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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765464" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0aee75cf-6abf-4f6d-9fa1-ae8d320bc0eb" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182138494" ID-ISSN="1854-0392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4765464" ID-ZooBank="AAEA5971-4C18-45C2-AA83-5DD3D622315D" checkinTime="1620922496909" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Verdone, Chris J. &amp; Kondratieff, Boris C." docDate="2018" docId="671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45" docLanguage="en" docName="Illiesia.14.05.81-125.pdf" docOrigin="Illiesia 14 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3ED4ECBC8873166DC296BE619562C54F.3:Illiesia.2009-.journal_article" docStyleId="3ED4ECBC8873166DC296BE619562C54F" docStyleName="Illiesia.2009-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Remenus duffieldi Nelson &amp; Kondratieff 1995" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="112" masterDocId="9B226A13FFEAFFEAFFB8FFB6AC009F0E" masterDocTitle="Holomorphology And Systematics Of The Eastern Nearctic Stonefly Genus Remenus Ricker (Plecoptera: Perlodidae)" masterLastPageNumber="125" masterPageNumber="81" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1632021254008" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Holomorphology And Systematics Of The Eastern Nearctic Stonefly Genus Remenus Ricker (Plecoptera: Perlodidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Verdone, Chris J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, U. S. A. E-mail: verdonec @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">verdonec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kondratieff, Boris C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, U. S. A. E-mail: verdonec @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">verdonec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Illiesia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>81</mods:start>
<mods:end>125</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757871</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">0aee75cf-6abf-4f6d-9fa1-ae8d320bc0eb</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1854-0392</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4757871</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AAEA5971-4C18-45C2-AA83-5DD3D622315D</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765464" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182138494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4765464" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<subSubSection box="[862,1416,1118,1143]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="27.[862,1416,1118,1143]" box="[862,1416,1118,1143]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<heading bold="true" box="[862,1416,1118,1143]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="Nelson &amp; Kondratieff, 1995" authorityName="Nelson &amp; Kondratieff" authorityYear="1995" box="[862,1416,1118,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[862,1416,1118,1143]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[862,1076,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Remenus duffieldi</emphasis>
Nelson &amp;
<bibRefCitation author="Kondratieff" box="[1205,1416,1119,1143]" firstAuthor="Kondratieff" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" pagination="596 - 602" refId="ref20747" refString="Kondratieff, B. C. &amp; C. H. Nelson. 1995. A review of the genus Remenus Ricker (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), with the description of two new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97 (3): 596 - 602." type="journal article" year="1995">Kondratieff, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="108" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="27.[840,1439,1155,1244]" box="[1066,1213,1155,1179]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
(
<figureCitation box="[1074,1205,1155,1179]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Figs" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Figs" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStart-6="Figs" captionStart-7="Fig" captionStart-8="Figs" captionStartId-0="27.[189,226,1011,1035]" captionStartId-1="27.[835,872,910,934]" captionStartId-2="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionStartId-3="29.[189,226,899,923]" captionStartId-4="29.[189,238,1811,1835]" captionStartId-5="30.[189,226,800,824]" captionStartId-6="30.[189,238,1677,1701]" captionStartId-7="31.[189,230,1459,1483]" captionStartId-8="32.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox-1="[776,1438,230,818]" captionTargetBox-2="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetBox-3="[476,1156,225,852]" captionTargetBox-4="[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetBox-5="[551,1080,225,754]" captionTargetBox-6="[419,1213,898,1630]" captionTargetBox-7="[266,719,657,1412]" captionTargetBox-8="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId-0="figure-384@27.[277,708,225,945]" captionTargetId-1="figure-386@27.[851,1427,261,837]" captionTargetId-2="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId-3="figure-91@29.[476,1156,225,852]" captionTargetId-4="figure-93@29.[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetId-5="figure-139@30.[551,1080,225,754]" captionTargetId-6="figure-141@30.[419,1213,898,1630]" captionTargetId-7="figure-611@31.[266,719,657,1412]" captionTargetId-8="figure-106@32.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionTargetPageId-3="29" captionTargetPageId-4="29" captionTargetPageId-5="30" captionTargetPageId-6="30" captionTargetPageId-7="31" captionTargetPageId-8="32" captionText-0="Fig. 70. Adult male habitus of Remenus duffieldi, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina." captionText-1="Fig. 71. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, right forewing, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina." captionText-2="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." captionText-3="Fig. 76. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, hemitergal lobe, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina." captionText-4="Figs. 77–80. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 77. Epiproct, dorsal. 78. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 79. Epiproct, splayed setae, dorsolateral. 80. Epiproct apex, dorsal." captionText-5="Fig. 81. Remenus duffieldi, adult female subgenital plate, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina." captionText-6="Figs. 82–84. Remenus duffieldi, ovum, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 82. Ovum, dorsal. 83. Collar, ventral. 84. Micropyles, ventral." captionText-7="Fig. 85. Larval habitus of Remenus duffieldi, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina." captionText-8="Figs. 86–89. Remenus duffieldi, larva. Head and pronotum, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina. Figs. 87–88. Collins Creek, Swain, County North Carolina. 87. Left lacinia, dorsal. 88. Left mandible, dorsal. 89. Male terminal process (developing epiproct), dorsal, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765458" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757949" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757955" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757957" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757959" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757962" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757964" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757966" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4765458/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4757949/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4757955/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4757957/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4757959/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/4757962/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/4757964/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/4757966/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Figs. 70–87</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[840,1439,1155,1244]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:
<taxonomicName box="[1173,1285,1190,1212]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Plecoptera</taxonomicName>
.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:607
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[873,1444,1294,1317]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[873,1444,1294,1608]" box="[873,1444,1294,1317]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[873,1444,1294,1317]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<treatmentCitation author="Kondratieff, B. C. &amp; C. H. Nelson" box="[873,1440,1294,1317]" page=")" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" year="1995">
<taxonomicName authority="Nelson &amp; Kondratieff (1995: 600)" authorityName="Nelson &amp; Kondratieff" authorityPageNumber="600" authorityYear="1995" box="[873,1440,1294,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[873,1054,1295,1316]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Remenus duffieldi</emphasis>
Nelson &amp;
<bibRefCitation author="Kondratieff" box="[1184,1440,1294,1317]" firstAuthor="Kondratieff" page="600" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" pagination="596 - 602" refId="ref20747" refString="Kondratieff, B. C. &amp; C. H. Nelson. 1995. A review of the genus Remenus Ricker (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), with the description of two new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97 (3): 596 - 602." type="journal article" year="1995">Kondratieff (1995: 600)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="27.[873,1444,1294,1608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944331" country="United States of America" county="Towns County" location="Soapstone Creek" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[873,973,1327,1349]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[991,1009,1327,1349]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry box="[1033,1120,1327,1349]" name="Georgia" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Georgia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1141,1312,1327,1348]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Towns County</collectingCounty>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45:EA6DF5A6FFF1FFF1FA8EFA99AFAA9A6B" country="Georgia" county="Towns County" municipality="Figures" name="Soapstone Creek" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Soapstone Creek</location>
, Rt. 180, nr. jct. Rt. 180 &amp; Owl Cr. Rd.,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45:EA6DF5A6FFF1FFF1FCD1FAD9A8C59A8B" box="[873,1221,1391,1413]" country="Georgia" county="Towns County" municipality="Figures" name="Chattahoochee National Forest" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Chattahoochee National Forest</location>
(NMNH). Figures: adult–male terminalia (dorsal, lateral), female subgenital plate, ova (dorsal, ventral).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[873,1444,1294,1608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<treatmentCitation author="Kondratieff, B. C." box="[873,1340,1489,1511]" page=")" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" year="2004">
<taxonomicName authority=": Kondratieff (2004: 164)" authorityName="Kondratieff" authorityPageNumber="164" authorityYear="2004" box="[873,1340,1489,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[873,1057,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Remenus duffieldi</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Kondratieff" box="[1078,1340,1489,1511]" firstAuthor="Kondratieff" page="164" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref20668" refString="Kondratieff, B. C. 2004. Perlodidae - Perlodinae (The Springflies). Pp. 149 - 180. In: B. P. Stark &amp; B. J. Armitage (eds.), The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of eastern North America. Volume II. Chloroperlidae, Perlidae, and Perlodidae (Perlodinae). Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series Volume 14 (4): 1 - 192." type="journal article" year="2004">Kondratieff (2004: 164)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Figures: adult–figures from
<bibRefCitation author="Kondratieff &amp; Nelson" box="[1078,1380,1521,1543]" firstAuthor="Kondratieff" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" pagination="596 - 602" refId="ref20747" refString="Kondratieff, B. C. &amp; C. H. Nelson. 1995. A review of the genus Remenus Ricker (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), with the description of two new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97 (3): 596 - 602." type="journal article" year="1995">Kondratieff &amp; Nelson (1995)</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[873,1444,1294,1608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<treatmentCitation author="Stark, B. P." box="[873,1263,1553,1575]" page=")" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" year="2017">
<taxonomicName authority=": Stark (2017: 236)" authorityName=": Stark" authorityPageNumber="236" authorityYear="2017" box="[873,1263,1553,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[873,1055,1553,1575]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Remenus duffieldi</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Stark" box="[1074,1263,1553,1575]" firstAuthor="Stark" page="236" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" pagination="161 - 247" refId="ref21413" refString="Stark, B. P. 2017. Plecoptera. Pp. 161 - 247. In: J. C Morse, W. P. McCafferty, B. P. Stark, L. M Jacobus (eds.), Larvae of the Southeastern USA mayfly, stonefly, and caddisfly species. Biota of South Carolina. Vol. 9. Clemson University Public Service Publishing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA. 482 pp." type="book chapter" year="2017">Stark (2017: 236)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Figures: larva– cercus (basal, middle).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="27.[835,1443,1655,1895]" lastBlockId="28.[835,1443,199,619]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,1082,1655,1679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<collectingRegion box="[835,939,1655,1679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Material</collectingRegion>
examined:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944343" collectingDate="1990-05-29" country="United States of America" county="Rock Creek" latitude="34.67981" location="Chattahoochee National Forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-84.13592" municipality="Rte" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Union Co.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1101,1366,1655,1679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<collectingCountry box="[1101,1200,1655,1679]" name="Georgia" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Georgia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1223,1360,1655,1679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Union Co.</collectingRegion>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Rock Creek</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[936,975,1692,1715]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Rte</collectingMunicipality>
69,
<locationDeviation box="[1059,1438,1691,1716]" location="Hightower Gap" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<quantity box="[1059,1156,1691,1715]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" unit="mi" value="1.5">1.5 mi.</quantity>
W Hightower Gap
</locationDeviation>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45:EA6DF5A6FFF1FFF1FCFBF909A8C799D9" box="[835,1223,1727,1751]" country="Georgia" county="Rock Creek" latitude="34.67981" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-84.13592" municipality="Rte" name="Chattahoochee National Forest" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Union Co.">Chattahoochee National Forest</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate box="[1251,1395,1727,1751]" degrees="34.67981" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" precision="1" value="34.67981">N 34.67981</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="84.135914" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" precision="1" value="-84.13592">W 84.135914</geoCoordinate>
],
<date box="[970,1120,1763,1788]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" value="1990-05-29">
<collectingDate box="[970,1120,1763,1788]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" value="1990-05-29">29 May 1990</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode box="[1131,1152,1764,1787]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">R</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944361" collectionCode="CSUIC" collectorName="Duffield" country="Georgia" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Union Co." typeStatus="paratype">
M.
<collectorName box="[1193,1295,1763,1787]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Duffield</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount box="[1305,1340,1763,1787]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[1354,1439,1763,1787]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">CSUIC</collectionCode>
,
<typeStatus box="[835,955,1799,1823]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944434" collectingDate="1994-06-02" collectionCode="CSUIC" collectorName="C. H. Nelson" country="Georgia" county="Andrews Creek" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="109" latitude="34.77817" location="Andrews Cove Campground" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.73738" municipality="Rte" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="White Co." typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[977,1109,1799,1823]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">
<collectingRegion box="[977,1103,1799,1823]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">White Co.</collectingRegion>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty box="[1120,1310,1799,1823]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Andrews Creek</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1325,1364,1800,1823]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">Rte</collectingMunicipality>
17/75,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45:EA6DF5A6FFF1FFF1FCFBF89DA8BA984D" box="[835,1210,1835,1859]" country="Georgia" county="Andrews Creek" latitude="34.77817" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.73738" municipality="Rte" name="Andrews Cove Campground" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="White Co.">Andrews Cove Campground</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate box="[1243,1391,1835,1859]" degrees="34.77817" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" precision="1" value="34.77817">N 34.77817</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="83.73738" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" precision="1" value="-83.73738">W 83.73738</geoCoordinate>
],
<date box="[957,1092,1871,1895]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" value="1994-06-02">
<collectingDate box="[957,1092,1871,1895]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" value="1994-06-02">2 June 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[1102,1249,1871,1895]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">C.H. Nelson</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount box="[1260,1294,1871,1895]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[1306,1340,1871,1895]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[1354,1439,1871,1895]" pageId="27" pageNumber="108">CSUIC</collectionCode>
,
<typeStatus box="[189,309,199,223]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944362" collectionCode="BLRI" collectorName="Graveyard Fields" country="Georgia" location="Yellowstone Prong of East Fork Pigeon River" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina, Haywood Co." typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[353,797,199,223]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">
<collectingRegion box="[353,791,199,223]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">North Carolina, Haywood Co.</collectingRegion>
,
</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45:EA6DF5A6FFF6FFF6FF05FF5DAF189E0D" box="[189,792,235,260]" country="Georgia" name="Yellowstone Prong of East Fork Pigeon River" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="North Carolina, Haywood Co.">Yellowstone Prong of East Fork Pigeon River</location>
,
<collectorName box="[189,396,271,295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Graveyard Fields</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode box="[407,469,272,295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">BLRI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
, [
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944390" collectingDate="2009-06-17" collectionCode="CSUIC" collectorName="Robinson" country="Georgia" latitude="35.321964" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-82.84577" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="North Carolina, Haywood Co." typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[487,633,271,295]" degrees="35.321966" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="35.321964">N 35.321966</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[644,793,271,295]" degrees="82.845768" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="-82.84577">W 82.845768</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[189,341,307,331]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2009-06-17">
<collectingDate box="[189,341,307,331]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2009-06-17">17 June 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, J.
<collectorName box="[377,491,307,331]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Robinson</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount box="[503,537,307,331]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[553,640,307,331]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">CSUIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944454" collectingDate="1939-05-30" collectingDateMax="1993-05-27" collectingDateMin="1939-05-30" collectionCode="INHS, R" collectorName="Thelma Howell &amp; Stark" country="Georgia" county="Nantahala River" location="Tellico Rd." municipality="Tellico Creek" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Macon Co." typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[659,797,307,331]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">
<collectingRegion box="[659,791,307,331]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Macon Co.</collectingRegion>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty box="[189,389,343,367]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Nantahala River</collectingCounty>
, [no GPS],
<date box="[533,692,343,368]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="1939-05-30">
<collectingDate box="[533,692,343,368]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="1939-05-30">30 May 1939</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Thelma Howell</collectorName>
, 1L (
<collectionCode box="[344,415,379,403]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS</collectionCode>
);
<collectingMunicipality box="[438,600,379,403]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Tellico Creek</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45:EA6DF5A6FFF6FFF6FDD0FECDAEEB9E9D" box="[616,747,379,403]" country="Georgia" county="Nantahala River" municipality="Tellico Creek" name="Tellico Rd." pageId="28" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Macon Co.">Tellico Rd.</location>
[no GPS],
<date box="[261,409,415,440]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="1993-05-27">
<collectingDate box="[261,409,415,440]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="1993-05-27">27 May 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, B.P.
<collectorName box="[471,535,415,439]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Stark</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode box="[545,566,416,439]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">R</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944441" collectingDate="2017-05-15" collectionCode="CSUIC" collectorName="C. Verdone &amp; B. C. Kondratieff" country="Georgia" latitude="35.27688" location="Tellico Rd." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.54347" municipality="Tellico Creek" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Macon Co." typeStatus="paratype">
<collectorName box="[576,688,415,439]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Simmons</collectorName>
, P.
<collectorName box="[728,793,415,439]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Kelly</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount box="[189,223,451,475]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[237,323,451,475]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">CSUIC</collectionCode>
);
<collectingMunicipality box="[342,499,451,475]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Tellico Creek</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45:EA6DF5A6FFF6FFF6FE46FE75AE7C9ED5" box="[510,636,451,475]" country="Georgia" latitude="35.27688" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.54347" municipality="Tellico Creek" name="Tellico Rd." pageId="28" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Macon Co.">Tellico Rd.</location>
~
<locationDeviation location="Sugar Cove Rd." pageId="28" pageNumber="109">
<quantity box="[656,734,451,475]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" unit="mi" value="0.5">0.5 mi.</quantity>
W of Sugar Cove Rd.
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[400,536,487,511]" degrees="35.27688" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="35.27688">N 35.27688</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[551,690,487,511]" degrees="83.54347" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="-83.54347">W 83.54347</geoCoordinate>
,
<date pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2017-05-15">
<collectingDate pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2017-05-15">15 May 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[256,391,523,547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">C. Verdone</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[401,595,523,547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">B.C. Kondratieff</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount box="[605,639,523,547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="male">7♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[652,685,523,547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[699,786,523,547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">CSUIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944407" collectionCode="GRSM" collectorName="Hwy" country="Georgia" location="Collins Creek Picnic Area" municipality="Collins Creek" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Swain Co." typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,319,559,583]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">
<collectingRegion box="[189,312,559,583]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Swain Co.</collectingRegion>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality box="[324,484,559,583]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Collins Creek</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45:EA6DF5A6FFF6FFF6FE56FD99AF189D49" box="[494,792,559,583]" country="Georgia" municipality="Collins Creek" name="Collins Creek Picnic Area" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Swain Co.">Collins Creek Picnic Area</location>
,
<collectorName box="[189,248,596,620]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Hwy</collectorName>
441,
<collectionCode box="[314,394,595,619]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/d016-ijfq" name="Great Smoky Mountains National Park" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">GRSM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944379" collectingDate="2017-05-16" collectionCode="CSUIC, GRSM" collectorName="C. Verdone &amp; B. C. Kondratieff" country="Georgia" latitude="35.56752" location="Kanati Fork" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.33663" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Swain Co." typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[407,542,595,619]" degrees="35.56752" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="35.56752">N 35.56752</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[555,694,595,619]" degrees="83.33663" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="-83.33663">W 83.33663</geoCoordinate>
,
<date pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2017-05-16">
<collectingDate pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2017-05-16">16 May 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[265,411,631,655]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">C. Verdone</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[431,635,631,655]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">B.C. Kondratieff</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount box="[655,689,631,655]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[711,745,631,655]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 1L (
<collectionCode box="[843,929,199,223]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">CSUIC</collectionCode>
);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45:EA6DF5A6FFF6FFF6FC0CFF71A8409FD1" box="[948,1088,199,223]" country="Georgia" latitude="35.56752" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.33663" name="Kanati Fork" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Swain Co.">Kanati Fork</location>
,
<collectorName box="[1099,1158,200,224]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Hwy</collectorName>
441,
<collectionCode box="[1215,1297,199,223]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/d016-ijfq" name="Great Smoky Mountains National Park" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">GRSM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944318" collectingDate="2017-05-16" collectionCode="CSUIC" collectorName="C. Verdone &amp; Kondratieff" country="Georgia" latitude="35.58738" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.36297" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Swain Co." typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[1308,1438,199,223]" degrees="35.58738" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="35.58738">N 35.58738</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[835,986,235,259]" degrees="83.36297" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="-83.36297">W 83.36297</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[1012,1191,235,260]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2017-05-16">
<collectingDate box="[1012,1191,235,260]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2017-05-16">16 May 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[1217,1368,235,259]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">C. Verdone</collectorName>
, B.C.
<collectorName box="[835,974,271,295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Kondratieff</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount box="[986,1019,271,295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[1034,1121,271,295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">CSUIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944399" collectingDate="1981-07-08" collectionCode="CSUIC" collectorName="B. C. Kondratieff" country="Georgia" latitude="35.35815" location="Rte" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-82.7781" municipality="Pigeon Branch South Fork Mills River" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Transylvania Co." typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1140,1354,271,295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">
<collectingRegion box="[1140,1348,271,295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Transylvania Co.</collectingRegion>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Pigeon Branch South Fork Mills River</collectingMunicipality>
, NFR 1206, off
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45:EA6DF5A6FFF6FFF6FAC3FE82A9A29E45" box="[1403,1442,308,331]" country="Georgia" latitude="35.35815" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-82.7781" municipality="Pigeon Branch South Fork Mills River" name="Rte" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Transylvania Co.">Rte</location>
276, [
<geoCoordinate box="[903,1043,343,367]" degrees="35.35815" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="35.35815">N 35.35815</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1061,1207,343,367]" degrees="82.77810" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="-82.7781">W 82.77810</geoCoordinate>
],
<date box="[1231,1375,343,367]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="1981-07-08">
<collectingDate box="[1231,1375,343,367]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="1981-07-08">8 July 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName pageId="28" pageNumber="109">B.C. Kondratieff</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount box="[985,1019,379,403]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[1032,1065,379,403]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[1080,1167,379,403]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">CSUIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[835,1443,199,619]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,1244,415,439]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Additional records not examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944395" collectingDate="2014-05-26" collectingDateMax="2015-07-22" collectingDateMin="2014-05-26" collectionCode="WKUC" collectorName="A. L. Sheldon &amp; Flat Laurel Creek, TR" county="Haywood Co." latitude="35.32303" location="Flat Laurel Creek" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-82.89282" municipality="Yellowstone Prong of East Fork Pigeon River" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">
<collectingRegion box="[1251,1437,415,439]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty box="[835,1011,450,475]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Haywood Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Yellowstone Prong of East Fork Pigeon River</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1000,1132,487,511]" degrees="35.32814" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="35.32814">N 35.32814</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1142,1279,487,511]" degrees="82.82897" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="-82.82897">W 82.82897</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[1289,1438,487,512]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2014-05-26">
<collectingDate box="[1289,1438,487,512]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2014-05-26">26 May 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[835,991,523,547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">A.L. Sheldon</collectorName>
<specimenCount box="[1001,1035,523,547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[1052,1142,523,547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">WKUC</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111944319" collectingDate="2014-05-26" collectingDateMax="2015-07-22" collectingDateMin="2014-05-26" collectionCode="WKUC" collectorName="A. L. Sheldon &amp; Flat Laurel Creek, TR" county="Haywood Co." latitude="35.32303" location="Flat Laurel Creek" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-82.89282" municipality="Yellowstone Prong of East Fork Pigeon River" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
tributary to
<collectorName pageId="28" pageNumber="109">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:671B126BFFF1FFCBFCE6FBE9A86B9E45:EA6DF5A6FFF6FFF6FA98FDBDAF8B9D49" county="Haywood Co." latitude="35.32303" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-82.89282" municipality="Yellowstone Prong of East Fork Pigeon River" name="Flat Laurel Creek" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="North Carolina">Flat Laurel Creek</location>
, TR
</collectorName>
617,
<geoCoordinate box="[1011,1142,559,583]" degrees="35.32303" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="35.32303">N 35.32303</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1151,1287,559,583]" degrees="82.89282" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="-82.89282">W 82.89282</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[1297,1438,559,583]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2015-07-22">
<collectingDate box="[1297,1438,559,583]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" value="2015-07-22">22 July 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[835,991,595,619]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">A.L. Sheldon</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount box="[1002,1036,595,619]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[1050,1141,595,619]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">WKUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4757953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" startId="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" targetBox="[438,1194,729,1485]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph blockId="28.[189,1443,1531,1627]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">
Figs. 72–75.
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Stark" authorityYear="2017" box="[337,535,1531,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[337,535,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Remenus duffieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection box="[189,641,1710,1735]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="28.[189,798,1710,1915]" box="[189,641,1710,1735]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,348,1710,1734]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[355,411,1711,1735]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">USA</collectingCountry>
– GA, NC. (
<figureCitation box="[554,634,1711,1735]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,226,1445,1469]" captionTargetBox="[369,1250,255,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-218@26.[362,1269,225,1399]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 69. Remenus duffieldi, distribution of examined material and published records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757947/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="28.[189,798,1710,1915]" lastBlockId="31.[189,798,199,619]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,258,1747,1771]" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Male.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[274,355,1747,1771]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,226,1011,1035]" captionTargetId="figure-384@27.[277,708,225,945]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 70. Adult male habitus of Remenus duffieldi, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4765458/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
). Macropterous; forewing length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.95" metricValueMax="10.4" metricValueMin="9.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="9.95" valueMax="10.4" valueMin="9.5">9.5– 10.4 mm</quantity>
(n = 10) (
<figureCitation box="[402,483,1783,1807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[835,872,910,934]" captionTargetBox="[776,1438,230,818]" captionTargetId="figure-386@27.[851,1427,261,837]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 71. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, right forewing, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757949/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
). Body length,
<quantity box="[662,797,1783,1807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="7.9" pageId="28" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="8.85" valueMax="9.8" valueMin="7.9">7.9–9.8 mm</quantity>
(n = 10). General body color pale yellow-gold with light brown markings. Dorsum of head typical of genus (
<figureCitation box="[273,355,1891,1915]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
). Pronotum pale, covered in regularly spaced setae, with light brown rugose areas, glabrous rugosities mediolaterally (
<figureCitation box="[1251,1331,1747,1771]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
); anterior and posterior margins brown (
<figureCitation box="[1204,1288,1783,1807]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
). Abdominal terga with a narrow mid-dorsal, dusky, interrupted brown stripe (
<figureCitation box="[1006,1088,1855,1879]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="109">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
); terga 1–4 pale yellow, terga 5–9 pale yellow to light brown; terga darkened laterally (
<figureCitation box="[318,416,1821,1845]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="111">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
); tergum 9 lacking sensilla basiconica (
<figureCitation box="[334,424,1857,1881]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="111">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
). Hemitergal lobes short, not separated from 10
<superScript attach="left" box="[422,437,1893,1907]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="111">th</superScript>
tergum, with long trichoid sensilla and 15–17 sensilla basiconica on each lobe (
<figureCitation box="[843,972,1857,1881]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Figs" captionStartId-0="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionStartId-1="29.[189,226,899,923]" captionStartId-2="29.[189,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox-0="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetBox-1="[476,1156,225,852]" captionTargetBox-2="[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetId-0="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId-1="figure-91@29.[476,1156,225,852]" captionTargetId-2="figure-93@29.[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetPageId-0="28" captionTargetPageId-1="29" captionTargetPageId-2="29" captionText-0="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." captionText-1="Fig. 76. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, hemitergal lobe, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina." captionText-2="Figs. 77–80. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 77. Epiproct, dorsal. 78. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 79. Epiproct, splayed setae, dorsolateral. 80. Epiproct apex, dorsal." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757955" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757957" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4757955/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4757957/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="111">Figs. 74-77</figureCitation>
). Epiproct length ~ 382–420 μm; width ~ 136–168 μm (n = 3); epiproct flattened dorsoventrally (
<figureCitation box="[381,477,199,223]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Figs. 75</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[492,522,199,223]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="29.[189,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-93@29.[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figs. 77–80. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 77. Epiproct, dorsal. 78. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 79. Epiproct, splayed setae, dorsolateral. 80. Epiproct apex, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757957/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">78</figureCitation>
), clothed in appressed hair-like spinulae, and with a mediodorsal sclerite (
<figureCitation box="[197,293,271,295]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Figs. 74</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[307,378,271,295]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="29.[189,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-93@29.[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figs. 77–80. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 77. Epiproct, dorsal. 78. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 79. Epiproct, splayed setae, dorsolateral. 80. Epiproct apex, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757957/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">77–78</figureCitation>
); epiproct widest basally; hair-like spinulae of distal ¼ splayed (
<figureCitation box="[543,626,307,331]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="29.[189,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-93@29.[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figs. 77–80. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 77. Epiproct, dorsal. 78. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 79. Epiproct, splayed setae, dorsolateral. 80. Epiproct apex, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757957/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
). Mediodorsal sclerite narrow throughout its length (slightly wider at its base) and barely exceeding the epiproct apex (
<figureCitation box="[197,330,415,439]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="29.[189,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-93@29.[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figs. 77–80. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 77. Epiproct, dorsal. 78. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 79. Epiproct, splayed setae, dorsolateral. 80. Epiproct apex, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757957/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Figs. 77–80</figureCitation>
); sclerite with a dorsal hump near distal ¼ (
<figureCitation box="[240,387,451,475]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="29.[189,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-93@29.[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figs. 77–80. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 77. Epiproct, dorsal. 78. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 79. Epiproct, splayed setae, dorsolateral. 80. Epiproct apex, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757957/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Figs. 77–79</figureCitation>
); apex smoothly rounded and glabrous (
<figureCitation box="[328,430,487,511]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="29.[189,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-93@29.[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figs. 77–80. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 77. Epiproct, dorsal. 78. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 79. Epiproct, splayed setae, dorsolateral. 80. Epiproct apex, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757957/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
). Paragenital plates short, rounded, or triangular (
<figureCitation box="[491,590,523,547]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Figs. 74</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[608,638,523,547]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="29.[189,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-93@29.[400,1231,997,1764]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figs. 77–80. Remenus duffieldi, adult male, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 77. Epiproct, dorsal. 78. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 79. Epiproct, splayed setae, dorsolateral. 80. Epiproct apex, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757957/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">77</figureCitation>
). Basal cowl covered in dense lightly pigmented spinulae (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="28.[189,238,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-404@28.[438,1194,729,1485]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figs. 72–75. Remenus duffieldi, adult male. 72. Head and pronotum, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina. 73–75. Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 73. Abdominal terga 2–9. 74. Terminalia, dorsal. 75. Terminalia, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757953/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Figs. 74–75</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757955" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4757955" box="[189,1369,899,924]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757955/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="110" startId="29.[189,226,899,923]" targetBox="[476,1156,225,852]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph blockId="29.[189,1369,899,924]" box="[189,1369,899,924]" pageId="29" pageNumber="110">
Fig. 76.
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Stark" authorityYear="2017" box="[280,475,899,923]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[280,475,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="110">Remenus duffieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult male, hemitergal lobe, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4757957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757957/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="110" startId="29.[189,238,1811,1835]" targetBox="[400,1231,997,1764]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph blockId="29.[189,1443,1811,1871]" pageId="29" pageNumber="110">
Figs. 77–80.
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Stark" authorityYear="2017" box="[328,521,1811,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[328,521,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="110">Remenus duffieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult male, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 77. Epiproct, dorsal. 78. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 79. Epiproct, splayed setae, dorsolateral. 80. Epiproct apex, dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4757959" box="[189,1388,800,825]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757959/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="111" startId="30.[189,226,800,824]" targetBox="[551,1080,225,754]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph blockId="30.[189,1388,800,825]" box="[189,1388,800,825]" pageId="30" pageNumber="111">
Fig. 81.
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Stark" authorityYear="2017" box="[280,475,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[280,475,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="111">Remenus duffieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult female subgenital plate, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757962" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4757962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757962/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="111" startId="30.[189,238,1677,1701]" targetBox="[419,1213,898,1630]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph blockId="30.[189,1442,1677,1737]" pageId="30" pageNumber="111">
Figs. 82–84.
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Stark" authorityYear="2017" box="[334,531,1677,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[334,531,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="111">Remenus duffieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ovum, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 82. Ovum, dorsal. 83. Collar, ventral. 84. Micropyles, ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4757964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757964/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" startId="31.[189,230,1459,1483]" targetBox="[266,719,657,1412]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph blockId="31.[189,797,1459,1519]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">
Fig. 85. Larval habitus of
<taxonomicName authority=", Nantahala River, Macon County" authorityName="Nantahala River, Macon County" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[578,797,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Remenus duffieldi,</emphasis>
Nantahala River, Macon County
</taxonomicName>
, North Carolina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="31.[189,797,1603,1915]" lastBlockId="31.[835,1444,199,1914]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,284,1603,1627]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Female.</emphasis>
Macropterous; forewing length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" metricValueMax="1.1099999999999999" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="10.8" valueMax="11.1" valueMin="10.5">10.5–11.1 mm</quantity>
(n = 10). Body length,
<quantity box="[530,683,1639,1663]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.65" metricValueMax="10.4" metricValueMin="8.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="9.65" valueMax="10.4" valueMin="8.9">8.9–10.4 mm</quantity>
(n = 10). General color and morphology similar to the male. Abdominal pigment pattern usually less developed. Medial dusky stripe is faint and lateral margins are not distinctly darkened. Subgenital plate broadly rounded, elongate, lightly sclerotized, with regularly spaced setae, extending ⅘ over sternum 9, or slightly beyond the posterior margin of sternum 9 (
<figureCitation box="[872,960,199,223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,226,800,824]" captionTargetBox="[551,1080,225,754]" captionTargetId="figure-139@30.[551,1080,225,754]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 81. Remenus duffieldi, adult female subgenital plate, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757959/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
); basolateral crease nearly straight or convex posteriorly, extending ~ ⅓ length anteriorly into sternum 8 (
<figureCitation box="[1021,1102,271,295]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,226,800,824]" captionTargetBox="[551,1080,225,754]" captionTargetId="figure-139@30.[551,1080,225,754]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 81. Remenus duffieldi, adult female subgenital plate, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757959/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[835,1444,199,1914]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,918,307,331]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Ovum.</emphasis>
Shape typical of genus (
<figureCitation box="[1207,1341,307,331]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="30.[189,238,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[419,1213,898,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-141@30.[419,1213,898,1630]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs. 82–84. Remenus duffieldi, ovum, Tellico Creek, Macon County, North Carolina. 82. Ovum, dorsal. 83. Collar, ventral. 84. Micropyles, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757962/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Figs. 82–84</figureCitation>
). Length 444–446 μm; width 340–355 μm (n =3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[835,1444,199,1914]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,910,379,403]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Larva.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[926,1009,379,403]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,230,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[266,719,657,1412]" captionTargetId="figure-611@31.[266,719,657,1412]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 85. Larval habitus of Remenus duffieldi, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757964/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
). Body length
<quantity box="[1183,1274,379,403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="9.1">9.1 mm</quantity>
, (n = 1). Head (
<figureCitation box="[843,928,415,439]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="32.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-106@32.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figs. 86–89. Remenus duffieldi, larva. Head and pronotum, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina. Figs. 87–88. Collins Creek, Swain, County North Carolina. 87. Left lacinia, dorsal. 88. Left mandible, dorsal. 89. Male terminal process (developing epiproct), dorsal, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757966/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
), lacinia (
<figureCitation box="[1044,1128,415,439]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="32.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-106@32.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figs. 86–89. Remenus duffieldi, larva. Head and pronotum, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina. Figs. 87–88. Collins Creek, Swain, County North Carolina. 87. Left lacinia, dorsal. 88. Left mandible, dorsal. 89. Male terminal process (developing epiproct), dorsal, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757966/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
), mandibles (
<figureCitation box="[1291,1374,415,439]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="32.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-106@32.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figs. 86–89. Remenus duffieldi, larva. Head and pronotum, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina. Figs. 87–88. Collins Creek, Swain, County North Carolina. 87. Left lacinia, dorsal. 88. Left mandible, dorsal. 89. Male terminal process (developing epiproct), dorsal, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757966/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
), and pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[973,1057,451,475]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="32.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-106@32.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figs. 86–89. Remenus duffieldi, larva. Head and pronotum, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina. Figs. 87–88. Collins Creek, Swain, County North Carolina. 87. Left lacinia, dorsal. 88. Left mandible, dorsal. 89. Male terminal process (developing epiproct), dorsal, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757966/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
) typical of genus. Mature male larva with a short triangular terminal process (developing epiproct) (
<figureCitation box="[1146,1246,523,547]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="32.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-106@32.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figs. 86–89. Remenus duffieldi, larva. Head and pronotum, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina. Figs. 87–88. Collins Creek, Swain, County North Carolina. 87. Left lacinia, dorsal. 88. Left mandible, dorsal. 89. Male terminal process (developing epiproct), dorsal, Nantahala River, Macon County, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757966/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
), Basal cercal segments with whorls of short setae (
<figureCitation box="[1273,1355,559,583]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,226,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[494,1136,1197,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-108@32.[494,1136,1197,1839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 90. Remenus duffieldi, larval cercus, dorsal, Collins Creek, Swain County, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757968/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="112" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="31.[835,1444,199,1914]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,964,594,618]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[975,1174,595,619]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[975,1174,595,619]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Remenus duffieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all other
<taxonomicName box="[939,1129,631,655]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[939,1038,632,655]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Remenus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in coloration and genitalic structure. The pale pronotum and grayish wings are unlike any other species in the genus. The epiproct is most similar to
<taxonomicName box="[1051,1180,739,763]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobatus">
<emphasis box="[1051,1180,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">R. bilobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that it has a dorsal sclerite, but in contrast, it does not greatly exceed the epiproct apex. Additionally,
<taxonomicName box="[1271,1404,811,835]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[1271,1404,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">R. duffieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is differentiated in that the epiproct is dorsoventrally flattened, tergum 9 is not divided, lacks sensilla basiconica, and the spinulae covering the basal cowl are pale. Whereas in males of
<emphasis box="[1245,1390,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName box="[1245,1386,955,979]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobatus">R. bilobatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the epiproct is flattened laterally, the 9
<superScript attach="left" box="[1260,1275,991,1005]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">th</superScript>
tergum has a medial glabrous division, both terga 8 and 9 have mediolateral patches of sensilla basiconica and the basal cowl is clothed in dense golden-brown spinulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[835,1444,199,1914]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">
Females are distinguished by the distinctive pronotal coloration in addition to differences in the subgenital plate. In
<emphasis box="[1073,1200,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName box="[1073,1197,1243,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">R. duffieldi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the subgenital plate is broadly rounded and elongate, generally, as long as, or longer than tergum 9. Whereas in
<emphasis box="[1308,1443,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName box="[1308,1439,1315,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobatus">R. bilobatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the subgenital plate is either broadly triangular or broadly rounded and typically does not exceed the posterior margin of tergum 9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[835,1444,199,1914]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">
Mature larvae of
<taxonomicName box="[1084,1207,1458,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[1084,1207,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">R. duffieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are separable from the two other sympatric species,
<taxonomicName box="[1228,1357,1495,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobatus">
<emphasis box="[1228,1357,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">R. bilobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verdone &amp; Kondratieff" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daniellae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">R. daniellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the lack of long setae on the basal cercal segments.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kondratieff &amp; Nelson" authorityYear="1995" box="[959,1162,1567,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirchneri">
<emphasis box="[959,1162,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Remenus kirchneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also lacks long setae on the basal cercal segments, but based on presently available records, the ranges of these two species do not overlap with
<taxonomicName box="[1049,1173,1675,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[1049,1173,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">R. duffieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring west of the French Broad River and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kondratieff &amp; Nelson" authorityYear="1995" box="[1122,1250,1710,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirchneri">
<emphasis box="[1122,1250,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">R. kirchneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring to the east (
<figureCitation box="[896,991,1746,1771]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,226,1517,1541]" captionTargetBox="[362,1269,261,1435]" captionTargetId="figure-143@41.[362,1269,261,1435]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 115. Distribution of Remenus daniellae, R. duffieldi, and R. kirchneri in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4758002/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Fig. 115</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="31.[835,1444,199,1914]" lastBlockId="33.[835,1444,199,331]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,1049,1782,1806]" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Biological notes.</emphasis>
No life history or biological studies have been conducted on this species.
<taxonomicName box="[835,1030,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffieldi">
<emphasis box="[835,1030,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Remenus duffieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from 11 locations in Blue Ridge Physiographic Province of
<collectingCountry box="[1222,1316,1890,1914]" name="Georgia" pageId="31" pageNumber="112">Georgia</collectingCountry>
and North Carolina. This species has been documented from 1
<superScript attach="right" box="[203,215,236,250]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="114">st</superScript>
–3
<superScript attach="left" box="[242,258,236,250]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="114">rd</superScript>
order streams with drainage areas ranging from
<quantity box="[267,432,271,295]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="9.72" metricValueMin="0.28" pageId="33" pageNumber="114" unit="km" value="5.0" valueMax="9.72" valueMin="0.28">0.28–9.72 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[432,440,272,286]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="114">2</superScript>
. The average elevation of occurrence localities is
<quantity box="[456,544,307,331]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.871" pageId="33" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="987.1">987.1 m</quantity>
(SD ±
<quantity box="[617,709,307,331]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.461" pageId="33" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="346.1">346.1 m</quantity>
). Based on examined material, emergence occurs from mid-May to late July. Existing records are limited, but this species probably inhabits many other streams within GRSM, Nantahala and Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forests.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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