409 lines
48 KiB
XML
409 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="78712FA9629F4026BF9BE02DF014BD78">New Coleoptera records from owl nests in Nova Scotia, Canada</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7995C458A4AFB2385E9BEF25FD2E3F74">Majka, Christopher G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B31FBBAD11C402A50EF64602B8A3D67F">Klimaszewski, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF0F5CA3F5DE273932C8ED7D7DFD8BAD">Lauff, Randolph F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="72329AD98055CDED16D7A81C19948C9E">2006</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="4094655E0D7FFFDEFEFB6CCFFE3EFA43" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="083136D50D7FFFDEFEFB6CCFFB32FB74" blockId="4.[264,1276,1164,1190]" box="[264,1276,1164,1190]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="537981B90D7FFFDEFEFB6CCFFB32FB74" bold="true" box="[264,1276,1164,1190]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7FFFDEFEFB6CCFFB32FB74" bold="true" box="[264,1276,1164,1190]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7FFFDEFEFB6CCFFD02FB74" ID-CoL="688QZ" authority="(Erichson)" authorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[264,716,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celata" subGenus="Datomicra">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7FFFDEFEFB6CCFFD8FFB74" bold="true" box="[264,577,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Atheta (Datomicra) celata</emphasis>
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(Erichson)
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7FFFDEFD056CCFFB4CFB74" authority="Casey, 1911" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1911" box="[758,1154,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Datomicra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wrangeli">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7FFFDEFD056CCFFC26FB74" bold="true" box="[758,1000,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Datomicra wrangeli</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D7FFFDEFC1C6CCFFB4CFB74" author="Casey, T. L." box="[1007,1154,1164,1190]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" refId="ref5030" refString="Casey, T. L. (1911) New American species of Aleocharinae and Myllaeinae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, Volume 2. New Era, Lancaster, Pennsylvania." type="book" year="1911">Casey, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. syn nov.]
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="083136D50D7FFFDEFEFB6C94FE3EFA43" blockId="4.[264,1324,1239,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
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These specimens represent the first North American report of this apparently Palearctic species (
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<figureCitation id="90B52A500D7FFFDEFE9C6CBDFE32FACA" box="[367,508,1278,1304]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 25" captionStartId-0="5.[264,368,1861,1885]" captionStartId-1="6.[264,383,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox-0="[439,1123,448,1829]" captionTargetBox-1="[299,1493,286,1515]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[416,1146,428,1852]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[293,1283,310,1530]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Habitus photograph of Atheta (Datomicra) celata (Erichson)." captionText-1="FIGURES 25. Genitalia and terminalia of Atheta (Datomicra) celata (Erichson): 2, median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view; 3, median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 4, male tergite VIII; 5, spermatheca in lateral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2646211/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2646213/files/figure.svg" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7FFFDEFE9C6CBDFE32FACA" bold="true" box="[367,508,1278,1304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Figures 15</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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). It is widely distributed throughout Europe, east throughout eastern and western Siberia, and south to the North African coast (
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<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D7FFFDEFC3D6D64FB35FA93" author="Lobl, I. & Smetana, A." box="[974,1275,1319,1345]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" refId="ref5751" refString="Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (2004) Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera: Volume 2, Hydrophiloidea, Histeroidea, Staphylinoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark. 942 pp." type="book" year="2004">Löbl and Smetana, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). In Europe it is known to inhabit the nests of mammals and birds (
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<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D7FFFDEFC2E6D0CFB58FABB" author="Bickhardt, H." box="[989,1174,1359,1385]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref4832" refString="Bickhardt, H. (1907) Kaefer in Nestern. Entomologische Blatte r, 3, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1907">Bickhardt 1907</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D7FFFDEFB516D0CFE8BFA43" author="Heinemann, R." pageId="4" pageNumber="37" pagination="121 - 126" refId="ref5159" refString="Heinemann, R. (1910) Kafer in Maulwurfsnestern. Entomologische Blatter, 6, 121 - 126." type="journal article" year="1910">Heinemann 1910</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D7FFFDEFEA26D34FE2DFA43" author="Strand, A." box="[337,483,1399,1425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref6296" refString="Strand, A. (1967) Coleoptera in nests of birds of prey. Norsk Entomologisk Tidskrift, 14, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1967">Strand 1967</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4094655E0D7FFFD3FECB6DDCFD05FD9E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph id="083136D50D7FFFDEFECB6DDCFAD4F97B" blockId="4.[264,1324,1239,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
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The distribution and status of
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<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7FFFDEFD696DDCFCCDFA6A" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[666,771,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celata">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7FFFDEFD696DDCFCCDFA6A" box="[666,771,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">A. celata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clearly warrants further investigation to determine the extent of its distribution in
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<collectingCountry id="709976450D7FFFDEFD416D84FCC4FA33" box="[690,778,1479,1505]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Canada</collectingCountry>
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and to shed light on whether it is an adventive Palearctic or a Holarctic species (see below). It is noteworthy that the species was found in both a boreal owl nest on the Cheticamp River in the central Cape Breton highlands and in a northern sawwhet owl nest at Donnelly's Lake in Guysborough County on the mainland of
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<collectingRegion id="CA4AF8370D7FFFDEFEDB6E24FE73F953" box="[296,445,1639,1665]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
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: two different host species at sites that are circa 130 kilometers apart. This suggests that this species may be widely distributed in
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<collectingRegion id="CA4AF8370D7FFFDEFC796ECCFBD4F97B" box="[906,1050,1679,1705]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
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in suitable situations.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="083136D50D7FFFDFFECB6EF4FD93FE54" blockId="4.[264,1324,1239,1905]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1322,284,390]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
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<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D7FFFDEFECB6EF4FE18F903" author="Casey, T. L." box="[312,470,1719,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" refId="ref4996" refString="Casey, T. L. (1910) New species of the staphylinid tribe Myrmedoniini. Memoirs on the Coleoptera 1. The New Era Printing Co., Lancaster, Pennsylvania." type="book" year="1910">Casey (1910)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7FFFDEFDAB6EF4FC86F902" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1911" box="[600,840,1719,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Datomicra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wrangeli">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7FFFDEFDAB6EF4FC86F902" box="[600,840,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Datomicra wrangeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Fort Wrangel,
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<collectingRegion id="CA4AF8370D7FFFDEFBB16EF4FB59F903" box="[1090,1175,1719,1745]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Alaska</collectingRegion>
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. The second author examined two
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<typeStatus id="D73588770D7FFFDEFDF86E9CFDBFF92B" box="[523,625,1759,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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of Casey’s specimens and found no important and consistent morphological differences between
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<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7FFFDEFD096F44FCA7F8F2" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[762,873,1799,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celata">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7FFFDEFD096F44FCA7F8F2" box="[762,873,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">A. celata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Europe,
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<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7FFFDEFBD46F44FB59F8F2" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1063,1175,1799,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celata">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7FFFDEFBD46F44FB59F8F2" box="[1063,1175,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">A. celata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="CA4AF8370D7FFFDEFB186F44FE9AF89B" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7FFFDEFE6E6F6CFD5DF89B" authority="(Casey)" authorityName="Casey" baseAuthorityName="Casey" box="[413,659,1839,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Datomicra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wrangeli">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7FFFDEFE6E6F6CFDE5F89A" box="[413,555,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">A. wrangeli</emphasis>
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(Casey)
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="CA4AF8370D7FFFDEFD156F6CFCF5F89B" box="[742,827,1839,1865]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Alaska</collectingRegion>
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. American specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7FFFDEFB8B6F6CFB28F89A" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1144,1254,1839,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celata">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7FFFDEFB8B6F6CFB28F89A" box="[1144,1254,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">A. celata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have slightly more pronounced granulation of the forebody, a difference we attribute to infraspecific variation. Therefore, we regard all these specimens as belonging to the same species of
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<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7EFFDFFE766907FE21FE8F" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[389,495,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celata">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7EFFDFFE766907FE21FE8F" box="[389,495,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">A. celata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and consequently regard
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<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7EFFDFFCEC6907FBC2FE8C" authority="Casey" authorityName="Casey" baseAuthorityName="Casey" box="[799,1036,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Datomicra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wrangeli">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7EFFDFFCEC6907FC66FE8F" box="[799,936,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">A. wrangeli</emphasis>
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(Casey)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="21C957BC0D7EFFDFFBE76900FB4FFE8F" box="[1044,1153,323,349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7EFFDFFBE76900FB4FFE8F" bold="true" box="[1044,1153,323,349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7EFFDFFEDB692FFD97FE54" authority="(Erichson 1837)" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1837" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[296,601,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celata">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7EFFDFFEDB692FFE5EFE57" box="[296,400,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">A. celata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D7EFFDFFE6C692FFD9EFE54" author="Erichson, W. F." box="[415,592,364,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 384" refId="ref5125" refString="Erichson, W. F. (1837) Die Kafer der Mark Brandenburg 1 (1). F. H. Morin, Berlin. viii + 1 - 384 pp." type="book chapter" year="1837">Erichson 1837</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="5CF1665D0D7EFFDFFEFB6F06FBEEF88E" box="[264,1056,1861,1885]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646211/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" startId="5.[264,368,1861,1885]" targetBox="[439,1123,448,1829]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="083136D50D7EFFDFFEFB6F06FBEEF88E" blockId="5.[264,1056,1861,1885]" box="[264,1056,1861,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7EFFDFFEFB6F06FE44F88F" bold="true" box="[264,394,1861,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Habitus photograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7EFFDFFD7B6F06FBD5F88E" authority="(Erichson)" authorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[648,1051,1861,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celata" subGenus="Datomicra">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7EFFDFFD7B6F06FD03F88E" box="[648,717,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Atheta</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7EFFDFFD276F06FC6FF88E" box="[724,929,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">(Datomicra) celata</emphasis>
|
||
(Erichson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5CF1665D0D7DFFDCFEFB6E46FDC8F9B0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646213/files/figure.svg" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" startId="6.[264,383,1541,1565]" targetBox="[299,1493,286,1515]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="083136D50D7DFFDCFEFB6E46FDC8F9B0" blockId="6.[264,1323,1541,1634]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7DFFDCFEFB6E46FE7EF9CF" bold="true" box="[264,432,1541,1565]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">FIGURES 25.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia and terminalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7DFFDCFD166E46FBB0F9CE" authority="(Erichson)" authorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[741,1150,1541,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celata" subGenus="Datomicra">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7DFFDCFD166E46FBCFF9CE" box="[741,1025,1541,1564]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Atheta (Datomicra) celata</emphasis>
|
||
(Erichson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 2, median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view; 3, median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 4, male tergite VIII; 5, spermatheca in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="083136D50D7DFFDDFECB6ED5FD4DFE54" blockId="6.[264,1322,1685,1871]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1323,284,390]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7DFFDCFECB6ED5FDD7F97D" authority="Casey" authorityName="Casey." box="[312,537,1685,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7DFFDCFECB6ED5FE04F97D" box="[312,458,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Atheta irrita</emphasis>
|
||
Casey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="90B52A500D7DFFDCFDDA6ED6FD0CF97D" box="[553,706,1685,1711]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES" captionStartId-0="7.[264,367,1844,1868]" captionStartId-1="8.[264,385,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox-0="[498,1093,446,1821]" captionTargetBox-1="[316,1493,286,1544]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[475,1113,431,1835]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[269,1317,305,1572]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Habitus photograph of Atheta irrita Casey." captionText-1="FIGURES. 7–11. Genitalia and terminalia of Atheta irrita Casey: 7, median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view; 8, median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 9, male tergite VIII; 10, 11, spermatheca in lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3453492" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3453496" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3453492/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3453496/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7DFFDCFDDA6ED6FD0CF97D" bold="true" box="[553,706,1685,1711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figures 611</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) was described from specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CA4AF8370D7DFFDCFB236ED6FAE4F97D" box="[1232,1322,1685,1711]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Esmeralda County) and to date it is known only from this jurisdiction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D7DFFDCFBBF6EFEFB14F905" author="Casey, T. L." box="[1100,1242,1725,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refId="ref5030" refString="Casey, T. L. (1911) New American species of Aleocharinae and Myllaeinae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, Volume 2. New Era, Lancaster, Pennsylvania." type="book" year="1911">Casey 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Con sequently its discovery in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CA4AF8370D7DFFDCFDCD6EA6FD01F92D" box="[574,719,1765,1791]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
|
||
is a very substantial range extension (~
|
||
<quantity id="CF769B300D7DFFDCFB5C6EA6FAEEF92D" box="[1199,1312,1765,1791]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="4.8">4,800 km</quantity>
|
||
) for this species, and its discovery in an owl's nest represents the first bionomic information about it. As in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7DFFDCFDCF6F75FD6AF89D" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[572,676,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7DFFDCFDCF6F75FD6AF89D" box="[572,676,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">A. celata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is noteworthy that the species was found in nests of two different host species at sites that are circa 130 kilometers apart, on both the mainland and Cape Breton Island, also suggesting that this species may be widely distributed in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CA4AF8370D7CFFDDFEFB692FFE56FE54" box="[264,408,364,390]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
|
||
in suitable habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5CF1665D0D7CFFDDFEFB6F77FC94F89E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3453492" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3453492" box="[264,858,1844,1868]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3453492/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[498,1093,446,1821]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="083136D50D7CFFDDFEFB6F77FC94F89E" blockId="7.[264,858,1844,1868]" box="[264,858,1844,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7CFFDDFEFB6F77FE4DF89E" bold="true" box="[264,387,1844,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitus photograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D7CFFDDFD7B6F76FC94F89E" authority="Casey." authorityName="Casey." box="[648,858,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D7CFFDDFD7B6F76FCC3F89E" box="[648,781,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Atheta irrita</emphasis>
|
||
Casey.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5CF1665D0D73FFD2FEFB6E60FE45F952" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3453496" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3453496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3453496/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" startId="8.[264,385,1571,1595]" targetBox="[316,1493,286,1544]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="083136D50D73FFD2FEFB6E60FE45F952" blockId="8.[264,1323,1571,1664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D73FFD2FEFB6E60FE0FF9E9" bold="true" box="[264,449,1571,1595]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">FIGURES. 7–11</emphasis>
|
||
. Genitalia and terminalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D73FFD2FCF76E60FC16F9E8" authority="Casey" authorityName="Casey." box="[772,984,1571,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D73FFD2FCF76E60FC44F9E8" box="[772,906,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Atheta irrita</emphasis>
|
||
Casey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 7, median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view; 8, median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 9, male tergite VIII; 10, 11, spermatheca in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="083136D50D73FFD3FECB6E98FEF7FE8C" blockId="8.[264,1323,1755,1901]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1325,284,1900]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Examination of materials in the Laurentian Forestry Center has revealed 12 additional specimens of this species, all collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CA4AF8370D73FFD2FCFC6F40FCA6F8CF" box="[783,872,1795,1821]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Québec</collectingRegion>
|
||
at St.JacquesdeLeeds, Erabliére in Lindgren funnel traps [9
|
||
<date id="7C3010150D73FFD2FDCE6F68FD15F897" box="[573,731,1835,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" value="1993-06-01">
|
||
June 1993,
|
||
<specimenCount id="1E88FD5C0D73FFD2FD3F6F68FD15F897" box="[716,731,1835,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="female">1</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
female; 25
|
||
<date id="7C3010150D73FFD2FC806F68FBDEF897" box="[883,1040,1835,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" value="1993-06-02">
|
||
June 1993,
|
||
<specimenCount id="1E88FD5C0D73FFD2FBF26F68FBDEF897" box="[1025,1040,1835,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="male">2</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
males; 9
|
||
<date id="7C3010150D73FFD2FB7E6F68FAE5F897" box="[1165,1323,1835,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" value="1993-06-02">June 1993, 2</date>
|
||
females; 7
|
||
<date id="7C3010150D73FFD2FE7C6F10FDE8F8BF" box="[399,550,1875,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" value="1993-07-01">
|
||
July 1993,
|
||
<specimenCount id="1E88FD5C0D73FFD2FDE46F10FDE8F8BF" box="[535,550,1875,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="female">1</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
female; 16
|
||
<date id="7C3010150D73FFD2FD496F10FC9FF8BF" box="[698,849,1875,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" value="1993-07-01">
|
||
July 1993,
|
||
<specimenCount id="1E88FD5C0D73FFD2FCB16F10FC9FF8BF" box="[834,849,1875,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="male">1</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
male; 19
|
||
<date id="7C3010150D73FFD2FC3C6F10FBA8F8BF" box="[975,1126,1875,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" value="1993-07-01">
|
||
July 1993,
|
||
<specimenCount id="1E88FD5C0D73FFD2FBA46F10FBA8F8BF" box="[1111,1126,1875,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="female">1</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
female; 26
|
||
<date id="7C3010150D73FFD3FB096F10FEACFEE4" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" value="1993-07-03">
|
||
July 1993,
|
||
<specimenCount id="1E88FD5C0D72FFD3FEA0695FFEACFEE4" box="[339,354,284,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="female">3</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
females; 28
|
||
<date id="7C3010150D72FFD3FE0F695FFD5EFEE4" box="[508,656,284,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="1993-07-01">
|
||
July 1993,
|
||
<specimenCount id="1E88FD5C0D72FFD3FD72695FFD5EFEE4" box="[641,656,284,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="male">1</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
male] indicating that this species readily disperses aerially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="083136D50D72FFD3FECB692FFD05FD9E" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D72FFD3FECB692FFCE2FE54" authority="Klimaszewski" authorityName="Klimaszewski" authorityYear="2005" box="[312,812,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudocrenuliventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D72FFD3FECB692FFD4EFE57" box="[312,640,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Atheta pseudocrenuliventris</emphasis>
|
||
Klimaszewski
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recently described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FB9A692FFEB7FE7C" author="Klimaszewski, J. & Sweeney, J. & Price, J. & Pelletier, G." pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref5455" refString="Klimaszewski, J., Sweeney, J., Price, J., & Pelletier, G. (2005) Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in red spruce stands, eastern Canada: diversity, abundance, and descriptions of new species. Canadian Entomologist, 137, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="2005">Klimaszewski et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and was known only from
|
||
<specimenCount id="1E88FD5C0D72FFD3FD4B69D7FC9BFE7C" box="[696,853,404,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
collected in the Acadia Research Forest in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CA4AF8370D72FFD3FED869F8FE3FFE07" box="[299,497,443,469]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FDF269F8FD93FE07" box="[513,605,443,469]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Specimens there were collected in pitfall traps mainly in mixed spruce (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D72FFD3FE4B69A0FE35FE2E" authorityName="A.G.Dietrich" authorityYear="1824" box="[440,507,483,508]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D72FFD3FE4B69A0FE35FE2E" box="[440,507,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Picea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.)deciduous forests. Its discovery in a boreal owl nest is the first bionomic information about the species, perhaps indicating that it is a regular inhabitant of these specialized microenvironments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4094655E0D72FFD3FECB6A19FC9DF8BE" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="083136D50D72FFD3FECB6A19FC81FBD0" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D72FFD3FECB6A19FD0FFDA6" ID-CoL="LWVF" authority="(Gravenhorst)" authorityName="Gravenhorst" baseAuthorityName="Gravenhorst" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[312,705,602,628]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Bisnius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D72FFD3FECB6A19FDDDFDA1" box="[312,531,602,627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Bisnius cephalotes</emphasis>
|
||
(Gravenhorst)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an adventive Palearctic species found throughout Europe, north to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FE256AC1FDE1FD4E" box="[470,559,642,668]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, east across
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FD3B6AC1FCD8FD4E" box="[712,790,642,668]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FCB26AC1FC78FD4E" box="[833,950,642,668]" name="Mongolia" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FBDD6AC1FB79FD4E" box="[1070,1207,642,668]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and west through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FE9F6AE9FE64FD16" box="[364,426,682,708]" name="Syria" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FE166AE9FDF6FD16" box="[485,568,682,708]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FD936AE9FD68FD16" box="[608,678,682,708]" name="Egypt" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FD126AE9FCF7FD16" box="[737,825,682,708]" name="Algeria" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
in North Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FBFB6AE9FB7EFD16" author="Herman, L. H." box="[1032,1200,682,708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref5179" refString="Herman, L. H. (2001) Catalogue of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): 1758 to the end of the Second Millennium. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265. 4218 pp." type="book" year="2001">Herman 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The first reports from North America were from 1884 from Massachusetts and the "middle states", and from Washington State in 1882 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FD3B6ABAFCB6FCC1" author="Smetana, A." box="[712,888,761,787]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref6211" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida. 946 pp." type="book" year="1995">Smetana 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was first collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FB416ABAFAC4FCC1" box="[1202,1290,761,787]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<quantity id="CF769B300D72FFD3FEFB6B62FEA8FCE9" box="[264,358,801,827]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.86918" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="1917.0">1917 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CA4AF8370D72FFD3FE816B62FE2CFCE9" box="[370,482,801,827]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
and is now found scattered across much of the continent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FB376B62FE89FCB1" author="Smetana, A." pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref6211" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida. 946 pp." type="book" year="1995">Smetana 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Europe it has often been reported from bird and rodent nests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FBA46B0AFB3EFCB1" author="Horion, A." box="[1111,1264,841,867]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref5326" refString="Horion, A. (1965) Faunistik der mitteleuropaischen Kafer. Band X: Staphylinidae. 2 Teil. Paederninae bis Staphylininae. Uberlingen-Bodensee. 335 pp." type="book" year="1965">Horion 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in North America it has been reported from buzzard, squirrel, and fox nests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FB376B32FE8AFC60" author="Smetana, A." pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref6211" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida. 946 pp." type="book" year="1995">Smetana 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and pigeon, stork, and buteo nests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FD076BDBFCB0FC60" author="Hicks, E. A." box="[756,894,920,946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="233 - 348" refId="ref5254" refString="Hicks, E. A. (1962) Checklist and bibliography on the occurrence of insects in birds' nests. Supplement I. Iowa State Journal of Science, 36, 233 - 348." type="journal article" year="1962">Hicks 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FC786BDBFC04FC60" author="Hicks, E. A." box="[907,970,920,946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="123 - 338" refId="ref5290" refString="Hicks, E. A. (1971) Checklist and bibliography on the occurrence of insects in birds' nests. Supplement II. Iowa State Journal of Science, 46, 123 - 338." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FC2D6BDBFB11FC60" author="Kristofik, J. & Masan, P. & Sustek, Z. & Kloubec, B." box="[990,1247,920,946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="231 - 240" refId="ref5594" refString="Kristofik, J., Masan, P., Sustek, Z. & Kloubec, B. (2003) Arthropods (Pseudoscorpionida, Acari, Coleoptera, Siphonaptera) in nests of the tengmalm's owl (Aegolius funereus). Biologia Bratislava, 58, 231 - 240." type="journal article" year="2003">Krištofík et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found it in Tengmalm's owl (
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D72FFD3FDFE6B83FD3AFC0B" box="[525,756,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D72FFD3FDFE6B83FDBDFC0B" ID-CoL="PKF" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[525,627,960,985]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Aegolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aegolius</taxonomicName>
|
||
f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D72FFD3FD636B83FD3AFC0B" ID-CoL="658RG" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[656,756,960,985]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Aegolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="funereus">funereus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) nests in Europe, however in the present study it was collected from a northern sawwhet owl nest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="083136D50D72FFD3FECB6C53FE9AFA5D" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D72FFD3FECB6C53FCC1FBFB" ID-CoL="4G9SN" authority="(Gravenhorst)" authorityName="Gravenhorst" baseAuthorityName="Gravenhorst" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[312,783,1039,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D72FFD3FECB6C53FD96FBFB" box="[312,600,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Philonthus carbonarius</emphasis>
|
||
(Gravenhorst)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an adventive Palearctic species found throughout Europe, south to North Africa, east through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FC516C74FC39FB83" box="[930,1015,1079,1105]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Caucasus and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FB2F6C74FAC5FB83" box="[1244,1291,1079,1105]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FEFB6C1CFE8AFBAB" box="[264,324,1119,1145]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FE706C1CFE02FBAB" box="[387,460,1119,1145]" name="Nepal" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and north through Central Asia to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FC8D6C1CFC02FBAB" box="[894,972,1119,1145]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FC2D6C1CFB46FBAB" author="Herman, L. H." box="[990,1160,1119,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref5179" refString="Herman, L. H. (2001) Catalogue of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): 1758 to the end of the Second Millennium. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265. 4218 pp." type="book" year="2001">Herman 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The earliest records from North America are specimens collected in Newfoundland in 1905. The species was then found in Nova Scotia; in Queens County (1909), Port Medway (1910), and Truro (1912) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FE436C95FD93FB22" author="Smetana, A." box="[432,605,1238,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref6211" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida. 946 pp." type="book" year="1995">Smetana 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is now widely distributed in eastern North America from Newfoundland south to West Virginia, and west to Illinois and Minnesota; on the west coast from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho; and at scattered localities in the central part of the continent, north to the Yukon, and south to Louisiana (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FB376D0EFE89FA5D" author="Smetana, A." pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref6211" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida. 946 pp." type="book" year="1995">Smetana 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="083136D50D72FFD3FECB6DDEFAE5F9FC" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D72FFD3FECB6DDEFD9EFA64" ID-CoL="4G9SN" baseAuthorityName="Gravenhorst" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[312,592,1437,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D72FFD3FECB6DDEFD9EFA64" box="[312,592,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Philonthus carbonarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in a wide variety of mostly open habitats in various ground debris, leaf litter, and under stones; also in various decaying matter, horse and cow dung, compost, and in flood debris (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FD4F6DAFFCA2F9D4" author="Smetana, A." box="[700,876,1516,1542]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref6211" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida. 946 pp." type="book" year="1995">Smetana 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FC716DAFFB6CF9D4" author="Osella, G. & Zanetti, A." box="[898,1186,1516,1542]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="41 - 200" refId="ref5958" refString="Osella, G. & Zanetti, A. (1975) La coleotterofauna dei nidi di Talpa europaea L. nell'Italia settentrionale a nord del fiume Po. Bollettino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, 2 (12), 41 - 200." type="journal article" year="1975">Osella & Zanetti (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded it from mammal nests in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FDE76E57FD85F9FC" box="[532,587,1556,1582]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In this study
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D72FFD3FD1F6E57FC59F9FF" ID-CoL="4G9SN" baseAuthorityName="Gravenhorst" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[748,919,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D72FFD3FD1F6E57FC59F9FF" box="[748,919,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">P. carbonarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded in a boreal owl nest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="083136D50D72FFD3FECB6E7FFC9DF8BE" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D72FFD3FECB6E7FFDA5F984" ID-CoL="8VSKQ" authority="(Linne)" authorityName="Linne" baseAuthorityName="Linne" box="[312,619,1596,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D72FFD3FECB6E7FFDC3F987" box="[312,525,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Philonthus politus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linné)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an adventive Palearctic species found throughout Europe, south to North Africa, east through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FD556E20FD35F9AF" box="[678,763,1635,1661]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Caucasus,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FC5D6E20FC13F9AF" box="[942,989,1635,1661]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Central Asia to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FB3F6E20FEEBF977" name="Mongolia" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FE926EC8FE65F977" box="[353,427,1675,1701]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
; north to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FDED6EC8FDA1F977" box="[542,623,1675,1701]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="709976450D72FFD3FCE46EC8FC9DF977" box="[791,851,1675,1701]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FC906EC8FBC2F977" author="Herman, L. H." box="[867,1036,1675,1701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref5179" refString="Herman, L. H. (2001) Catalogue of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): 1758 to the end of the Second Millennium. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265. 4218 pp." type="book" year="2001">Herman 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was first reported in North America by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FE1B6EF0FD4AF91F" author="Kirby, W." box="[488,644,1715,1741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref5395" refString="Kirby, W. (1837) Fauna boreali-Americana or the Zoology of the northern parts of British America, containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions, under the command of Captain Sir John Franklin, RN, by John Richardson. Volume 4. Norwich, Eng: Fletcher." type="book" year="1837">Kirby (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from specimens collected by Captain Basil Hall in Nova Scotia. It is now widely distributed throughout much of North America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FBAA6E99FAC9F926" author="Smetana, A." box="[1113,1287,1754,1780]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref6211" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida. 946 pp." type="book" year="1995">Smetana 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is found in all kinds of decaying organic matter and has frequently been reported in the nests of various species of birds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FD786F69FCD8F896" author="Hicks, E. A." box="[651,790,1834,1860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref5221" refString="Hicks, E. A. (1959) Checklist and bibliography on the occurrence of insects in birds' nests. Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa. 681 pp." type="book" year="1959">Hicks 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FCD16F69FC90F896" author="Hicks, E. A." box="[802,862,1834,1860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="123 - 338" refId="ref5290" refString="Hicks, E. A. (1971) Checklist and bibliography on the occurrence of insects in birds' nests. Supplement II. Iowa State Journal of Science, 46, 123 - 338." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and mammals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1F4B240D72FFD3FBD36F69FB03F896" author="Smetana, A." box="[1056,1229,1834,1860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref6211" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida. 946 pp." type="book" year="1995">Smetana 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this study
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8E4D560D72FFD3FEBC6F11FE72F8B9" ID-CoL="8VSKQ" baseAuthorityName="Linne" box="[335,444,1874,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AFAEAC70D72FFD3FEBC6F11FE72F8B9" box="[335,444,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">P. politus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded in a boreal owl nest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |