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<document id="E23F28F75A2C59389DB4D40633BA1B26" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7662bafe-daf1-4cf8-a7f3-109272465b0e" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171279" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459720046269" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Steven &amp; Fend, V." docDate="2005" docId="039F87926D01F143FE8EFD5AA689F964" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00969.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 969" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Eclipidrilus pacificus Steven &amp; Fend, 2005, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFA6FFEA6D03F153FF86FFEBA533FFCA" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Eclipidrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbriculidae), with description of a new species from western North America" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698208984268" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="50A849D660B0A5155C13DDE4C5EC2BD5">A review of the genus Eclipidrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbriculidae), with description of a new species from western North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="94DC420503C568F5D226B7123170B807">Steven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="12A71B205D0ADE5CFE4C0F5A8C785ECD">Fend, V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CD2C39937DA39BDE65C55FDCFA47B484">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0804EC00E11B85BB0B1E84FAB6717599">969</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039F87926D01F143FE8EFD5AA689F964" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6266040" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6266040" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87926D01F143FE8EFD5AA689F964" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87926D01F143FE8EFD5AA689F964" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph id="8B8936846D01F151FE8EFD5AA63CFD01" blockId="2.[264,783,633,715]" box="[264,783,689,715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0C181E86D01F151FE8EFD5AA63CFD01" bold="true" box="[264,783,689,715]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D01F151FE8EFD5AA63CFD01" bold="true" box="[264,783,689,715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D01F151FE8EFD5AA739FD01" box="[264,522,689,715]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D01F151FE8EFD5AA739FD01" bold="true" box="[264,522,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eclipidrilus pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157ED6D01F151FD94FD5AA767FD01" box="[530,596,689,715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D01F151FDE5FD5AA635FD01" box="[611,774,689,715]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStart-9="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="3.[264,367,1783,1807]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionStartId-2="6.[264,367,1641,1665]" captionStartId-3="7.[264,367,1704,1728]" captionStartId-4="8.[264,368,1599,1623]" captionStartId-5="10.[264,367,1662,1686]" captionStartId-6="11.[264,367,1674,1698]" captionStartId-7="12.[264,368,1737,1761]" captionStartId-8="13.[264,368,1432,1456]" captionStartId-9="14.[264,367,1521,1545]" captionTargetBox-0="[297,1280,1120,1782]" captionTargetBox-1="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetBox-2="[269,1280,853,1574]" captionTargetBox-3="[415,1139,356,1703]" captionTargetBox-4="[285,1313,310,1453]" captionTargetBox-5="[347,1178,362,1501]" captionTargetBox-6="[300,1288,313,1642]" captionTargetBox-7="[268,1282,796,1716]" captionTargetBox-8="[265,1322,286,1423]" captionTargetBox-9="[268,1316,513,1496]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[287,1280,1109,1791]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[260,1319,805,1605]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[415,1158,345,1707]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[263,1322,301,1495]" captionTargetId-5="figure@10.[231,1290,330,1540]" captionTargetId-6="figure@11.[253,1312,312,1655]" captionTargetId-7="figure@12.[264,1323,784,1732]" captionTargetId-8="figure@13.[264,1323,283,1426]" captionTargetId-9="figure@14.[259,1318,508,1517]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionTargetPageId-6="11" captionTargetPageId-7="12" captionTargetPageId-8="13" captionTargetPageId-9="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Eclipidrilus pacificus, external characters (A – B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C, Variant 1, Tenmile Creek, Oregon). A—lateral view of anterior segments. B—ventral view. C—lateral view. Abbreviations: mp—male pore; sp—spermathecal pore. Roman numerals indicate segment number. Scale bar 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Reproductive segments of E. pacificus (A, typical specimen, Hoh River, Washington), (B, Variant 2, Knappa Slough, Columbia River). A—ventrolateral view, showing spermathecae and atrium (vasa deferentia and anterior funnels not shown), from a whole mount. B—ventral view (schematic) of a whole – mounted worm with three spermathecal pores, showing positions of spermathecae and atrium. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ad—atrial duct; mf—posterior male funnel; mp—male pore; ov—ovary; sa—spermathecal ampulla; sp—spermathecal pore; ss—sperm sac; te—testis. Scale bars 500 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Reproductive segments of E. pacificus, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington, reconstructed from transverse sections. A—male pore and atrial duct in X; arrows indicate lateral positions of midpoints of chaetal pairs. B—spermathecal pores and ducts in IX. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ag—accessory gland; mf—male funnel; sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bar 200 µm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Male ducts of typical E. pacificus from the Hoh River, Washington, from dissections. A—atrial ampulla. B—ectal half of atrial duct showing transition from cuboidal epithelial cells to fibrous lining of penial structure. C—ectal end of atrial duct with columnar epithelial cells, from a partially mature worm. D—penis with fibrous, extruded epithelial cells, from a mature worm. Abbreviations: ep—epithelium; lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­circular muscle. Scale bars 200 µm (A – B), 100 µm (C – D)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Spermathecae of E. pacificus, typical specimens: lateral views from sagittally dissected worms (A, Hoh River, Washington), (B ­ C, Calawah River, Washington), (D, South Naselle River, Washington). A—spermathecal ampulla extends posteriorly into XI. B—mature, unmated worm. C—partially mature worm. D—mated worm (sperm not shown). Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Spermathecae of E. pacificus variants; lateral views from sagittally dissected, mated worms (A, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon), (B, Variant 1, Middle Fork St. Maries River, Idaho), (C, Variant 1, Eugene, Oregon), (D, Variant 2, spring at Nestucca River, Oregon), (E – F, Variant 2, Karlson Island, Columbia River). D—arrangement of 3 spermathecae in IX and adjacent segments. E—anterior spermatheca of a 3 ­ spermatheca form. F—single, posterior spermatheca of a 1 ­ spermatheca form. Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Eclipidrilus pacificus, male pores; sagittal sections (A­B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C, Variant 2 from Karlson Island, Columbia River), (D, Variant 1 from Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—male pore and accessory glands. B—a partially protruded penis. Cpapilla and end of atrial duct, with accessory glands. D—papilla. Abbreviations: ag—accessory gland. Scale bars 100 µm." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Eclipidrilus pacificus, atrial ampullae (A­C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—sagittal section. B—transverse section; the four vasa deferentia are visible inside the transverse­circular muscle layer. C—sagittal section, detail of outer longitudinal and inner transverse­circular muscle layers. D—transverse section of atrial ampulla, showing outer longitudinal and thin, transverse­circular muscle layers. Abbreviations: lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­circular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Eclipidrilus pacificus, spermathecae, sagittal sections (A­B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C­D, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—spermathecal vestibule. Bspermathecal ampulla, with ectal part containing dark­staining sperm to right and ental part to the left. C—part of spermathecal vestibule and ectal end of duct. D—spermathecal ampulla (with sperm in ental part), and vestibule. Abbreviations: lm—longitudinal muscle; sv—spermathecal vestibule; tm—thickened section of transverse muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171280/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/171282/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/171283/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/171284/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/171285/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/171286/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/171287/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/171288/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/171289/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 1–10</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C650F6D01F151FE8EFD04A4E9FC1B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D01F151FE8EFD04A169FCC3" blockId="2.[264,1325,751,1897]" box="[264,1114,751,777]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="548D88266D01F151FE8EFD04A494FCC3" box="[264,423,751,777]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED27AE416D01F151FE34FD04A734FCC3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[434,519,751,777]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">USNM</collectionCode>
1073033. A whole mounted worm in Kleermount.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D01F151FEBEFCFCA1F4FC93" blockId="2.[264,1325,751,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="548D88266D01F151FEBEFCFCA4B2FCFB" box="[312,385,791,817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<collectionCode id="ED27AE416D01F151FEBEFCFCA4B2FCFB" box="[312,385,791,817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">TYPE</collectionCode>
</typeStatus>
LOCALITY: Washington: Jefferson Co.: pool in small spring next to the Hoh River,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FED0FCD4A4D5FC93" box="[342,486,831,857]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="47.816666">47º49’00”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FE74FCD4A7A7FC93" box="[498,660,831,857]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="-124.11278">124º06’46”W</geoCoordinate>
, in mud and macrophyte roots in shallow water.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D01F151FEBEFC8CA4E9FC1B" blockId="2.[264,1325,751,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="548D88266D01F151FEBEFC8CA4E9FC4B" box="[312,474,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
: From the
<typeStatus id="548D88266D01F151FDE7FC8CA7A0FC4B" box="[609,659,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
locality.
