558 lines
69 KiB
XML
558 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="BE05FBEF5830890A7F6EF471D2A7D58A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7929507" ID-ZooBank="DA6684D9-508D-47A3-ACD9-D36A201086C3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1683890535671" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Karar, Yasser F. M., Blend, Charles K., Dronen, Norman O. & Adel, Asmaa" docDate="2023" docId="6E5B321FFF86FFD374ECFB14C4C7FECA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5284.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5284 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta & Agrawal 1968, n. gen." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="481" masterDocId="92624A67FFA5FFF6747BFFE6C533FF8B" masterDocTitle="Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema" masterLastPageNumber="495" masterPageNumber="445" pageNumber="480" updateTime="1684153080527" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="349AFA992390F6F3973FEA8AA2D41A28">Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6A4C38F1E89E9C4274BB08156F4B5F24">Karar, Yasser F. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3C5D954B0D20E196C4DE5E24B62390F3">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, New Valley University, Kharga, New Valley, Egypt. & Research Associate, Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Ecology & Conservation Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D081F1AA13B955C5777ABC7624EE5E83">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4D904A4A35DBBAF1AF5954F344204549">Blend, Charles K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CBBD792811EAF806E938D643656CA040">Corpus Christi Museum of Science & History, 1900 N. Chaparral St., Corpus Christi, Texas 78401, U. S. A. & Laboratory of Parasitology, Biodiversity Research & Teaching Collection, Department of Ecology & Conservation Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E1BE09962C3C27C8724B46B45859FD61">Dronen, Norman O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6E6B992CA5C5151A2144896485558069">Laboratory of Parasitology, Biodiversity Research & Teaching Collection, Department of Ecology & Conservation Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U. S. A. & The Schubot Center for Avian Health, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U. S. A</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0599043CC12CFC5ACCFC76F566924C61">Adel, Asmaa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A0223DE35C571D7A984C1BC1E6399950">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0660B56BE50A99E61F47BA8349338926">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="55FCF52E45992D39939F6CAA71B9B136">
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<mods:date id="419B8F47CFDDC85A81EE206EE574A224">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1315D38B0943FFE0EFE34F84AC8B66F4">2023-05-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ABF4EC72B11A2689B3C6F351230A60C0">5284</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="46B018F627D671CDF5D77EAA84385A66">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EF07A0A7DD552F21F3D31B9D830716B3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5E70C144E6C143F10C54148B470809FE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6E5B321FFF86FFD374ECFB14C4C7FECA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E5B321FFF86FFD374ECFB14C4C7FECA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E5B321FFF86FFD374ECFB14C4C7FECA" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">
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<subSubSection id="AEE8D082FF86FFD574ECFB14C496FABA" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E64D8309FF86FFD574ECFB14C496FABA" blockId="35.[151,1436,1266,1329]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">
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<heading id="BD053465FF86FFD574ECFB14C496FABA" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD574ECFB14C496FABA" bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">
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Problematic status of
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD575DCFB14C12AFA87" ID-CoL="8R5YY" authority="Gupta & Agrawal, 1968" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[423,1049,1266,1293]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD575DCFB14C7DBFA86" bold="true" box="[423,744,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF86FFD57694FB14C12AFA87" author="Gupta, S. P. & Agrawal, V." box="[751,1049,1266,1292]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" pagination="70 - 74" refId="ref36036" refString="Gupta, S. P. & Agrawal, V. (1968) Pseudoparamacroderoides seenghali n. g., n. sp. (Allocreadiidae: Walliniinae) from the intestine of a fresh water fish, Mystus seenghala (Sykes) from Lucknow, India. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 20, 70 - 74." type="journal article" year="1968">Gupta & Agrawal, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD57051FB15C1F2FA86" bold="true" box="[1066,1217,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">sensu stricto</emphasis>
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) &
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD5708AFB14C47FFABA" authority="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel, 2023" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Anomalomacroderoiditrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus" status="n. gen.">
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<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD5708AFB14C47FFABA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Anomalomacroderoiditrema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFB5E260FF86FFD57528FAF1C496FABA" box="[339,421,1303,1329]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AEE8D082FF86FFD374ECFAB9C4C7FECA" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="E64D8309FF86FFD274ECFAB9C15AFF72" blockId="35.[151,1437,1375,2013]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">
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The taxonomic position of
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD575ADFAB9C630FAF2" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[470,771,1375,1401]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD575ADFAB9C630FAF2" box="[470,771,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has fluctuated between the
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD57035FAB9C03EFAF2" authorityName="McMullen" authorityYear="1937" box="[1102,1293,1375,1401]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Macroderoididae</taxonomicName>
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||
and the
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD5710CFAB9C410FA16" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1902" class="Trematoda" family="Allocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Allocreadiidae</taxonomicName>
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||
, occasionally the
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD57582FA65C7ACFA16" authorityName=", Boeger & Thatcher" authorityYear="1983" box="[505,671,1411,1437]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Plagiorchiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF86FFD576D5FA65C6E6FA16" author="Gupta, S. P. & Agrawal, V." box="[686,981,1411,1437]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" pagination="70 - 74" refId="ref36036" refString="Gupta, S. P. & Agrawal, V. (1968) Pseudoparamacroderoides seenghali n. g., n. sp. (Allocreadiidae: Walliniinae) from the intestine of a fresh water fish, Mystus seenghala (Sykes) from Lucknow, India. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 20, 70 - 74." type="journal article" year="1968">Gupta & Agrawal (1968)</bibRefCitation>
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assigned
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD57036FA65C049FA16" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[1101,1402,1411,1437]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD57036FA65C049FA16" box="[1101,1402,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to the Walliniinae within the
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD575BFFA41C75EFA4A" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1902" box="[452,621,1447,1473]" class="Trematoda" family="Allocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Allocreadiidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF86FFD57603FA41C605FA4A" author="Yamaguti, S." box="[632,822,1447,1473]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" refId="ref41463" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1971) Synopsis of Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates. Vols. I & II. Keigaku Publishing Company, Tokyo, 1423 pp." type="book" year="1971">Yamaguti (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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||
reduced the rank of
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||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD5705DFA41C060FA4A" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[1062,1363,1447,1473]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD5705DFA41C060FA4A" box="[1062,1363,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to the subgenus level within
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD575E3FA2DC745FA6E" authorityName="Venard" authorityYear="1941" box="[408,630,1483,1509]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Paramacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD575E3FA2DC745FA6E" box="[408,630,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Paramacroderoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD57718FA2DC115FA6E" authorityName="McMullen" authorityYear="1937" box="[867,1062,1483,1509]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Macroderoididae</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF86FFD57049FA2DC02EFA6E" author="Kumari, N. V. & Srivastava, C. B. & Chauhan B. S." box="[1074,1309,1483,1509]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" pagination="315 - 323" refId="ref37226" refString="Kumari, N. V., Srivastava, C. B. & Chauhan B. S. (1972) Redescription of Astiotrema reniferum (Looss, 1898) Looss, 1900 with comments on the status of the genus Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta & Agarwal, 1968 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 67, 315 - 323." type="journal article" year="1972">
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||
Kumari
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||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD570EBFA2DC1F0FA6E" box="[1168,1219,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (1972)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reassigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD574ECFA09C4F7F982" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,452,1519,1545]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD574ECFA09C4F7F982" box="[151,452,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
as a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD5773FFA09C68DF982" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[836,958,1519,1545]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD5773FFA09C68DF982" box="[836,958,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in the Astiotrematinae Baer, 1924 from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD574ECF9F5C40EF9A6" authorityName=", Boeger & Thatcher" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,317,1555,1581]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Plagiorchiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF86FFD5753EF9F5C755F9A6" author="Agarwal, G. P. & Kumar, R." box="[325,614,1555,1581]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" pagination="313 - 316" refId="ref31786" refString="Agarwal, G. P. & Kumar, R. (1983) On a new digenetic trematode Pseudoparamacroderoides raychaudhurii n. sp. from the intestine of a freshwater fish Mystus vittatus (Bl.) at Varanasi, India. Rivista di Parassitologia, 44, 313 - 316." type="journal article" year="1983">Agarwal & Kumar (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
retained
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD576B5F9F5C6C8F9A6" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[718,1019,1555,1581]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD576B5F9F5C6C8F9A6" box="[718,1019,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD570C5F9F5C0AFF9A6" authorityName="Venard" authorityYear="1941" box="[1214,1436,1555,1581]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Paramacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD570C5F9F5C0AFF9A6" box="[1214,1436,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Paramacroderoides</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
within the
|
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<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD57575F9D1C4E3F9DA" authorityName="McMullen" authorityYear="1937" box="[270,464,1591,1617]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Macroderoididae</taxonomicName>
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, again.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF86FFD57659F9D1C666F9DA" author="Agarwal, L. N. & Agarwal, G. P." box="[546,853,1591,1617]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" pagination="51 - 54" refId="ref31839" refString="Agarwal, L. N. & Agarwal, G. P. (1984) On a new species of the genus Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta & Agrawal 1968 (Trematoda: Macroderoidae) from the intestine of Mystus vittatus (Bl.). Indian Journal of Helminthology, 36, 51 - 54." type="journal article" year="1984">Agarwal & Agarwal (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
retrieved the genus rank of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD570F0F9D1C58FF9FE" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD570F0F9D1C58FF9FE" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct macroderoidid genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF86FFD5762AF9BDC602F9FE" author="Font, W. F. & Lotz, J. M." box="[593,817,1627,1653]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" pagination="1937" refId="ref35335" refString="Font, W. F. & Lotz, J. M. (2008) Family Macroderoididae McMullen, 1937. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 373 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0373" type="book chapter" year="2008">Font & Lotz (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD577ACF9BDC037F9FE" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[983,1284,1627,1653]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD577ACF9BDC037F9FE" box="[983,1284,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD5713CF9BDC41AF912" authorityName="Venard" authorityYear="1941" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Paramacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD5713CF9BDC41AF912" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Paramacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whereas
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF86FFD575EDF999C740F912" author="Tkach, V. V. & Pulis, E. E. & Overstreet, R. M." box="[406,627,1663,1689]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" pagination="1002 - 1006" refId="ref40512" refString="Tkach, V. V., Pulis, E. E. & Overstreet, R. M. (2010) A new Paramacroderoides species (Digenea: Macroderoididae) from two species of gar in the southeastern United States. Journal of Parasitology, 96, 1002 - 1006. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / ge- 2385.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Tkach
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD5759EF999C72BF912" box="[485,536,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revealed the substantial differences of members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD570BEF999C5C5F936" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD570BEF999C5C5F936" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD57507F945C769F936" authorityName="Venard" authorityYear="1941" box="[380,602,1699,1725]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Paramacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD57507F945C769F936" box="[380,602,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Paramacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As a result, they proposed synonymizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD5704DF945C050F936" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[1078,1379,1699,1725]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD5704DF945C050F936" box="[1078,1379,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD574ECF921C473F96A" authorityName="Pearse" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,320,1735,1761]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Macroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD574ECF921C473F96A" box="[151,320,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Macroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since it is the morphologically most similar genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF86FFD577EAF921C14BF96A" author="Truong, T. N. & Curran, S. S. & Dutton, H. R. & Bullard, S. A." box="[913,1144,1735,1761]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" pagination="697 - 711" refId="ref40618" refString="Truong, T. N., Curran, S. S., Dutton, H. R. & Bullard, S. A. (2021) Resurrection and emendation of Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta & Agrawal, 1968 (Digenea: Macroderoididae), description of a new species from Vietnam, and comments on the systematics of macroderoidid genera. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 697 - 711. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 021 - 10006 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Truong
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD57790F921C12DF96A" box="[1003,1054,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
resurrected and emended
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD574ECF90DC4F7F88E" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,452,1771,1797]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD574ECF90DC4F7F88E" box="[151,452,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct genus within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD5775EF90DC6DBF88E" authorityName="McMullen" authorityYear="1937" box="[805,1000,1771,1797]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Macroderoididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As clarified earlier, the change in the nature of the seminal vesicle (either bipartite or unipartite) between highly morphologically close taxa represents contradictory attributes that could separate these taxa within two different families or even superfamilies. As
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD57127F8D5C4BDF8FA" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD57127F8D5C4BDF8FA" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD575E5F8B1C718F8FB" box="[414,555,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD57612F8B1C696F8FA" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[617,933,1879,1905]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Anomalomacroderoiditrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD57612F8B1C696F8FA" box="[617,933,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Anomalomacroderoiditrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess a saccate, unipartite seminal vesicle, compared to the bipartite nature of this feature in other genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD577C7F89DC148F81E" authorityName="McMullen" authorityYear="1937" box="[956,1147,1915,1941]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Macroderoididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF86FFD570C0F89DC0A3F81E" author="Font, W. F. & Lotz, J. M." box="[1211,1424,1915,1941]" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" pagination="1937" refId="ref35335" refString="Font, W. F. & Lotz, J. M. (2008) Family Macroderoididae McMullen, 1937. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 373 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0373" type="book chapter" year="2008">Font & Lotz 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we believe, accordingly, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD5758BF879C62EF832" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[496,797,1951,1977]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD5758BF879C62EF832" box="[496,797,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD5774AF879C6F0F833" box="[817,963,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD57071F879C075F832" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[1034,1350,1951,1977]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Anomalomacroderoiditrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF86FFD57071F879C075F832" box="[1034,1350,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="480">Anomalomacroderoiditrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not belong within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD5751AF825C717F856" authorityName="McMullen" authorityYear="1937" box="[353,548,1987,2013]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Macroderoididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF86FFD57626F825C631F856" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1902" box="[605,770,1987,2013]" class="Trematoda" family="Allocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="35" pageNumber="480" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Allocreadiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
may represent a potential family for both genera based on a high similarity in most diagnostic features (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF81FFD276D5FF71C6AAFF3A" author="Caira, J. N. & Bogea, T." box="[686,921,150,177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" pagination="1902" refId="ref33622" refString="Caira, J. N. & Bogea, T. (2005) Family Allocreadiidae Looss, 1902. In: Jones, A., Bray, R. A. & Gibson, D. I. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 2. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 417 - 436. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995878.0417" type="book chapter" year="2005">Caira & Bogea 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) except allocreadiids are aspinose trematodes whereas both genera in question have a distinctly spinose body. Therefore, we believe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27014FF5DC0AFFF5E" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[1135,1436,187,213]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27014FF5DC0AFFF5E" box="[1135,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD274DAFF39C41DFF73" box="[161,302,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27516FF39C79AFF72" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[365,681,223,249]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Anomalomacroderoiditrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27516FF39C79AFF72" box="[365,681,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Anomalomacroderoiditrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not appear to be allocreadiids either.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E64D8309FF81FFD274BCFEE5C6AFFD92" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">
|
||
Focusing on the characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27630FEE5C64BFE96" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[587,888,259,285]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27630FEE5C64BFE96" box="[587,888,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD277F1FEE5C12BFE97" box="[906,1048,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27022FEE5C0A6FE96" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[1113,1429,259,285]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Anomalomacroderoiditrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27022FEE5C0A6FE96" box="[1113,1429,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Anomalomacroderoiditrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we find strong similarities with taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27634FEC1C7FAFECA" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[591,713,295,321]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27634FEC1C7FAFECA" box="[591,713,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD276A2FEC1C655FECB" box="[729,870,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) and its closely related group of genera (i.e., those that have a unipartite, saccate seminal vesicle:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD276CEFEADC64EFEEF" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[693,893,331,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Homeoastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD276CEFEADC64EFEEF" box="[693,893,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Homeoastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD277F6FEADC179FEEE" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[909,1098,331,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ichthyastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD277F6FEADC179FEEE" box="[909,1098,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Ichthyastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27020FEADC1D4FEEE" authorityName="Boeger & Thatcher" authorityYear="1983" box="[1115,1255,331,357]" class="Trematoda" genus="Kalipharynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27020FEADC1D4FEEE" box="[1115,1255,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Kalipharynx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD2708CFEADC059FEEE" authorityName="Qiu, Zhang & Li" authorityYear="1983" box="[1271,1386,331,357]" class="Trematoda" genus="Longigula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2708CFEADC059FEEE" box="[1271,1386,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Longigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD274ECFE89C467FE02" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,340,367,393]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD274ECFE89C467FE02" box="[151,340,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Plesioastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); however, there are some differential features.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27706FE89C199FE02" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[893,1194,367,393]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27706FE89C199FE02" box="[893,1194,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD270C6FE89C07FFE03" box="[1213,1356,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) is the most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27530FE75C4F6FE26" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[331,453,403,429]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27530FE75C4F6FE26" box="[331,453,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD275ADFE75C756FE27" box="[470,613,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) except for the former having an I-shaped excretory vesicle and its host group restricted to bagrid catfishes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27657FE51C748FE5B" box="[556,635,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Mystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27657FE51C748FE5B" box="[556,635,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Mystus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD276F2FE51C7D3FE5A" authorityName="Holly" authorityYear="1939" box="[649,736,439,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Sperata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD276F2FE51C7D3FE5A" box="[649,736,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Sperata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD2776CFE51C13AFE5A" authority="Lacepede" authorityName="Lacepede" box="[791,1033,439,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Tachysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2776CFE51C6A5FE5A" box="[791,918,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Tachysurus</emphasis>
|
||
Lacépède
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF81FFD27030FE51C02EFE5A" author="Truong, T. N. & Curran, S. S. & Dutton, H. R. & Bullard, S. A." box="[1099,1309,439,465]" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" pagination="697 - 711" refId="ref40618" refString="Truong, T. N., Curran, S. S., Dutton, H. R. & Bullard, S. A. (2021) Resurrection and emendation of Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta & Agrawal, 1968 (Digenea: Macroderoididae), description of a new species from Vietnam, and comments on the systematics of macroderoidid genera. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 697 - 711. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 021 - 10006 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Truong
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD270DFFE51C1E6FE5A" box="[1188,1237,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; comments above)
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27490FE3DC431FE7F" box="[235,258,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
having a Y-shaped excretory vesicle and a wide variety of host groups, without any record of freshwater bagrid catfishes, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27509FE19C4DFFD92" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[370,492,511,537]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27509FE19C4DFFD92" box="[370,492,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27586FE19C7B9FD93" box="[509,650,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF81FFD276B5FE19C6A3FD92" author="Karar, Y. F. M. & Blend, C. K. & Dronen, N. P. & Adel, A." box="[718,912,511,537]" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" pagination="36 - 72" refId="ref36803" refString="Karar, Y. F. M., Blend, C. K., Dronen, N. P. & Adel, A. (2021) Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900: An updated concept and revision of species composition for Astiotrema (sensu stricto). Zootaxa, 4991 (1), 36 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4991.1.2" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Karar
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2776EFE19C675FD92" box="[789,838,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E64D8309FF81FFD274BCFDC5C66EFA86" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">
|
||
With the absence of information regarding the excretory vesicle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD277D7FDC5C147FDB7" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[940,1140,547,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Homeoastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD277D7FDC5C147FDB7" box="[940,1140,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Homeoastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD270FAFDC5C00DFDB6" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[1153,1342,547,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ichthyastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD270FAFDC5C00DFDB6" box="[1153,1342,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Ichthyastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27109FDC5C431FDEA" authorityName="Boeger & Thatcher" authorityYear="1983" class="Trematoda" genus="Kalipharynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27109FDC5C431FDEA" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Kalipharynx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27667FDA1C67AFDEA" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[540,841,583,609]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27667FDA1C67AFDEA" box="[540,841,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27722FDA1C6D4FDEB" box="[857,999,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) and these three genera is limited.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27114FDA1C403FD0E" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ichthyastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27114FDA1C403FD0E" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Ichthyastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a canalicular seminal receptacle and is restricted to cyprinid freshwater fish
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD270C4FD8DC43DFD22" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">
|
||
vs
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD270A6FD8DC43DFD22" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Pseudoparamacroderoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27564FD69C49EFD23" box="[287,429,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) which possesses a canalicular seminal receptacle and is reported from freshwater bagrid catfishes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD2757DFD55C4FDFD47" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[262,462,691,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Homeoastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2757DFD55C4FDFD47" box="[262,462,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Homeoastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD276BFFD55C6C2FD46" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[708,1009,691,717]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD276BFFD55C6C2FD46" box="[708,1009,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2707BFD55C1BEFD47" box="[1024,1165,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) by five differential features: a cirrus-pouch in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD275E7FD31C757FD7B" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[412,612,727,752]" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Homeoastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD275E7FD31C757FD7B" box="[412,612,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Homeoastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that does not extend into the hindbody
