360 lines
40 KiB
XML
360 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961" ID-PMC="PMC7406544" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-8-e54961" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EF215C0FF97C5AF7AD39ABB29D2D8F4C" ID-PubMed="32821212" ModsDocID="1314-2828-8-e54961" checkinTime="1596086606789" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cao, Liangming, Cui, Jianxin, Wang, Xiaoyi, Wang, Guisen & Yang, Zhongqi" docDate="2020" docId="765CF5206C575968A2EE064FDAE73576" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 8: e54961" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 8" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961" docTitle="Solenura ania" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="EF215C0FF97C5AF7AD39ABB29D2D8F4C" lastPageNumber="54961" masterDocId="EF215C0FF97C5AF7AD39ABB29D2D8F4C" masterDocTitle="First description of the male of Solenura ania (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a giant pteromalid parasitoid of Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann), with special reference to its sexual dimorphism" masterLastPageNumber="54961" masterPageNumber="54961" pageNumber="54961" updateTime="1668125578403" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First description of the male of Solenura ania (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a giant pteromalid parasitoid of Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann), with special reference to its sexual dimorphism</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cao, Liangming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cui, Jianxin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Xiaoyi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Guisen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Shunwang Street Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, Zhucheng City, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yang, Zhongqi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">yangzhqi@126.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>8</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>54961</mods:start>
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<mods:end>54961</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-8-e54961</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EF215C0FF97C5AF7AD39ABB29D2D8F4C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:765CF5206C575968A2EE064FDAE73576" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/765CF5206C575968A2EE064FDAE73576" lastPageNumber="54961" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
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<taxonomicName LSID="765CF520-6C57-5968-A2EE-064FDAE73576" authority="(Walker, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Solenura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Solenura ania" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ania">Solenura ania (Walker, 1846)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-07" collectionCode="Insects" country="China" latitude="35.586536" location="Tianjie Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="113.60141" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Type status:</emphasis>
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Other material</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">male</specimenType>
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; lifeStage:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">adult</specimenType>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Taxon:</emphasis>
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scientificName: Solenuraania; acceptedNameUsage: Solenuraania; parentNameUsage: Solenuraania; order: Hymenoptera; family: Pteromalidae; genus: Solenura;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Location:</emphasis>
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country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">China</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Henan; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:765CF5206C575968A2EE064FDAE73576:1D857FC1655E9426F5891F4F73824F93" country="China" latitude="35.586536" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="113.60141" name="Tianjie Mountain" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Tianjie Mountain</location>
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; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="11.53" value="35.586536">35°35′11.53″N</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="113" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="5.08" value="113.60141">113°36′5.08″E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Identification:</emphasis>
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identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Liangming Cao</determinerName>
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; dateIdentified: 2019;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Event:</emphasis>
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eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" value="2018-01-07">2018-07-1</collectingDate>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Record Level:</emphasis>
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language: English; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Insects</collectionCode>
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; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-07" collectionCode="Insects" country="China" latitude="35.586536" location="Tianjie Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="113.60141" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Type status:</emphasis>
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Other material</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">female</specimenType>
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; lifeStage:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">adult</specimenType>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Taxon:</emphasis>
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scientificName: Solenuraania; acceptedNameUsage: Solenuraania; parentNameUsage: Solenuraania; order: Hymenoptera; family: Pteromalidae; genus: Solenura;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Location:</emphasis>
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country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">China</collectingCountry>
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||
; stateProvince: Henan; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:765CF5206C575968A2EE064FDAE73576:1AE85E825BDABC0C3319D23D9816F21C" country="China" latitude="35.586536" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="113.60141" name="Tianjie Mountain" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Tianjie Mountain</location>
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; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="11.53" value="35.586536">35°35′11.53″N</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="113" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="5.08" value="113.60141">113°36′5.08″E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Identification:</emphasis>
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identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Liangming Cao</determinerName>
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; dateIdentified: 2019;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Event:</emphasis>
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eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" value="2018-01-07">2018-07-1</collectingDate>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Record Level:</emphasis>
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language: English; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Insects</collectionCode>
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; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Description of male.</emphasis>
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Body length 5.92 mm, length of fore wing 3.23 mm (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F5842154" captionText="Figure 2. Solenura ania (Walker). a. male, lateral habitus; b. female, head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c. female, antenna in dorsal view; d. female, head in lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415566" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">2</figureCitation>
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a).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Colour</emphasis>
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: Body green, with metallic tint (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F5842154" captionText="Figure 2. Solenura ania (Walker). a. male, lateral habitus; b. female, head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c. female, antenna in dorsal view; d. female, head in lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415566" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">2</figureCitation>
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a). Head with ocelli, scrobal depression and apical 2/3 mandibles black, interantennal triangular region golden, eyes brown (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F5842150" captionText="Figure 1. Solenura ania (Walker), male. a. Head and mesosoma in dorsal view; b. head in frontal view; c. fore wing; d. metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415565" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">1</figureCitation>
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b); antennal radicle and basal apex of scape orange; labial and maxillary palpi, dorsal side of fore, mid and hind femora and entire tibiae and tarsi orange to reddish-brown, ventral side of all femora metallic green (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F5842154" captionText="Figure 2. Solenura ania (Walker). a. male, lateral habitus; b. female, head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c. female, antenna in dorsal view; d. female, head in lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415566" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">2</figureCitation>
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a); both wings subhyaline, veins and setae dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Head.</emphasis>
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In dorsal view, head 1.86 times as broad as long; eyes large, width 0.3 times maximum width of head, interantennal triangular region sharp, ocelli large, anterior ocellus with frontal margin touching scrobal depression, ocello-ocular distance 0.5 times post-ocellar distance (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F5842150" captionText="Figure 1. Solenura ania (Walker), male. a. Head and mesosoma in dorsal view; b. head in frontal view; c. fore wing; d. metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415565" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">1</figureCitation>
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a). In frontal view, head 1.2 times as broad as high, eyes 0.65 times head height, frons in narrowest part twice eye breadth; frons and face with strong reticulation; scrobes deep, groove-like, reaching the anterior ocellus and in the form of an inverted V, with scale-like sculpture; outer margin of scrobes parallel with inner margin of eyes; malar sulcus deep, slightly curved; mandibles with two blunt teeth; antennal toruli same level with lower eye margin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F5842150" captionText="Figure 1. Solenura ania (Walker), male. a. Head and mesosoma in dorsal view; b. head in frontal view; c. fore wing; d. metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415565" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">1</figureCitation>
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b). Malar space 0.55 times eye height, posterior margin of eye touching occiput, thus temple undeveloped (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F5842150" captionText="Figure 1. Solenura ania (Walker), male. a. Head and mesosoma in dorsal view; b. head in frontal view; c. fore wing; d. metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415565" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">1</figureCitation>
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a, Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F5842154" captionText="Figure 2. Solenura ania (Walker). a. male, lateral habitus; b. female, head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c. female, antenna in dorsal view; d. female, head in lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415566" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">2</figureCitation>
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a). Antennal radicle 0.13 times scape length; scape slightly curved and broadening in apical half, 3.75 times as long as pedicel, 1st funicular segment 0.5 times 2nd funicular segment; clava 1.6 times as long as last funicular segment.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
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Mesosoma with conspicuous and strong punctate reticulation. Pronotal collar quadrate, anterior margin straight, with dense reticulation. Pronotal collar 0.08 times as long as mesoscutum and 0.75 times as long as broad. Mesoscutum 0.65 times as long as broad, mid lobe convex, notauli deep. Axillae large. Scutellum conspicuously convex, 1.3 times as broad as long. Propodeum short, medially 0.25 times length of scutellum, median carina obvious and straight, median area shiny with strong punctuate reticulation; spiracles oval (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F5842150" captionText="Figure 1. Solenura ania (Walker), male. a. Head and mesosoma in dorsal view; b. head in frontal view; c. fore wing; d. metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415565" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">1</figureCitation>
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a). In lateral view, prepectus delicately reticulate, with long hairs; mesopleuron setose, reticulate to punctate-alveolate; metapleuron shiny and densely haired (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F5842154" captionText="Figure 2. Solenura ania (Walker). a. male, lateral habitus; b. female, head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c. female, antenna in dorsal view; d. female, head in lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415566" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">2</figureCitation>
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a). Fore leg with femur slightly curved and 1.6 times as long as tibia, tarsus 1.38 times as long as tibia, tibia with one spur, which is 0.6 times as long as basitarsus, tarsal segments 1-5 with relative length of 40:30:25:30:28; mid leg with femur slightly bulgy, 0.95 times as long as tibia, tarsus as long as tibia, tarsal segments 1-5 with relative length of 15:15:10:8:8; hind leg with femur 4.1 times as long as broad, tibia 1.05 times as long as femur, ventrally with two equally long apical spurs, the spurs 0.5 times as long as basitarsus, tarsus 0.77 times as long as tibia, tarsal segments 1-5 with relative length of 25:25:15:12:15.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Wing.</emphasis>
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Fore wing nearly reaching the apex of gaster, disc with dense setae; submarginal vein twice as long as marginal vein, marginal vein 1.8 times as long as postmarginal vein and 3.6 times as long as stigmal vein, R vein and Cu vein faint but visible (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F5842150" captionText="Figure 1. Solenura ania (Walker), male. a. Head and mesosoma in dorsal view; b. head in frontal view; c. fore wing; d. metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415565" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">1</figureCitation>
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c). Hind wing about 0.7 times as long as fore wing.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Metasoma.</emphasis>
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Metasoma sessile with gaster 0.85 times as long as head plus mesosoma; gaster punctuate reticulation. Posterior margins of tergites 1, 3, 4 straight, of tergite 2 concave, of tergite 5, 6 convex; 1st tergite with V-like basal cavity occupying 0.33 times tergite median length, 1.33 times as long as 2nd tergite and 1.23 times as long as 3rd tergite; 4th tergite 1.2 times as long as 5th tergite (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F5842150" captionText="Figure 1. Solenura ania (Walker), male. a. Head and mesosoma in dorsal view; b. head in frontal view; c. fore wing; d. metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415565" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">1</figureCitation>
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d).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Female.</emphasis>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F5842154" captionText="Figure 2. Solenura ania (Walker). a. male, lateral habitus; b. female, head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c. female, antenna in dorsal view; d. female, head in lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415566" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F5842158" captionText="Figure 3. Solenura ania (Walker), female. a. Mesosoma in lateral view; b. basal 3 tergites of metasoma in lateral view; c. basal 3 tergites of metasoma in dorsal view; d. fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415567" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5842162" captionText="Figure 4. Solenura ania (Walker), female, habitus in lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415568" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">4</figureCitation>
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) The female has been re-described in several previous studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S." journalOrPublisher="Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination=": 158" refId="B5842063" refString="Matsumura, S., 1912. Thousand insects of Japan. Supplement 4: 158" title="Thousand insects of Japan." volume="4" year="1912">Matsumura 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P." journalOrPublisher="Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="229 - 233" refId="B5841859" refString="Cameron, P., 1909. On two new genera (one representing a new tribe) from Borneo. Entomologist 42: 229 - 233" title="On two new genera (one representing a new tribe) from Borneo" volume="42" year="1909">Cameron 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Girault, A. A." journalOrPublisher="Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="553 - 555" refId="B5842020" refString="Girault, A. A., 1927. Four new chalcid flies from the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 32: 553 - 555" title="Four new chalcid flies from the Philippines" volume="32" year="1927">Girault 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yang, Z. Q." journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="222 - 230" refId="B5842111" refString="Yang, Z. Q., 1991. A rare giant pteromalid genus, Solenura (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalidae) found in Shaanxi province. Entomotaxonomia 8: 222 - 230" title="A rare giant pteromalid genus, Solenura (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalidae) found in Shaanxi province" volume="8" year="1991">Yang 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, D. W." journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" refId="B5842054" refString="Huang, D. W., Xiao, H., 2005. Fauna sinica: Insecta, Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae (I). Science Press, Beijing" title="Fauna sinica: Insecta, Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae (I)." year="2005">Huang and Xiao 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sureshan, P. M." journalOrPublisher="Records of the Zoological Survey of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="111 - 116" refId="B5842082" refString="Sureshan, P. M., 2005. New host and distributional records for Solenura ania (Walker) from India and redescription of Solenura feretrius (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India 105: 111 - 116" title="New host and distributional records for Solenura ania (Walker) from India and redescription of Solenura feretrius (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)." volume="105" year="2005">Sureshan 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
|
||
China [Henan (new record), Shaanxi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yang, Z. Q." journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="222 - 230" refId="B5842111" refString="Yang, Z. Q., 1991. A rare giant pteromalid genus, Solenura (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalidae) found in Shaanxi province. Entomotaxonomia 8: 222 - 230" title="A rare giant pteromalid genus, Solenura (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalidae) found in Shaanxi province" volume="8" year="1991">Yang 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Anhui (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gibson, G. A. P." journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on Entomology, International" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="153 - 157" refId="B5842010" refString="Gibson, G. A.P., 2003. Phylogenetics and classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 16: 153 - 157" title="Phylogenetics and classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)." volume="16" year="2003">Gibson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Beijing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, D. W." journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" refId="B5842054" refString="Huang, D. W., Xiao, H., 2005. Fauna sinica: Insecta, Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae (I). Science Press, Beijing" title="Fauna sinica: Insecta, Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae (I)." year="2005">Huang and Xiao 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Jiangsu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gibson, G. A. P." journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on Entomology, International" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="153 - 157" refId="B5842010" refString="Gibson, G. A.P., 2003. Phylogenetics and classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 16: 153 - 157" title="Phylogenetics and classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)." volume="16" year="2003">Gibson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Liaoning (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, D. W." journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" refId="B5842054" refString="Huang, D. W., Xiao, H., 2005. Fauna sinica: Insecta, Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae (I). Science Press, Beijing" title="Fauna sinica: Insecta, Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae (I)." year="2005">Huang and Xiao 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Shandong (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gibson, G. A. P." journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on Entomology, International" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="153 - 157" refId="B5842010" refString="Gibson, G. A.P., 2003. Phylogenetics and classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 16: 153 - 157" title="Phylogenetics and classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)." volume="16" year="2003">Gibson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Taiwan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S." journalOrPublisher="Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination=": 158" refId="B5842063" refString="Matsumura, S., 1912. Thousand insects of Japan. Supplement 4: 158" title="Thousand insects of Japan." volume="4" year="1912">Matsumura 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)]; India; Indonesia; Japan; Malaysia; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Singapore; Thailand (Noyes 2019).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Biology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" family="Buprestidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" rank="family">Buprestidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Chrysobothris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysobothris succedanea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succedanea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Chrysobothris succedanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Saunders (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yang, Z. Q." journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="222 - 230" refId="B5842111" refString="Yang, Z. Q., 1991. A rare giant pteromalid genus, Solenura (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalidae) found in Shaanxi province. Entomotaxonomia 8: 222 - 230" title="A rare giant pteromalid genus, Solenura (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalidae) found in Shaanxi province" volume="8" year="1991">Yang 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Cerambycidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Clytocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clytocera chinospila" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinospila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Clytocera chinospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gahan,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Olenecamptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Olenecamptus bilobus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Olenecamptus bilobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fabricius) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sureshan, P. M." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Threatened Taxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="4385 - 4391" refId="B5842092" refString="Sureshan, P. M., Narendran, T. C., Nikhil, K., 2013. Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of xylophagous beetles (Coleoptera) attacking dead wood in southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Threatened Taxa 5: 4385 - 4391" title="Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of xylophagous beetles (Coleoptera) attacking dead wood in southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India, with descriptions of two new species" volume="5" year="2013">Sureshan et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Faldermann" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Trichoferus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichoferus campestris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campestris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Trichoferus campestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Faldermann (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yang, Z. Q." journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="222 - 230" refId="B5842111" refString="Yang, Z. Q., 1991. A rare giant pteromalid genus, Solenura (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalidae) found in Shaanxi province. Entomotaxonomia 8: 222 - 230" title="A rare giant pteromalid genus, Solenura (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalidae) found in Shaanxi province" volume="8" year="1991">Yang 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" type="taxon discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">History.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Walker, F." journalOrPublisher="Printed by order of the Trustees, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" refId="B5842102" refString="Walker, F., 1846. List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1 Chalcidites. Printed by order of the Trustees, London" title="List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1 Chalcidites." year="1846">Walker (1846)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described only the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Epistenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epistenia ania" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ania">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Epistenia ania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stating that the body colour is
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“purple”">"purple"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and providing no figures.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S." journalOrPublisher="Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination=": 158" refId="B5842063" refString="Matsumura, S., 1912. Thousand insects of Japan. Supplement 4: 158" title="Thousand insects of Japan." volume="4" year="1912">Matsumura (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Thecasoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thecasoma longicauda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicauda">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Thecasoma longicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Taiwan Province, with a habitus figure.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P." journalOrPublisher="Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="229 - 233" refId="B5841859" refString="Cameron, P., 1909. On two new genera (one representing a new tribe) from Borneo. Entomologist 42: 229 - 233" title="On two new genera (one representing a new tribe) from Borneo" volume="42" year="1909">Cameron (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Taoga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taoga rufipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Taoga rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stating a body length of only 14 mm.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Girault, A. A." journalOrPublisher="Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="553 - 555" refId="B5842020" refString="Girault, A. A., 1927. Four new chalcid flies from the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 32: 553 - 555" title="Four new chalcid flies from the Philippines" volume="32" year="1927">Girault (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described only the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Thaumasurelloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thaumasurelloides silvae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Thaumasurelloides silvae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z." journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="433 - 468" refId="B5841944" refString="Boucek, Z., Subba Rao, B. R., Farooqi, S. I., 1979. A preliminary review of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) of India and adjacent countries. Oriental Insects 12: 433 - 468" title="A preliminary review of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) of India and adjacent countries" volume="12" year="1979">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boućek">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (1979)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated lectotypes and synonymised
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
|
||
S. telescopica, T.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Thaumasurelloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="longicauda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicauda">longicauda</taxonomicName>
|
||
, T.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Thaumasurelloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="rufipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">rufipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ania" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" rank="species" species="ania">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">S. ania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yang, Z. Q." journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="222 - 230" refId="B5842111" refString="Yang, Z. Q., 1991. A rare giant pteromalid genus, Solenura (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalidae) found in Shaanxi province. Entomotaxonomia 8: 222 - 230" title="A rare giant pteromalid genus, Solenura (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalidae) found in Shaanxi province" volume="8" year="1991">Yang (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first reported the species in China mainland and re-described the female.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, D. W." journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" refId="B5842054" refString="Huang, D. W., Xiao, H., 2005. Fauna sinica: Insecta, Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae (I). Science Press, Beijing" title="Fauna sinica: Insecta, Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae (I)." year="2005">Huang and Xiao (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-described the female, stated the male colour and length and reported one male and one female from Liaoning Province, as well as one female from Beijing City; they illustrated the habitus, head, antenna and metasoma of the female individual.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gibson, G. A. P." journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on Entomology, International" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="153 - 157" refId="B5842010" refString="Gibson, G. A.P., 2003. Phylogenetics and classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 16: 153 - 157" title="Phylogenetics and classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)." volume="16" year="2003">Gibson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported new distributional records in China, provided a key to the species of the genus and synonymised
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. silvae." pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" rank="species" species="silvae.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">T. silvae.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sureshan, P. M." journalOrPublisher="Records of the Zoological Survey of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="111 - 116" refId="B5842082" refString="Sureshan, P. M., 2005. New host and distributional records for Solenura ania (Walker) from India and redescription of Solenura feretrius (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India 105: 111 - 116" title="New host and distributional records for Solenura ania (Walker) from India and redescription of Solenura feretrius (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)." volume="105" year="2005">Sureshan (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported new hosts and new distributional records in India, re-described the female and illustrated differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ania" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" rank="species" species="ania">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">S. ania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. feretrius" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" rank="species" species="feretrius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">S. feretrius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sureshan, P. M." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Threatened Taxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" pagination="4385 - 4391" refId="B5842092" refString="Sureshan, P. M., Narendran, T. C., Nikhil, K., 2013. Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of xylophagous beetles (Coleoptera) attacking dead wood in southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Threatened Taxa 5: 4385 - 4391" title="Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of xylophagous beetles (Coleoptera) attacking dead wood in southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India, with descriptions of two new species" volume="5" year="2013">Sureshan et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported new distributional records in India, with 10 males and 20 females parasitising
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Clytocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clytocera chionospila" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chionospila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Clytocera chionospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with field photos of the female and larva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">Notes</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">
|
||
The sexual dimorphism of this genus, which is representative and extreme in this family or even in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1906" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is seldom mentioned prior to this study: (1) the male is green (the female is blue); (2) the male body size is much smaller (the female can exceed 28 mm); (3) the male scape is half as long as head median length (female scape is as long as head median length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F5842154" captionText="Figure 2. Solenura ania (Walker). a. male, lateral habitus; b. female, head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c. female, antenna in dorsal view; d. female, head in lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e54961.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415566" pageId="0" pageNumber="54961">2</figureCitation>
|
||
d); (4) 4th -7th tergites of male not elongate (4th -7th tergites of female distinctly elongate); (5) pronotal collar of male slightly longer than in female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |