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<document id="90D90FA5BECF2A11CC4ED7F5587EAB93" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177751" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec02274d-eb98-4426-ae09-233189f971c8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177751" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459872699890" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hall, Jason P. W. &amp; Lamas, Gerardo" docDate="2007" docId="6A0CEC19A146FF83FF73F94CA37FFE84" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01533p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1533" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Mesene leucogyna Hall &amp; Lamas, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="96359461A146FF86FFE4FFCEA742FFAE" masterDocTitle="Four new symmachiine taxa from the eastern Andes of Peru and Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698226799890" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="6A2DA08B408B21E5BD959DEED2C20DD3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7355E9D8AAAD4E9CD65F1E8A48006C27">
<mods:title id="6106C43A8C4A72B5663BBCD048F38A21">Four new symmachiine taxa from the eastern Andes of Peru and Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="25070E4CDA0810231524C3ABABA3B9A5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B78E8733D07EA4C20DFD4BC13F3741F9">
<mods:roleTerm id="02070D7E548E21E63D36E17C42A47B2F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="18123731BB3C3D16840B1B377431BC2E">Hall, Jason P. W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="ECD73FFDE5A21A5896239BB8872DFFCB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9C0C1B01C8E6BAAC748191786C5D73C2">
<mods:roleTerm id="2F3D0D9ECD6B8BA91E029F5B20DFFA92">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="81459937EB946F451AE73FDCA69F0777">Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="82F0A1EB0FD4953AFE1C1FCD609B2203">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="AD4CB09F1AEC89ADD442A2264C83CD1D" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="DF17E6E1C680EEEABDAABA977A80836F">
<mods:title id="3C43BB80D17572629DC090CDB32EF96F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E79EDEE81AB6AF4FDFA7EA957311DB9A">
<mods:date id="97F8B691BC58DB96CCF02F5D420BCDA0">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1B61B717CC3B4DD3D8B7F3B3F4A28572" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D45E84C5229925A68E945FCC94247B8D">1533</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="1E282AB66A28A1B28A1F702881E5CFF0" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4E52E8C8C8C1F8E2F90303DFE932B189">41</mods:start>
<mods:end id="BB761108A2AADEDCAED4E838BAB8CC1B">52</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="C9B32D5355FD35C7BF2495873B66FED6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7F2F2E584EC0D1BDE79B1D7BA825E432" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.177751</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8BD5B5337FB29C97D0F8DF518EDB81BF" type="GBIF-Dataset">ec02274d-eb98-4426-ae09-233189f971c8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0111A1481EE3DAE85344F2A54493CCF9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2F40EC218086CD5676B6DDC84FC79057" type="Zenodo-Dep">177751</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="6A0CEC19A146FF83FF73F94CA37FFE84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119369815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6246807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A0CEC19A146FF83FF73F94CA37FFE84" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A0CEC19A146FF83FF73F94CA37FFE84" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A146FF86FF73F94CA624F911" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA146FF86FF73F94CA58FF932" blockId="0.[151,717,1666,1727]" box="[151,717,1666,1692]" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="B952EA63A146FF86FF73F94CA58FF932" bold="true" box="[151,717,1666,1692]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA146FF86FF73F94CA58FF932" bold="true" box="[151,717,1666,1692]" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA146FF86FF73F94CA572F932" authority="Hall &amp; Lamas" authorityName="Hall &amp; Lamas" box="[151,560,1666,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA146FF86FF73F94CA635F932" bold="true" box="[151,375,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Mesene leucogyna</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Lamas
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE23C66A146FF86FDDAF94CA58FF932" box="[574,717,1666,1692]" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA146FF86FF73F96BA624F911" blockId="0.[151,717,1666,1727]" box="[151,358,1701,1727]" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">(Figs. 1A,B; 5; 9)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A146FF85FF73F93AA78BFE0C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA146FF87FF73F93AA520FF74" blockId="0.[151,1437,1780,2007]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA146FF86FF73F93AA66AF8A0" bold="true" box="[151,296,1780,1806]" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Description</emphasis>
: Male: Forewing length
<quantity id="255DF0EAA146FF86FDB3F93BA5F3F8A1" box="[599,689,1781,1807]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
. Forewing costa approximately straight, distal margin slightly convex, four forewing radial veins; hindwing round.
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA146FF86FCE5F8D3A4EDF898" box="[769,943,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
: Ground color of both wings dark orange; forewing with narrow black costal and distal margins, broadening at apex; hindwing with narrow black costal, distal and anal margins; fringe on both wings entirely black.
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA146FF86FCBDF8A3A349F828" box="[857,1035,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Ventral surface</emphasis>
: Ground color of both wings dirty white, with a hint of very pale orange from dorsal surface, becoming grayish along anal margin of hindwing; forewing with very broad dark brown margins distally and along costa, including upper half of discal cell; hindwing with very broad dark brown margins distally and below costa, and a very narrow whitish strip along basal two-thirds of costal wing margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA147FF87FF73FB15A449FA6F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1243,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FF73FB15A67FFB5D" bold="true" box="[151,317,1243,1267]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">FIGURES 1–4</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA147FF87FEAEFB15A69AFB5C" box="[330,472,1243,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Symmachiini">Symmachiini</taxonomicName>
adults (dorsal surface on left, ventral surface on right).
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FBD6FB15A311FB5D" bold="true" box="[1074,1107,1243,1267]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">1A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA147FF87FB85FB15A673FABD" authority="Hall &amp; Lamas" authorityName="Hall &amp; Lamas" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogyna" status="sp. nov." subSpecies="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FB85FB15A2D9FB5C" box="[1121,1435,1243,1266]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Mesene leucogyna leucogyna</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Lamas
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE23C66A147FF87FED8FB32A635FABD" box="[316,375,1276,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA147FF87FE66FB32A69DFABD" box="[386,479,1276,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
ɗ, Qbda. Siete Jeringas, Junín, C.
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA147FF87FCB3FB32A4CAFABD" box="[855,904,1276,1299]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Peru</collectingCountry>
(MUSM).
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FC1BFB32A35CFABA" bold="true" box="[1023,1054,1276,1300]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">1B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA147FF87FBC8FB33A273FABA" box="[1068,1329,1277,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogyna" subSpecies="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FBC8FB33A273FABA" box="[1068,1329,1277,1300]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">M. leucogyna leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, putative Ψ, Yakunk-Cutucú trail, Morona-Santiago, S.
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA147FF87FD75FAD1A5A8FA98" box="[657,746,1311,1334]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(JHKW).
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FCBBFAD1A43DFA99" bold="true" box="[863,895,1311,1335]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">2A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA147FF87FC74FAEEA200FA98" authority="Hall &amp; Lamas" authorityName="Hall &amp; Lamas" box="[912,1346,1311,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogyna" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="notia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FC74FAEEA3DBFA99" box="[912,1177,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Mesene leucogyna notia</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Lamas
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE23C66A147FF87FAABFAD1A2DAFA98" box="[1359,1432,1311,1334]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rank="subSpecies">n. ssp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA147FF87FF73FA8CA7B6FAF7" box="[151,244,1346,1369]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
ɗ,
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA147FF87FEC0FA8CA6DBFAF7" box="[292,409,1346,1369]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
, Cuzco, S.
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA147FF87FDFAFA8CA50DFAF7" box="[542,591,1346,1369]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Peru</collectingCountry>
(USNM).
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FD2FFA8CA5ABFAF4" bold="true" box="[715,745,1346,1370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">2B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA147FF87FD18FA8CA496FAF7" box="[764,980,1346,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogyna" subSpecies="notia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FD18FA8CA496FAF7" box="[764,980,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">M. leucogyna notia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA147FF87FC01FA8CA303FAF7" box="[997,1089,1346,1369]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
Ψ,
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA147FF87FB95FA8CA3A7FAF7" box="[1137,1253,1346,1369]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
, Cuzco, S.
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA147FF87FA8FFA8CA2DEFAF7" box="[1387,1436,1346,1369]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Peru</collectingCountry>
(MUSM).
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FEEDFAAAA668FAD2" bold="true" box="[265,298,1380,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">3A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA147FF87FEDDFAABA447FAD5" authority="Hall &amp; Lamas" authorityName="Hall &amp; Lamas" box="[313,773,1380,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="margaretta" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="anartia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FEDDFAABA522FAD2" box="[313,608,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Mesene margaretta anartia</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Lamas
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE23C66A147FF87FCF5FAAAA41AFAD5" box="[785,856,1380,1403]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rank="subSpecies">n. ssp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA147FF87FC81FAAAA480FAD5" box="[869,962,1380,1403]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
ɗ, Aldea, Junín, C.
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA147FF87FB41FAAAA394FAD5" box="[1189,1238,1380,1403]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Peru</collectingCountry>
(MUSM).
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FAB5FAAAA232FAD2" bold="true" box="[1361,1392,1380,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">3B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA147FF87FA9BFAABA626FA31" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="margaretta" subSpecies="anartia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FA9BFAABA626FA31" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">M. margaretta anartia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA147FF87FE90FA49A692FA30" box="[372,464,1415,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
Ψ, Pakitza, Madre de Dios, S.
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA147FF87FCCEFA49A419FA30" box="[810,859,1415,1438]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Peru</collectingCountry>
(USNM).
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FC36FA49A49DFA31" bold="true" box="[978,991,1415,1439]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">4</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA147FF87FC0BFA46A208FA30" authority="Hall &amp; Lamas" authorityName="Hall &amp; Lamas" box="[1007,1354,1415,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Symmachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FC0BFA46A3E5FA31" box="[1007,1191,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Symmachia pena</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Lamas
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE23C66A147FF87FABEFA49A2D7FA30" box="[1370,1429,1415,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA147FF87FF73FA64A7B6FA6F" box="[151,244,1450,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
ɗ, Qbda. Siete Jeringas, Junín, C.
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA147FF87FD8DFA64A5D8FA6F" box="[617,666,1450,1473]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Peru</collectingCountry>
(MUSM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA147FF87FF22F9D5A552F903" blockId="1.[151,1437,1563,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FF22F9D5A644F99A" box="[198,262,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Head</emphasis>
: Labial palpi a mixture of dark brown and whitish scaling, second and third segments short; eyes brown and bare, lateral scaling dark brown; frons dark brown, with whitish scaling laterally and ventrally; antennae approximately 70% of forewing length, antennal segments black with a discontinuous nudum section lateroventrally, clubs black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA147FF87FF22F975A43FF8E3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1563,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FF22F975A640F97A" box="[198,258,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Body</emphasis>
: Dorsal surface of thorax prominently dark orange, ventral surface grayish; dorsal surface of abdomen dark orange, lateral margins dark brown, ventral surface grayish; a broad and continuous band of con cealed androconial scales present dorsally across posterior margin of abdominal tergites four, five and six; forelegs whitish, mid- and hindlegs predominantly dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA147FF84FF22F895A32EFEFC" blockId="1.[151,1437,1563,2029]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA147FF87FF22F895A677F8DA" box="[198,309,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="7A9E418AA147FF87FEA2F895A6CDF8DB" box="[326,399,1883,1909]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[191,1420,398,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[182,1431,395,1491]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. Symmachiini male genitalia in lateral view. 5. Mesene leucogyna leucogyna, holotype %, Qbda. Siete Jeringas, Junín, C. Peru (MUSM). 6. Mesene leucogyna notia, holotype %, San Pedro, Cuzco, S. Peru (USNM). 7. Mesene margaretta anartia, paratype %, Pakitza, Madre de Dios, S. Peru (MUSM). 8. Symmachia pena, holotype %, Qbda. Siete Jeringas, Junín, C. Peru (MUSM). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177752/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
): Uncus angular in lateral view, with a short posterior projection from dorsal middle of posterior margin, falces with a prominent angular “elbow”, tegumen typical of tribe; vinculum an evenly narrow diagonal ribbon, saccus anteriorly elongate and ventrally rounded; valvae short and medially divided into a slightly larger, triangular upper section, with an uneven dorsal margin and a slightly upturned, rounded posterior tip, and a vertically elongate lower section, with a narrowly pointed and slightly downwardly curved posterior tip; aedeagus short, broad and bent medially at nearly 90°, posterior tip angular and ill-defined with respect to vesica, rounded anterior tip opens to left, single cornutus a long, broad, sclerotized band, with three or four prominent triangular spines along posterior portion of dorsal margin (when vesica everted); pedicel broad in basal and posterior sections, but medially constricted and bent beyond 90°.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B6DA0D87A144FF84FF73FA25A412F9CC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177752/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[191,1420,398,1485]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA144FF84FF73FA25A412F9CC" blockId="2.[151,1436,1515,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FF73FA25A607F9AD" bold="true" box="[151,325,1515,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">FIGURES 5–8</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA144FF84FEB0FA25A6A0F9AC" box="[340,482,1515,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Symmachiini">Symmachiini</taxonomicName>
male genitalia in lateral view.
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FCD6FA25A47DF9AD" bold="true" box="[818,831,1515,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">5</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA144FF84FCA9FA25A3CBF9AC" box="[845,1161,1515,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogyna" subSpecies="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FCA9FA25A3CBF9AC" box="[845,1161,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Mesene leucogyna leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype %, Qbda. Siete Jeringas, Junín, C. Peru (MUSM).
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FDFAF9C5A569F98D" bold="true" box="[542,555,1547,1571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">6</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA144FF84FDD8F9C5A40AF98C" box="[572,840,1547,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogyna" subSpecies="notia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FDD8F9C5A40AF98C" box="[572,840,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Mesene leucogyna notia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype %, San Pedro, Cuzco, S. Peru (USNM).
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FA6CF9C5A2D7F98D" bold="true" box="[1416,1429,1547,1571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">7</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA144FF84FF73F9E5A6FDF9EC" box="[151,447,1579,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="margaretta" subSpecies="anartia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FF73F9E5A6FDF9EC" box="[151,447,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Mesene margaretta anartia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype %, Pakitza, Madre de Dios, S. Peru (MUSM).
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FBD3F9E5A306F9ED" bold="true" box="[1079,1092,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">8</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA144FF84FBB0F9E5A24FF9EC" box="[1108,1293,1579,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Symmachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pena">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FBB0F9E5A24FF9EC" box="[1108,1293,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Symmachia pena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype %, Qbda. Siete Jeringas, Junín, C. Peru (MUSM). Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA144FF84FF22F975A494F8DB" blockId="2.[151,1436,1723,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
Putative female: Forewing length 14.5 mm. Forewing costal margin approximately straight, distal margin prominently convex; hindwing round.
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FD85F92AA453F953" box="[609,785,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
: Ground color of both wings white; costal margin and distal half of forewing black, distal third of hindwing black, distal margin of white areas on both wings rounded; fringe on both wings entirely black.
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FD54F8FAA420F8E3" box="[688,866,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Ventral surface</emphasis>
: Same as dorsal surface, but slightly paler.
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FF22F892A644F8DB" box="[198,262,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Head</emphasis>
: Same as male, but nudum on antennal segments continuous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA144FF84FF22F84AA54CF843" blockId="2.[151,1436,1723,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA144FF84FF22F84AA640F833" box="[198,258,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Body</emphasis>
: Dorsal and ventral surfaces of thorax black with some white scaling; dorsal and lateral surfaces of abdomen black, ventral surface a mixture of black and white scaling; no abdominal androconia present; all legs predominantly dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA145FF85FF22FF56A78BFE0C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA145FF85FF22FF56A677FF1F" box="[198,309,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="7A9E418AA145FF85FEACFF56A6D6FF1C" box="[328,404,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,270,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[206,1377,592,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[197,1391,583,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 10. Symmachiini female genitalia in dorsal view. 9. Mesene leucogyna leucogyna, putative Ψ, Yakunk- Cutucú trail, Morona-Santiago, S. Ecuador (JHKW). 10. Mesene leucogyna notia, paratype Ψ, San Pedro, Cuzco, S. Peru (MUSM). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177753/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
): Corpus bursae slightly elongate and rounded, with a pair of invaginated, spine-like signa at posterior wall; ductus bursae mostly evenly narrow, abruptly becoming broader immediately before ostium bursae, ductus bursae membranous except for a small portion of sclerotization at point of broadening, membranous ductus seminalis exits right ventral side of ductus bursae at posterior margin of sclerotized area; ostium bursae consists of a rectangular band of broad sclerotization that is constricted at middle of posterior margin and flares laterally at anterior corners, and has a pair of narrowly elliptical concave areas dorsolaterally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A145FF82FF22FE61A434FEFC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA145FF85FF22FE61A657FDB4" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA145FF85FF22FE61A634FE67" bold="true" box="[198,374,431,457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA145FF85FF22FE61A641FE67" box="[198,259,431,457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA145FF85FE61FE7EA6B0FE64" box="[389,498,432,458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
ɗ,
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA145FF85FDF9FE7EA52FFE64" box="[541,621,432,458]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">PERU</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA145FF85FD9CFE7EA582FE67" box="[632,704,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Junín,</emphasis>
Quebrada Siete Jeringas,
<quantity id="255DF0EAA145FF85FC10FE7EA313FE64" box="[1012,1105,432,458]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="87913BC8A145FF85FBB9FE7EA3FEFE64" box="[1117,1212,432,458]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="-11.2">11°12’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="87913BC8A145FF85FB20FE7EA26DFE64" box="[1220,1327,432,458]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="-75.4">75°24’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="961B7BCFA145FF85FAD8FE7EA790FE5C" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" value="2003-11-13">13 Nov 2003</date>
(C.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA145FF85FEF7FE16A60CFE5C" box="[275,334,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Symmachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pena">Peña</taxonomicName>
) (Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima,
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA145FF85FA82FE16A2DEFE5C" box="[1382,1436,472,498]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Peru</collectingCountry>
[
<collectionCode id="84B4C5CAA145FF85FF7AFDCEA640FDB4" box="[158,258,512,538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">MUSM</collectionCode>
]).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B6DA0D87A145FF85FF73F856A689F841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177753/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[206,1377,592,1923]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA145FF85FF73F856A689F841" blockId="3.[151,1436,1944,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA145FF85FF73F856A60EF81E" bold="true" box="[151,332,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">FIGURES 9–10</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA145FF85FEB8F856A6A8F801" box="[348,490,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Symmachiini">Symmachiini</taxonomicName>
female genitalia in dorsal view.
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA145FF85FCB0F856A423F81E" bold="true" box="[852,865,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">9</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA145FF85FC96F857A3F3F81E" box="[882,1201,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogyna" subSpecies="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA145FF85FC96F857A3F3F81E" box="[882,1201,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Mesene leucogyna leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, putative Ψ, Yakunk- Cutucú trail, Morona-Santiago, S. Ecuador (JHKW).
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA145FF85FD29F876A5AAF87E" bold="true" box="[717,744,1976,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">10</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA145FF85FD10F877A4B4F87E" box="[756,1014,1977,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogyna" subSpecies="notia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA145FF85FD10F877A4B4F87E" box="[756,1014,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Mesene leucogyna notia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype Ψ, San Pedro, Cuzco, S. Peru (MUSM). Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA142FF82FF22FF56A434FEFC" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
No additional male specimens of this taxon have been located in the world’s major collections. The specimen described and illustrated here from the Yakunk-Cutucú trail, in Morona-Santiago province, southern
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA142FF82FF73FF26A7B9FEAC" box="[151,251,232,258]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, as the putative female of this taxon is not designated as a
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA142FF82FC42FF26A349FEAC" box="[934,1035,232,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
because of the distance of its capture location from the
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA142FF82FE4FFEDEA69CFE84" box="[427,478,272,298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
locality and slight wing pattern differences, leaving the possibility that it may belong to yet another undescribed subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FD2BFEF6A42DFEFF" box="[719,879,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FD2BFEF6A42DFEFF" box="[719,879,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A142FF82FF22FE91A3E8FE0C" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA142FF82FF22FE91A3E8FE0C" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FF22FE91A60FFED7" bold="true" box="[198,333,351,377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Etymology</emphasis>
: The name of this species has been derived from combining the Greek words for “white” and “female”, in reference to its highly sexually dimorphic black and white patterned female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A142FF82FF22FE61A268F8B2" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA142FF82FF22FE61A382FDC4" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FF22FE61A67DFE67" bold="true" box="[198,319,431,457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: This new species possesses the concealed androconial scales diagnostic of the
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FAE4FE7EA605FE5C" authority="(Harvey, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Harvey" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Symmachiini">
Symmachiini (
<bibRefCitation id="863420FEA142FF82FF7BFE16A67DFE5C" author="Harvey" box="[159,319,472,498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Harvey, D. J. (1987) The Higher Classification of the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Ph. D Dissertation. University of Texas, Austin, TX. 216 pp." type="book" year="1987">Harvey, 1987</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
on male abdominal tergites four, five and six, a character state that is shared only with the species of
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FF09FDCEA60CFDB7" box="[237,334,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FF09FDCEA60BFDB7" box="[237,329,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesene</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the two species of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FDD0FDCEA4B2FDB4" authority="Godman &amp; Salvin, 1886" authorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1886" box="[564,1008,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Chimastrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FDD0FDCEA587FDB7" box="[564,709,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Chimastrum</emphasis>
Godman &amp; Salvin, 1886
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FBD5FDCEA5F4FDEC" authority="Brevignon &amp; Gallard, 1992 (Hall &amp; Harvey, 2002)" authorityName="Brevignon &amp; Gallard, 1992 (Hall &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Esthemopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crystallina">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FBD5FDCEA20BFDB7" box="[1073,1353,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Esthemopsis crystallina</emphasis>
Brévignon &amp; Gallard, 1992 (
<bibRefCitation id="863420FEA142FF82FE4AFDE6A5EDFDEC" author="Hall" box="[430,687,552,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Hall, J. P. W. &amp; Harvey, D. J. (2002) A survey of androconial organs in the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 136, 171 - 197." type="journal article" year="2002">Hall &amp; Harvey, 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. By having small, compact and rounded wings, an orange and black patterned male, and no black spotting,
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FD40FD9EA45FFDC7" box="[676,797,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FD40FD9EA45FFDC7" box="[676,797,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FBBBFD9EA3FBFDC7" box="[1119,1209,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FBBBFD9EA3FBFDC7" box="[1119,1209,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Mesene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA142FF82FF22FDB6A67FF9D2" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
By sharing similar male wing patterns, and very similar male and female genitalia, the Andean
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FAF9FDB6A780FD17" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FAF9FDB6A780FD17" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can confidently be placed as sister to the allopatric lowland sister species pair (as first determined by
<bibRefCitation id="863420FEA142FF82FA8DFD6EA615FD4C" author="Hall" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Hall, J. P. W. &amp; Harvey, D. J. (2002) A survey of androconial organs in the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 136, 171 - 197." type="journal article" year="2002">Hall &amp; Harvey, 2002</bibRefCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FE6DFD06A4F2FD4C" authority="Moschler, 1877 (Amazonia)" authorityName="Moschler, 1877 (Amazonia" box="[393,944,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepticula">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FE6DFD06A51AFD4F" box="[393,600,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Mesene nepticula</emphasis>
Möschler, 1877 (Amazonia)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FC14FD06A203FD4C" authority="Bates, 1868" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" box="[1008,1345,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FC14FD06A3EEFD4F" box="[1008,1196,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Mesene simplex</emphasis>
Bates, 1868
</taxonomicName>
(southeastern South
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA142FF82FEDAFD3EA6EAFCA4" box="[318,424,752,778]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">America</collectingCountry>
). The male genitalia of these three species have the same unique valve shape, and the genitalia of the two lowland species differ significantly from those of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FC37FCD6A331FC9F" box="[979,1139,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FC37FCD6A331FC9F" box="[979,1139,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only by having a shorter sclerotized pad on the everted vesica that lacks distal spines. The female genitalia of the three species do not differ significantly. Of the two lowland relatives,
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FD32FCA6A414FC2F" box="[726,854,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FD32FCA6A414FC2F" box="[726,854,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the most similar male to that of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FB19FCA6A2DEFC2F" box="[1277,1436,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FB19FCA6A2DEFC2F" box="[1277,1436,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it is also almost entirely orange, lacking the isolated white or orange forewing subapical spot of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FA98FC5EA646FC7F" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepticula">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FA98FC5EA646FC7F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. nepticula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FE4AFC76A50DFC7F" box="[430,591,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FE4AFC76A50DFC7F" box="[430,591,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from both the nominotypical subspecies and the subspecies described below) differs externally from that of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FDABFC2EA58CFC57" box="[591,718,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FDABFC2EA58CFC57" box="[591,718,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by being slightly larger, and by having a frons, palpi and legs that are dark brown to black with some white scaling instead of predominantly orange, a ventral abdominal surface that is grayish instead of pale orange, slighter broader black borders on both wings, black scaling along the anal margin of the hindwing, a broad subcostal black border on the ventral hindwing, and no traces of white marginal markings in ventral hindwing cells Cu2, M3 and M2. The only sympatric congener with which
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FF01FB65A6C6FB6A" box="[229,388,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FF01FB65A6C6FB6A" box="[229,388,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be confused is
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FD60FB65A493FB6A" authority="Hewitson, 1874" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1874" box="[644,977,1194,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyneas">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FD60FB65A5B8FB6A" box="[644,762,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. cyneas</emphasis>
(Hewitson, 1874)
</taxonomicName>
. However, both sexes of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FB10FB65A229FB6A" box="[1268,1387,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyneas">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FB10FB65A229FB6A" box="[1268,1387,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. cyneas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ externally from the male of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FDF6FB1DA5F1FB42" box="[530,691,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FDF6FB1DA5F1FB42" box="[530,691,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an entirely black thorax, abdomen and frons, black instead of whitish to cream forelegs, mid- and hindlegs that are half black and half orange, white fringe scaling in the forewing apex, considerably broader black borders on both wings, no black scaling along the anal margin of the hindwing, and no subcostal black border on the ventral hindwing. The female of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FB18FA85A2DEFACA" box="[1276,1436,1355,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FB18FA85A2DEFACA" box="[1276,1436,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique within
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FEBAFABDA6FAFA22" box="[350,440,1395,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FEBAFABDA6FAFA22" box="[350,440,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Mesene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in being black and white. Indeed it does not closely resemble any phenotype within the
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FF20FA54A626FA1A" box="[196,356,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Symmachiini">Symmachiini</taxonomicName>
. Perhaps the most similar riodinid butterfly is the female of
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FBDDFA55A3E4FA1A" box="[1081,1190,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Machaya</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FB54FA55A799FA72" authority="(D'Abrera, 1994)" authorityName="D'Abrera" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="D'Abrera" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watkinsi">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FB54FA55A250FA1A" box="[1200,1298,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">watkinsi</emphasis>
(D’Abrera, 1994)
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FF08FA0DA6CDFA72" box="[236,399,1475,1500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">incertae sedis</emphasis>
section) (a novel combination discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="863420FEA142FF82FC7DFA0CA35BFA72" author="Hall" box="[921,1049,1474,1500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Hall, J. P. W. (2007) A phylogenetic revision of the new riodinid butterfly genus Minstrellus (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, (in press)." type="book" year="2007">Hall, 2007</bibRefCitation>
), a species that is sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FF73FA25A674F9AA" box="[151,310,1515,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FF73FA25A674F9AA" box="[151,310,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the southern Andes. However, the female of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FC8CFA25A4B3F9AA" box="[872,1009,1515,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watkinsi">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FC8CFA25A4B3F9AA" box="[872,1009,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. watkinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguished from that of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FF73F9DDA67AF982" box="[151,312,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FF73F9DDA67AF982" box="[151,312,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">M. leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an angular hindwing, a variably faint white subapical forewing band, and a basal white forewing patch that is medially divided by a horizontal black line and suffused with yellow along its costal margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA142FF82FF22F944A268F8B2" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
It is worth reiterating here that
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FDD4F945A4E0F90A" authority="Stichel, 1925" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1925" box="[560,930,1674,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bigemmis">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FDD4F945A443F90A" box="[560,769,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Mesene bigemmis</emphasis>
Stichel, 1925
</taxonomicName>
(with its synonyms
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FB69F945A3B6F90A" box="[1165,1268,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">fissurata</emphasis>
Stichel, 1929, and
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FF2DF97DA668F962" box="[201,298,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">arouany</emphasis>
Brévignon, 1998) is not a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FD1AF97DA3A1F962" authority="Stichel, 1910" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[766,1251,1714,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nepticula" subSpecies="stigmosa">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FD1AF97DA37FF962" box="[766,1085,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Mesene nepticula stigmosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="863420FEA142FF82FBA2F97CA3A1F962" author="Stichel" box="[1094,1251,1714,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1910 - 11) Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Fam. Riodinidae. In: P. Wytsman (ed.), Genera Insectorum, 112, 1 - 452. P. Wytsman, Brussels." type="journal article" year="1910">Stichel, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, as indicated in the recent catalog of
<bibRefCitation id="863420FEA142FF82FE70F914A599F95A" author="Callaghan" box="[404,731,1754,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Callaghan C. J. &amp; Lamas G. (2004) Riodinidae, pp. 141 - 170. In: G. Lamas (ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: J. B. Heppner (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL." type="book chapter" year="2004">Callaghan &amp; Lamas (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, but an unrelated species belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FB38F915A2D9F95A" box="[1244,1435,1755,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phareus">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FB38F915A2D9F95A" box="[1244,1435,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Mesene phareus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (with very different male genitalia), as clearly indicated by
<bibRefCitation id="863420FEA142FF82FC7EF8CCA3DCF8B2" author="Hall" box="[922,1182,1794,1820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Hall, J. P. W. &amp; Harvey, D. J. (2002) A survey of androconial organs in the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 136, 171 - 197." type="journal article" year="2002">Hall &amp; Harvey (2002)</bibRefCitation>
(
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FB4BF8CCA25BF8B2" bold="true" box="[1199,1305,1794,1820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">rev. stat.</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A142FF82FF22F8E4A4B3F84A" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA142FF82FF22F8E4A4B3F84A" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FF22F8E4A666F8EA" bold="true" box="[198,292,1834,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Biology</emphasis>
: This very rare taxon appears to be confined to montane forest habitats, where it is currently known from between
<date id="961B7BCFA142FF82FE72F89CA506F8C2" box="[406,580,1874,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" value="1350" valueMax="1700">
1350 and
<quantity id="255DF0EAA142FF82FDEDF89CA506F8C2" box="[521,580,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700</quantity>
</date>
m. The male holotyp e was observed resting about
<quantity id="255DF0EAA142FF82FB7AF89CA388F8C2" box="[1182,1226,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
above the ground in a forest lightgap. The only known putative female was collected at 1445 hrs flying across an open ridgetop lightgap about 3 meters above the ground (K. Willmott, pers. comm.). Males of the superficially similar but unrelated
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA142FF82FEEFF805A6FEF84A" box="[267,444,1995,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyneas">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA142FF82FEEFF805A6FEF84A" box="[267,444,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Mesene cyneas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were perching in the same lightgap at that time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A143FF83FF22FF59A37FFE84" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA143FF83FF22FF59A37FFE84" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA143FF83FF22FF59A61DFF1F" bold="true" box="[198,351,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA143FF83FE8BFF56A58BFF1F" box="[367,713,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogyna" subSpecies="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA143FF83FE8BFF56A58BFF1F" box="[367,713,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Mesene leucogyna leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known with certainty only from the
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA143FF83FAEEFF56A27FFF1C" box="[1290,1341,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
locality in the central Peruvian department of Junín, but may range at least as far north as central eastern
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA143FF83FAC4FF0EA2C0FF74" box="[1312,1410,192,218]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
if the figured female truly belongs to nominotypical
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA143FF83FD0FFF26A4C9FEAF" box="[747,907,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogyna">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA143FF83FD0FFF26A4C9FEAF" box="[747,907,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">M. leucogyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, rather than another undescribed subspecies. This taxon appears to be replaced in the southern Andes by
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA143FF83FCB7FEDEA374FE87" box="[851,1078,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogyna" subSpecies="notia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA143FF83FCB7FEDEA374FE87" box="[851,1078,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">M. leucogyna notia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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