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27068FD31C119FD7B" box="[1043,1066,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
one extending well into the hindbody to near ovarian level in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27598FD1DC623FC9E" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[483,784,763,789]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27598FD1DC623FC9E" box="[483,784,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2775AFD1DC69CFC9F" box="[801,943,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
); the pars prostatica is fairly long, sigmoid, vesicular proximally and narrower distally
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD276FFFCF9C7A8FCB3" box="[644,667,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
one that is short and straight with the same width along its length; the presence of numerous and distinct glandular cells filling a large space around the pars prostatica and anterior aspect of the seminal vesicle
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2759BFC81C4C4FC0B" box="[480,503,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
few glandular cells occupying a smaller space around the pars prostatica; a ventral sucker of slightly larger size than the oral one
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD276DBFC6DC784FC2F" box="[672,695,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
suckers roughly equal in size; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27038FC6DC038FC2F" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[1091,1291,907,932]" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Homeoastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27038FC6DC038FC2F" box="[1091,1291,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Homeoastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
parasitizes a distinct group of freshwater cichlids
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27649FC49C64EFC42" box="[562,893,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">
|
||
vs
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD2762BFC49C64EFC42" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[592,893,943,969]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Pseudoparamacroderoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD277F6FC49C129FC43" box="[909,1050,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) that parasitizes freshwater bagrid catfishes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27571FC35C4A5FC66" authorityName="Boeger & Thatcher" authorityYear="1983" box="[266,406,979,1005]" class="Trematoda" genus="Kalipharynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27571FC35C4A5FC66" box="[266,406,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Kalipharynx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
easily can be characterized from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27766FC35C179FC66" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[797,1098,979,1005]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27766FC35C179FC66" box="[797,1098,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27026FC35C1DEFC67" box="[1117,1261,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) by possessing the following combination of features (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF81FFD27604FC11C6AFFB9A" author="Boeger, W. A. & Thatcher, V. E." box="[639,924,1015,1041]" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" pagination="171 - 175" refId="ref32796" refString="Boeger, W. A., Thatcher, V. E. (1983) Kalipharynx piramboae gen. et sp. n. (Trematoda: Fellodistomidae) parasita do peixe pulmonado amazonico Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger. Acta Amazonica, 13, 171 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921983131171" type="journal article" year="1983">Boeger & Thatcher 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF81FFD277D3FC11C19AFB9A" author="Pojmanska, T. & Tkach, V. V. & Gibson, D. I." box="[936,1193,1015,1041]" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" refId="ref38625" refString="Pojmanska, T., Tkach, V. V. & Gibson, D. I. (2008) Genera incertae sedis, genera inquirenda, nomina nuda, larval or collective names and recently erected genera. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 735 - 755. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0735" type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Pojmańska
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27050FC11C16EFB9A" box="[1067,1117,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): the former having a distinctly large ventral sucker, about three times the size of the oral one
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD277CDFBFDC6FEFBBF" box="[950,973,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
the latter possessing nearly equally-sized suckers; ceca that overlap the ventral sucker dorsally
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2769CFBD9C7CDFBD3" box="[743,766,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
ceca that do not overlap it; a papillate pharynx, equal in size with the oral sucker
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27505FB85C4A6FBF7" box="[382,405,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
a non-papillate pharynx, smaller than both suckers; the posterior extent of the cirrus-pouch does not surpass ventral sucker level
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2763BFB61C764FB2B" box="[576,599,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
cirrus-pouch extends well into hindbody; a submedian, extracecal genital pore
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD274AAFB4DC5DBFB4F" box="[209,232,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
a median, intercecal one; an equatorial ovary equal in size to testes
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27796FB4DC137FB4F" box="[1005,1028,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
a pre-equatorial ovary, smaller than testes; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD2756FFB29C493FB62" authorityName="Boeger & Thatcher" authorityYear="1983" box="[276,416,1231,1257]" class="Trematoda" genus="Kalipharynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2756FFB29C493FB62" box="[276,416,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Kalipharynx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
parasitizes a distinct group of freshwater lepidosirenid lungfish
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2700FFB29C1B8FB63" box="[1140,1163,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">vs</emphasis>
|
||
records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27177FB29C40EFA86" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27177FB29C40EFA86" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27536FB15C4E8FA87" box="[333,475,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) from freshwater bagrid catfishes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E64D8309FF81FFD274BCFAF1C1A9F9FE" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">
|
||
Regarding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD2753FFAF1C484FABA" authorityName="Qiu, Zhang & Li" authorityYear="1983" box="[324,439,1303,1329]" class="Trematoda" genus="Longigula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2753FFAF1C484FABA" box="[324,439,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Longigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it possesses papillae-like lateral lobes or ventrolateral lappets on both sides of the oral sucker, a post-equatorial ovary, a distinctly large distance separating the ovary from the ventral sucker, a Y-shaped excretory vesicle and it infects the intestine of geoemydid freshwater turtles (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF81FFD27038FAB9C1C5FAF2" author="Qiu, Z. Z. & Zhang, R. S. & Li, Q. K." box="[1091,1270,1375,1401]" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" pagination="229 - 233" refId="ref38840" refString="Qiu, Z. Z., Zhang, R. S. & Li, Q. K. (1983) A new genus and two new species of the family Plagiorchiidae (Trematoda) found in turtles from Hubei Province, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 8, 229 - 233. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1983">
|
||
Qiu
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2700CFAB9C198FAF2" box="[1143,1195,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8263FEF8FF81FFD2717FFAB9C0A2FAF2" author="Tkach, V. V." box="[1284,1425,1375,1401]" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" pagination="1901" refId="ref40343" refString="Tkach, V. V. (2008) Family Plagiorchiidae Luhe, 1901. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 295 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995885.0295" type="book chapter" year="2008">Tkach 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD274ECFA65C4F7FA16" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,452,1411,1437]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD274ECFA65C4F7FA16" box="[151,452,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD275ACFA65C755FA17" box="[471,614,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) lacks any lateral lobes/lappets around the oral sucker, possesses a pre-equatorial ovary with a small distance separating the ovary from the ventral sucker, an I-shaped excretory vesicle, and is reported from freshwater bagrid catfishes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD276C4FA2DC64FFA6E" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[703,892,1483,1509]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD276C4FA2DC64FFA6E" box="[703,892,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Plesioastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well-differentiated by having a ventral sucker directly ventral to the intestinal bifurcation, an esophageal genital pore, a Y-shaped excretory vesicle and it is found within a distinct reptilian group, colubrid water snakes, as well as from a trionychid freshwater turtle. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD274ECF9D1C4F7F9DA" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,452,1591,1617]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD274ECF9D1C4F7F9DA" box="[151,452,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD275AFF9D1C752F9DB" box="[468,609,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) has a ventral sucker posterior to the intestinal bifurcation, a post-bifurcal genital pore, an I-shaped excretory vesicle and it is restricted to freshwater bagrid catfishes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E64D8309FF81FFD274BCF999C491F8FA" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">
|
||
Concerning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD2752BF999C7BFF912" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[336,652,1663,1689]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Anomalomacroderoiditrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2752BF999C7BFF912" box="[336,652,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Anomalomacroderoiditrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD277DAF999C128F912" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[929,1051,1663,1689]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD277DAF999C128F912" box="[929,1051,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27050F999C184F913" box="[1067,1207,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD270B5F999C0A5F913" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[1230,1430,1663,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Homeoastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD270B5F999C0A5F913" box="[1230,1430,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Homeoastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD274ECF945C467F936" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,340,1699,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ichthyastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD274ECF945C467F936" box="[151,340,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Ichthyastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD2751AF945C4DEF936" authorityName="Boeger & Thatcher" authorityYear="1983" box="[353,493,1699,1725]" class="Trematoda" genus="Kalipharynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD2751AF945C4DEF936" box="[353,493,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Kalipharynx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27581F945C75EF936" authorityName="Qiu, Zhang & Li" authorityYear="1983" box="[506,621,1699,1725]" class="Trematoda" genus="Longigula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27581F945C75EF936" box="[506,621,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Longigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD276D9F945C66CF936" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[674,863,1699,1725]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD276D9F945C66CF936" box="[674,863,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Plesioastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the same features used earlier for differentiating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD274ECF921C4F7F96A" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,452,1735,1761]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD274ECF921C4F7F96A" box="[151,452,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD275AEF921C750F96B" box="[469,611,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) from these aforementioned genera in addition to the four characteristics previously mentioned regarding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27678F90DC60CF88E" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[515,831,1771,1797]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Anomalomacroderoiditrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27678F90DC60CF88E" box="[515,831,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Anomalomacroderoiditrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a lobed ovary; a ventral sucker that overlaps the posterior portion of the intestinal bifurcation and left cecum at its origin; a submedian, extracecal genital pore, sinistral to the intestinal bifurcation; and the distinctive extent of the vitellarium – from pharyngeal level to a little anterior to the cecal extremities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E64D8309FF81FFD374BCF89DC4C7FECA" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">
|
||
In conclusion, based on having a combination of features including the unipartite saccate internal seminal vesicle, I-shaped excretory vesicle, conspicuous spinose body, and distinct host group, our findings demonstrate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD274ECF825C4E0F856" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,467,1987,2013]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Anomalomacroderoiditrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD274ECF825C4E0F856" box="[151,467,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Anomalomacroderoiditrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF81FFD27674F825C60FF856" authorityName="Gupta & Agrawal" authorityYear="1968" box="[527,828,1987,2013]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" genus="Pseudoparamacroderoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="481" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27674F825C60FF856" box="[527,828,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">Pseudoparamacroderoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF81FFD27734F825C6ECF857" box="[847,991,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="481">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) are plagiorchioid genera morphologically closer to taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF80FFD375E0FF71C726FF3A" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1900" box="[411,533,151,177]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Astiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="37" pageNumber="482" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF80FFD375E0FF71C726FF3A" box="[411,533,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="482">Astiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF80FFD37653FF71C78BFF3B" box="[552,696,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="482">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) and its closely related group of genera (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF80FFD370ECFF71C06CFF3B" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[1175,1375,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Homeoastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="37" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF80FFD370ECFF71C06CFF3B" box="[1175,1375,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="482">Homeoastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF80FFD37114FF71C403FF5E" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ichthyastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="37" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF80FFD37114FF71C403FF5E" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="482">Ichthyastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF80FFD3753AFF5DC4FEFF5E" authorityName="Boeger & Thatcher" authorityYear="1983" box="[321,461,187,213]" class="Trematoda" genus="Kalipharynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="37" pageNumber="482" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF80FFD3753AFF5DC4FEFF5E" box="[321,461,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="482">Kalipharynx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF80FFD375A5FF5DC762FF5E" authorityName="Qiu, Zhang & Li" authorityYear="1983" box="[478,593,187,213]" class="Trematoda" genus="Longigula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="482" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF80FFD375A5FF5DC762FF5E" box="[478,593,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="482">Longigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF80FFD376F5FF5DC678FF5E" authorityName="Karar & Blend & Dronen & Adel" authorityYear="2023" box="[654,843,187,213]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" genus="Plesioastiotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="37" pageNumber="482" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4865F1BFF80FFD376F5FF5DC678FF5E" box="[654,843,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="482">Plesioastiotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). By contrast, our investigations exclude these two genera from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF80FFD37534FF39C4C4FF72" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1902" box="[335,503,223,249]" class="Trematoda" family="Allocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="37" pageNumber="482" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Allocreadiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF80FFD37650FF39C7DEFF72" authorityName="McMullen" authorityYear="1937" box="[555,749,223,249]" class="Trematoda" family="Macroderoididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="37" pageNumber="482" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Macroderoididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or any known family of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF80FFD37048FF39C1D4FF72" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1901" box="[1075,1255,223,249]" class="Trematoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="37" pageNumber="494" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Plagiorchioidea">Plagiorchioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In other words, the family designation of these two genera remains uncertain, thus, we propose both to belong within the expanded concept of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21F2F88AFF80FFD37546FEC1C4C2FECA" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1901" box="[317,497,295,321]" class="Trematoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="37" pageNumber="494" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Plagiorchioidea">Plagiorchioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |