539 lines
70 KiB
XML
539 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="89A7E4154AFB5931B21EBBE335762D9F" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1SLASH10958" ID-CLB-Dataset="33106" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.571608" ID-GBIF-Dataset="06d40acc-4fc2-4de6-9aab-96f3776ef44c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="571608" ID-ZooBank="C097C43E-D522-46C4-9D64-76D3CD4BAD86" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1493970500952" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya’Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H." docDate="2017" docId="7E4B87AFB12FA21FFF2BF976FE04FC7F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4261.1.1SLASH10958.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4261 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense Takaoka" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="8272FFD7B136A202FFBCFFCCFF96FFDA" masterDocTitle="The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698439275578" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="99CE79CF82CC8341AF889FC3A84C06AF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="28EB1E865111EFB0C241226598357FF7">
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<mods:title id="BBF80FC24970C4B4CD80F9ACC9A7AF75">The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B2B0280270C3C9A93B72945F2E72C106">Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D8A6EAFD7AE184AA672695D2E044FCF3">Sofian-Azirun, Mohd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0C1E06CD776986214A55126BDF731B9D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AE5FA613723CEEA203AD63DFD01400EE">Ya’Cob, Zubaidah</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7B69FCB403FBC87DB38092994EA0B921" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F01784587DAA6C6B0E6F75C94D7E5EE0">Chen, Chee Dhang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="DF1460574AE93A6856343A2479387DE7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D7CA3A2A7A2381F492701921D5B4CE0B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A232471A6F33E367F0BFCB6F7FA5212B">Lau, Koon Weng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="3EAF0B71DBC8231AD2664171F711F3DE">Low, Van Lun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83989CC33C0C23C59D3E425BD89872F4">Pham, Xuan Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6276D454961499FD31BD54CF21391D87">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="90C385CC30295F484C8A06AF83036E12">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="11D15A0CF07EAA9C060E9AEB4D3482A0">
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<mods:date id="452A646E38933EC45AF38825356E91F6">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3C9A5CF10AD8E4557668CC7046F36C8A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="395978BFCC8A2FB89D0EB54A5AF597A7">4261</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1DB7BE2FB9174C1E09A98C7AFCA06F81">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="18565EECBE0B2BFE1B0F843C21733640" type="CLB-Dataset">33106</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FF6A395CA67F1393391B46EDAA47CF81" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.571608</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="562A96E1D1005DF166094D881966D47F" type="GBIF-Dataset">06d40acc-4fc2-4de6-9aab-96f3776ef44c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C902AE6E5DAEB72C29560936D36FE8D9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7E4B87AFB12FA21FFF2BF976FE04FC7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927487" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128848495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927487" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E4B87AFB12FA21FFF2BF976FE04FC7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E4B87AFB12FA21FFF2BF976FE04FC7F" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="BEF86532B12FA21BFF2BF976FB02F8B8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12FA21BFF2BF976FC57F90F" blockId="25.[151,961,1722,1749]" box="[151,961,1722,1749]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="AD1581D5B12FA21BFF2BF976FC57F90F" bold="true" box="[151,961,1722,1749]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB12FA21BFF2BF976FC57F90F" bold="true" box="[151,961,1722,1749]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12FA21BFF2BF976FD49F90F" ID-CoL="9HS28" authority="Takaoka" authorityName="Takaoka" box="[151,735,1722,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hmongense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB12FA21BFF2BF976FE99F90E" bold="true" box="[151,271,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB12FA21BFEA3F976FE47F90E" bold="true" box="[287,465,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB12FA21BFE5DF976FDFDF90E" bold="true" box="[481,619,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">hmongense</emphasis>
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Takaoka
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</taxonomicName>
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& Ya’cob sp. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12FA21BFF2BF8CDFB02F8B8" blockId="25.[151,1436,1793,2032]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB12FA21BFF2BF8CDFED2F8C0" bold="true" box="[151,324,1793,1818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pharate Male.</emphasis>
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Only following characters observed. Upper-eye facets in 17 vertical columns and 17 horizontal rows. Antenna composed of scape, pedicel and nine flagellomeres. Sensory vesicle small and rounded. Hind basitarsus (
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<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12FA21BFEA9F885FEC1F8B8" box="[277,343,1865,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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A) enlarged.
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<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB12FA21BFE55F886FDBFF8B8" box="[489,553,1866,1890]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Costa</collectingRegion>
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with spinules and hairs. Basal portion of radius haired.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BEF86532B12FA21EFF7BF8A1FEEAFB1F" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12FA218FF7BF8A1FDD5FABC" blockId="25.[151,1436,1793,2032]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB12FA21BFF7BF8A1FE93F85C" bold="true" box="[199,261,1901,1926]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pupa</emphasis>
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||
. Body length
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<quantity id="311A9B5CB12FA21BFE0BF8A2FD80F85F" box="[439,534,1902,1926]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB12FA21BFD9BF8A1FDF3F85C" bold="true" box="[551,613,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Head</emphasis>
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. Integument yellow, moderately covered with small round tubercles; antennal sheath without any protuberances; frons with three pairs of unbranched long trichomes with coiled or straight apices (
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<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12FA21BFEFBF878FE1CF817" box="[327,394,1972,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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B); face with pair of unbranched medium-long trichomes with straight apices (
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<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12FA21BFB4BF878FAACF817" box="[1271,1338,1972,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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C); three frontal trichomes on each side arising close together, subequal in length to one another and somewhat longer than facial one.
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB12CA218FEA3FF5BFEE2FF6A" bold="true" box="[287,372,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Thorax</emphasis>
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. Integument yellow except narrow mediolongitudinal portion of dorsal surface darkened, sparsely covered with small round tubercles, with three long anterodorsal trichomes with coiled apices (
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<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12CA218FA88FF77FAEFFF0E" box="[1332,1401,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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D), two long anterolateral trichomes (anterior trichome somewhat shorter than posterior one and with straight apex, posterior trichome with coiled apex) (
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<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12CA218FDF9FECEFD1FFEC1" box="[581,649,258,283]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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E), mediolateral trichome lost, and three ventrolateral trichomes with straight apices (one medium-long, two short) (
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<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12CA218FD0FFEE9FD6CFEE4" box="[691,762,293,318]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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F), on each side; all trichomes unbranched. Gill (
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<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12CA218FA85FEE9FAE9FEE4" box="[1337,1407,293,318]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
G) composed of eight slender thread-like filaments, arranged as [(2+1)+(2+1)]+2 from dorsal to ventral; common basal stalk medium-long, 0.8 times length of interspiracular trunk, having somewhat swollen basal fenestra at base; dorsal and middle triplets sharing medium-long common stalk 0.9 times length of common basal stalk; dorsal triplet composed of one individual and two paired filaments with short primary and secondary stalk in left gill or composed of three individual filaments arising at same level from short stalk in right gill; primary stalk directed inward and slightly upward, thus appearing to be hidden behind middle triplet; middle triplet directed forward, composed of one individual filament and two paired filaments with long primary and medium-long secondary stalks; stalk of ventral pair directed downward, then forward, 0.9 times as long as primary stalk of middle triplet and 1.3 times length of interspiracular trunk; stalk of ventral pair 0.8 times as thick as common stalk of dorsal and middle triplets, 1.1 and 1.3 times as thick as primary stalks of middle and dorsal triplets respectively; all filaments grayish light-brown, gradually tapered toward apices; lengths of filaments probably little longer than 3.0 mm (exact length of filaments not measurable due to loss of apical portions of all filaments); filaments of dorsal and middle triplets subequal in length and thickness to one another, and appearing to be slightly shorter and thinner than ventral paired filaments; cuticle of all filaments with well-marked annular ridges and furrows, which are, though, becoming less distinct apically, and densely covered with minute tubercles, relatively larger ones on ridges.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12CA218FF2BFC91FE93FCAC" bold="true" box="[151,261,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsally, segments 1–4 grayish light-brown, segment 9 yellowish, other segments unpigmented; segment 1 with one unbranched slender medium-long hair-like seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12CA218FC12FC4CFC65FC43" box="[942,1011,896,921]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
H) on each side; segment 2 with one unbranched slender short hair-like seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12CA218FDE5FC68FD0AFC67" box="[601,668,932,957]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="825C1079B12CA218FD32FC69FD0AFC67" box="[654,668,933,957]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">9</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I) and four short somewhat spinous setae submedially near posterior margin on each side; segments 3 and 4 each with four hooked spines and one short somewhat spinous seta near posterior margin on each side; segments 5–8 each with two unbranched short setae near posterior margin on each side; segments 5–9 each comb-like groups of minute spines near anterior margin; segments 6–9 each with spinecombs in transverse row on each side; segment 9 with pair of small narrow blunt terminal hooks with rugged surface apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12CA218FEE6FB99FE09FBB4" box="[346,415,1109,1134]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
J, K). Ventrally, segment 4 with one unbranched hook and few unbranched short setae on each side; segment 5 with pair of bifid hooks submedially and few unbranched short slender setae on each side; segments 6 and 7 each with pair of bifid inner and unbranched outer hooks somewhat spaced from each other and few unbranched short slender setae on each side; segments 4–8 each with comb-like groups of minute spines. Each side of segment 9 with two grapnel-shaped hooklets.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12CA218FD54FB2FFCD6FB26" bold="true" box="[744,832,1251,1276]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cocoon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12CA218FCECFB2FFC05FB26" box="[848,915,1251,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
L). Wall-pocket-shaped, moderately and thinly woven with no spaces in webs, widely extended ventrolaterally; anterior margin somewhat thickly woven, with long anterodorsal projection directed forward; posterior half with floor roughly woven; individual threads partially visible; 4.0 mm long by
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB12CA218FE15FA81FE69FABC" box="[425,511,1357,1382]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12CA21EFF7BFABDFEEAFB1F" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,1017,2014]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12CA218FF7BFABDFEFEFA50" bold="true" box="[199,360,1393,1418]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length 5.0–
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB12CA218FD83FABDFD0FFA53" box="[575,665,1393,1418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body creamy except abdominal segments 1–3 greenish and dorsal and dorsolateral surface of abdominal segments 4–9 light ochreous, with color markings as follows: thoracic segment 1 with reddish-brown transverse band (though disconnected ventromedially), dorsal surface of thorax thinly pinkish, ventral surface of thoracic segments 2 and 3 reddish brown, abdominal segment 3 thinly reddish brown entirely or partially or not, abdominal segments 4–8 entirely or partially reddish brown dorsally, dorsolaterally and ventrally (in particular markings on dorsal surface of segments 5 and 6 distinct).
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12CA218FAAEF9EEFAC6F9E1" bold="true" box="[1298,1360,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Head capsule whitish yellow to yellow, with faint positive head spots, and sparsely covered with unpigmented minute setae (though moderately on dorsal surface). Antenna composed of three articles and apical sensillum, longer than stem of labral fan; proportional lengths of first, second, and third articles 1.0:0.9–1.0:0.9. Labral fan with 42–44 primary rays. Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12CA218FE12F97CFE69F913" box="[430,511,1712,1737]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="28.[151,250,925,947]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,227,857]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,904]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 10. Larva of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Mandible; B, Hypostoma; C, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A and B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571618/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A) with three comb-teeth decreasing in length from first tooth to third; mandibular serration composed of two teeth (one medium-sized, one small) (left mandible in one larva with additional small tooth at base of major tooth); major tooth at acute angle against mandible on apical side; supernumerary serrations absent. Hypostoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12CA218FE3EF8D7FE43F8E9" box="[386,469,1819,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="28.[151,250,925,947]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,227,857]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,904]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 10. Larva of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Mandible; B, Hypostoma; C, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A and B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571618/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B) with row of nine apical teeth, of which median tooth is slightly longer than each corner tooth; lateral margin smooth; four hypostomal bristles per side lying slightly divergent posteriorly from lateral margin. Postgenal cleft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12CA218FE4BF8ADFDDEF8A0" box="[503,584,1889,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="28.[151,250,925,947]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,227,857]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,904]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 10. Larva of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Mandible; B, Hypostoma; C, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A and B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571618/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C) short, nearly quadrate, 0.9 times as long as wide, and 0.7 times length of postgenal bridge. Cervical sclerites composed of pair of yellow small rod-like pieces.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12CA218FB2DF849FB70F844" bold="true" box="[1169,1254,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12CA218FA9AF849FA02F844" bold="true" box="[1318,1428,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Thoracic proleg without hairs; thoracic cuticle bare; abdominal cuticle bare except last abdominal segment moderately covered with colorless unbranched setae on each side of anal sclerite (even down to base of ventral papilla on each side); thorax and abdomen without dorsal protuberances. Rectal scales present, unpigmented. Rectal organ compound, each of three lobes with several finger-like secondary lobules (exact number of secondary lobules uncountable). Anal sclerite of usual X-form, with anterior arms 1.2 times length of posterior ones, broadly sclerotized at base; no sensilla on broad base and posterior to posterior arms; accessory sclerite absent. Last abdominal segment with pair of large conical ventral papillae. Posterior circlet with 70 rows of hooklets with up to 12 hooklets per row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="A29D6631B12DA219FF2BF8F0FE26F831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12DA219FF2BF8F0FE26F831" blockId="27.[151,1436,1852,2027]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12DA219FF2BF8F0FE84F88B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1852,1874]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Male and pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12DA219FE72F8F0FCC5F888" box="[462,851,1852,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hmongense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12DA219FE72F8F0FDB8F888" box="[462,558,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12DA219FD80F8F0FD44F888" box="[572,722,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12DA219FD5DF8F0FCC5F888" box="[737,851,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">hmongense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12DA219FCE4F8F0FC3FF88B" bold="true" box="[856,937,1852,1873]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFA557D0B12DA219FCE4F8F0FC3FF88B" box="[856,937,1852,1873]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D–F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B–F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A29D6631B12AA21EFF2BFC51FD50FC08" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571618/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[187,1400,227,857]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12AA21EFF2BFC51FD50FC08" blockId="28.[151,1435,925,978]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFF2BFC51FEB6FC68" bold="true" box="[151,288,925,947]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFE3AFC51FC98FC69" box="[390,782,925,947]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hmongense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFE3AFC51FE70FC69" box="[390,486,925,947]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFE49FC51FD1DFC69" box="[501,651,925,947]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFD20FC51FC98FC69" box="[668,782,925,947]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">hmongense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFCA8FC52FCF1FC69" bold="true" box="[788,871,926,947]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFA557D0B12AA21EFCA8FC52FCF1FC69" box="[788,871,926,947]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, Mandible; B, Hypostoma; C, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A and B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEF86532B12AA21EFF7BFB1DFB7FF9AF" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12AA21EFF7BFB1DFD6EF9F7" blockId="28.[151,1437,1017,2014]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="468A3CE4B12AA21EFF7BFB1DFA0EFA8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1500194437" collectingDate="2014-12-20" collectionCode="UMSRP" collectorName="Vietnam" country="Vietnam" county="Takaoka" elevation="2" location="northern Vietnam" municipality="Sapa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Lai Chau" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFF7BFB1DFEFBFB30" bold="true" box="[199,365,1233,1258]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<typeStatus id="2959881BB12AA21EFF7BFB1DFE94FB30" box="[199,258,1233,1258]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="2959881BB12AA21EFEC6FB1EFD84FB30" box="[378,530,1234,1258]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
: Pupa (pharate male) in 80% ethanol, labeled in a vial as [
|
||
<collectionCode id="90F3AE7CB12AA21EFB29FB1EFB6DFB30" box="[1173,1275,1234,1258]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">UMSRP</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B12AA21EFAB9FB1DFAF2FB30" box="[1285,1380,1233,1258]" name="Vietnam" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
0 25,
|
||
<typeStatus id="2959881BB12AA21EFF2BFB39FE94FAD4" box="[151,258,1269,1294]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFEB2FB39FD00FAD4" authority="Pharate" authorityName="Pharate" box="[270,662,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hmongense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFEB2FB39FEEEFAD7" box="[270,376,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFE36FB3AFE0DFAD7" box="[394,411,1270,1293]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFE08FB39FDA7FAD7" box="[436,561,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">hmongense</emphasis>
|
||
, Pharate
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="5B17536FB12AA21EFCA2FB39FC16FAD4" box="[798,896,1269,1294]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Vietnam</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="825C1079B12AA21EFC30FB3AFB8BFAD4" box="[908,1053,1270,1294]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2014-12-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9218E991B12AA21EFC30FB3AFB8BFAD4" box="[908,1053,1270,1294]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2014-12-20">20-XII-2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="1F3C4E35B12AA21EFB95FB39FB11FAD4" box="[1065,1159,1269,1294]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Takaoka</collectingCounty>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFB2CFB3AFB55FAD7" box="[1168,1219,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.], collected from a small stream (width
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB12AA21EFEC7FAD6FE2AFAEB" box="[379,444,1306,1330]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="0.2">
|
||
<elevation id="7DCFD18AB12AA21EFEC7FAD6FE2AFAEB" box="[379,444,1306,1330]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="0.2">0.2 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB12AA21EFDB0FAD6FDD3FAEB" box="[524,581,1306,1330]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
, bottom rocky, water temperature 7.0˚C, partially shaded,
|
||
<elevation id="7DCFD18AB12AA21EFB71FAD5FA01FAEB" box="[1229,1431,1305,1330]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.893" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1893.0">
|
||
elevation
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB12AA21EFA86FAD6FA01FAEB" box="[1338,1431,1306,1330]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.893" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1893.0">1,893 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, 22˚21’28.378”N/103˚45’52.084”E) slowly flowing in shrub,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB12AA21EFCF8FAF1FC38FA8C" box="[836,942,1341,1366]" country="Vietnam" name="Lai Chau" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lai Chau</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1639ACC3B12AA21EFC05FAF2FC64FA8C" box="[953,1010,1342,1366]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sapa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB12AA21EFC42FAF2FB50FA8C" box="[1022,1222,1341,1366]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Lao
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB12AA21EFB8DFAF1FB50FA8C" box="[1073,1222,1341,1366]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cai Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F33D6062B12AA21EFB6DFAF1FA0EFA8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E4B87AFB12FA21FFF2BF976FE04FC7F:F33D6062B12AA21EFB6DFAF1FA0EFA8C" box="[1233,1432,1341,1366]" country="Vietnam" county="Takaoka" municipality="Sapa" name="northern Vietnam" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Lai Chau">northern Vietnam</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="825C1079B12AA21EFF2BFAAEFEB1FAA0" box="[151,295,1378,1402]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2014-12-20">20-XII-2014</date>
|
||
, by H. Takaoka, M. Sofian-Azirun, Z. Ya’cob, C.D. Chen & K.W. Lau.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="468A3CE4B12AA21EFBD4FAAEFBDEF9D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1500194441" collectingDate="2014-12-20" collectionCode="UMSRP" collectorName="Vietnam" country="Vietnam" county="Takaoka" elevation="2" location="northern Vietnam" municipality="Sapa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Lai Chau" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="2959881BB12AA21EFBD4FAAEFA91FAA0" box="[1128,1287,1378,1402]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
: Two mature larvae in 80% ethanol, labeled in a vial as [
|
||
<collectionCode id="90F3AE7CB12AA21EFD37FA4AFD67FA44" box="[651,753,1414,1438]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">UMSRP</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B12AA21EFD42FA49FCCBFA44" box="[766,861,1413,1438]" name="Vietnam" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
0 25,
|
||
<typeStatus id="2959881BB12AA21EFC1DFA4AFB90FA44" box="[929,1030,1414,1438]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFBAEFA49FA0EFA47" authority="Larvae" authorityName="Larvae" box="[1042,1432,1413,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hmongense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFBAEFA49FBEAFA47" box="[1042,1148,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFB33FA4AFB36FA47" box="[1167,1184,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFB05FA49FAA1FA47" box="[1209,1335,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">hmongense</emphasis>
|
||
, Larvae
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="5B17536FB12AA21EFF6CFA65FEA4FA18" box="[208,306,1449,1474]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Vietnam</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="825C1079B12AA21EFE82FA66FE58FA18" box="[318,462,1450,1474]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2014-12-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9218E991B12AA21EFE82FA66FE58FA18" box="[318,462,1450,1474]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2014-12-20">20-XII-2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="1F3C4E35B12AA21EFE66FA65FDAEFA18" box="[474,568,1449,1474]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Takaoka</collectingCounty>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFDFCFA66FDE4FA1B" box="[576,626,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.], collected from a stream (width
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB12AA21EFC4AFA66FBAFFA1B" box="[1014,1081,1450,1474]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="0.2">
|
||
<elevation id="7DCFD18AB12AA21EFC4AFA66FBAFFA1B" box="[1014,1081,1450,1474]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="0.2">0.2 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB12AA21EFB30FA65FB51FA1B" box="[1164,1223,1449,1474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, bottom sandy and muddy, water temperature 8.0˚C, exposed to the sun,
|
||
<elevation id="7DCFD18AB12AA21EFD55FA01FC22FA3F" box="[745,948,1485,1510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1925.0">
|
||
elevation
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB12AA21EFCEBFA01FC22FA3F" box="[855,948,1485,1510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1925.0">1,925 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, 22˚21’11.767”N/103˚46’28.309”E) slowly flowing in shrub in grassland,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB12AA21EFE53FA3DFDCCF9D0" box="[495,602,1521,1546]" country="Vietnam" name="Lai Chau" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lai Chau</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1639ACC3B12AA21EFDDAFA3EFD09F9D0" box="[614,671,1522,1546]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sapa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB12AA21EFD17FA3EFCE2F9D0" box="[683,884,1521,1546]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Lao
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB12AA21EFD63FA3DFCE2F9D0" box="[735,884,1521,1546]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cai Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F33D6062B12AA21EFC3CFA3DFBDEF9D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E4B87AFB12FA21FFF2BF976FE04FC7F:F33D6062B12AA21EFC3CFA3DFBDEF9D0" box="[896,1096,1521,1546]" country="Vietnam" county="Takaoka" municipality="Sapa" name="northern Vietnam" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Lai Chau">northern Vietnam</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="825C1079B12AA21EFBE8FA3EFB72F9D0" box="[1108,1252,1522,1546]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2014-12-20">20-XII-2014</date>
|
||
, by H. Takaoka, M. Sofian-Azirun, Z. Ya’cob, C.D. Chen & K.W. Lau.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12AA21EFF7BF9F5FB7FF9AF" blockId="28.[151,1437,1017,2014]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFF7BF9F5FE12F988" bold="true" box="[199,388,1593,1618]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Biological notes</emphasis>
|
||
. The pupa and larvae of this new species were collected from plastic sheets in the current. Associated species were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFE12F992FDE1F9AF" box="[430,631,1629,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofilum" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFE12F992FE55F9AF" box="[430,451,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFE6FF992FE64F9AF" box="[467,498,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFDBEF991FDE1F9AF" box="[514,631,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">nigrofilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFDC2F991FD4EF9AF" bold="true" box="[638,728,1629,1654]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFA557D0B12AA21EFDC2F991FD4EF9AF" box="[638,728,1629,1654]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFD5AF992FC3DF9AF" box="[742,939,1630,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maeaiense" subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFD5AF992FD62F9AF" box="[742,756,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFCB7F992FCB3F9AF" box="[779,805,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFC89F992FC3DF9AF" box="[821,939,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">maeaiense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFC5EF992FB1EF9AF" box="[994,1160,1629,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daoense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFC5EF992FC66F9AF" box="[994,1008,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFBBBF992FB8AF9AF" box="[1031,1052,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFB90F991FB1EF9AF" box="[1068,1160,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">daoense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFB33F991FB7FF9AF" bold="true" box="[1167,1257,1629,1654]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFA557D0B12AA21EFB33F991FB7FF9AF" box="[1167,1257,1629,1654]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEF86532B12AA21EFF7BF94DFB58F940" box="[199,1230,1665,1690]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12AA21EFF7BF94DFB58F940" blockId="28.[151,1437,1017,2014]" box="[199,1230,1665,1690]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFF7BF94DFED0F940" bold="true" box="[199,326,1665,1690]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFD9EF94EFD36F940" box="[546,672,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hmongense">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFD9EF94EFD36F940" box="[546,672,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">hmongense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the land in which the Hmong tribe lives.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEF86532B12AA21FFF7BF969FE04FC7F" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12AA21EFF7BF969FC23F8A8" blockId="28.[151,1437,1017,2014]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFF7BF969FEA2F964" bold="true" box="[199,308,1701,1726]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This new species may be assigned to one of the three species-groups (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFBF0F96AFB52F967" box="[1100,1220,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFBF0F96AFBCCF967" box="[1100,1114,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFBD4F969FB52F967" box="[1128,1220,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFB6EF96AFAFAF967" box="[1234,1388,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFB6EF96AFAFAF967" box="[1234,1388,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. ceylonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFF2BF906FECAF938" box="[151,348,1738,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darjeelingense">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFF2BF906FECAF938" box="[151,348,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. darjeelingense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-groups) of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFD5FF906FC1FF938" box="[739,905,1738,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gomphostilbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFD5FF906FC1FF938" box="[739,905,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, redefined by Takaoka (2012), by having the enlarged male hind basitarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12AA21EFE42F921FDD2F8DC" box="[510,580,1773,1798]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A). This new species is placed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFC41F922FBEEF8DF" box="[1021,1144,1773,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFC41F922FBEEF8DF" box="[1021,1144,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group due to the similarity of the unique pupal terminal hooks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12AA21EFD1BF8DDFD7AF8F0" box="[679,748,1809,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
J, K) to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFC16F8DEFF78F894" authority="Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Hashim" authorityName="Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Hashim" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurauense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFC16F8DEFC2EF8F3" box="[938,952,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFC6DF8DEFC74F8F3" box="[977,994,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFC46F8DEFBFEF8F0" box="[1018,1128,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">lurauense</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Hashim
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B12AA21EFE02F8F9FDB3F894" box="[446,549,1845,1870]" name="Malaysia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFDD9F8FAFB9FF894" authority="Takaoka & Pham" authorityName="Takaoka & Pham" box="[613,1033,1845,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thituyenae" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFDD9F8FAFDE5F897" box="[613,627,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFD33F8FAFD36F897" box="[655,672,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFD00F8F9FCA7F897" box="[700,817,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">thituyenae</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka & Pham
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B12AA21EFBEBF8F9FB2FF894" box="[1111,1209,1845,1870]" name="Vietnam" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, both of which are members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12AA21EFEF0F896FE52F8A8" box="[332,452,1882,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFEF0F896FE52F8A8" box="[332,452,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group (Takaoka
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12AA21EFD60F896FC82F8A8" box="[732,788,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011, 2015a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12AA21EFF73F8B1FA0AF804" blockId="28.[151,1437,1017,2014]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
This new species is characterized by the greater number of male upper-eye facets in 17 vertical columns and 17 horizontal rows, pupal thoracic integument sparsely covered with tubercles, middle triplet of the gill with a long primary stalk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12AA21EFE87F809FEEBF804" box="[315,381,1989,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
G), cocoon with a long anterodorsal projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12AA21EFC2BF809FC4FF804" box="[919,985,1989,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[157,1398,210,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male and pupa of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Hind basitarsus and second tarsomere of male leg (left side; outer view); B & C, Pupal cephalic trichomes (B, frontal; C, facial); D – F, Pupal thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, ventolateral); G, Anterior part of pupal thorax and gill filaments (left side; outer view); H & I, Hair-like setae on dorsal surface of pupal abdomen (H, on segment 1; I, on segment 2); J & K, Pupal terminal hooks (J, lateral view; K, caudal view); L, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for L; 0.2 mm for G; 0.1 mm for A; 0.04 mm for B – F, H and I; 0.02 mm for J and K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571617/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
L), and small larval postgenal cleft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB12AA21EFAD3F809FA0AF804" box="[1391,1436,1989,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="28.[151,250,925,947]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,227,857]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,904]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 10. Larva of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hmongense sp. nov. A, Mandible; B, Hypostoma; C, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A and B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571618/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig.</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12BA21FFF2BFF54FE4AFE77" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
10C). Among the species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12BA21FFDA8FF54FD19FF6A" box="[532,655,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFDA8FF54FD19FF6A" box="[532,655,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group, only two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12BA21FFBABFF54FF7DFF0F" authority="Takaoka & Srisuka" authorityName="Takaoka & Srisuka" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiangdaoense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFBABFF54FBB3FF75" box="[1047,1061,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFBFCFF54FBC7FF75" box="[1088,1105,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">G</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFBD7FF54FA85FF6A" box="[1131,1299,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">chiangdaoense</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka & Srisuka
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B12BA21FFE8AFF70FE0CFF0F" box="[310,410,188,213]" name="Thailand" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12BA21FFE6AFF70FC8DFF0F" authority="Takaoka" authorityName="Takaoka" box="[470,795,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscidorsum" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFE6AFF70FE72FF09" box="[470,484,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFE43FF70FD86FF09" box="[511,528,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">G</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFD96FF70FD25FF0E" box="[554,691,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">fuscidorsum</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Ya’cob from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B12BA21FFC5DFF70FBD5FF0F" box="[993,1091,188,213]" name="Vietnam" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, have the cocoon with a long anterodorsal projection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B12BA21FFE14FF13FD40FF22" author="Takaoka" box="[424,726,223,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Takaoka, H. & Srisuka, W. (2009) Simulium (Gomphostilbia) chiangdaoense sp. nov. (Diptera: Simuliidae) from northern Thailand. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 60 (4), 269 - 276." type="journal article" year="2009">Takaoka and Srisuka 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B12BA21FFD5EFF13FC46FF22" author="Takaoka" box="[738,976,223,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Takaoka, H., Sofian-Azirun, M., Ya'cob, Z., Chen, C. D., Lau, K. W. & Pham, X. D. (2015 a) The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thua Thien Hue and Lam Dong Provinces, Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3961 (1), 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Takaoka
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFCFBFF2DFCEEFF22" box="[839,888,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12BA21FFBEAFF2CFADAFF22" box="[1110,1356,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiangdaoense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFBEAFF2CFBF2FF2D" box="[1110,1124,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFBC0FF2CFB1BFF2D" box="[1148,1165,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">G</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFB18FF2CFADAFF22" box="[1188,1356,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">chiangdaoense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having the number of male upper-eye facets in 13 or 14 vertical columns and 15 or 16 horizontal rows, pupal thoracic integument moderately covered with tubercles and middle triplet of the pupal gill with a short primary stalk, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12BA21FFEB0FE80FE72FEBE" box="[268,484,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscidorsum" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFEB0FE80FE8CFEB9" box="[268,282,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFE8EFE80FED5FEB9" box="[306,323,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">G</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFEE7FE80FE72FEBE" box="[347,484,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">fuscidorsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having the pupal thoracic integument moderately covered with tubercles, long common basal stalk of the pupal gill, and shape of the terminal hooks, of which the outer margin is longer than the inner one and crenulated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12BA21FFF7BFE74FC27FC87" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Out of seven species among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12BA21FFD88FE74FD59FE0A" box="[564,719,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFD88FE74FD59FE0A" box="[564,719,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. ceylonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group, which have the cocoon with a long anterodorsal projection,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12BA21FFEA6FE10FD70FE2F" authority="Takaoka & Suzuki" authorityName="Takaoka & Suzuki" box="[282,742,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inthanonense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFEA6FE10FEBEFE29" box="[282,296,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFEFFFE10FEC2FE29" box="[323,340,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">G</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFED3FE10FD92FE2E" box="[367,516,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">inthanonense</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka & Suzuki
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B12BA21FFC1BFE10FB9DFE2F" box="[935,1035,476,501]" name="Thailand" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B12BA21FFBA1FE10FADAFE2E" author="Takaoka" box="[1053,1356,476,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Takaoka, H. & Suzuki, H. (1984) The blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 35 (1), 7 - 45." type="journal article" year="1984">Takaoka and Suzuki 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has a similar number of male upper-eye facets (16 vertical columns and 16 horizontal rows) and small larval postgenal cleft, but is distinguished from this new species by the ellipsoidal male sensory vesicle, arrangement of the pupal gill filaments (length ratio of the primary stalk of the middle triplet against the stalk of the ventral pair is 0.6–0.7, whereas it is
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB12BA21FFE93FDA0FEE6FD5F" box="[303,368,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="1.1">1.1 in</quantity>
|
||
this new species) and shape of the terminal hooks, of which the outer margin is much longer than the inner one. Another species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12BA21FFD8EFD5CFCD6FD72" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[562,832,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogatai" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFD8EFD5CFDD6FD7D" box="[562,576,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFDE4FD5CFDFFFD7D" box="[600,617,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">G</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFD3CFD5CFD5EFD7D" box="[640,712,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">ogatai</emphasis>
|
||
(Rubtsov)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B12BA21FFC4BFD5CFBA1FD7D" box="[1015,1079,656,679]" name="Japan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B12BA21FFBFAFD43FB70FD72" author="Rubtsov" box="[1094,1254,655,680]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Rubtsov, I. A. (1959 - 1964) Simuliidae (Melusinidae). In: Lindner, Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 14: 1 - 689." type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Rubtsov
|
||
<date id="825C1079B12BA21FFB11FD43FB70FD72" box="[1197,1254,655,680]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1959" valueMax="1964">1959</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1964), shares a similar number of male upper-eye facets in 14 or 15 vertical columns and 16 horizontal rows, and similar small pupal terminal hooks, but differs by the arrangement of the pupal gill filaments (length ratio of the primary stalk of the middle triplet against the stalk of the ventral pair is 0.4–0.5, whereas it is
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB12BA21FFBB0FD30FBDBFCCF" box="[1036,1101,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="1.1">1.1 in</quantity>
|
||
this new species), and dorsal surface of pupal abdominal segments 1–4 unpigmented. (Characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12BA21FFC5DFCECFBE9FCED" box="[993,1151,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogatai" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFC5DFCECFC79FCED" box="[993,1007,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFBB7FCECFB8AFCED" box="[1035,1052,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">G</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFB84FCECFBE9FCED" box="[1080,1151,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">ogatai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
used here are based on specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB12BA21FFE27FC88FE47FC87" box="[411,465,836,861]" country="Japan" name="Gifu" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gifu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B12BA21FFE61FC89FDB6FC86" box="[477,544,837,860]" name="Japan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in
|
||
<date id="825C1079B12BA21FFDFBFC88FD48FC86" box="[583,734,836,861]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2011-07-17">July 17, 2011</date>
|
||
by Dr. Y. Otsuka).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B12BA21FFF7BFCABFE04FC7F" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
All five species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB12BA21FFE7EFCA4FD15FC5A" box="[450,643,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darjeelingense">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB12BA21FFE7EFCA4FD15FC5A" box="[450,643,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. darjeelingense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group have simple wall-pocket-shaped cocoons, thus differing from this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |