,715,1503,1529]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
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||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47612FA39C749FA72" box="[617,634,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE476F3FA39C7F8FA73" box="[648,715,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">trituri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
from the small intestine of the smooth, northern smooth or common newt,
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||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47567F9E5C7B3F996" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[284,640,1539,1565]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Lissotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47567F9E5C4CFF996" box="[284,508,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Lissotriton vulgaris</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</taxonomicName>
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(syn.
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE476B7F9E5C6EBF996" authority="Dunn" authorityName="Dunn" box="[716,984,1539,1565]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE476B7F9E5C6BEF996" box="[716,909,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Triturus vulgaris</emphasis>
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Dunn
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</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47789F9E5C167F996" box="[1010,1108,1539,1565]" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Caudata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47019F9E5C03EF996" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[1122,1293,1539,1565]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Salamandridae</taxonomicName>
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), from Lake Mamry in northeastern
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<collectingCountry id="9EE5C399FFB7FFE475DBF9C1C4C2F9CA" box="[416,497,1575,1601]" name="Poland" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Poland</collectingCountry>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47587F9C1C7F2F9CB" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[508,705,1575,1601]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
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<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47587F9C1C7F2F9CB" box="[508,705,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Astiotrema trituri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was distinguished from all
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||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47782F9C1C1FFF9CA" box="[1017,1228,1575,1601]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47782F9C1C140F9CA" box="[1017,1139,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Astiotrema</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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by (i) the position of the posterior testis near the posterior extremity of the body and posterior to the ends of the ceca, (ii) the much smaller cirrus pouch, and (iii) very large eggs – “almost double-sized” (48–61; 54 × 25–31; 29). That same year,
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<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB7FFE474ECF975C47AF926" author="Grabda, B." box="[151,329,1682,1709]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" pagination="489 - 498" refId="ref35751" refString="Grabda, B. (1959 b) The life-cycle of Astiotrema trituri B. Grabda, 1959 (Trematoda; Plagiorchiidae). Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 7, 489 - 498." type="journal article" year="1959">Grabda (1959b)</bibRefCitation>
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||
elucidated that
|
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47587F975C76DF927" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[508,606,1683,1709]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47587F975C73EF926" box="[508,525,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47660F975C76DF927" box="[539,606,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">trituri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has life-cycle patterns identical to that of members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47097F975C0AFF926" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1901" box="[1260,1436,1683,1709]" class="Trematoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="494" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Plagiorchioidea">Plagiorchioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and concluded that the first intermediate host was a pulmonate snail, the great ramshorn,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47012F951C5D2F97E" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbarius" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="corneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47012F951C06EF95B" box="[1129,1373,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Planorbarius corneus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(syn.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE4755EF93DC4EFF97F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[293,476,1755,1781]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Coretus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Basommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="corneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE4755EF93DC4EFF97F" box="[293,476,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Coretus corneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Linnaeus]) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47608F93DC7C9F97E" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1795" box="[627,762,1755,1781]" class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Mollusca" rank="class">Gastropoda</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE4777FF93DC6BCF97E" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[772,911,1755,1781]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Planorbidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The second intermediate hosts included some cladoceran species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47503F919C622F892" authority="(De Geer)" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[376,785,1791,1817]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Simocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exspinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47503F919C7A7F893" box="[376,660,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Simocephalus exspinosus</emphasis>
|
||
(De Geer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47767F919C1BEF892" authority="(Jurine)" baseAuthorityName="Jurine" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[796,1165,1791,1817]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Ceriodaphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47767F919C11FF892" box="[796,1068,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Ceriodaphnia reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
(Jurine)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE470E2F919C0AFF892" authority="Straus" authorityName="Straus" authorityYear="1820" box="[1177,1436,1791,1817]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE470E2F919C07DF893" box="[1177,1358,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Daphnia magna</emphasis>
|
||
Straus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE474E4F8C5C403F8B6" box="[159,304,1827,1853]" class="Branchiopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anomopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Anomopoda</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47540F8C5C48DF8B6" box="[315,446,1827,1853]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Daphniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47585F8C5C652F8B6" authority="(Muller)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" box="[510,865,1827,1853]" class="Appendicularia" family="Fritillariidae" genus="Eurycercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Copelata" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47585F8C5C7C9F8B6" box="[510,762,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Eurycercus lamellatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE4770BF8C5C132F8B6" box="[880,1025,1827,1853]" class="Branchiopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anomopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Anomopoda</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47076F8C5C195F8B6" authorityName="W.Kurz" authorityYear="1875" box="[1037,1190,1827,1853]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Eurycercidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eurycercidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The development of this parasite includes the formation of a sporocyst and a xiphidiocercaria. Molecular characterization by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB7FFE4712DF8A1C5D1F80E" author="Tkach, V. V." pageId="18" pageNumber="463" pagination="1901" refId="ref40343" refString="Tkach, V. V. (2008) Family Plagiorchiidae Luhe, 1901. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 295 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0295" type="book chapter" year="2008">Tkach (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of some taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE475E6F88DC724F80E" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[413,535,1899,1925]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE475E6F88DC724F80E" box="[413,535,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE476F5F88DC62EF80E" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Looss" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[654,797,1899,1925]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reniferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE476F5F88DC7ACF80E" box="[654,671,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE476D6F88DC62EF80E" box="[685,797,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">reniferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47766F88DC612F80E" box="[797,801,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47753F88DC68CF80E" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stossich" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[808,959,1899,1925]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monticellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47753F88DC60AF80E" box="[808,825,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE4773CF88DC68CF80E" box="[839,959,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">monticellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE4779EF88DC14AF80E" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stossich" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[997,1145,1899,1925]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monticellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE4779EF88DC14AF80E" box="[997,1145,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">P. monticellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE470F4F88DC1CFF80F" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Bray, Van Oosterhout, Blais & Cable" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1167,1276,1899,1925]" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Homeoastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE470F4F88DC193F80E" box="[1167,1184,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE470D5F88DC1CFF80F" box="[1198,1276,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">turneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47158F88DC0A0F80F" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Bray, Van Oosterhout, Blais & Cable" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1315,1427,1899,1925]" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Homeoastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47158F88DC004F80F" box="[1315,1335,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE4713EF88DC0A0F80F" box="[1349,1427,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">turneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE474BCF869C41AF823" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[199,297,1935,1961]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE474BCF869C41AF823" box="[199,297,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">A. trituri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
demonstrated that the first three taxa formed a monophyletic clade closest to the heterophyids in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47490F855C47DF847" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[235,334,1971,1997]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47490F855C5CFF846" box="[235,252,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47570F855C47DF847" box="[267,334,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">trituri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which clustered very close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE476D8F855C69DF846" authority="Luhe, 1899" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1899" box="[675,942,1971,1997]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plagiorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE476D8F855C616F846" box="[675,805,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Plagiorchis</emphasis>
|
||
Lühe, 1899
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Concerning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47038F855C194F847" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[1091,1191,1971,1997]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47038F855C167F846" box="[1091,1108,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47019F855C194F847" box="[1122,1191,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">trituri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE470D3F855C19FF847" box="[1192,1196,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">,</emphasis>
|
||
it possesses a typical plagiorchiid-like bipartite seminal vesicle, whereas the other three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB7FFE47788F831C15EF87A" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[1011,1133,2007,2033]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47788F831C15EF87A" box="[1011,1133,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB7FFE47006F831C1DDF87A" box="[1149,1262,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
) in the analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE574CEFF71C47DFF3A" author="Tkach, V. V." box="[181,334,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="1901" refId="ref40343" refString="Tkach, V. V. (2008) Family Plagiorchiidae Luhe, 1901. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 295 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0295" type="book chapter" year="2008">Tkach (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
possess an undivided, sac-like seminal vesicle. Based on life-cycle patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE570B3FF71C053FF3A" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stossich" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1224,1376,151,177]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monticellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE570B3FF71C1EAFF3A" box="[1224,1241,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE57093FF71C053FF3A" box="[1256,1376,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">monticellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE571F3FF71C43CFF5E" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stossich" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monticellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE571F3FF71C43CFF5E" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">P. monticellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE575CFFF5DC630FF5E" author="Shevchenko, N. & Vergun, G." box="[436,771,187,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref39242" refString="Shevchenko, N. & Vergun, G. (1960) The life-cycle of the trematode Astiotrema monticelli Stossich, 1904. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 130, 949 - 952. [in Russian] ̕" type="journal article" year="1960">Shevchenko & Vergun (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE57775FF5DC696FF5E" author="Tkach, V. V." box="[782,933,187,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="1901" refId="ref40343" refString="Tkach, V. V. (2008) Family Plagiorchiidae Luhe, 1901. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 295 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0295" type="book chapter" year="2008">Tkach (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred that: (i) the first intermediate host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE574ECFF39C41CFF72" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stossich" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[151,303,223,249]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monticellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE574ECFF39C59BFF72" box="[151,168,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE574CCFF39C41CFF72" box="[183,303,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">monticellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE5752BFF39C4D6FF72" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stossich" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[336,485,223,249]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monticellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE5752BFF39C4D6FF72" box="[336,485,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">P. monticellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is the prosobranch (gilled) snail
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE5771EFF39C1AEFF72" authority="(Sheppard)" baseAuthorityName="Sheppard" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[869,1181,223,249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leachii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE5771EFF39C12BFF72" box="[869,1048,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Bithynia leachii</emphasis>
|
||
(Sheppard)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE570D7FF39C000FF72" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1795" box="[1196,1331,223,249]" class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="class">Gastropoda</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE57144FF39C5F9FE96" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Bithyniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), not a pulmonate one as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE576FFFEE5C7D4FE97" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[644,743,259,285]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE576FFFEE5C7A6FE96" box="[644,661,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE576DFFEE5C7D4FE97" box="[676,743,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">trituri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (ii) amphibians serve as the definitive host for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE5717EFEE5C05BFE97" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[1285,1384,259,285]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE5717EFEE5C05BFE97" box="[1285,1384,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">A. trituri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE574ECFEC1C40AFECA" author="Grabda, B." box="[151,313,294,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="489 - 498" refId="ref35751" refString="Grabda, B. (1959 b) The life-cycle of Astiotrema trituri B. Grabda, 1959 (Trematoda; Plagiorchiidae). Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 7, 489 - 498." type="journal article" year="1959">Grabda 1959b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) whereas amphibians represent intermediate hosts for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE577D8FEC1C108FECA" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stossich" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[931,1083,295,321]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monticellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE577D8FEC1C687FECA" box="[931,948,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE577B8FEC1C108FECA" box="[963,1083,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">monticellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE5701FFEC1C1CAFECA" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stossich" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1124,1273,295,321]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monticellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE5701FFEC1C1CAFECA" box="[1124,1273,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">P. monticellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE5716AFEC1C479FEEE" author="Shevchenko, N. & Vergun, G." pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref39242" refString="Shevchenko, N. & Vergun, G. (1960) The life-cycle of the trematode Astiotrema monticelli Stossich, 1904. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 130, 949 - 952. [in Russian] ̕" type="journal article" year="1960">Shevchenko & Vergun 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and (iii) the development of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE576DCFEADC60CFEEE" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stossich" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[679,831,331,357]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monticellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE576DCFEADC78BFEEE" box="[679,696,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE576BCFEADC60CFEEE" box="[711,831,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">monticellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE57712FEADC6CDFEEE" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stossich" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[873,1022,331,357]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monticellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE57712FEADC6CDFEEE" box="[873,1022,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">P. monticellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) includes the formation of cercariae from the Pleurolophocerca group within rediae (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE5769AFE89C111FE02" author="Shevchenko, N. & Vergun, G." box="[737,1058,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref39242" refString="Shevchenko, N. & Vergun, G. (1960) The life-cycle of the trematode Astiotrema monticelli Stossich, 1904. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 130, 949 - 952. [in Russian] ̕" type="journal article" year="1960">Shevchenko & Vergun 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is typical for members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE574B8FE75C4BBFE26" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1899" box="[195,392,403,429]" class="Trematoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="489" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Opisthorchioidea">Opisthorchioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As previous molecular phylogenetic analyses generally indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE570C8FE75C01EFE26" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[1203,1325,403,429]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE570C8FE75C01EFE26" box="[1203,1325,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a monophyletic clade distinctly separate from all members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE5772DFE51C135FE5A" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1901" box="[854,1030,439,465]" class="Trematoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="494" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Plagiorchioidea">Plagiorchioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and that clade was, moreover, closer to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE574A0FE3DC4AFFE7E" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1899" box="[219,412,475,501]" class="Trematoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="489" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Opisthorchioidea">Opisthorchioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE575D2FE3DC75CFE7E" author="Tkach, V. V. & Pawlowski, J. & Mariaux, J. & Swiderski, Z. & Littlewood, D. T. J. & Bray, R. A." box="[425,623,475,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="186 - 193" refId="ref40418" refString="Tkach, V. V., Pawlowski, J., Mariaux, J., Swiderski, Z., Littlewood, D. T. J. & Bray, R. A. (2001) Molecular phylogeny of the suborder Plagiorchiata and its position in the system of Digenea. In: Littlewood, D. T. J. & Bray, R. A. (Eds.), Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 186 - 193." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Tkach
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE5758CFE3DC714FE7E" box="[503,551,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE57602FE3DC608FE7E" author="Olson, P. D. & Cribb, T. H. & Tkach, V. V. & Bray, R. A. & Littlewood, D. T. J." box="[633,827,475,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="733 - 755" refId="ref38416" refString="Olson, P. D., Cribb, T. H., Tkach, V. V., Bray, R. A. & Littlewood, D. T. J. (2003) Phylogeny and classification of the Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda). International Journal for Parasitology, 33, 733 - 755. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0020 - 7519 (03) 00049 - 3" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Olson
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE576B9FE3DC7C1FE7E" box="[706,754,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE57736FE3DC6D0FE7E" author="Tkach, V. V." box="[845,995,475,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="1901" refId="ref40343" refString="Tkach, V. V. (2008) Family Plagiorchiidae Luhe, 1901. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 295 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0295" type="book chapter" year="2008">Tkach (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
removed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE5702AFE3DC181FE7F" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[1105,1202,475,501]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE5702AFE3DC151FE7E" box="[1105,1122,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE57014FE3DC181FE7F" box="[1135,1202,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">trituri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE5708FFE3DC05DFE7E" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[1268,1390,475,501]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE5708FFE3DC05DFE7E" box="[1268,1390,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and transferred it into the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE575F3FE19C719FD92" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1901" box="[392,554,511,537]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Plagiorchiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Despite the high similarity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE577B2FE19C118FD93" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[969,1067,511,537]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE577B2FE19C6E9FD92" box="[969,986,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE57793FE19C118FD93" box="[1000,1067,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">trituri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and members of
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE57090FE19C040FD92" box="[1259,1395,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE57090FE19C05CFD92" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1899" box="[1259,1391,511,537]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plagiorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Plagiorchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the position of the right posterior testis (near the posterior extremity and past the cecal ends)
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE570F6FDC5C197FDB7" box="[1165,1188,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">vs</emphasis>
|
||
the left anterior testis (intercecal and separated from right posterior testis by numerous uterine coils) gave justification for separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE571FFFDA1C5E9FD0F" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE571FFFDA1C0A6FDEA" box="[1412,1429,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE574ECFD8DC5E9FD0F" box="[151,218,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">trituri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into its own genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE575C7FD8DC753FD0F" authorityName="Tkach" authorityYear="2008" box="[444,608,619,644]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Neoastiotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE575C7FD8DC753FD0F" box="[444,608,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Neoastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with its type- and only species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE577B4FD8DC100FD0F" authorityName="Grabda" authorityYear="1959" box="[975,1075,619,645]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trituri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE577B4FD8DC6D1FD0F" box="[975,994,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE5778BFD8DC100FD0F" box="[1008,1075,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">trituri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE57016FD8DC1C4FD0E" author="Tkach, V. V." box="[1133,1271,619,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="1901" refId="ref40343" refString="Tkach, V. V. (2008) Family Plagiorchiidae Luhe, 1901. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 295 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0295" type="book chapter" year="2008">Tkach 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E64D8309FFB6FFE574BCFD69C07BFB4E" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE574BCFD69C729FD22" author="Besprozvannykh, V. V. & Atopkin, D. M. & Ermolenko, A. V. & Kharitonova, A. V. & Khamatova, A. Y." box="[199,538,654,681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="533 - 539" refId="ref32308" refString="Besprozvannykh, V. V., Atopkin, D. M., Ermolenko, A. V., Kharitonova, A. V. & Khamatova, A. Y. (2015) Life-cycle and genetic characterization of Astiotrema odhneri Bhalerao, 1936 sensu Cho & Seo 1977 from the Primorsky region (Russian far east). Parasitology International, 64, 533 - 539. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. parint. 2015.07.008" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Besprozvannykh
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE575F7FD69C48CFD22" box="[396,447,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
demonstrated that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE5768DFD69C179FD22" author="Shevchenko, N. & Vergun, G." box="[758,1098,655,681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref39242" refString="Shevchenko, N. & Vergun, G. (1960) The life-cycle of the trematode Astiotrema monticelli Stossich, 1904. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 130, 949 - 952. [in Russian] ̕" type="journal article" year="1960">Shevchenko & Vergun (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
most likely described a larva belonging to a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE57590FD55C79FFD46" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1899" box="[491,684,691,717]" class="Trematoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="489" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Opisthorchioidea">Opisthorchioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and neither the cercaria nor the metacercaria of a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE57122FD55C5E4FD7B" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE57122FD55C5E4FD7B" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, they clarified that the first intermediate host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE577FAFD31C6C4FD7A" authorityName="Bhalerao" authorityYear="1936" box="[897,1015,727,753]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="odhneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE577FAFD31C6A1FD7A" box="[897,914,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE577DBFD31C6C4FD7A" box="[928,1015,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">odhneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a pulmonate snail and not a prosobranch (gilled) one; whereas, the second intermediate host can include pulmonate snails, frog tadpoles, and small fish within which sporocysts and xiphidiocercariae develop, but neither rediae nor pleurolophocercariae form.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE5710FFCF9C48EFCD6" author="Besprozvannykh, V. V. & Atopkin, D. M. & Ermolenko, A. V. & Kharitonova, A. V. & Khamatova, A. Y." pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="533 - 539" refId="ref32308" refString="Besprozvannykh, V. V., Atopkin, D. M., Ermolenko, A. V., Kharitonova, A. V. & Khamatova, A. Y. (2015) Life-cycle and genetic characterization of Astiotrema odhneri Bhalerao, 1936 sensu Cho & Seo 1977 from the Primorsky region (Russian far east). Parasitology International, 64, 533 - 539. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. parint. 2015.07.008" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Besprozvannykh
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE57540FCA5C45FFCD6" box="[315,364,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2) also demonstrated through 28S rRNA gene sequence data that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE570B0FCA5C0AFFCD6" box="[1227,1436,835,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE570B0FCA5C076FCD6" box="[1227,1349,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clustered away from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE575D3FC81C76BFC0A" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1901" box="[424,600,871,897]" class="Trematoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="494" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Plagiorchioidea">Plagiorchioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and formed a monophyletic clade closer and in a basal position to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE57125FC81C414FC2E" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1899" class="Trematoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="489" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Opisthorchioidea">Opisthorchioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, observations of life-cycle patterns by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE57756FC6DC1B3FC2E" author="Besprozvannykh, V. V. & Atopkin, D. M. & Ermolenko, A. V. & Kharitonova, A. V. & Khamatova, A. Y." box="[813,1152,906,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="533 - 539" refId="ref32308" refString="Besprozvannykh, V. V., Atopkin, D. M., Ermolenko, A. V., Kharitonova, A. V. & Khamatova, A. Y. (2015) Life-cycle and genetic characterization of Astiotrema odhneri Bhalerao, 1936 sensu Cho & Seo 1977 from the Primorsky region (Russian far east). Parasitology International, 64, 533 - 539. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. parint. 2015.07.008" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Besprozvannykh
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE57789FC6DC115FC2E" box="[1010,1062,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
point out a convergence between both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE5754DFC49C4E9FC43" authorityName="Tkach" authorityYear="2008" box="[310,474,943,968]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Neoastiotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE5754DFC49C4E9FC43" box="[310,474,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Neoastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFFB6FFE57668FC49C7BEFC42" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[531,653,943,969]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE57668FC49C7BEFC42" box="[531,653,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas their phylogenetic results indicate a distant relationship between them. Accordingly, we conclude that: (1) reliance on life cycle patterns for differentiating between these two genera may not be useful; (2) without distinct morphological evidence, morphological data become more confusing and unconvincing for differentiating among morphologically similar taxa; hence, using molecular phylogenetic results and support may illustrate the degree of divergence or convergence and give an indicator for delimitations of species and/or higher ranks; (3) the bipartite
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE576F5FB85C796FBF7" box="[654,677,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">vs</emphasis>
|
||
unipartite nature of the seminal vesicle herein represents a stronger feature for differentiating between these two genera and it can be highly effective in differentiating at higher levels of taxonomy such as families or even superfamilies as stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE57713FB4DC147FB4E" author="Pojmanska, T. & Tkach, V. V. & Gibson, D. I." box="[872,1140,1195,1221]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" refId="ref38625" refString="Pojmanska, T., Tkach, V. V. & Gibson, D. I. (2008) Genera incertae sedis, genera inquirenda, nomina nuda, larval or collective names and recently erected genera. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 735 - 755. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0735" type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Pojmańska
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFFB6FFE57791FB4DC128FB4E" box="[1002,1051,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FFB6FFE570D2FB4DC077FB4E" author="Tkach, V. V." box="[1193,1348,1195,1221]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="1901" refId="ref40343" refString="Tkach, V. V. (2008) Family Plagiorchiidae Luhe, 1901. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 295 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0295" type="book chapter" year="2008">Tkach (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |