plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/DE/14/03DE1418FFEC430CFF1FFDCD74ACBE9D.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

405 lines
42 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="98B1540CA6FA0BC8032F64FD9D80984A" ID-CLB-Dataset="36772" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3878.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99d7f645-f608-49ab-bdff-aa84ad5ec08b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287343" ID-ZooBank="AD19A2D9-7174-4631-A4C8-6B6FDD627D62" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460941165506" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Porcelli, Francesco &amp; Pellizzari, Giuseppina" docDate="2014" docId="03DE1418FFEC430CFF1FFDCD74ACBE9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03878p074.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3878 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Kermes echinatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FFE76C60FFE84306FF88FFA5706AB974" masterDocTitle="Description of female nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes echinatus Balachowsky (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae) based on specimens from Crete and mainland Greece, with a discussion on geographical variation" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698584390829" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="A1C42AA9876B98B0757E1D6E56DE9AAA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="07D2BB57115B62EF31C0DA78369E230F">
<mods:title id="25E203AE0A5B1330D05BEB4E98F4E99F">Description of female nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes echinatus Balachowsky (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae) based on specimens from Crete and mainland Greece, with a discussion on geographical variation</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A575972046822B42B81BD640B0AB74FA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1F373260AB876349F42428C141BFE36C">
<mods:roleTerm id="677B1DF84D4F83A1DC0461177A2ACFED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AD27929223A439A43546A8376A2B422D">Porcelli, Francesco</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FCF47B76561239CB550FA089AE9F7149" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4E2B263800201DCB4F83A49FD95AC102">
<mods:roleTerm id="F95CA8A79D61D1BC72046F190485C96F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5C9A086A021B0F611C954B40C766699B">Pellizzari, Giuseppina</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7C4479E1E2765B0E8DE99C127427DD8B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A2715E426F7431E75CEDBDC21F7D9082" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5A7202F47E289D5829CA03FC743FECA1">
<mods:title id="A91086A802EB2C0487BBDD53BE51B925">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0D74B2C4677B649B402FF2BAE973B0DD">
<mods:date id="A9E109FB68582348D7176FF569D9DAAD">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="EEA7C749B2BAF6A9A74A8047259DD626" type="volume">
<mods:number id="44FF0A9F71F47D7F056E70EC7F69BE93">3878</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="82B3FAED582DFA9696D5D91293F17EFA" type="issue">
<mods:number id="62C6377073B6D080711C9D56951C71FA">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="DA798C524F655B2EA6A9A30FEEEDF086" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E562811C71C7A9849B368DDF8B9302D1">61</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4E78017C4C10ED69DB07F0571D27BF0B">74</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="0F47135C0F0714FE3690EE9FCD0A01B0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="19A5475CA96FE3E9938F707A11E51381" type="CLB-Dataset">36772</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C3A7531368A30FF93BF1A618B6BA8181" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3878.1.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="98B10EC25157587871F7D1754E8FE37C" type="GBIF-Dataset">99d7f645-f608-49ab-bdff-aa84ad5ec08b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="05D3E2504BC94BFCB880FC5D69998DEE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="32D187B5ABCA748D8D6A813FE1F83460" type="Zenodo-Dep">287343</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5C97EB387267EE6B4B61135A7F66518A" type="ZooBank">AD19A2D9-7174-4631-A4C8-6B6FDD627D62</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DE1418FFEC430CFF1FFDCD74ACBE9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5695419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5695419" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE1418FFEC430CFF1FFDCD74ACBE9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE1418FFEC430CFF1FFDCD74ACBE9D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection id="C36DF685FFEC430CFF1FFDCD74ACBE9D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFEC4302FF1FFDCD7332BBF5" blockId="4.[151,856,616,641]" box="[151,856,616,641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D0801262FFEC4302FF1FFDCD7332BBF5" bold="true" box="[151,856,616,641]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FF1FFDCD7332BBF5" bold="true" box="[151,856,616,641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Comments on
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FECBFDCC7208BBF5" bold="true" box="[323,610,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FECBFDCC71BFBBF5" ID-CoL="3R64Z" box="[323,469,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">K. echinatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FE6AFDCC7208BBF5" box="[482,610,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">K. vermilio</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FD15FDCC733BBBF5" box="[669,849,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FD15FDCC733BBBF5" bold="true" box="[669,849,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFEC4302FF1FFD1475F7BBBD" blockId="4.[151,1437,688,2029]" box="[151,1437,688,713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<collectingCountry id="F360E59EFFEC4302FF1FFD1470DCBBBD" box="[151,182,689,713]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">As</collectingCountry>
previously reported
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FE1FFD1472CDBBBD" box="[407,679,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FE1FFD147248BBBD" box="[407,546,689,713]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">K. echinatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FDA5FD1472CDBBBD" box="[557,679,689,713]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">K. vermilio</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FD53FD1473EFBBBD" box="[731,901,689,713]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FD53FD1473EFBBBD" box="[731,901,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share several morphological characters (table 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFEC4302FF4FFD70753EBA23" blockId="4.[151,1437,688,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FF4FFD7072C0BB98" box="[199,682,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Comparative morphology of adult females.</emphasis>
Adult female
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FCC3FD7073BDBB98" box="[843,983,724,748]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FCC3FD7073BDBB98" box="[843,983,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FB86FD707417BB98" box="[1038,1149,724,748]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermili">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FB86FD70744BBB98" box="[1038,1057,725,748]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FBA6FD717417BB98" box="[1070,1149,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">vermili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
o have neither segmented legs, nor vestigial tubercles. Adult females of
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FD17FD5C7327BA64" box="[671,845,760,784]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FD17FD5C7327BA64" box="[671,845,760,784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other described Palearctic and Nearctic
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FACEFD5C75F1BA64" box="[1350,1435,761,784]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FACEFD5C75F1BA64" box="[1350,1435,761,784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Kermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have segmented legs, even if somewhat reduced (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6D8FFFFEC4302FC94FCBE73A6BA47" author="Leonardi" box="[796,972,795,820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refString="Leonardi, G. (1920) Monografia delle cocciniglie Italiane. Della Torre, Portici, 555 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1703" type="book" year="1920">Leonardi, 1920</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6D8FFFFEC4302FC51FCBE74D2BA40" author="Balachowsky" box="[985,1208,795,820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1950) Les Kermes (Hom. Coccidea) des chenes en Europe et dans le bassin Mediterraneen. Proceedings of the International Congress of Entomology, 8, 739 - 754. [Stockholm]" type="journal article" year="1950">Balachowsky, 1950</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6D8FFFFEC4302FB4BFCBE75FDBA40" author="Borchsenius" box="[1219,1431,795,820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecanidodiaspididae, Aclerdidae. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius, 1960</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6D8FFFFEC4302FF1FFC9B7187BA23" author="Bullington" box="[151,493,830,855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refString="Bullington, S. W. &amp; Kosztarab, M. (1985) Studies on the morphology and systematics of scale insects - No. 12. I. Revision of the family Kermesidae (Homoptera) in the Nearctic region based on adult and third instar females. Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Agricultural Experiment Station, 85, 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1985">Bullington &amp; Kosztarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
; Liu, 1995;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6D8FFFFEC4302FDFCFC9B7347BA23" author="Liu" box="[628,813,830,855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refString="Liu, Y. &amp; Shi, Y. (1995) Two new species of Kermes (Homoptera: Coccinea: Kermesidae), with a key to the young adult females of known species of Kermes from China. Insecta Mundi, 9, 155 - 163." type="journal article" year="1995">Liu &amp; Shi, 1995</bibRefCitation>
; Spodek
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FC1CFC9A73AEBA22" box="[916,964,830,854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2012; Spodek &amp; Ben-Dov, 2014).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFEC4302FF4FFCC7716DBC53" blockId="4.[151,1437,688,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
The adult females of
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FE30FCC6722FBA0E" box="[440,581,866,890]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FE30FCC6722FBA0E" box="[440,581,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FDF5FCC67296BA0E" box="[637,764,866,890]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FDF5FCC67296BA0E" box="[637,764,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. vermilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly separable on the basis of several morphological characters (
<tableCitation id="C6F590B5FFEC4302FE91FC2D7105BAD5" box="[281,367,904,929]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,239,836,859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,983,1588]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of some morphological characters in the first instars (sex not determined), female nymphal instars, adult females and second-instar males of K. vermilio Planchon, K. echinatus Balachowsky and K. hermonensis Spodek &amp; Ben-Dov. Data for K. hermonensis are from Spodek &amp; Ben-Dov (2014). instar K. K. K. K. K. vermilio K. K. K." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF08F586FFE3430DFF1FFCE17535BAB8" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="DF08F586FFE3430DFF1FFCE17535BAB8">Table 1</tableCitation>
). In
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FE22FC2C725BBAD4" box="[426,561,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FE22FC2C7247BAD4" box="[426,557,904,928]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">K. vermilio</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the number of marginal spine-like setae increases from 1st -instar (58–72) to adult female (146–266), whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FDA0FC0972D9BAB0" box="[552,691,940,964]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FDA0FC0972D9BAB0" box="[552,691,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the number of marginal spine-like setae is markedly lower than in
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FF1FFC75717EBA93" box="[151,276,975,999]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FF1FFC75717EBA93" box="[151,276,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. vermilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and remains about the same in all instars (52–68). The reduction in the number of antennal segments in
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FF1FFC567149BD7F" box="[151,291,1011,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FF1FFC567149BD7F" box="[151,291,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FED1FC5671BDBD7F" box="[345,471,1011,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FED1FC5671BDBD7F" box="[345,471,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. vermilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is attained in two different ways, taking into account that the first-instar nymphs have 6-segmented antennae. In
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FE48FBB2725ABD5A" box="[448,560,1046,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermili">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FE48FBB2725ABD5A" box="[448,560,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. vermili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
o, the second-instar female has 5-segmented antennae, the third-instar female has 2- or 3-segmented antennae, whereas the adult female has monomerous antennae, each at least 2 times longer than wide. The reduction in the number of segments therefore occurs in a progressive way. However, in
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FA0AFBFB7168BDEC" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FA0AFBFB75FFBD01" box="[1410,1429,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FF1FFB257168BDEC" box="[151,258,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the second-instar female has 1–3-segmented antennae whereas both the third-instar female and adult female have short, tubercle-like antennae. Here, the reduction in the number of segments occurs abruptly between the first- and second-instar females. With regard to the legs, those of the third-instar
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FBD4FB6D74A7BDAB" box="[1116,1229,1223,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermili">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FBD4FB6D74A7BDAB" box="[1116,1229,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. vermili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
o are tubercle-like whereas only the anterior legs are reduced to a tubercle in the third-instar
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FC5EFB49740EBC77" box="[982,1124,1259,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FC5EFB497383BC77" box="[982,1001,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FC7FFB4E740EBC77" box="[1015,1124,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; all other legs are absent or indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFEC4302FF4FFA967176BCC1" blockId="4.[151,1437,688,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
In
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FF6CFA9671FBBC3E" box="[228,401,1330,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FF6CFA9671FBBC3E" box="[228,401,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the number of marginal spine-like setae varies slightly among the different instars, attaining a maximum of 74–80 spines in the third-instar; antennae are 6 segmented in all the instars even if the segmentation is indistinct in some specimens; legs are 3 segmented starting from second-instar female onwards (Spodek &amp; Ben-
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6D8FFFFEC4302FF1FFA38717ABCC1" author="Dov" box="[151,272,1437,1461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2014) ScaleNet: a database of the scale insects of the World. Available from: http: / / www. sel. barc. usda. gov / Scalenet / Scalenet. htm (accessed 1 May 2014)" type="journal article" year="2014">Dov, 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFEC4302FF4FFA64725ABFFD" blockId="4.[151,1437,688,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Marotta &amp; Tranfaglia (2001) first reported and described a pair of frontal lobes near the antennae in second- and third-instar females, second-instar male and prepupa of
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FCB3FA4173D3BC8F" box="[827,953,1507,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FCB3FA4173D3BC8F" box="[827,953,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. vermilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Frontal lobes were also observed by us in the corresponding
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FEE4F9AD7193BF6B" box="[364,505,1543,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FEE4F9AD7193BF6B" box="[364,505,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
instars but were noted only in second-instar males of
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FBE4F9AD7490BF6B" box="[1132,1274,1543,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FBE4F9AD7490BF6B" box="[1132,1274,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Spodek &amp; Ben-Dov (2014). According to the same authors, frontal lobes are present also in
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FBC4F98E7496BF36" box="[1100,1276,1578,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FBC4F98E7496BF36" box="[1100,1276,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
second-instar male.
<collectingCountry id="F360E59EFFEC4302FF53F9EB7090BF12" box="[219,250,1614,1638]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">As</collectingCountry>
reported by Marotta &amp; Tranfaglia (2001), the frontal lobes are much more recognizable in newly-moulted specimens and under phase contrast.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFEC4302FF4FF9307245BE2A" blockId="4.[151,1437,688,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FF4FF930727FBFD9" box="[199,533,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Host plants and distribution.</emphasis>
Both
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FDE9F930729ABFD9" box="[609,752,1685,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FDE9F930729ABFD9" box="[609,752,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FCA6F93073DABFD9" box="[814,944,1685,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FCA6F93073DABFD9" box="[814,944,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. vermilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
live on evergreen oaks:
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FB5DF930750FBFD9" box="[1237,1381,1685,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FB5DF930750FBFD9" box="[1237,1381,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected in
<collectingCountry id="F360E59EFFEC4302FEA3F91D7103BFA5" box="[299,361,1720,1745]" name="Israel" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Israel</collectingCountry>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FE17F91C722ABFA4" box="[415,576,1720,1744]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calliprinos">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FE17F91C722ABFA4" box="[415,576,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Q. calliprinos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Spodek &amp; Ben-Dov, 2012; 2014), whilst in continental
<collectingCountry id="F360E59EFFEC4302FB79F91D7529BFA4" box="[1265,1347,1720,1744]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Greece</collectingCountry>
, it was collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FEA3F979721ABF80" authority="Stathas et al., 2013" authorityName="Stathas et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[299,624,1755,1780]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FEA3F9797112BF80" box="[299,376,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Q. ilex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6D8FFFFEC4302FE01F97E7202BF80" author="Stathas" box="[393,616,1755,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refString="Stathas, G. J., Kartsonas, E. D. &amp; Skouras, P. J. (2013) First record of Kermes echinatus on Quercus ilex. Entomologia Hellenica, 22 (1), 19 - 22." type="journal article" year="2013">
Stathas
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FE6CF979727DBF80" box="[484,535,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and in Crete off
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FCB1F97973ACBF80" box="[825,966,1756,1780]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FCB1F97973ACBF80" box="[825,966,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Q. coccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by us.
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FB96F97974C7BF80" box="[1054,1197,1756,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FB96F97974C7BF80" box="[1054,1197,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously only known from
<collectingCountry id="F360E59EFFEC4302FEA2F95A7102BE6C" box="[298,360,1791,1816]" name="Israel" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Israel</collectingCountry>
but these recent records from Athens and Kalamata on mainland
<collectingCountry id="F360E59EFFEC4302FBD0F95A74CDBE63" box="[1112,1191,1791,1815]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Greece</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6D8FFFFEC4302FB3FF95A75FFBE63" author="Stathas" box="[1207,1429,1791,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refString="Stathas, G. J., Kartsonas, E. D. &amp; Skouras, P. J. (2013) First record of Kermes echinatus on Quercus ilex. Entomologia Hellenica, 22 (1), 19 - 22." type="journal article" year="2013">
Stathas
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FA9AF8A57529BE63" box="[1298,1347,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and from Aradena (Crete) extend the known distribution suggesting that it could be distributed over the same geographical areas as its host plants.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFEC4302FF4FF8CF73C9BED1" blockId="4.[151,1437,688,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FF4FF8CF712FBEF5" box="[199,325,1897,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FF4FF8CF712FBEF5" box="[199,325,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. vermilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded on
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FDCBF8CF7347BEF5" box="[579,813,1897,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FDCBF8CF7347BEF5" box="[579,813,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Quercus rotundifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FCDDF8CF73ADBEF5" box="[853,967,1897,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ballota">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FCDDF8CF73ADBEF5" box="[853,967,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Q. ballota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FC57F8CF7400BEF5" box="[991,1130,1897,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FC57F8CF7400BEF5" box="[991,1130,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Q. coccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FBF0F8CF74A1BEF5" box="[1144,1227,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FBF0F8CF74ACBEF5" box="[1144,1222,1897,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">Q. ilex</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FA8AF8CF7508BEF5" box="[1282,1378,1897,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FA8AF8CF7508BEF5" box="[1282,1378,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Q. suber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it is widely distributed in Mediterranean countries (Ben-Dov
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FC9CF82B732EBED1" box="[788,836,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2014).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFEC4302FF4FF8147313BE98" blockId="4.[151,1437,688,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FF4FF814711CBEBC" box="[199,374,1968,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FF4FF814711CBEBC" box="[199,374,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, just described in
<collectingCountry id="F360E59EFFEC4302FDC1F81572EDBEBD" box="[585,647,1968,1993]" name="Israel" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Israel</collectingCountry>
off
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FD30F8147366BEBC" box="[696,780,1968,1992]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="look">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FD30F8147366BEBC" box="[696,780,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Q. look</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FCCEF8147399BEBC" box="[838,1011,1968,1992]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FCCEF8147399BEBC" box="[838,1011,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Spodek and Ben-Dov (2014), has now been recorded in
<collectingCountry id="F360E59EFFEC4302FE18F871718ABE99" box="[400,480,2004,2029]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Turkey</collectingCountry>
off
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEC4302FD85F871731FBE98" authority="Bora et al., 2014" authorityName="Bora et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[525,885,2004,2028]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="infectoria">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FD85F87172F7BE98" box="[525,669,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Q. infectoria</emphasis>
(Bora
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEC4302FD62F8707370BE98" box="[746,794,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2014)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF08F586FFED4303FF1FF803734FBEC8" box="[151,805,1958,1980]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287344/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[281,1302,204,1922]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFED4303FF1FF803734FBEC8" blockId="5.[151,805,1958,1980]" box="[151,805,1958,1980]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFED4303FF1FF8037179BEC8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1958,1980]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFED4303FE91F802720ABEC8" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[281,608,1958,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFED4303FE91F80271A7BEC8" box="[281,461,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
Balachowsky
</taxonomicName>
: first instar nymph.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF08F586FFEE4300FF1FF8CC73FEBE0B" box="[151,916,1897,1919]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287345/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[161,1430,203,1865]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFEE4300FF1FF8CC73FEBE0B" blockId="6.[151,916,1897,1919]" box="[151,916,1897,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEE4300FF1FF8CC7178BE0B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1897,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEE4300FE91F8CF720ABE0B" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[281,608,1897,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEE4300FE91F8CF71A7BE0B" box="[281,461,1897,1919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
Balachowsky
</taxonomicName>
: second instar nymph, female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF08F586FFEF4301FF1FF8F07317BE1F" box="[151,893,1877,1899]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287346/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" targetBox="[162,1426,203,1846]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFEF4301FF1FF8F07317BE1F" blockId="7.[151,893,1877,1899]" box="[151,893,1877,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEF4301FF1FF8F07178BE1F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1877,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFEF4301FE91F8F3720ABE1F" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[281,608,1877,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFEF4301FE91F8F371A7BE1F" box="[281,461,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
Balachowsky
</taxonomicName>
: third instar nymph, female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF08F586FFE0430EFF1FF8047285BEC3" box="[151,751,1953,1975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287347/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" targetBox="[180,1406,193,1929]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFE0430EFF1FF8047285BEC3" blockId="8.[151,751,1953,1975]" box="[151,751,1953,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE0430EFF1FF8047178BEC3" bold="true" box="[151,274,1953,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFE0430EFE91F807720ABEC3" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[281,608,1953,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE0430EFE91F80771A7BEC3" box="[281,461,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
Balachowsky
</taxonomicName>
: adult female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFE1430FFF1FF8907455BE91" blockId="9.[151,1436,1845,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE1430FFF1FF8907169BE3F" bold="true" box="[151,259,1845,1867]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">PLATE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFE1430FFE81F8927227BE3F" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[265,589,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE1430FFE81F89271D4BE3F" box="[265,446,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
Balachowsky
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE1430FFDDCF890720BBE3F" bold="true" box="[596,609,1845,1867]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">a</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE1430FFDF8F89272DCBE38" box="[624,694,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">In vivo</emphasis>
just moulted third-instar female nymph on twig of
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFE1430FFB37F8937513BE3F" box="[1215,1401,1845,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE1430FFB37F8937513BE3F" box="[1215,1401,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Quercus coccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., Aradena, Crete,
<date id="FFC983CEFFE1430FFECAF8F171B8BE1E" box="[322,466,1876,1898]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" value="2010-04-07">April 7, 2010</date>
;
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE1430FFE57F8F17187BE1E" bold="true" box="[479,493,1876,1898]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">b</emphasis>
) crawler, slide mounted whole body in latero-ventral view;
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE1430FFBEDF8F1741ABE1E" bold="true" box="[1125,1136,1876,1898]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">c</emphasis>
) crawler, marginal spines of metathorax and part of abdomen, to show the two rows of larger (white arrow) and smaller (black arrow) spines;
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE1430FFAAFF8D6755FBEFD" bold="true" box="[1319,1333,1907,1929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">d</emphasis>
) occipital and lateral ventral view of a crawler body margin to show spines;
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE1430FFCA7F8377350BEDC" bold="true" box="[815,826,1938,1960]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">e</emphasis>
) second-instar female nymph, side view; black arrows point to dorsum;
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE1430FFE83F815717EBEB2" bold="true" box="[267,276,1968,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">f</emphasis>
) right-side view of second-instar female nymph to show frontal lobe length (black arrow) in comparison with the length of antenna (white arrow);
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE1430FFE6CF86A719BBE91" bold="true" box="[484,497,1999,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">g</emphasis>
) frontal lobe of second-instar female nymph, from venter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8A50EFFE2430CFF1FF8FD74ACBE9D" blockId="10.[151,1437,1880,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFF1FF8FD716EBE1A" bold="true" box="[151,260,1880,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">PLATE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C77DE8DFFE2430CFE85F8FC723EBE1A" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[269,596,1880,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFE85F8FC71AEBE1A" box="[269,452,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
Balachowsky
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFDD4F8FD7200BE1A" bold="true" box="[604,618,1880,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">h</emphasis>
) third-instar female nymph, dorso-ventrally slide-mounted whole body;
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFAD3F8FD7508BE1A" bold="true" box="[1371,1378,1880,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">i</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFAE6F8FD751CBE1A" bold="true" box="[1390,1398,1880,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">j</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFA0DF8FD75F9BE1A" bold="true" box="[1413,1427,1880,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">k</emphasis>
) abdominal margin respectively of second- and third-instar female nymph and adult female, dorso-ventrally slide-mounted. Excess dorsal cuticle borders the body margin marked by marginal spines (white arrows);
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFBC8F830742DBEDF" bold="true" box="[1088,1095,1941,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">l</emphasis>
) adult female thorax margin;
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFAF6F83075F9BEDF" bold="true" box="[1406,1427,1941,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">m</emphasis>
) adult female ventral bi-trilocular pores (black arrows);
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFD5DF8117289BEBE" bold="true" box="[725,739,1972,1994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
) adult female, abdominal ventral multilocular pores;
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFA99F8117577BEBE" bold="true" box="[1297,1309,1972,1994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">o</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFAA5F8117551BEBE" bold="true" box="[1325,1339,1972,1994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">p</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFAC2F8117532BEBE" bold="true" box="[1354,1368,1972,1994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">q</emphasis>
) adult female tubular ducts;
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFEFBF8767114BE9D" bold="true" box="[371,382,2003,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">r</emphasis>
) adult female, dorso-ventrally slide-mounted whole body;
<emphasis id="B903791CFFE2430CFC5CF87673B4BE9D" bold="true" box="[980,990,2003,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">s</emphasis>
) adult female antenna.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink