562 lines
73 KiB
XML
562 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="7D31B561A7BB398FF171737BD5344201" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10979515" ID-ZooBank=":pub:D3D3B15B-36FA-42EB-98AD-FAF369D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711485825671" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gracia, Carlos De, Correa-Metrio, Alex, Carvalho, Monica, Velez-Juarbe, Jorge, P ̆ rik, Tom ́ a ̆ s, , Carlos Jarami & Kri, nd Jurgen" docDate="2022" docId="03CA87C46F3B821DFC50FA90FE762009" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.20.1.1-36.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (2091959) 20 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571.1:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Makaira belgica" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFF3FFBC6F2A820FFF99FF8CFF88256D" masterDocTitle="Towards a unifying systematic scheme of fossil and living billfishes (Teleostei, Istiophoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1713275199640" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2A91BD2A7C85D363F5B871E3A736F9DB">Towards a unifying systematic scheme of fossil and living billfishes (Teleostei, Istiophoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F655F1F0815B8CE5D2254C2A73E1983A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="591C7640B96A5AC6DA22DF88B9061310">Gracia, Carlos De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AA4CF799CBE9DE56402A4E5D04610E1F">Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek Platz 2 (UZA II) / 2 A 323, 1090, Vienna, Austria; & Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; & Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843 - 03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Republic of Panama;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="91458D844995E78FCDF47965DA44102A">Correa-Metrio, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="963335C71D595DDA255010FC4F9C540D">Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M ́ exico, Campus Juriquilla, Quer ́ etaro 76230, Mexico; & Instituto de Geolog ́ ıa, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M ́ exico, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, M ́ exico, D. F., Mexico;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ECB5E130F2B33BCC6241836EE420FC01">Carvalho, Monica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="03E35CBDA36E9DFA1D240B6DFA28BD14">Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843 - 03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Republic of Panama;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="435B15539C34762C58D35AC582F3CC64">Velez-Juarbe, Jorge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F4AA3C8D430470495FD106FA00F0FFA1">Department of Mammalogy, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles Country, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; & Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9D02E34887D919B8382043793B34C1B9">P ̆ rik, Tom ́ a ̆ s</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3FAB87844C8425B451B13A92540522D7">, Carlos Jarami</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0FE6522ADFED2023BDEC7F1A058E315C">Kri, nd Jurgen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5875B47DC6D935B9F59834D07211215B">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6766AEA111C4F771A199C9EF5C90CF74">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="D3D0E161DC76D7564224944A8A858B98">2091959</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="57B82D44BA03A9C8A7B1ADFA2FA9B0E2">2022-08-19</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CA87C46F3B821DFC50FA90FE762009" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10979634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87C46F3B821DFC50FA90FE762009" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87C46F3B821DFC50FA90FE762009" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="C37965596F3B821EFC50FA90FAB6205E" box="[969,1342,1307,1332]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F3B821EFC50FA90FAB6205E" blockId="17.[969,1342,1307,1366]" box="[969,1342,1307,1332]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D09481BE6F3B821EFC50FA90FAB6205E" box="[969,1342,1307,1332]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" reason="8">
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†
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFC4EFA90FAB6205E" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[983,1342,1307,1331]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belgica">
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<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFC4EFA90FB05205E" bold="true" box="[983,1165,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Makaira belgica</emphasis>
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(Ĺeriche, 1926)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37965596F3B821EFBB4FAB3FB52203B" box="[1069,1242,1343,1366]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F3B821EFBB4FAB3FB52203B" blockId="17.[969,1342,1307,1366]" box="[1069,1242,1343,1366]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13582A576F3B821EFBAFFAB3FB03203B" box="[1078,1163,1343,1366]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[159,226,680,701]" captionTargetBox="[169,1457,192,661]" captionTargetId="figure-417@15.[168,1457,188,663]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. A–L, comparison among selected fossils and extant marlin species with emphasis on the rostral morphology and its crosssections at 0.5 and 0.25L; A, reconstruction of the rostrum of †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen. et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250); B, reconstruction of the rostrum of †Spathochoira calvertense gen. et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344); C, †Morgula donosochagrense gen. et sp. nov. (MUPAN–STRI31293); D, †Makaira colonense sp. nov. (MUPAN–STRI31292); E, reconstruction of the rostrum of Makaira panamense (USNM 181710); F, reconstruction of the rostrum of †Makaira belgica (MAUL 917/1) from the late Miocene of Italy; G, †Makaira fierstini sp. nov. (USNM 358534); H, Makaira nigricans (USNM 196019); I, Istiompax indica (LACM 25509); J, Kajikia albida (USNM 360507); K, Kajikia audax (USNM 372777); L, Istiophorus platypterus (MNHN A-9463). The white circle indicates the point where fused prenasals start to divide in two separate bones, if this point is more distal, the narial cavity is longer and rostrum is more open. Arrows indicates where premaxillaries protrude from prenasals in Makaira ssp., the outer projection of the prenasals is represented by an angle symbol. Cross-sections at 0.5 and 0.25L: blue is oval shape, light blue is oval shape compressed laterally (borders could be more angular instead of smooth and prenasals are embedded into premaxillaries; see Fig. 9H), green is round, yellow is oval highly depressed (almost plane), red represents other shapes (see Fig. 9A, J). Pink water mark indicates the reconstructed sections. Different rostrums are labelled according the observed or inferred feeding strategy. Thrusting refers to rostrums used mostly for direct impacts and specific refers to rostrums used in multidirectional, lateral or complex feeding strategies. Scale bars = 10 cm." pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Figs 7F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13582A576F3B821EFB01FAB3FB59203B" box="[1176,1233,1343,1366]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[159,226,1672,1693]" captionTargetBox="[165,779,192,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-292@19.[161,779,188,1654]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A–E, Cross-sections of fossil istiophorids. †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen. et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250): A, cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum; B, crosssection at 92 mm measured from its proximal end; C, crosssection at 139 mm measured from its proximal end; D, crosssection at 200mm measured from its proximal end; E, crosssection at 260 mm measured from its proximal end, F, †Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), cross-section at 0.25 L distance. G, †Makaira panamense (USNM 481933), cross-section approximately at 0.5L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation state). H, I, N, †Makaira belgica, MAUL 917/1; H, cross-section at 0.5L and I, 0.25 L distance; IRSNB P117; N, cross-section at 0.25 L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation). J, K, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344) at J, 0.5 L and K, 0.25 L; L, M, extant I. platypterus at L, 0.5L and M, 0.25 L; O, †Xiphiorhynchus solidus (IRSNB P643), cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum. Dashed lines show reconstruction of missing sections. The black arrow in I, shows the dorsal placement of the internal canals. In J, K, the arrows show the ventral external canal in cross-section at 0.5 L and 0.25L distance. Scale bars = 1 cm." pageId="17" pageNumber="17">9H, I</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37965596F3B821EFCD3FAF3FC3E2375" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F3B821EFCD3FAF3FC4620DA" blockId="17.[842,1467,1406,1560]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
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1926 †
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFC3CFAF3FB4C20FB" authorityName="Leriche" authorityYear="1926" box="[933,1220,1407,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Brachyrhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belgicus">
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<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFC3CFAF3FB4C20FB" box="[933,1220,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Brachyrhynchus belgicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ĺeriche: 443, figs 210, 211.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F3B821EFCD3FA4CFA0D20BA" blockId="17.[842,1467,1406,1560]" box="[842,1413,1470,1495]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
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1978 †
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFC0FFA4CFBF920BA" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[918,1137,1472,1495]" class="Mammalia" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Istiophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belgicus">
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<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFC0FFA4CFBF920BA" box="[918,1137,1472,1495]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Istiophorus belgicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Ĺeriche) in Fierstine: 8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F3B821EFCD3FA6CFC3E2375" blockId="17.[842,1467,1406,1560]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
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1990 †
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFC38FA6CFBE3209A" authorityName="Leriche" authorityYear="1926" box="[929,1131,1504,1527]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belgicus">
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<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFC38FA6CFBE3209A" box="[929,1131,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Makaira belgicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Ĺeriche) in Fierstine: 15, table 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37965596F3B821EFCD4F9BDFABD23E4" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F3B821EFCD4F9BDFABD23E4" blockId="17.[845,1467,1585,1673]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFCD4F9BDFC492325" bold="true" box="[845,961,1585,1608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species is characterized by dorsally positioned internal canals in the rostrum, which represents an autapomorphic trait for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37965596F3B821DFCD4F92FFE0F2429" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F3B821EFCD4F92FFADD2396" blockId="17.[844,1467,1699,1787]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3C8F6F3B821EFCD4F92FFADD2396" country="Belgium" location="Middle Miocene" municipality="Anvers" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFCD4F92FFC3323D7" bold="true" box="[845,955,1699,1722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D888706F3B821EFCD4F92FFC3F23D7" box="[845,951,1699,1722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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IRSNB P1117,
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<typeStatus id="54D888706F3B821EFB1AF92FFB6823D7" box="[1155,1248,1699,1722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
is a 200 mm-long distal rostral fragment (Ĺeriche 1926).
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<location id="8EBC60096F3B821EFB66F94FFA3E23B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87C46F3B821DFC50FA90FE762009:8EBC60096F3B821EFB66F94FFA3E23B7" box="[1279,1462,1731,1754]" country="Belgium" municipality="Anvers" name="Middle Miocene" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Middle Miocene</location>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BB8ACA86F3B821EFCD5F968FC142396" box="[844,924,1764,1787]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Anvers</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37476426F3B821EFC30F968FB8D2396" box="[937,1029,1764,1787]" name="Belgium" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Belgium</collectingCountry>
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||
(Ĺeriche 1926;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B236F3B821EFB2EF968FACC2396" author="Schultz, O." box="[1207,1348,1764,1787]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" pagination="95 - 202" refId="ref28736" refString="Schultz, O. 1987. Taxonomische Neugruppierung der Uberfamile ¨ Xiphioidea (Pisces, Osteichthyes. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 89, 95 - 202." type="journal article" year="1987">Schultz 1987</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F3B821DFCD5F898FE2A2599" blockId="17.[844,1467,1812,1901]" lastBlockId="18.[159,781,189,244]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFCD5F898FBEA2246" bold="true" box="[844,1122,1812,1835]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">New referred material.</emphasis>
|
||
MAUL 917/1, is a 500 mm-long, nearly complete rostrum with associated left lower jaw and poorly preserved and deformed skull from the late Miocene of Pietra Leccese Formation,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F8306F38821DFD1BFF31FD4525B9" box="[642,717,189,212]" country="Italy" name="Puglia" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Apulia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37476426F38821DFD45FF31FC8525B9" box="[732,781,189,212]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B236F38821DFF3FFF51FE1A2599" author="Carnevale, G. & Sorbini, C. & Landini, W. & Varola, A." box="[166,402,221,244]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="63 - 75" refId="ref24342" refString="Carnevale, G., Sorbini, C., Landini, W. & Varola, A. 2002. Makaira cf. M. nigricans Lacepede, 1802 (Teleostei: Perciformes: Istiophoridae) from the Pietra Leccese, late Miocene, Apulia, southern Italy. Palaeontographia Italica, 88, 63 - 75." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Carnevale
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F38821DFE84FF51FEDD2599" box="[285,341,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1C665A6F3B821EFF06F8A1FF622720" ID-Table-UUID="DF1C665A6F3B821EFF06F8A1FF622720" box="[159,234,188,1896]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1C665A6F3B821EFF06F8A1FF622720" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" startId="17.[159,180,1837,1896]" subCaptionStartIDs="0.[1470,1619,186,207]" subCaptionStarts="Abbr" targetBox="[250,626,188,1896]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F3B821EFF06F8A1FF622720" box="[159,234,188,1896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFF06F8A1FF3C2205" bold="true" box="[159,180,1837,1896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Table</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFF06F89AFF3C224E" bold="true" box="[159,180,1814,1827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">4</emphasis>
|
||
. Estimated body size (LJFL and TL) in fossil istiophorids using the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F3B821EFF06FB83FF3C213D" box="[159,180,1039,1104]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">VSPM</collectionCode>
|
||
distance as an allometric predictor. Species range suggests which extant species or genera fit better with the fossil specimen according the morphology and by the size ranges established by Nakamura (1983).
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFF23FE7DFF4727EB" bold="true" box="[186,207,497,646]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFF23FE24FF472489" bold="true" box="[186,207,424,484]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">LJFL</emphasis>
|
||
, lower jaw fork length;
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFF4CF8CBFF62222A" bold="true" box="[213,234,1858,1896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">TL,</emphasis>
|
||
total length;
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFF4CF9FBFF62231A" bold="true" box="[213,234,1650,1724]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F3B821EFF4CF9FBFF6223D1" box="[213,234,1655,1724]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">VSPM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
length from the distal tip to the point where the fussed premaxillaries start to divide in two separate bones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F3B821EFF63F895FDFA242A" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table id="F963C4726F3B7DF0FF63FF30FDFA2205" box="[250,626,188,1896]" gridcols="8" gridrows="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FF63FF30FE982205" box="[250,272,188,1896]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FF63F948FE982205" box="[250,272,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">Number</th>
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FF63FB43FE982326" box="[250,272,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FF63FBAFFE9821F7" box="[250,272,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F3B821EFF63FBD4FE8721F4" box="[250,271,1112,1177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">VSPM</collectionCode>
|
||
(cm)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FF63FC09FE982683" box="[250,272,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">LJFL (cm)</th>
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FF63FDF3FE982629" box="[250,272,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
TL (LJFL +
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F3B821EFF63FD0AFE8727A4" box="[250,271,646,713]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">VSPM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FF63FE1EFE982752" box="[250,272,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">Body weight (kg)</th>
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FF63FF30FE982430" box="[250,272,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">Species range</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FE85FF30FEBA2205" box="[284,306,188,1896]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE85F948FEBA2205" box="[284,306,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">MUPPAN – STRI</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE85F90CFEBA23D1" box="[284,306,1664,1724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">31293</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE85FB43FEBA2326" box="[284,306,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
Mo.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFE84FAF8FEBA2371" authorityName="Gracia & Correa-Metrio & Carvalho & Velez-Juarbe & P̆rik & & Kri" authorityYear="2022" box="[285,306,1396,1564]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Morgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donosochagrense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFE84FAF8FEBA2371" box="[285,306,1396,1564]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">donosochagrense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et. sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE85FBAFFEBA21F7" box="[284,306,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">24.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE85FC09FEBA2683" box="[284,306,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">182.51</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE85FDF3FEBA2629" box="[284,306,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">207.31</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE85FE1EFEBA2752" box="[284,306,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">80.04</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE85FF30FEBA2430" box="[284,306,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFE84FE9AFEBA2587" box="[285,306,231,349]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Kajikia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFE84FE9AFEBA2430" box="[285,306,278,349]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Kajikia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FEAEFF30FEC42205" box="[311,332,188,1896]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEAEF948FEC42205" box="[311,332,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">MNHNP 250</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEAEFB43FEC42326" box="[311,332,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
P.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFEAEFA54FEC42340" authorityName="Gracia & Correa-Metrio & Carvalho & Velez-Juarbe & P̆rik & & Kri" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Arambourg" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[311,332,1496,1581]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Prototetrapturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="courcelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFEAEFA54FEC42340" box="[311,332,1496,1581]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">courcelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et. comb. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEAEFBAFFEC421F7" box="[311,332,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">NA</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEAEFC09FEC42683" box="[311,332,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">NA</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEAEFDF3FEC42629" box="[311,332,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">NA</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEAEFE1EFEC42752" box="[311,332,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">NA</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEAEFF30FEC42430" box="[311,332,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFEAEFF67FEC42431" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[311,332,235,348]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Tetrapturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFEAEFF67FEC42431" box="[311,332,235,348]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Tetrapturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FECBFF30FEEF2205" box="[338,359,188,1896]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FECBF948FEEF2205" box="[338,359,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">USNM 9344</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FECBFB43FEEF2326" box="[338,359,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
S.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFECBFA4FFEEF235D" authorityName="Gracia & Correa-Metrio & Carvalho & Velez-Juarbe & P̆rik & & Kri" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Berry" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[338,359,1475,1584]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Spathochoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calvertense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFECBFA4FFEEF235D" box="[338,359,1475,1584]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">calvertense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et. comb. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FECBFBAFFEEF21F7" box="[338,359,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">16.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FECBFC09FEEF2683" box="[338,359,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">123.64</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FECBFDF3FEEF2629" box="[338,359,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">140.24</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FECBFE1EFEEF2752" box="[338,359,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">21.57</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FECBFF30FEEF2430" box="[338,359,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFECBFE9AFEEF2587" box="[338,359,231,349]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Kajikia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFECBFE9AFEEF2430" box="[338,359,278,349]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Kajikia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FEF5FF30FE092205" box="[364,385,188,1896]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEF5F948FE092205" box="[364,385,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">USNM 358534</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEF5FB43FE092326" box="[364,385,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFEF5F9BFFE092327" box="[364,385,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFEF5FA52FE092344" authorityName="Gracia & Correa-Metrio & Carvalho & Velez-Juarbe & P̆rik & & Kri" authorityYear="2022" box="[364,385,1502,1577]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fierstini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFEF5FA52FE092344" box="[364,385,1502,1577]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">fierstini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEF5FBAFFE0921F7" box="[364,385,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">48.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEF5FC09FE092683" box="[364,385,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">351.22</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEF5FDF3FE092629" box="[364,385,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">399.52</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEF5FE1EFE092752" box="[364,385,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">724.98</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FEF5FF30FE092430" box="[364,385,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFEF5FECAFE092456" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[364,385,224,349]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">M. nigricans</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FE1EFF30FE152205" box="[391,413,188,1896]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE1EF948FE152205" box="[391,413,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">MUPPAN – STRI</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE1EF90CFE1523D1" box="[391,413,1664,1724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">39292</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE1EFB43FE152326" box="[391,413,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFE1EFA45FE142344" authorityName="Gracia & Correa-Metrio & Carvalho & Velez-Juarbe & P̆rik & & Kri" authorityYear="2022" box="[391,412,1481,1577]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colonense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFE1EFA45FE142344" box="[391,412,1481,1577]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">colonense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE1EFBAFFE1521F7" box="[391,413,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">36.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE1EFC09FE152683" box="[391,413,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">267.94</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE1EFDF3FE152629" box="[391,413,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">304.64</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE1EFE1EFE152752" box="[391,413,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">291.51</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE1EFF30FE152430" box="[391,413,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">M. nigricans</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FE3BFF30FE3F2205" box="[418,439,188,1896]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE3BF948FE3F2205" box="[418,439,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">MAUL 917 /1</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE3BFB43FE3F2326" box="[418,439,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFE3BFA6EFE3F2344" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB P" baseAuthorityYear="1117" box="[418,439,1506,1577]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belgica">belgica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE3BFBAFFE3F21F7" box="[418,439,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu"># 41</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE3BFC09FE3F2683" box="[418,439,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">298.81</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE3BFDF3FE3F2629" box="[418,439,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">339.81</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE3BFE1EFE3F2752" box="[418,439,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">420.80</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE3BFF30FE3F2430" box="[418,439,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFE3BFECAFE3F2456" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[418,439,224,349]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">M. nigricans</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FE25FF30FE652205" box="[444,493,188,1896]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE25F948FE652205" box="[444,493,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">USNM 181710 USNM 375733</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE25FB43FE652326" box="[444,493,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFE25FA31FE592344" authorityName="Fierstine" authorityYear="1978" box="[444,465,1469,1577]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamense">panamense</taxonomicName>
|
||
M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFE4EFA66FE642344" authorityName="Fierstine" authorityYear="1999" box="[471,492,1514,1577]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="purdyi">purdyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE25FBAFFE6521F7" box="[444,493,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">39.5 16 × 3 = 48 $</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE25FC09FE652683" box="[444,493,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">288.04 349.06</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE25FDF3FE652629" box="[444,493,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">327.54 397.06</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE25FE1EFE652752" box="[444,493,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">371.89 710.13</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE25FF30FE652430" box="[444,493,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFE25FECAFE642456" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[444,492,224,349]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFE25FF6CFE592456" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[444,465,224,315]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">nigricans</taxonomicName>
|
||
M. nigricans
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FE6BFF30FD8F2205" box="[498,519,188,1896]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE6BF948FD8F2205" box="[498,519,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">MISSED</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE6BFB43FD8F2326" box="[498,519,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFE6BF9BFFD8F2359" box="[498,519,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">M.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFE6BFA3BFD8F2345" authorityName="Rutimeyer" authorityYear="1857" box="[498,519,1463,1576]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teretirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFE6BFA3BFD8F2345" box="[498,519,1463,1576]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">teretirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE6BFBAFFD8F21F7" box="[498,519,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">42.84</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE6BFC09FD8F2683" box="[498,519,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">312.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE6BFDF3FD8F2629" box="[498,519,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">354.86</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE6BFE1EFD8F2752" box="[498,519,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">486.76</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FE6BFF30FD8F2430" box="[498,519,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFE6BFECAFD8F2456" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[498,519,224,349]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">M. nigricans</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FD95FF30FDAA2205" box="[524,546,188,1896]" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FD95F948FDAA2205" box="[524,546,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">MUPPAN – STRI</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FD95F90CFDAA23D1" box="[524,546,1664,1724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">31291</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FD95FB43FDAA2326" box="[524,546,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFD95FA40FDA92326" authorityName="Robins & de Sylva" authorityYear="1960" box="[524,545,1484,1611]" family="Istiophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Istiophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FD95FBAFFDAA21F7" box="[524,546,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">32</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FD95FC09FDAA2683" box="[524,546,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">234.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FD95FDF3FDAA2629" box="[524,546,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">266.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FD95FE1EFDAA2752" box="[524,546,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">185.30</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FD95FF30FDAA2430" box="[524,546,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFD95FE9AFDA92430" authorityName="Hirasaka & Nakamura" authorityYear="1947" box="[524,545,278,349]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Kajikia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFD95FE9AFDA92430" box="[524,545,278,349]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Kajikia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FDBEFF30FDB42205" box="[551,572,188,1896]" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDBEF948FDB42205" box="[551,572,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">OCPC 31001</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDBEFB43FDB42326" box="[551,572,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFDBEFA40FDB42326" authorityName="Robins & de Sylva" authorityYear="1960" box="[551,572,1484,1611]" family="Istiophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Istiophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDBEFBAFFDB421F7" box="[551,572,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">32.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDBEFC09FDB42683" box="[551,572,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">237.07</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDBEFDF3FDB42629" box="[551,572,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">269.47</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDBEFE1EFDB42752" box="[551,572,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">193.06</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDBEFF30FDB42430" box="[551,572,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFDBEFE9AFDB42430" authorityName="Hirasaka & Nakamura" authorityYear="1947" box="[551,572,278,349]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Kajikia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFDBEFE9AFDB42430" box="[551,572,278,349]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Kajikia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FDDBFF30FDDF2205" box="[578,599,188,1896]" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDDBF948FDDF2205" box="[578,599,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">MAUL 57 / 1</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDDBFB43FDDF2326" box="[578,599,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFDDBFA40FDDF2326" authorityName="Robins & de Sylva" authorityYear="1960" box="[578,599,1484,1611]" family="Istiophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Istiophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDDBFBAFFDDF21F7" box="[578,599,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">#32</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDDBFC09FDDF2683" box="[578,599,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">234.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDDBFDF3FDDF2629" box="[578,599,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">266.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDDBFE1EFDDF2752" box="[578,599,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">185.30</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDDBFF30FDDF2430" box="[578,599,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFDDBFE9AFDDF2430" authorityName="Hirasaka & Nakamura" authorityYear="1947" box="[578,599,278,349]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Kajikia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFDDBFE9AFDDF2430" box="[578,599,278,349]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Kajikia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355334906F3B7DF0FDC4FF30FDFA2205" box="[605,626,188,1896]" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDC4F948FDFA2205" box="[605,626,1732,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">MAUL 60 /1</th>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDC4FB43FDFA2326" box="[605,626,1231,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFDC4FA51FDFA2327" box="[605,626,1501,1610]" class="Mammalia" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Istiophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFDC4FA51FDFA2327" box="[605,626,1501,1610]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Istiophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDC4FBAFFDFA21F7" box="[605,626,1059,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDC4FC09FDFA2683" box="[605,626,901,1006]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">112.15</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDC4FDF3FDFA2629" box="[605,626,639,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">127.15</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDC4FE1EFDFA2752" box="[605,626,402,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">15.54</td>
|
||
<td id="76825DEC6F3B7DF0FDC4FF30FDFA2430" box="[605,626,188,349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFDC4FEDEFDFA242A" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[605,626,219,349]" class="Mammalia" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Istiophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platypterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFDC4FEDEFDFA242A" box="[605,626,219,349]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">I. platypterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F3B821EFDE3F8D0FD442608" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tableNote id="7685375C6F3B821EFDE3F8D0FD442608" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFDE3F8D0FD072205" bold="true" box="[634,655,1884,1896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">*</emphasis>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F3B821EFD18F951FD1E2273" box="[641,662,1757,1822]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">VSPM</collectionCode>
|
||
value has been replaced in
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFD18FA1FFD1E20C7" box="[641,662,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFD18FAC8FD1E20EE" authorityName="Fierstine" authorityYear="1999" box="[641,662,1348,1411]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="purdyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFD18FAC8FD1E20EE" box="[641,662,1348,1411]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">purdyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by multiplying its
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F3B821EFD18FBBCFD1E211C" box="[641,662,1072,1137]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">VSPM</collectionCode>
|
||
distance by three due the unusually short rostrum and because its rostral length is approximately one-third of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F3B821EFD05FA63FD39232F" authorityName="Lacepède" authorityYear="1802" box="[668,689,1519,1602]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFD05FA63FD39232F" box="[668,689,1519,1602]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">Makaira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. rostrum; #, the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F3B821EFD05FB57FD392071" box="[668,689,1243,1308]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">VSPM</collectionCode>
|
||
measurements have been estimated by using the lower jaw length (LJ) minus the rostral length (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F3B821EFD05FF75FD392464" box="[668,689,249,265]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">L</collectionCode>
|
||
) LJ –
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F3B821EFD2EF8D5FD442205" box="[695,716,1881,1896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">L</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F3B821EFD2EF976FD442253" box="[695,716,1786,1854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">VSPM</collectionCode>
|
||
. Round weight (kg) is predicted from
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F3B821EFD2EFAC6FD442013" box="[695,716,1354,1406]" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">LJFL</collectionCode>
|
||
using the notation Wª = al
|
||
<subScript id="17E734976F3B821EFD28FBBCFD372154" attach="left" box="[689,703,1072,1081]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">b</subScript>
|
||
(Prager
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFD2EFC44FD4426B4" box="[695,716,968,985]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">et</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFD2EFC26FD4426AD" box="[695,716,938,960]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">al</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F3B821EFD2EFC2BFD4426C7" box="[695,716,935,938]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="17">.</emphasis>
|
||
1995).
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F38821DFF06FE81FE0F2429" blockId="18.[159,781,269,324]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F38821DFF06FE81FEA32449" bold="true" box="[159,299,269,292]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Middle Miocene (Burdigalian) to late Miocene (Tortonian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37965596F38821DFF06FED2FE762009" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F38821DFF06FED2FEAC2676" blockId="18.[159,781,349,1380]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F38821DFF06FED2FE852418" bold="true" box="[159,269,350,373]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F38821DFEA9FED2FE792418" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB P" baseAuthorityYear="1117" box="[304,497,350,373]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belgica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F38821DFEA9FED2FE792418" box="[304,497,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Makaira belgica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents the earliest record of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F38821DFE0CFEF2FE7924F8" authorityName="Lacepède" authorityYear="1802" box="[405,497,382,405]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F38821DFE0CFEF2FE7924F8" box="[405,497,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Makaira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D888706F38821DFDA6FEF2FD1424F8" box="[575,668,382,405]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is represented by a
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B376F38821DFEABFE13FE0024DB" box="[306,392,415,438]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
|
||
distal rostral fragment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A576F38821DFD3FFE13FD7624DB" box="[678,766,415,438]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[159,226,1150,1171]" captionTargetBox="[177,1469,197,1132]" captionTargetId="figure-269@16.[159,1469,188,1133]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. A–D, Istiophoridae holotypes represented by fragmented rostrums in dorsal, right lateral and ventral view; A, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344), holotype; B, Makaira belgica (IRSNB P1117), holotype; C, †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250), holotype; D, Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), holotype. Dashed black lines show the positions where the sections at 0.5L and 0.25L have been studied. White dashed lines indicates the prenasal sutures. Scale bar = 5 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is robust and oval in cross-section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A576F38821DFD13FE33FD7524BB" box="[650,765,447,470]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[159,226,1672,1693]" captionTargetBox="[165,779,192,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-292@19.[161,779,188,1654]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A–E, Cross-sections of fossil istiophorids. †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen. et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250): A, cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum; B, crosssection at 92 mm measured from its proximal end; C, crosssection at 139 mm measured from its proximal end; D, crosssection at 200mm measured from its proximal end; E, crosssection at 260 mm measured from its proximal end, F, †Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), cross-section at 0.25 L distance. G, †Makaira panamense (USNM 481933), cross-section approximately at 0.5L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation state). H, I, N, †Makaira belgica, MAUL 917/1; H, cross-section at 0.5L and I, 0.25 L distance; IRSNB P117; N, cross-section at 0.25 L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation). J, K, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344) at J, 0.5 L and K, 0.25 L; L, M, extant I. platypterus at L, 0.5L and M, 0.25 L; O, †Xiphiorhynchus solidus (IRSNB P643), cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum. Dashed lines show reconstruction of missing sections. The black arrow in I, shows the dorsal placement of the internal canals. In J, K, the arrows show the ventral external canal in cross-section at 0.5 L and 0.25L distance. Scale bars = 1 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). At 0.25
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F38821DFF63FE6CFE85249A" box="[250,269,480,503]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">L</collectionCode>
|
||
, it has a pair of small and circular internal canals, which are arranged dorsally and parallel along the midline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A576F38821DFEB5FDADFE082755" box="[300,384,545,568]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[159,226,1672,1693]" captionTargetBox="[165,779,192,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-292@19.[161,779,188,1654]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A–E, Cross-sections of fossil istiophorids. †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen. et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250): A, cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum; B, crosssection at 92 mm measured from its proximal end; C, crosssection at 139 mm measured from its proximal end; D, crosssection at 200mm measured from its proximal end; E, crosssection at 260 mm measured from its proximal end, F, †Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), cross-section at 0.25 L distance. G, †Makaira panamense (USNM 481933), cross-section approximately at 0.5L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation state). H, I, N, †Makaira belgica, MAUL 917/1; H, cross-section at 0.5L and I, 0.25 L distance; IRSNB P117; N, cross-section at 0.25 L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation). J, K, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344) at J, 0.5 L and K, 0.25 L; L, M, extant I. platypterus at L, 0.5L and M, 0.25 L; O, †Xiphiorhynchus solidus (IRSNB P643), cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum. Dashed lines show reconstruction of missing sections. The black arrow in I, shows the dorsal placement of the internal canals. In J, K, the arrows show the ventral external canal in cross-section at 0.5 L and 0.25L distance. Scale bars = 1 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the new specimen MAUL 917/ 1 referred to this species, the prenasals and maxillae are well preserved but the nasals are only partially preserved. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D888706F38821DFEDFFD0EFE2B27F4" box="[326,419,642,665]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
the nasals are only represented by grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A576F38821DFEA0FD2FFE1B27D7" box="[313,403,675,698]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[159,226,1150,1171]" captionTargetBox="[177,1469,197,1132]" captionTargetId="figure-269@16.[159,1469,188,1133]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. A–D, Istiophoridae holotypes represented by fragmented rostrums in dorsal, right lateral and ventral view; A, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344), holotype; B, Makaira belgica (IRSNB P1117), holotype; C, †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250), holotype; D, Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), holotype. Dashed black lines show the positions where the sections at 0.5L and 0.25L have been studied. White dashed lines indicates the prenasal sutures. Scale bar = 5 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
) (Ĺeriche 1926;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B236F38821DFDFEFD2FFD7527D7" author="Schultz, O." box="[615,765,675,698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="95 - 202" refId="ref28736" refString="Schultz, O. 1987. Taxonomische Neugruppierung der Uberfamile ¨ Xiphioidea (Pisces, Osteichthyes. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 89, 95 - 202." type="journal article" year="1987">Schultz 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Alveoli and denticles are visible across the completely ventral surface in both specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A576F38821DFDB7FD68FD0B2796" box="[558,643,740,763]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[159,226,1150,1171]" captionTargetBox="[177,1469,197,1132]" captionTargetId="figure-269@16.[159,1469,188,1133]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. A–D, Istiophoridae holotypes represented by fragmented rostrums in dorsal, right lateral and ventral view; A, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344), holotype; B, Makaira belgica (IRSNB P1117), holotype; C, †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250), holotype; D, Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), holotype. Dashed black lines show the positions where the sections at 0.5L and 0.25L have been studied. White dashed lines indicates the prenasal sutures. Scale bar = 5 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B236F38821DFD06FD68FE9C2676" author="Carnevale, G. & Sorbini, C. & Landini, W. & Varola, A." pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="63 - 75" refId="ref24342" refString="Carnevale, G., Sorbini, C., Landini, W. & Varola, A. 2002. Makaira cf. M. nigricans Lacepede, 1802 (Teleostei: Perciformes: Istiophoridae) from the Pietra Leccese, late Miocene, Apulia, southern Italy. Palaeontographia Italica, 88, 63 - 75." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Carnevale
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F38821DFF06FC88FF5F2676" box="[159,215,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F38821DFF20FCA8FE762009" blockId="18.[159,781,349,1380]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The studied ratios of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F38821DFE21FCA8FDA62656" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB P" baseAuthorityYear="1117" box="[440,558,804,827]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belgica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F38821DFE21FCA8FDA62656" box="[440,558,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">M. belgica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the 0.5
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F38821DFD3FFCA8FD3E2656" box="[678,694,804,827]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">L</collectionCode>
|
||
section fall within the rage of recent and fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F38821DFDEEFCC9FC8E2631" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[631,774,837,860]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F38821DFDEEFCC9FC8E2631" box="[631,774,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">M. nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differ in its dorsally aligned internal canals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A576F38821DFD46FCE9FF5526F0" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[159,226,1672,1693]" captionTargetBox="[165,779,192,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-292@19.[161,779,188,1654]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A–E, Cross-sections of fossil istiophorids. †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen. et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250): A, cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum; B, crosssection at 92 mm measured from its proximal end; C, crosssection at 139 mm measured from its proximal end; D, crosssection at 200mm measured from its proximal end; E, crosssection at 260 mm measured from its proximal end, F, †Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), cross-section at 0.25 L distance. G, †Makaira panamense (USNM 481933), cross-section approximately at 0.5L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation state). H, I, N, †Makaira belgica, MAUL 917/1; H, cross-section at 0.5L and I, 0.25 L distance; IRSNB P117; N, cross-section at 0.25 L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation). J, K, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344) at J, 0.5 L and K, 0.25 L; L, M, extant I. platypterus at L, 0.5L and M, 0.25 L; O, †Xiphiorhynchus solidus (IRSNB P643), cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum. Dashed lines show reconstruction of missing sections. The black arrow in I, shows the dorsal placement of the internal canals. In J, K, the arrows show the ventral external canal in cross-section at 0.5 L and 0.25L distance. Scale bars = 1 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Figs 9H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A576F38821DFF68FC0AFE8426F0" box="[241,268,902,925]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[133,200,1387,1408]" captionTargetBox="[133,1871,544,1363]" captionTargetId="figure-0@21.[133,1872,539,1369]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. A, PCA morphospace for MAR obtained values from 110 modern marlin individuals distributed in five extant species and 11 fossil specimens. B, probability density function for five modern marlin species and its probabilistic associations with fossil specimens based on the PCA analysis. The PCA explains 90.9% of total variation in the first two axes. In B, the numbers correspond with those in the PCA analysis for species names. Grey lines are the 95% confidence intervals for extant species and the lines represent the distances of each fossil individual. For the three individuals identified as Istiophoridae sp. 1 the correspondence between the numbers in parenthesis and the collection number is: MAUL 57/1 (3), MUPPAN– STRI 31291 (6) and OCPC 31001 (7)." pageId="18" pageNumber="18">10</figureCitation>
|
||
) (Ĺeriche 1926;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B236F38821DFE4CFC0AFDE026F0" author="Schultz, O." box="[469,616,902,925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="95 - 202" refId="ref28736" refString="Schultz, O. 1987. Taxonomische Neugruppierung der Uberfamile ¨ Xiphioidea (Pisces, Osteichthyes. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 89, 95 - 202." type="journal article" year="1987">Schultz 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This feature represents the only autapomorphy for this species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A576F38821DFD7AFC2AFF5E26B3" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[159,226,1672,1693]" captionTargetBox="[165,779,192,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-292@19.[161,779,188,1654]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A–E, Cross-sections of fossil istiophorids. †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen. et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250): A, cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum; B, crosssection at 92 mm measured from its proximal end; C, crosssection at 139 mm measured from its proximal end; D, crosssection at 200mm measured from its proximal end; E, crosssection at 260 mm measured from its proximal end, F, †Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), cross-section at 0.25 L distance. G, †Makaira panamense (USNM 481933), cross-section approximately at 0.5L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation state). H, I, N, †Makaira belgica, MAUL 917/1; H, cross-section at 0.5L and I, 0.25 L distance; IRSNB P117; N, cross-section at 0.25 L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation). J, K, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344) at J, 0.5 L and K, 0.25 L; L, M, extant I. platypterus at L, 0.5L and M, 0.25 L; O, †Xiphiorhynchus solidus (IRSNB P643), cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum. Dashed lines show reconstruction of missing sections. The black arrow in I, shows the dorsal placement of the internal canals. In J, K, the arrows show the ventral external canal in cross-section at 0.5 L and 0.25L distance. Scale bars = 1 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9H–I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D888706F38821DFEBCFC4BFE0A26B3" box="[293,386,967,990]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F38821DFE0CFC4BFE6D26B3" box="[405,485,967,990]" country="Belgium" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">IRSNB</collectionCode>
|
||
P1117) of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F38821DFDE0FC4BFD7826B3" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB P" baseAuthorityYear="1117" box="[633,752,967,990]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belgica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F38821DFDE0FC4BFD7826B3" box="[633,752,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">M. belgica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is represented by a poorly preserved distal rostral fragment and we assign a second specimen, MAUL 917/1, to this taxon, because both specimens have dorsally arranged internal canals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A576F38821DFECBFBC5FE4C210D" box="[338,452,1097,1120]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[159,226,1672,1693]" captionTargetBox="[165,779,192,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-292@19.[161,779,188,1654]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A–E, Cross-sections of fossil istiophorids. †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen. et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250): A, cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum; B, crosssection at 92 mm measured from its proximal end; C, crosssection at 139 mm measured from its proximal end; D, crosssection at 200mm measured from its proximal end; E, crosssection at 260 mm measured from its proximal end, F, †Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), cross-section at 0.25 L distance. G, †Makaira panamense (USNM 481933), cross-section approximately at 0.5L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation state). H, I, N, †Makaira belgica, MAUL 917/1; H, cross-section at 0.5L and I, 0.25 L distance; IRSNB P117; N, cross-section at 0.25 L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation). J, K, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344) at J, 0.5 L and K, 0.25 L; L, M, extant I. platypterus at L, 0.5L and M, 0.25 L; O, †Xiphiorhynchus solidus (IRSNB P643), cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum. Dashed lines show reconstruction of missing sections. The black arrow in I, shows the dorsal placement of the internal canals. In J, K, the arrows show the ventral external canal in cross-section at 0.5 L and 0.25L distance. Scale bars = 1 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
), representing an autapomorphic trait for this species. Specimen MAUL 917/1 has internal canals in a dorsal position at 0.25
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F38821DFDECFB06FD0D21CC" box="[629,645,1162,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">L</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A576F38821DFD01FB06FC8D21CC" box="[664,773,1162,1185]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[159,226,1672,1693]" captionTargetBox="[165,779,192,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-292@19.[161,779,188,1654]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A–E, Cross-sections of fossil istiophorids. †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen. et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250): A, cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum; B, crosssection at 92 mm measured from its proximal end; C, crosssection at 139 mm measured from its proximal end; D, crosssection at 200mm measured from its proximal end; E, crosssection at 260 mm measured from its proximal end, F, †Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), cross-section at 0.25 L distance. G, †Makaira panamense (USNM 481933), cross-section approximately at 0.5L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation state). H, I, N, †Makaira belgica, MAUL 917/1; H, cross-section at 0.5L and I, 0.25 L distance; IRSNB P117; N, cross-section at 0.25 L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation). J, K, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344) at J, 0.5 L and K, 0.25 L; L, M, extant I. platypterus at L, 0.5L and M, 0.25 L; O, †Xiphiorhynchus solidus (IRSNB P643), cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum. Dashed lines show reconstruction of missing sections. The black arrow in I, shows the dorsal placement of the internal canals. In J, K, the arrows show the ventral external canal in cross-section at 0.5 L and 0.25L distance. Scale bars = 1 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B236F38821DFF67FB26FE6221AC" author="Carnevale, G. & Sorbini, C. & Landini, W. & Varola, A." box="[254,490,1194,1217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="63 - 75" refId="ref24342" refString="Carnevale, G., Sorbini, C., Landini, W. & Varola, A. 2002. Makaira cf. M. nigricans Lacepede, 1802 (Teleostei: Perciformes: Istiophoridae) from the Pietra Leccese, late Miocene, Apulia, southern Italy. Palaeontographia Italica, 88, 63 - 75." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Carnevale
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F38821DFEEDFB26FE2E21AC" box="[372,422,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is consistent with what is seen in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D888706F38821DFE1AFB47FE68218F" box="[387,480,1227,1250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F38821DFD82FB47FD1B218F" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB P" baseAuthorityYear="1117" box="[539,659,1227,1250]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Makaira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belgica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F38821DFD82FB47FD1B218F" box="[539,659,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">M. belgica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A576F38821DFD3EFB47FD75218F" box="[679,765,1227,1250]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[159,226,1672,1693]" captionTargetBox="[165,779,192,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-292@19.[161,779,188,1654]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A–E, Cross-sections of fossil istiophorids. †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen. et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250): A, cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum; B, crosssection at 92 mm measured from its proximal end; C, crosssection at 139 mm measured from its proximal end; D, crosssection at 200mm measured from its proximal end; E, crosssection at 260 mm measured from its proximal end, F, †Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), cross-section at 0.25 L distance. G, †Makaira panamense (USNM 481933), cross-section approximately at 0.5L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation state). H, I, N, †Makaira belgica, MAUL 917/1; H, cross-section at 0.5L and I, 0.25 L distance; IRSNB P117; N, cross-section at 0.25 L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation). J, K, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344) at J, 0.5 L and K, 0.25 L; L, M, extant I. platypterus at L, 0.5L and M, 0.25 L; O, †Xiphiorhynchus solidus (IRSNB P643), cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum. Dashed lines show reconstruction of missing sections. The black arrow in I, shows the dorsal placement of the internal canals. In J, K, the arrows show the ventral external canal in cross-section at 0.5 L and 0.25L distance. Scale bars = 1 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9N</figureCitation>
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). Specimen MAUL 917/1 additionally has distinctive ratios for D2/
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<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F38821DFEAAFA80FEF5204E" box="[307,381,1292,1315]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">VSPM</collectionCode>
|
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and W2/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F38821DFE7FFA80FDB9204E" box="[486,561,1292,1315]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">VSPM</collectionCode>
|
||
. These out-of-range values are interpreted as short
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE176F38821DFD9FFAA0FDC7202E" box="[518,591,1324,1347]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">VSPM</collectionCode>
|
||
that covers less than 50% of the rostrum length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |