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<document id="2697DEBF6F32279ECB803C961679C7B7" ID-DOI="10.1590/S1679-62252008000200001" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10558366" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1698180736224" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Lucinda, Paulo Henrique Franco" docDate="2008" docId="0D2787D41D68FF9BDCE55761C516FA28" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.6.2.113-158.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (2)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252008000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Phalloceros Lucinda 2008" docType="key" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="F11EFFAC1D40FFB1DC6D516EC41EFF81" masterDocTitle="Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with the description of twenty-one new species" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="153" updateTime="1706210653105" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EFAD5D0EBB48EF8981A8CF84BDA84681">Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with the description of twenty-one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4ACE42724070F0AEC5BC4A76696AA67D">Lucinda, Paulo Henrique Franco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FA6BE6A8C3F26DBC6C52920A7DF5A853">Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6F7192FAA2FC41B6B303481BD10C8F00">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A315DB26E479DF00394C5BA953840448">2008-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="4CEC0C855A5F9D36F2DB9A6B261C2B96">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CC693AF95D09D1F6D70A19AA76721E1F" type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252008000200001</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3C1A9BE5CB8AADBE2514FDAA45BCB6CB" type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0D2787D41D68FF9BDCE55761C516FA28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10064543" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10064543" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D2787D41D68FF9BDCE55761C516FA28" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D2787D41D68FF9BDCE55761C516FA28" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<subSubSection id="CD9465491D68FF99DCE55761C5CCF9A7" box="[136,466,1551,1574]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DCE55761C5CCF9A7" blockId="40.[136,466,1551,1574]" box="[136,466,1551,1574]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99DCE55761C5CCF9A7" bold="true" box="[136,466,1551,1574]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
Key to species of
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99DD2B5761C5CCF9A7" bold="true" box="[326,466,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D68FF99DD2B5761C5D5F9A7" ID-CoL="6MQG" ID-ENA="55107" authorityName="Lucinda" authorityYear="2008" box="[326,459,1551,1574]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phalloceros</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CD9465491D68FF9BDCE55721C516FA28" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="40" pageNumber="153" type="key">
<key id="F11F61F31D68FF9BDCE55721C516FA28" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D68FF99DCE55721C717F8A7" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DCE55721C714F927" blockId="40.[136,779,1615,1926]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DCE55721C714F927" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
1. Female urogenital papilla slightly left turned and with a lateral ramus (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DD505701C592F907" box="[317,396,1647,1670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[816,854,1842,1865]" captionTargetBox="[816,1459,1228,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-451@14.[816,1459,1228,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 16. Urogenital region of female of Phalloceros leptokeras, MCP 30512.(A) ventral view; (B) lateral view of left side.A = anus; AF = anal fin; PF = pelvic fin; UGP = urogenital papilla. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558382/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Hooks of the gonopodial appendix large and sickle like (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DD1057E1C5CCF927" box="[381,466,1679,1702]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[809,848,846,869]" captionTargetBox="[809,1452,174,828]" captionTargetId="figure-739@13.[809,1452,174,839]" captionText="Fig. 14. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros tupinamba, MCP 20585. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays.Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569752/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DDB657E1C5E9F927" box="[475,503,1679,1702]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[129,168,509,532]" captionTargetBox="[130,766,159,494]" captionTargetId="figure-641@15.[129,772,159,493]" captionText="Fig. 17. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros leptokeras, MCP 30512. (a) ventrolateral view; (b) lateral view. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. H = hook. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569754/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DE6D57E1C605F927" box="[512,539,1679,1702]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[138,176,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[138,778,1584,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-549@16.[138,781,1600,1898]" captionText="Fig. 20. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros aspilos, MCP 30509. R3, R4a,R4p,R5a,R5pindicate gonopodial rays.Scale bar 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569758/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">20</figureCitation>
) ................................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DCE557C1C717F8A7" blockId="40.[136,779,1615,1926]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DCE557C1C717F8A7" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
1’. Female urogenital papilla turned to the right (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DEFA57C1C6F8F947" box="[663,742,1711,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[129,168,1006,1029]" captionTargetBox="[129,772,172,962]" captionTargetId="figure-442@41.[129,772,172,962]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 52. Urogenital region of female of Phalloceros spiloura, MCP 29270. (A) ventral view; (B) lateral view of right side.A = anus; AF = anal fin; PF = pelvic fin; UGO = urogenital opening; UGP = urogenital papilla. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558418/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
) or straight along midline (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DDFF57A1C5C5F967" box="[402,475,1743,1766]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[127,166,1808,1831]" captionTargetBox="[127,770,1189,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-443@41.[127,770,1189,1767]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 53. Urogenital region of female of Phalloceros titthos, MZUSP 79670. (A) ventral view; (B) lateral view of left side, pelvic fin.A = anus;AF = anal fin; UGO = urogenital opening; UGP = urogenital papilla. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558420/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
) Lateral ramus absent. Hooks of the gonopodial appendix absent or present, but never large and sickle like (
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99DDEE5661C591F8A7" box="[387,399,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">e</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99DDFB5661C5BDF8A7" box="[406,419,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">g</emphasis>
.
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DDC35661C5E4F8A7" box="[430,506,1807,1830]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,173,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[136,764,1358,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-599@24.[136,779,1391,1857]" captionText="Fig. 28.Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros harpagos, MCP 20569. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569766/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
) ....................................... 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D68FF99DCE55641C672F807" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DCE55641C714F8C7" blockId="40.[136,779,1615,1926]" box="[136,778,1839,1862]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DCE55641C714F8C7" box="[136,778,1839,1862]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">2. Lateral spot present .............................................................. 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DCE55621C672F807" blockId="40.[136,779,1615,1926]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DCE55621C672F807" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
2’. Lateral spot absent ............................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D68FF99DE555621C715F8E7" ID-CoL="4FRTP" box="[568,779,1871,1894]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspilos">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99DE555621C715F8E7" box="[568,779,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Phalloceros aspilos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rio Parati-Mirim drainage, Rio de Janeiro)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D68FF99DF5D51DDC13EFE2B" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D51DDC122FEAB" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D51DDC122FEAB" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
3. Lateral spot densely pigmented, rectangle like, horizontally covering the length corresponding to two or three scales length (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DFF3519DC7F6FE8B" box="[926,1000,243,266]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[136,175,791,814]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,175,770]" captionTargetId="figure-493@14.[340,1247,175,770]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 15. Phalloceros leptokeras. (A) Holotype, male, 22.3 mm SL, MNRJ 23606, rio São Francisco, tributary to rio Paquequer Fazenda São Francisco de Paula, Sapucaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MNRJ 22509, 33.7mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558380/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) ..............................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D68FF99D8AD519DC1ADFE8B" ID-CoL="4FRTZ" box="[1216,1459,243,266]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptokeras">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99D8AD519DC1ADFE8B" box="[1216,1459,243,266]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Phalloceros leptokeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lower portions of rio Paraíba do Sul drainage)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D505DC13EFE2B" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D505DC13EFE2B" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
3’. Lateral spot normally pigmented, vertically elongated, and horizontally covering the length corresponding to one scale length (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DFB4501DC03AFE0B" box="[985,1060,371,394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[136,175,749,772]" captionTargetBox="[348,1255,174,732]" captionTargetId="figure-611@12.[348,1255,174,732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 13. Phalloceros tupinamba. (A) Holotype, male, 22.4 mm SL, MCP 30408, rio Macacu, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 20585, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558378/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) ....................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D68FF99D8D6501DC1ADFE0B" ID-CoL="777K9" box="[1211,1459,371,394]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tupinamba">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99D8D6501DC1ADFE0B" box="[1211,1459,371,394]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Phalloceros tupinamba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(rio Itamambuca and rio Macacu drainages)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D68FF99DF5D50DDC1ADFDEB" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D50DDC1ADFD8B" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D50DDC1ADFD8B" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
4. Female urogenital papilla straight, located along midventral line and between the anus and the base of first anal-fin ray (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DF3B509DC781FD8B" box="[854,927,499,522]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[127,166,1808,1831]" captionTargetBox="[127,770,1189,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-443@41.[127,770,1189,1767]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 53. Urogenital region of female of Phalloceros titthos, MZUSP 79670. (A) ventral view; (B) lateral view of left side, pelvic fin.A = anus;AF = anal fin; UGO = urogenital opening; UGP = urogenital papilla. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558420/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
) ................................................................................ 14
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D537DC1ADFDEB" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D537DC1ADFDEB" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
4’. Female urogenital papilla curved to the right, located laterally (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DFEB535DC7C9FDCB" box="[902,983,563,586]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[129,168,1006,1029]" captionTargetBox="[129,772,172,962]" captionTargetId="figure-442@41.[129,772,172,962]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 52. Urogenital region of female of Phalloceros spiloura, MCP 29270. (A) ventral view; (B) lateral view of right side.A = anus; AF = anal fin; PF = pelvic fin; UGO = urogenital opening; UGP = urogenital papilla. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558418/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
). Border of the anal aperture in contact with the first anal-fin ray or very close to it .............................. 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D68FF99DF5D531DC1B3FCAB" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D531DC1ADFD0B" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" box="[816,1459,627,650]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D531DC1ADFD0B" box="[816,1459,627,650]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">5. Caudal peduncle spot absent .............................................. 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D53FDC1B3FCAB" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D53FDC1B3FCAB" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
5’. Caudal peduncle spot present (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99D8ED53FDC0D6FD2B" box="[1152,1224,659,682]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[129,168,763,786]" captionTargetBox="[336,1243,174,743]" captionTargetId="figure-615@37.[336,1243,174,743]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 48. Phalloceros spiloura. (A) Holotype, male, 22.0 mm SL, MCP 30401, creek ca. 200 m from arroio do Padre, Itati, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 29270, 25.0 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558414/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99D8B553FDC1ADFD4B" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
.................................... .............................................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D68FF99D8B753DDC1ADFD4B" ID-CoL="76VK9" box="[1242,1459,691,714]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiloura">Phalloceros spiloura</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Rio Tubarão, rio Itajaí-Açu, rio Iguaçu, rio Itapocu, rio Mampituba, rio Cubatão [Norte], rio Tramandaí drainages, coastal drainages of Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D68FF99DF5D525DC09DFB8B" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D525DC1ADFCEB" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D525DC1ADFCEB" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">6. Gonopodium appendix normally developed, not expanded in wing like projections ........................................................ 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D521DC09DFB8B" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D521DC09DFB8B" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
6’. Gonopodium appendix greatly expanded in wing like projections (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DFC352FDC7E7FC2B" box="[942,1017,915,938]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[809,848,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[790,1452,1570,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-522@29.[809,1452,1591,1857]" captionText="Fig. 37. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros megapolos, MCP 13735. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays.Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569776/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
) ...........................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D68FF99D8D152FDC1ADFC2B" ID-CoL="777JW" box="[1212,1459,915,938]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megapolos">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99D8D152FDC1ADFC2B" box="[1212,1459,915,938]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Phalloceros megapolos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(drainages of the rio São João, rio Cubatão [Norte] and small adjacent drainages, which flows to the Baía de Guaratuba in Santa Catarina)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D68FF99DF5D557DC1ADFACB" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D557DC1ADFB2B" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D557DC1ADFB2B" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
7. Halves of gonopodial paired appendix slender, not sickle like, and similar to each other, bearing a medial corner. Hook on both halves of gonopodial paired appendix. Both hooks large, downward directed, and located at the corner of gonopodial appendix (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99D85E55FDC099FB2B" box="[1075,1159,1171,1194]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[129,168,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[129,774,1518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-465@27.[129,772,1588,1865]" captionText="Fig. 33. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros alessandrae, MCP 30402.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569772/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Figs. 33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99D8FD55FDC0B5FB2B" box="[1168,1195,1171,1194]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[817,856,1242,1265]" captionTargetBox="[816,1463,864,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-486@28.[820,1463,900,1221]" captionText="Fig. 35. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros malabarbai, holotype, MZUSP 79669. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. H = hook. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569774/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">35</figureCitation>
) ..................................... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D55DDC1ADFACB" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D55DDC1ADFACB" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
7’. Halves of gonopodial paired appendix sickle like; medial corner absent. Hook on left half of gonopodial paired appendix only. Right hook absent. Left hook small, directed downward or up- and forward, and located close to the base of gonopodial appendix (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99D8E9545DC0C4FACB" box="[1156,1242,1331,1354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[129,168,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[129,772,1465,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-827@31.[129,772,1465,1831]" captionText="Fig. 39. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros lucenorum, MCP 12197.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569778/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Figs. 39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99D88F545DC0E1FACB" box="[1250,1279,1331,1354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[809,847,1874,1897]" captionTargetBox="[794,1452,1512,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-576@33.[809,1452,1540,1859]" captionText="Fig. 43. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros buckupi, MCP 31190. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569782/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">43</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99D965545DC13BFACB" box="[1288,1317,1331,1354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[129,168,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[129,764,1467,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-929@35.[129,772,1467,1863]" captionText="Fig. 45. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros anisophallos, MCP 12603.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569784/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99D940545DC154FACB" box="[1325,1354,1331,1354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[816,854,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[796,1459,1516,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-544@36.[816,1459,1544,1854]" captionText="Fig. 47. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros pellos, MHNCI 9068. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569786/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99D93E545DC170FACB" box="[1363,1390,1331,1354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[136,174,529,552]" captionTargetBox="[136,776,174,514]" captionTargetId="figure-793@40.[136,779,174,515]" captionText="Fig. 51. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros reisi, MCP 20579.(a) ventrolateral view; (b) lateral view. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. H = hook. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569790/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">51</figureCitation>
) ...... 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D68FF99DF5D543DC7D6F94B" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D543DC055FA6B" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D543DC055FA6B" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
8. Gonopodial appendix long and strongly arched at the distal tip. Distal portion bent upward. Left and right halves free not coalescent at the base (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99D8C354FDC0E1FA2B" box="[1198,1279,1427,1450]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[817,856,1242,1265]" captionTargetBox="[816,1463,864,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-486@28.[820,1463,900,1221]" captionText="Fig. 35. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros malabarbai, holotype, MZUSP 79669. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. H = hook. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569774/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
) ........................ ...........................................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D68FF99D8D154DDC1ADFA4B" ID-CoL="76VK8" authorityName="Lucinda" authorityYear="2008" box="[1212,1459,1459,1482]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabarbai">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99D8D154DDC1ADFA4B" box="[1212,1459,1459,1482]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Phalloceros malabarbai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Itapoá, Santa Catarina)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D549DC7D6F94B" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D549DC7D6F94B" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
8’. Gonopodial appendix long and straight at the distal tip. Distal portion straight and oblique, forming a 45
<superScript id="72FB9B8A1D68FF99D907577CC171F9A1" attach="left" box="[1386,1391,1554,1568]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">º</superScript>
angle with the vertical axis. Left and right halves coalescent at the base (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DFDC573DC7E0F9EB" box="[945,1022,1619,1642]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[129,168,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[129,774,1518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-465@27.[129,772,1588,1865]" captionText="Fig. 33. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros alessandrae, MCP 30402.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569772/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
) .......................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D68FF99D8C6573DC1ADF9EB" ID-CoL="4FRTM" box="[1195,1459,1619,1642]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandrae">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99D8C6573DC1ADF9EB" box="[1195,1459,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Phalloceros alessandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(flooded areas on margins nearby Antonina [Paraná] and rio Dois de Fevereiro, which flows into the Baía de Paranaguá)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D68FF98DF5D57BDC181FF48" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF99DF5D57BDC1ADF8AB" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF99DF5D57BDC1ADF8AB" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
9. Halves of gonopodial paired appendix wide and distinct from each other; right half wider than left one (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99D95F579DC197F88B" box="[1330,1417,1779,1802]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[129,168,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[129,772,1465,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-827@31.[129,772,1465,1831]" captionText="Fig. 39. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros lucenorum, MCP 12197.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569778/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Figs. 39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99D9FF579DC1B1F88B" box="[1426,1455,1779,1802]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[816,855,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[814,1459,1430,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-557@32.[816,1459,1552,1814]" captionText="Fig. 41. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros uai, MCP 30511. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569780/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">41</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DF22567DC775F8AB" box="[847,875,1811,1834]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[129,168,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[129,764,1467,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-929@35.[129,772,1467,1863]" captionText="Fig. 45. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros anisophallos, MCP 12603.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569784/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DF1E567DC791F8AB" box="[883,911,1811,1834]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[816,854,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[796,1459,1516,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-544@36.[816,1459,1544,1854]" captionText="Fig. 47. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros pellos, MHNCI 9068. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569786/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DFFA567DC7ACF8AB" box="[919,946,1811,1834]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[136,174,529,552]" captionTargetBox="[136,776,174,514]" captionTargetId="figure-793@40.[136,779,174,515]" captionText="Fig. 51. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros reisi, MCP 20579.(a) ventrolateral view; (b) lateral view. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. H = hook. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569790/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">51</figureCitation>
) ............................................................................. 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D68FF98DF5D565DC181FF48" blockId="40.[816,1460,179,1930]" lastBlockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D68FF98DF5D565DC181FF48" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">
9’. Halves of gonopodial paired appendix slender and similar to each other (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D68FF99DF89563DC02EF8EB" box="[996,1072,1875,1898]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[809,847,1874,1897]" captionTargetBox="[794,1452,1512,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-576@33.[809,1452,1540,1859]" captionText="Fig. 43. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros buckupi, MCP 31190. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569782/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
) ......................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D68FF99D8BA563DC1ADF8EB" ID-CoL="4FRTQ" box="[1239,1459,1875,1898]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckupi">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D68FF99D8BA563DC1ADF8EB" box="[1239,1459,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="153">Phalloceros buckupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(rio Jacareí drainage and neighbouring, which flows to the Baía de Paranaguá in the coast of Paraná State of Brazil)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D69FF98DF4451BCC0ADFE08" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF4451BCC1B5FEA8" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF4451BCC1B5FEA8" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
10. Lateral spot of large specimens absent or when present narrow, elliptical to roundish, or vertically elongated but never square-shaped (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D845507CC063FEA8" box="[1064,1149,274,297]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[138,177,777,800]" captionTargetBox="[344,1251,174,751]" captionTargetId="figure-661@30.[344,1251,174,751]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 38. Phalloceros lucenorum. (A) Holotype, male, 26.1 mm SL, MCP 30404, Juquiá, creek on road BR 116, near Juquiá (affluent to rio Juquiá), São Paulo, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 12197, 33.5 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558402/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Figs. 38</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D8EB507CC0BDFEA8" box="[1158,1187,274,297]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[136,174,779,802]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,175,762]" captionTargetId="figure-595@34.[340,1247,175,762]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 44. Phalloceros anisophallos. (A) Holotype, male, 28.2 mm SL, MCP 30403, rio São Roque nearby road BR 101 N of Parati, Parati, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 12603, 41.3 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558410/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">44</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D8C1507CC0D7FEA8" box="[1196,1225,274,297]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[136,175,789,812]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,174,774]" captionTargetId="figure-603@36.[340,1247,174,774]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 46. Phalloceros pellos. (A) Holotype, male, 26.4 mm SL, MCP 31142, Antonina, lateral pond on road near rio Nunes, Paraná, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 31141, 29.9 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558412/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">46</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D8BC507CC0F3FEA8" box="[1233,1261,274,297]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[129,168,741,764]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,174,719]" captionTargetId="figure-812@39.[340,1247,174,719]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 50. Phalloceros reisi. (A) Holotype, male, 27.3 mm SL, MCP 30407, creek on Iporanga exit to Apiaí, Apiaí, São Paulo, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 20579, 34.6 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558416/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">50</figureCitation>
) ....................... 11
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF44505CC0ADFE08" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF44505CC0ADFE08" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
10’. Lateral spot wide and square-shaped in large specimens (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98DF22503CC784FEE8" box="[847,922,338,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[136,174,714,737]" captionTargetBox="[342,1249,171,692]" captionTargetId="figure-556@32.[342,1249,171,692]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 40. Phalloceros uai. (A) Holotype, male, 16.6 mm SL, MNRJ 23608, córrego do Jaque, tributary to the left margin of the rio das Velhas, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 30511, 31.8 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558404/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
) .......................................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D69FF98D965503CC1B5FEE8" ID-CoL="6V7JY" box="[1288,1451,338,361]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uai">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98D965503CC1B5FEE8" box="[1288,1451,338,361]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Phalloceros uai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(rio das Velhas, rio São Francisco)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D69FF98DF4450FCC03DFDA8" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF4450FCC1B5FE48" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF4450FCC1B5FE48" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
11. Hook on left half of gonopodial appendix with a rounded or pointed tip (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98DFB450DCC033FE48" box="[985,1069,434,457]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[129,168,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[129,764,1467,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-929@35.[129,772,1467,1863]" captionText="Fig. 45. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros anisophallos, MCP 12603.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569784/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Figs. 45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D85B50DCC04CFE48" box="[1078,1106,434,457]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[816,854,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[796,1459,1516,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-544@36.[816,1459,1544,1854]" captionText="Fig. 47. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros pellos, MHNCI 9068. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569786/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D83750DCC06BFE48" box="[1114,1141,434,457]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[136,174,529,552]" captionTargetBox="[136,776,174,514]" captionTargetId="figure-793@40.[136,779,174,515]" captionText="Fig. 51. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros reisi, MCP 20579.(a) ventrolateral view; (b) lateral view. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. H = hook. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569790/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">51</figureCitation>
) ........................................... 12
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF4450BCC03DFDA8" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF4450BCC03DFDA8" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
11’. Hook on left half of gonopodial appendix with a rectangular tip (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98DFC1509CC7E9FD88" box="[940,1015,498,521]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[129,168,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[129,772,1465,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-827@31.[129,772,1465,1831]" captionText="Fig. 39. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros lucenorum, MCP 12197.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569778/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
) ..........................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D69FF98D8D8509CC1B2FD88" ID-CoL="76VJW" box="[1205,1452,498,521]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucenorum">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98D8D8509CC1B2FD88" box="[1205,1452,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Phalloceros lucenorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(rio Juquiá drainage)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D69FF98DF44535CC7F9FB88" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF44535CC1B5FD48" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF44535CC1B5FD48" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
12. Hook on left half of gonopodial appendix located approximately midway to the distal third of gonopodial appendix (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98DF22531CC7BFFD08" box="[847,929,626,649]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[136,174,529,552]" captionTargetBox="[136,776,174,514]" captionTargetId="figure-793@40.[136,779,174,515]" captionText="Fig. 51. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros reisi, MCP 20579.(a) ventrolateral view; (b) lateral view. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. H = hook. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569790/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
). Lateral spot of adult females absent, small, or elliptical to roundish, but never forming a vertical bar (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D9EC53FCC77CFD48" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[129,168,741,764]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,174,719]" captionTargetId="figure-812@39.[340,1247,174,719]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 50. Phalloceros reisi. (A) Holotype, male, 27.3 mm SL, MCP 30407, creek on Iporanga exit to Apiaí, Apiaí, São Paulo, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 20579, 34.6 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558416/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
) ......................................................................................... 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF4453BCC7F9FB88" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF4453BCC7F9FB88" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
12’. Hook on left half of gonopodial appendix near its tip, located approximately between distal quarter and distal third of gonopodial appendix (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D8ED527CC0D3FCA8" box="[1152,1229,786,809]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[129,168,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[129,764,1467,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-929@35.[129,772,1467,1863]" captionText="Fig. 45. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros anisophallos, MCP 12603.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569784/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). Lateral spot of adult females very narrow, forming a vertically elongated bar covering at most the length corresponding to two scales length in horizontal direction and 2-4 scales in vertical direction (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98DFF052FCC7F7FC28" box="[925,1001,914,937]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[136,174,779,802]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,175,762]" captionTargetId="figure-595@34.[340,1247,175,762]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 44. Phalloceros anisophallos. (A) Holotype, male, 28.2 mm SL, MCP 30403, rio São Roque nearby road BR 101 N of Parati, Parati, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 12603, 41.3 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558410/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
) .........................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D69FF98D8F252FCC1B5FC28" ID-CoL="4FRTN" box="[1183,1451,914,937]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anisophallos">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98D8F252FCC1B5FC28" box="[1183,1451,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Phalloceros anisophallos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(drainages of rio Parati, rio Barra Grande, rio São Roque and rio Itinguçu - small coastal drainages of the State of Rio de Janeiro)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<caption id="D1F1664A1D69FF98DCEC5280C683FBE4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10558418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558418/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" startId="41.[129,168,1006,1029]" targetBox="[129,772,172,962]" targetPageId="41" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DCEC5280C683FBE4" blockId="41.[129,771,1006,1125]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98DCEC5280C4CDFB84" bold="true" box="[129,211,1006,1029]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 52.</emphasis>
Urogenital region of female of
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D69FF98DE705280C4A6FBA4" ID-CoL="76VK9" authority=", MCP" authorityName="MCP" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiloura">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98DE705280C6E2FB84" box="[541,764,1006,1029]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Phalloceros spiloura</emphasis>
, MCP
</taxonomicName>
29270. (A) ventral view; (B) lateral view of right side. A = anus; AF = anal fin; PF = pelvic fin; UGO = urogenital opening; UGP = urogenital papilla. Scale bar 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D69FF98DF44557CC7A5FA08" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF44557CC003FB48" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF44557CC003FB48" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
13. Hook on left appendix very small, visible only in large males and under a high magnification (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D8B8555CC13FFBC8" box="[1237,1313,1074,1097]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[816,854,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[796,1459,1516,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-544@36.[816,1459,1544,1854]" captionText="Fig. 47. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros pellos, MHNCI 9068. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569786/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
). Lateral spot always present and evident, not covering more than two scales in horizontal or vertical directions (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D891551CC157FB08" box="[1276,1353,1138,1161]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[136,175,789,812]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,174,774]" captionTargetId="figure-603@36.[340,1247,174,774]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 46. Phalloceros pellos. (A) Holotype, male, 26.4 mm SL, MCP 31142, Antonina, lateral pond on road near rio Nunes, Paraná, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 31141, 29.9 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558412/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
) ............. ...............................................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D69FF98D88555FCC1B5FB28" ID-CoL="6V7K9" box="[1256,1451,1170,1193]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellos">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98D88555FCC1B5FB28" box="[1256,1451,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Phalloceros pellos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Paranaguá, Paraná)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF4455BCC7A5FA08" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF4455BCC7A5FA08" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
13’. Hook on left appendix larger (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D8E155BCC0C6FB68" box="[1164,1240,1234,1257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[136,174,529,552]" captionTargetBox="[136,776,174,514]" captionTargetId="figure-793@40.[136,779,174,515]" captionText="Fig. 51. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros reisi, MCP 20579.(a) ventrolateral view; (b) lateral view. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. H = hook. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569790/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
). Lateral spot absent or small and discrete not covering the length corresponding to one or two scales length in horizontal or vertical directions (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98DFD0545CC017FAC8" box="[957,1033,1330,1353]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[129,168,741,764]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,174,719]" captionTargetId="figure-812@39.[340,1247,174,719]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 50. Phalloceros reisi. (A) Holotype, male, 27.3 mm SL, MCP 30407, creek on Iporanga exit to Apiaí, Apiaí, São Paulo, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 20579, 34.6 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558416/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
) .................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D69FF98D89B545CC1B5FAC8" ID-CoL="76VJX" box="[1270,1451,1330,1353]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reisi">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98D89B545CC1B5FAC8" box="[1270,1451,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Phalloceros reisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(headwaters of rio Tietê, rio Paraíba do Sul, and rio Ribeira de Iguape)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D69FF98DF4454FCC1B5F988" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF4454FCC1B5FA48" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF4454FCC1B5FA48" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
14. Well-defined ocellated lateral spot, roundish to rounded (very rarely absent) (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D87754DCC07FFA48" box="[1050,1121,1458,1481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[129,168,709,732]" captionTargetBox="[337,1244,172,690]" captionTargetId="figure-745@3.[337,1244,172,690]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Phalloceros mikrommatos. (A) Holotype, male, 20.4 mm SL, UFPB 5370, Porto Seguro, rio João de Tiba drainage, Estação Ecológica Pau Brasil; (B) paratype, female, UFPB 2748, 21.9 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558370/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D80754DCC067FA48" box="[1130,1145,1458,1481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[129,168,718,741]" captionTargetBox="[336,1243,175,702]" captionTargetId="figure-754@5.[336,1243,175,702]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Phalloceros leticiae. (A) Holotype, male, 16.2 mm SL, MCP 30551, Aruanã, rio Araguaia drainage. Goiás. Brazil; (B) paratype, female, 20.8 mm SL, MCP 30550, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558372/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D8EF54DCC083FA48" box="[1154,1181,1458,1481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[129,167,855,878]" captionTargetBox="[339,1246,172,835]" captionTargetId="figure-566@25.[339,1246,172,835]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 30. Phalloceros ocellatus. (A) Holotype, male, 16.3 mm SL, MCP 30549, fourth stream flowing east at 26 km from Prado on road from Prado to Cumuruxatiba. Prado, Bahia, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 30548, 24.4 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558394/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">30</figureCitation>
) .................................... 15
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF4454BCC1B5F988" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF4454BCC1B5F988" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
14’. Non-ocellated lateral spot, elliptical, vertically elongated, or absent (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98DFC3549CC7EAF988" box="[942,1012,1522,1545]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[132,171,722,745]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,174,699]" captionTargetId="figure-694@7.[340,1247,174,699]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 8. Phalloceros heptaktinos. (A) Holotype, male, 24.0 mm SL, MCP 30406, stream affluent to arroio dos Ratos, Mariana Pimentel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 19831, 23.6 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558374/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98DF90549CC007F988" box="[1021,1049,1522,1545]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[136,174,779,802]" captionTargetBox="[344,1251,173,758]" captionTargetId="figure-647@8.[344,1251,173,758]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 10. Phalloceros caudimaculatus, MCP 20158, arroio Feitoria, Sapiranga, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.(A) Male, 24.5 mm SL; (B) female,36.8 mmSL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558376/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D84C549CC023F988" box="[1057,1085,1522,1545]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[129,167,685,708]" captionTargetBox="[336,1243,174,665]" captionTargetId="figure-809@17.[336,1243,174,665]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 21. Phalloceros elachistos. (A) Holotype, male, 19.9 mm SL, MCP 30468, córrego Limoeiro, at Praça Oito, Itarana, Espírito Santo, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 30023, 31.5 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558386/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D82B549CC07CF988" box="[1094,1122,1522,1545]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[129,168,722,745]" captionTargetBox="[336,1243,174,704]" captionTargetId="figure-734@19.[336,1243,174,704]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 23. Phalloceros enneaktinos. (A) Holotype, male, 24.2 mm SL, MNRJ 23609, córrego da Toca do Boi, near Condomínio Laranjeiras, Parati, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 31139, 30.7 mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558388/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D807549CC098F988" box="[1130,1158,1522,1545]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[129,167,700,723]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,170,679]" captionTargetId="figure-497@21.[340,1247,170,679]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 25. Phalloceros titthos. (A) Male, 17.1 mm SL, USNM 297945, rio da Praia, near Guaratuba; (B) holotype, female, 35.9 mm SL, MZUSP 79670, creek near beach, Guaratuba, Paraná, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558390/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D69FF98D8E3549CC0B7F988" box="[1166,1193,1522,1545]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[136,175,710,733]" captionTargetBox="[342,1249,175,694]" captionTargetId="figure-886@22.[342,1249,175,694]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 27. Phalloceros harpagos. (A) Holotype, male, 26.9 mm SL, MNRJ 23610, rio São Francisco, tributary to rio Paquequer Fazenda São Francisco de Paula, Sapucaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MNRJ 14745, 36.7mm SL, collected with the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558392/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">27</figureCitation>
) ................................... 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D69FF98DF44577CC79BF928" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF44577CC1B4F9A8" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" box="[809,1450,1554,1577]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF44577CC1B4F9A8" box="[809,1450,1554,1577]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">15. Ten, rarely 9, anal-fin rays in females ............................. 16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF44575CC79BF928" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF44575CC79BF928" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
15’. Eleven anal-fin rays in females..................................
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98DF2A573CC1B2F9E8" box="[839,1452,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
....................................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D69FF98D8F7573CC1B2F9E8" ID-CoL="777K8" box="[1178,1452,1618,1641]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikrommatos">Phalloceros mikrommatos</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(rio João de Tiba drainage, a coastal drainage in the Bahia State)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D69FF98DF4457DCC065F808" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF4457DCC059F888" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF4457DCC059F888" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
16. Postorbital length 39.2-42.2 % SL (females) and 36.7-42.3 % SL (males) .......................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D69FF98D8B757BCC1B5F968" ID-CoL="6V7K8" box="[1242,1451,1746,1769]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leticiae">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98D8B757BCC1B5F968" box="[1242,1451,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Phalloceros leticiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the upper rio Araguaia)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<caption id="D1F1664A1D69FF98DC12567EC628F806" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558420" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10558420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558420/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" startId="41.[127,166,1808,1831]" targetBox="[127,770,1189,1767]" targetPageId="41" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DC12567EC628F806" blockId="41.[127,770,1808,1927]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98DC12567EC4CAF8A6" bold="true" box="[127,212,1808,1831]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Fig. 53.</emphasis>
Urogenital region of female of
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D69FF98DE40567EC4C6F8C6" ID-CoL="777JX" authority=", MZUSP" authorityName="MZUSP" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="titthos">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98DE40567EC6E5F8A6" box="[557,763,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Phalloceros titthos</emphasis>
, MZUSP
</taxonomicName>
79670. (A) ventral view; (B) lateral view of left side, pelvic fin.A = anus; AF = anal fin; UGO = urogenital opening; UGP = urogenital papilla. Scale bar 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="853136C21D69FF98DF44567CC065F808" blockId="41.[809,1452,178,1929]" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D69FF98DF44567CC065F808" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">
16’. Postorbital length 24.8-39.3 % SL (females), and 29.3-38.2 % SL (males) ...................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D69FF98D8AA565CC1B2F8C8" ID-CoL="6V7JX" box="[1223,1452,1842,1865]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D69FF98D8AA565CC1B2F8C8" box="[1223,1452,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="154">Phalloceros ocellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(coastal drainages of Bahia and Espírito Santo States between Prado and Sooretama)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D6AFF9BDCE551DCC714FF68" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<paragraph id="853136C21D6AFF9BDCE551DCC715FF48" blockId="42.[136,780,178,1449]" box="[136,779,178,201]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D6AFF9BDCE551DCC715FF48" box="[136,779,178,201]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
17. Gonopodial appendix hook absent (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D6AFF9BDE7351DCC677FF48" box="[542,617,178,201]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[136,174,779,802]" captionTargetBox="[344,1251,173,758]" captionTargetId="figure-647@8.[344,1251,173,758]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 10. Phalloceros caudimaculatus, MCP 20158, arroio Feitoria, Sapiranga, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.(A) Male, 24.5 mm SL; (B) female,36.8 mmSL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10558376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10558376/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) .................. 18
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D6AFF9BDCE551BCC714FF68" blockId="42.[136,780,178,1449]" box="[136,778,210,233]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D6AFF9BDCE551BCC714FF68" box="[136,778,210,233]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
17’. Gonopodial appendix hook present (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D6AFF9BDE4451BCC66DFF68" box="[553,627,210,233]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,173,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[136,764,1358,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-599@24.[136,779,1391,1857]" captionText="Fig. 28.Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros harpagos, MCP 20569. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569766/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
) ................. 19
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D6AFF9BDCE5519CC519FDE8" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<paragraph id="853136C21D6AFF9BDCE5519CC5C7FE28" blockId="42.[136,780,178,1449]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D6AFF9BDCE5519CC5C7FE28" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
18. Sexual dimorphism on number of dorsal-fin rays: males with 8 rays (very exceptionally seven) and females with seven rays (very exceptionally 8). Lateral spot absent (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D6AFF9BDE8D505CC4AAFEE8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[809,848,1302,1325]" captionTargetBox="[790,1452,856,1271]" captionTargetId="figure-654@7.[809,1452,872,1271]" captionText="Fig. 9. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros heptaktinos, MCP 19831. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays.Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569746/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) ...................................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D6AFF9BDE63503CC715FEE8" ID-CoL="4FRTY" box="[526,779,338,361]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heptaktinos">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D6AFF9BDE63503CC715FEE8" box="[526,779,338,361]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Phalloceros heptaktinos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(tributaries of arroio dos Ratos, Jacuí basin, in Mariana Pimentel, Rio Grande do Sul)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D6AFF9BDCE550DCC519FDE8" blockId="42.[136,780,178,1449]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D6AFF9BDCE550DCC519FDE8" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
18’. Eight dorsal-fin rays in both sexes. Lateral spot usually present .................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D6AFF9BDDB650BCC714FE68" ID-CoL="4FRTS" box="[475,778,466,489]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D6AFF9BDDB650BCC714FE68" box="[475,778,466,489]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Phalloceros caudimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(laguna dos Patos system, drainages of rio Ibicuí and Negro [affluent to rio Uruguai], Tramandaí, Mampituba, coastal drainages of Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay and Argentina).
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D6AFF9BDCE5531CC648FD48" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<paragraph id="853136C21D6AFF9BDCE5531CC715FD08" blockId="42.[136,780,178,1449]" box="[136,779,626,649]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D6AFF9BDCE5531CC715FD08" box="[136,779,626,649]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">19. Eight dorsal-fin rays (very rarely seven or nine) ........... 20</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D6AFF9BDCE553FCC648FD48" blockId="42.[136,780,178,1449]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D6AFF9BDCE553FCC648FD48" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
19’. Nine dorsal-fin rays ...........
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D6AFF9BDD9153FCC714FD28" ID-CoL="4FRTW" box="[508,778,658,681]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="enneaktinos">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D6AFF9BDD9153FCC714FD28" box="[508,778,658,681]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Phalloceros enneaktinos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(córrego da Toca do Boi, Rio de Janeiro)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D6AFF9BDCE553BCC5F8FCE8" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<paragraph id="853136C21D6AFF9BDCE553BCC714FD68" blockId="42.[136,780,178,1449]" box="[136,778,722,745]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D6AFF9BDCE553BCC714FD68" box="[136,778,722,745]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">20. Symphyseal papillae absent ............................................ 21</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D6AFF9BDCE5539CC5F8FCE8" blockId="42.[136,780,178,1449]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D6AFF9BDCE5539CC5F8FCE8" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
20’. Symphyseal papillae present (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D6AFF9BDE7F539CC67BFC88" box="[530,613,754,777]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[129,168,1904,1927]" captionTargetBox="[129,782,1506,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-476@21.[129,772,1529,1888]" captionText="Fig. 26. Upper and lower lip of Phalloceros titthos, MZUSP 43467, showing symphyseal papilla (SP). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569764/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
) ..................... ................................................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D6AFF9BDE28527CC715FCA8" ID-CoL="777JX" box="[581,779,786,809]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="titthos">
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D6AFF9BDE28527CC715FCA8" box="[581,779,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Phalloceros titthos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(coastal drainages flowing to Baia de Guaratuba and Baia de Paranaguá in Paraná State)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3E7A2E671D6AFF9BDCE5521CC516FA28" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<paragraph id="853136C21D6AFF9BDCE5521CC6D2FB08" blockId="42.[136,780,178,1449]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D6AFF9BDCE5521CC6D2FB08" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
21. Small size. Appendix hook minute in adults, forming a lateral minute protuberance (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D6AFF9BDDB452FCC637FC28" box="[473,553,914,937]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[816,855,550,573]" captionTargetBox="[816,1459,175,520]" captionTargetId="figure-934@18.[816,1459,175,520]" captionText="Fig. 22. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros elachistos, MCP 30023.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569760/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Hook absent or tiny (rarely) in juveniles, never situated on the appendix corner. Juveniles never with skin covering the tip of appendix. Distal half of appendix approximately as wide as (or slightly narrower than) proximal half (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D6AFF9BDE6F557CC649FBA8" box="[514,599,1042,1065]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[816,855,550,573]" captionTargetBox="[816,1459,175,520]" captionTargetId="figure-934@18.[816,1459,175,520]" captionText="Fig. 22. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros elachistos, MCP 30023.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569760/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) .......................
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D6AFF9BDCCB555CC714FBC8" box="[166,778,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
..........................................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D6AFF9BDE72555CC714FBC8" ID-CoL="4FRTV" box="[543,778,1074,1097]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elachistos">Phalloceros elachistos</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(drainages of rio Doce, rio Santa Maria da Vitória, rio Jucu, and rio Timbuí, coastal drainages of Espírito Santo)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853136C21D6AFF9BDCE555FCC516FA28" blockId="42.[136,780,178,1449]" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
<keyLead id="3E7F95F71D6AFF9BDCE555FCC516FA28" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
21’. Small to large size. Appendix hook medium or large in adults (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D6AFF9BDC9855DCC55AFB48" box="[245,324,1202,1225]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,173,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[136,764,1358,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-599@24.[136,779,1391,1857]" captionText="Fig. 28.Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros harpagos, MCP 20569. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569766/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). Hook present in juveniles and located on the appendix corner. Juveniles with skin covering the tip of appendix. Distal half of appendix conspicuously narrower than proximal half (
<figureCitation id="1DB52A471D6AFF9BDD83547CC656FAA8" box="[494,584,1298,1321]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,173,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[136,764,1358,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-599@24.[136,779,1391,1857]" captionText="Fig. 28.Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros harpagos, MCP 20569. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10569766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10569766/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
) ......................
<emphasis id="B7FAEAD01D6AFF9BDCCB545CC715FAC8" box="[166,779,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="155">
...........................................................
<taxonomicName id="428E4D411D6AFF9BDE48545CC715FAC8" ID-CoL="4FRTX" box="[549,779,1330,1353]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harpagos">Phalloceros harpagos</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Rio Paraná-Paraguai basin and coastal drainages from rio Itaboapana in Espírito Santo to rio Araranguá in Santa Catarina)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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