<collectionCode id="ED27AE416D01F151FC84FC8CA664FC4B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[770,855,871,897]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">USNM</collectionCode>
1073034–1073037: 2 sectioned worms (1 sagittal, 1 transverse), 1 whole mount, 2 dissected and slide mounted. Collected by S. Fend.
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FED7FC5CA4E4FC1B" box="[337,471,951,977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1999-04-29">29.IV.1999</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C650F6D01F150FEBEFC34A4A1FD57" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D01F151FEBEFC34A6CEFB23" blockId="2.[264,1325,751,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
OTHER MATERIAL:
<emphasis id="B942EA966D01F151FDD3FC34A600FC32" box="[597,819,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Typical specimens</emphasis>
: Washington: Clallam Co: muddy seep beside Road 29, Calawah River drainage,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FC81FBECA6A4FBEB" box="[775,919,1031,1057]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="47.958057">47º57’29”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FC20FBECA176FBEB" box="[934,1093,1031,1057]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="-124.24194">124°14'31&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FBD2FBECA1EAFBEB" box="[1108,1241,1031,1057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2004-04-26">26.IV.2004</date>
. 4 dissected. Jefferson Co: from the
<typeStatus id="548D88266D01F151FDF1FBC4A799FB83" box="[631,682,1071,1097]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FC9FFBC4A6ACFB83" box="[793,927,1071,1097]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1999-04-29">29.IV.1999</date>
. 1 whole mount, 1 longitudinally dissected.
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FE00FBBCA733FBBB" box="[390,512,1111,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2003-06-02">2.VI.2003</date>
. 4 whole mounts, 4 dissected; 2 partially mature, dissected. Small tributary to Clearwater River at Coppermine Bottom Camp,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FC6BFB94A14AFB53" box="[1005,1145,1151,1177]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="47.655834">47°39'21&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FB0FFB94A01BFB53" box="[1161,1320,1151,1177]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="-124.19945">124°11'58&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FE8EFB4CA4A2FB0B" box="[264,401,1191,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2004-06-25">25.VI.2004</date>
. 8 dissected. Pacific Co.: South Naselle River near Knappton,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FB1CFB4CA015FB0B" box="[1178,1318,1191,1217]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="46.293888">46°17'38&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FE8EFB24A494FB23" box="[264,423,1231,1257]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="-123.810005">123°48'36&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FE35FB24A70EFB23" box="[435,573,1231,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2004-06-25">25.VI.2004</date>
. 5 dissected. All collected by S. Fend.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D01F151FEBEFB1CA17EF903" blockId="2.[264,1325,751,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D01F151FEBEFB1CA496FADA" box="[312,421,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Variant 1</emphasis>
: Idaho: Latah Co.: Palouse River at Laird Park,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FC6FFB1CA149FADB" box="[1001,1146,1271,1297]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="46.943058">46º56’35”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FB01FB1CA01BFADB" box="[1159,1320,1271,1297]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="-116.64139">116º38’29”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FE8EFAF4A447FAF3" box="[264,372,1311,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2000-05-02">2.V.2000</date>
, collected by D. L. Gustafson. 1 dissected. Shoshone Co.: Middle Fork Saint Maries River near Two Bit Creek,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FD2CFAACA60FFAAB" box="[682,828,1351,1377]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="47.002224">47°00’08”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FCCCFAACA6DEFAAB" box="[842,1005,1351,1377]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="-116.174995">116°10’30”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FC7AFAACA1BDFAAB" box="[1020,1166,1351,1377]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2003-07-28">28.VII.2003</date>
, collected by D. L. Gustafson. 2 dissected. Oregon: Yamhill Co.: small spring west of Peavine Ridge, in mud and macrophyte roots, slow current,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FD7EFA7CA6B4FA7B" box="[760,903,1431,1457]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="45.238613">45º14’19”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FC13FA7CA173FA7B" box="[917,1088,1431,1457]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="-123.380554">123º 22’50”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FBCBFA7CA1F1FA7B" box="[1101,1218,1431,1457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2000-01-30">30.I.2000</date>
. 1 whole mount, 1 dissected, 2 sectioned (1 sagittal, 1 transverse).
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FC24FA54A12EFA13" box="[930,1053,1471,1497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2001-05-10">10.V.2001</date>
. 6 whole mounts. Lane Co.: small spring and stream beside Fox Hollow Rd., Eugene, in mud,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FB1EFA0CA01BF9CB" box="[1176,1320,1511,1537]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="44.01">44º00’36”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FE8EF9E4A499F9E3" box="[264,426,1551,1577]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="-123.08055">123º04’50”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FE31F9E4A718F9E3" box="[439,555,1551,1577]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2000-01-29">29.I.2000</date>
. 3 whole mounts.
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FC85F9E4A64EF9E3" box="[771,893,1551,1577]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2003-06-01">1.VI.2003</date>
. 4 dissected, 3 whole mounts, 2 sectioned (1 sagittal, 1 transverse). Spring at mouth of Tenmile Creek, in mud and macrophyte roots, shallow water with slow current,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FCC2F9B4A6E7F9B3" box="[836,980,1631,1657]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="44.225002">44º13’30”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D01F151FC63F9B4A1BBF9B3" box="[997,1160,1631,1657]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="-124.108055">124º06’29”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FB1EF9B4A03EF9B3" box="[1176,1293,1631,1657]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2000-01-30">30.I.2000</date>
. 2 whole mounts. Washington: Pierce Co.: Taylor Bay Inlet,
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FC58F96CA16BF96B" box="[990,1112,1671,1697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2003-09-09">9.IX.2003</date>
, collected by M. Allen. 3 dissected. Worms collected by S. Fend unless otherwise noted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D01F150FEBEF93CA1A7FE64" blockId="2.[264,1325,751,1897]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,590]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D01F151FEBEF93CA49BF93A" box="[312,424,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Variant 2</emphasis>
: Oregon: Clatsop Co.:
<collectingCountry id="F32176146D01F151FD40F93CA609F93B" box="[710,826,1751,1777]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Columbia</collectingCountry>
River estuary at Snag Island,
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FB29F93CA015F93B" box="[1199,1318,1751,1777]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1980-08">VIII.1980</date>
, collected by E.J. Clairain and C. Newling. 8 whole mounts, from the Royal Ontario Museum, No.1989­037, slides labeled 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 16, 17. Karlson Island (
<collectingCountry id="F32176146D01F151FB33F8CCA018F88B" box="[1205,1323,1831,1857]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Columbia</collectingCountry>
River estuary),
<date id="FF8810446D01F151FE38F8A4A775F8A3" box="[446,582,1871,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2002-06-28">28.VI.2002</date>
, collected by R. Draheim. 1 whole mount, 3 dissected, 2 sagittally sectioned. Knappa Slough at dock (
<collectingCountry id="F32176146D00F150FD76FEF7A656FEFC" box="[752,869,284,310]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Columbia</collectingCountry>
River estuary),
<date id="FF8810446D00F150FBACFEF7A182FEFC" box="[1066,1201,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2002-06-24">24.VI.2002</date>
, collected by R. Draheim. 5 dissected. Warren Slough (
<collectingCountry id="F32176146D00F150FCAFFEAFA6ADFE94" box="[809,926,324,350]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Columbia</collectingCountry>
River estuary),
<date id="FF8810446D00F150FBE2FEAFA1DFFE94" box="[1124,1260,324,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2002-06-28">28.VI.2002</date>
, collected by R. Draheim. 2 whole mounts, 1 dissected. Tillamook Co.: spring beside Nestucca River,
<quantity id="4CCE9B616D00F150FED0FE7FA4A1FE64" box="[342,402,404,430]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
upstream of Blaine,
<date id="FF8810446D00F150FD01FE7FA633FE64" box="[647,768,404,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003-06-04">4.VI.2003</date>
, collected by S. Fend. 1 dissected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D00F150FEBEFE57A49AFD84" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Partially mature, undetermined: Pacific Co.: small spring along the Naselle River,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D00F150FE8EFE0FA4A4FE34" box="[264,407,484,510]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="46.4">46º24’00”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250436D00F150FE2FFE0FA778FE34" box="[425,587,484,510]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-123.72833">123º43’42”W</geoCoordinate>
, in mud and macrophyte roots,
<date id="FF8810446D00F150FC5AFE0FA152FE34" box="[988,1121,484,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1999-04-30">30.IV.1999</date>
, collected by S. Fend. 1 dissected. Pierce Co.: Little Mashell Creek,
<date id="FF8810446D00F150FCF2FDE7A6CEFDEC" box="[884,1021,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2001-09-20">20.IX.2001</date>
, collected by M. Allen. 1 whole mount.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D00F150FE8EFD6FA4A1FD57" blockId="3.[264,1323,644,1070]" box="[264,402,644,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D00F150FE8EFD6FA4A1FD57" box="[264,402,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C650F6D00F15CFEBEFD47A1D6F9FC" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D00F150FEBEFD47A73EFD0F" blockId="3.[264,1323,644,1070]" box="[312,525,684,709]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D00F150FEBEFD47A73EFD0F" box="[312,525,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Typical specimens</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D00F150FEBEFD3FA46AFBE4" blockId="3.[264,1323,644,1070]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Length of preserved worms
<quantity id="4CCE9B616D00F150FD03FD3FA63BFD24" box="[645,776,724,750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="17.0">17–32 mm</quantity>
, 69–107 segments; width
<quantity id="4CCE9B616D00F150FBBAFD3FA1D4FD24" box="[1084,1255,724,750]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.66" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.52">0.52–0.80 mm</quantity>
in X, maximum width to
<quantity id="4CCE9B616D00F150FE6BFD17A76AFCDC" box="[493,601,764,790]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.82">0.82 mm</quantity>
. Secondary segmentation prominent in segments V–X, resulting in a narrow anterior ring in each segment; variable in posterior segments (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D00F150FB1CFCCFA1E8FCF4" box="[1178,1243,804,830]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[297,1280,1120,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[287,1280,1109,1791]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eclipidrilus pacificus, external characters (A – B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C, Variant 1, Tenmile Creek, Oregon). A—lateral view of anterior segments. B—ventral view. C—lateral view. Abbreviations: mp—male pore; sp—spermathecal pore. Roman numerals indicate segment number. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171280/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–B). Chaetae sigmoid, simple­pointed, with nodulus 29–38% of chaeta length from tip (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D00F150FB7FFCA7A42BFC44" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Chaeta length 125–170 µm in mid­body; slightly shorter in posterior segments, but proportions similar in anterior and posterior segments. Dorsal and ventral chaetae approximately equal in length; within each bundle, the outer (more lateral) chaeta slightly shorter than the inner. Prostomium rounded­conical, about
<quantity id="4CCE9B616D00F150FCFAFC07A6E9FBCC" box="[892,986,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long, width about equal to length.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF49660C6D00F150FE8EF91CA7FCF8A4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171280/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[297,1280,1120,1782]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D00F150FE8EF91CA7FCF8A4" blockId="3.[264,1323,1783,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D00F150FE8EF91CA4B9F8C5" bold="true" box="[264,394,1783,1807]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D00F150FE14F91CA744F8C4" box="[402,631,1783,1806]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D00F150FE14F91CA744F8C4" box="[402,631,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eclipidrilus pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, external characters (A
<emphasis id="B942EA966D00F150FCF7F91CA64DF8C4" box="[881,894,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C, Variant 1, Tenmile Creek, Oregon). A—lateral view of anterior segments. B—ventral view. C—lateral view. Abbreviations: mp—male pore; sp—spermathecal pore. Roman numerals indicate segment number. Scale bar 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D07F157FEBEFEF7A6B9FE1C" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Brain in I, not strongly lobed. Pharynx in II–IV; dorsal wall with columnar cells; ventral wall much thinner than dorsal anterior to IV (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D07F157FCC1FEAFA6BEFE94" box="[839,909,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B, cf.
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D07F157FC55FEAFA115FE94" box="[979,1062,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[264,368,645,669]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,283,633]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[264,1323,271,636]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. Head and pharynx of Eclipidrilus species; sagittal sections. A— E. pacificus, from Peavine Ridge, Oregon, showing the thin ventral wall of the pharynx. B— E. lacustris, from the Swan River, Montana; the pharynx is nearly as thick ventrally as dorsally." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171293/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
A). Pharyngeal glands in V–VII(VIII). Longitudinal muscle layer 20–35 µm thick in preclitellar segments; circular muscle layer 5–7 µm; both layers thinner in posterior segments. Epidermis 10–20 µm thick anterior to clitellum; to about 35 µm in clitellum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF49660C6D07F157FE8EF9DCA1B2F936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D07F157FE8EF9DCA1B2F936" blockId="4.[264,1323,1591,1788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D07F157FE8EF9DCA4BFF985" bold="true" box="[264,396,1591,1615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D07F157FE13F9D3A74FF985" box="[405,636,1592,1615]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D07F157FE13F9D3A74FF985" box="[405,636,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eclipidrilus pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A
<emphasis id="B942EA966D07F157FD27F9D3A79DF985" box="[673,686,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—cha­etal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I–V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C–E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D06F156FEBEFEF7A17EFD0C" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Dorsal blood vessel passes under the brain in I before dividing; the two forks pass around the buccal cavity and rejoin in V as a single ventral vessel. One pair of lateral, commissural blood vessels joins dorsal vessel in segments anterior to XII; each commissure strongly convoluted, and those in the first few segments usually enter the next segment before joining the ventral vessel (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D06F156FD48FE57A627FE1C" box="[718,788,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B). Commissures in X and XI loop into sperm and egg sacs. Dorsal vessel without lateral vessels between the clitellar segments and about the posterior 1/2 to 1/3 of the body. Beginning near mid­body or posteriorly, two pairs of short, blind lateral blood vessels usually branch off the dorsal vessel in each segment. Lateral vessels are longer, with up to 5–10 short branches in the posterior 1/3 to 1/4 of some specimens (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D06F156FD82FD6FA77CFD54" box="[516,591,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D), but remain short and inconspicuous in others (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D06F156FB3AFD6FA034FD54" box="[1212,1287,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C). Perivisceral sinus begins in VII; chloragogen cells begin in VII or VIII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D06F156FEBEFD3FA474FBCC" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">First nephridia usually paired on 6/7, the next on 12/13 or posterior; nephridia in few to most posterior segments, paired or on one side only. Each nephridium has a small anteseptal funnel, a granular postseptal thickening, and an irregular, posterior duct 18–20 µm in diameter. The posterior duct branches, with a short branch to the nephropore anterior to ventral chaetae. Another branch extends along the ventral blood vessel as a convoluted mass, entering posterior and/or anterior segments; posterior to XIII it appears continuous with ducts from other nephridia across multiple segments. Nephropores simple, inconspicuous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D06F156FEBEFBFFA496FB04" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Testes paired in IX and X, smaller in IX. Ovaries paired in XI; usually elongate, extending to 11/12 or into XII. Sperm sacs paired, extending back as far as XXII; egg sacs may extend 1 or 2 segments beyond sperm sacs. Female funnels up to 120 µm tall, with the posterior side much longer than the anterior; female pore intersegmental, on 11/12. Clitellum IX–XIII.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D06F156FEBEFB37A4EEF994" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Single male pore midventral (beneath the ventral nerve cord) in X, behind the ventral chaetae (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D06F156FEF5FAEFA4F0FAD4" box="[371,451,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[297,1280,1120,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[287,1280,1109,1791]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eclipidrilus pacificus, external characters (A – B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C, Variant 1, Tenmile Creek, Oregon). A—lateral view of anterior segments. B—ventral view. C—lateral view. Abbreviations: mp—male pore; sp—spermathecal pore. Roman numerals indicate segment number. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171280/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A–B, 3A, 4A). A short, cylindrical penis is contained within a shallow concavity, within a ring of thickened epidermis 170–340 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D06F156FBF6FAC7A1F1FA8C" box="[1136,1218,1324,1350]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[415,1139,356,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[415,1158,345,1707]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Reproductive segments of E. pacificus, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington, reconstructed from transverse sections. A—male pore and atrial duct in X; arrows indicate lateral positions of midpoints of chaetal pairs. B—spermathecal pores and ducts in IX. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ag—accessory gland; mf—male funnel; sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
A, 5B,D, 8A–B). Epidermal cells within the concavity interspersed with narrow ducts from large (160–300 µm tall), petiolate accessory glands; gland mass to 550 µm wide (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D06F156FB05FA97A1E7FA5C" box="[1155,1236,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[415,1139,356,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[415,1158,345,1707]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Reproductive segments of E. pacificus, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington, reconstructed from transverse sections. A—male pore and atrial duct in X; arrows indicate lateral positions of midpoints of chaetal pairs. B—spermathecal pores and ducts in IX. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ag—accessory gland; mf—male funnel; sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
A, 8A). Penis variably extended, 20–160 µm long and 40–50 µm wide, formed by extrusion of the atrial duct epithelium. Epithelial cells in the most ectal part of the duct have basal nuclei and fibrous, ectally­directed extensions that appear continuous with the penis (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D06F156FB3DFA1FA03DF9C4" box="[1211,1294,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[415,1139,356,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[415,1158,345,1707]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Reproductive segments of E. pacificus, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington, reconstructed from transverse sections. A—male pore and atrial duct in X; arrows indicate lateral positions of midpoints of chaetal pairs. B—spermathecal pores and ducts in IX. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ag—accessory gland; mf—male funnel; sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
A, 5D, 8B). Lumen at ectal end appears slightly cuticular, and may appear irregular or sinuous (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D06F156FEC7F9AFA4B6F994" box="[321,389,1604,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1599,1623]" captionTargetBox="[285,1313,310,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[263,1322,301,1495]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male ducts of typical E. pacificus from the Hoh River, Washington, from dissections. A—atrial ampulla. B—ectal half of atrial duct showing transition from cuboidal epithelial cells to fibrous lining of penial structure. C—ectal end of atrial duct with columnar epithelial cells, from a partially mature worm. D—penis with fibrous, extruded epithelial cells, from a mature worm. Abbreviations: ep—epithelium; lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­circular muscle. Scale bars 200 µm (A – B), 100 µm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171284/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D, 8B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D06F156FEBEF987A018F884" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Atrium extending as far as XIX, with distinct ectal duct and ental ampulla (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D06F156FB38F987A037F94C" box="[1214,1284,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[269,1280,853,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1319,805,1605]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive segments of E. pacificus (A, typical specimen, Hoh River, Washington), (B, Variant 2, Knappa Slough, Columbia River). A—ventrolateral view, showing spermathecae and atrium (vasa deferentia and anterior funnels not shown), from a whole mount. B—ventral view (schematic) of a whole – mounted worm with three spermathecal pores, showing positions of spermathecae and atrium. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ad—atrial duct; mf—posterior male funnel; mp—male pore; ov—ovary; sa—spermathecal ampulla; sp—spermathecal pore; ss—sperm sac; te—testis. Scale bars 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171282/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). Atrial duct 600–2300 (1530) µm long. The ectal half is a 60–100 µm diameter tube of loose, mostly longitudinal muscle, about 20 µm thick, with an inner epithelium that changes from columnar to elongate­fibrous in about the ectal 200 µm, near the male pore (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D06F156FE97F8E7A456F8EC" box="[273,357,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[415,1139,356,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[415,1158,345,1707]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Reproductive segments of E. pacificus, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington, reconstructed from transverse sections. A—male pore and atrial duct in X; arrows indicate lateral positions of midpoints of chaetal pairs. B—spermathecal pores and ducts in IX. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ag—accessory gland; mf—male funnel; sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
A, 5B). Ental portion of duct about 40 µm in diameter with a thinner (4–6 µm) muscle layer that is mostly longitudinal, with a very thin (ca. 1 µm) inner circular layer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D05F155FE8EFEF7A72BFD24" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Ampulla nearly cylindrical, but tapered ectally; length 520–1900 (890) µm, maximum diameter of muscle tube 130–220 (180) µm. Ampulla with an outer layer of longitudinal muscle 22–50 (38) µm thick, an inner transverse­circular layer 10–25 (15) µm thick, and epithelium 8–19 µm thick (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D05F155FDD1FE7FA799FE64" box="[599,682,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1599,1623]" captionTargetBox="[285,1313,310,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[263,1322,301,1495]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male ducts of typical E. pacificus from the Hoh River, Washington, from dissections. A—atrial ampulla. B—ectal half of atrial duct showing transition from cuboidal epithelial cells to fibrous lining of penial structure. C—ectal end of atrial duct with columnar epithelial cells, from a partially mature worm. D—penis with fibrous, extruded epithelial cells, from a mature worm. Abbreviations: ep—epithelium; lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­circular muscle. Scale bars 200 µm (A – B), 100 µm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171284/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, 9A–C). Fibers in the longitudinal muscle layer in radially arranged lamellae (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D05F155FDCCFE57A7A2FE1C" box="[586,657,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1432,1456]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,286,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,283,1426]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Eclipidrilus pacificus, atrial ampullae (A­C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—sagittal section. B—transverse section; the four vasa deferentia are visible inside the transverse­circular muscle layer. C—sagittal section, detail of outer longitudinal and inner transverse­circular muscle layers. D—transverse section of atrial ampulla, showing outer longitudinal and thin, transverse­circular muscle layers. Abbreviations: lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­circular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171288/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B), parallel to the long axis of the ampulla, slightly sinuate, but not arranged in opposing layers. The inner, transverse muscle layer has parallel fibers arranged orthogonally to the long axis of the atrium (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D05F155FC3BFDE7A131FDEC" box="[957,1026,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1432,1456]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,286,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,283,1426]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Eclipidrilus pacificus, atrial ampullae (A­C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—sagittal section. B—transverse section; the four vasa deferentia are visible inside the transverse­circular muscle layer. C—sagittal section, detail of outer longitudinal and inner transverse­circular muscle layers. D—transverse section of atrial ampulla, showing outer longitudinal and thin, transverse­circular muscle layers. Abbreviations: lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­circular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171288/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A–C). Lumen of ampulla variable, 12–100 (42) µm wide, or 0.08–0.61 (0.27) times atrium diameter. The atrial ampulla is covered with a single layer of small cells (possibly nuclei of muscle cells) and a layer of densely packed, multicellular prostate glands (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D05F155FC16FD6FA6E5FD54" box="[912,982,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1599,1623]" captionTargetBox="[285,1313,310,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[263,1322,301,1495]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male ducts of typical E. pacificus from the Hoh River, Washington, from dissections. A—atrial ampulla. B—ectal half of atrial duct showing transition from cuboidal epithelial cells to fibrous lining of penial structure. C—ectal end of atrial duct with columnar epithelial cells, from a partially mature worm. D—penis with fibrous, extruded epithelial cells, from a mature worm. Abbreviations: ep—epithelium; lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­circular muscle. Scale bars 200 µm (A – B), 100 µm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171284/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A, 9A–C). Prostatic cells are narrowly petiolate, usually occurring in small bundles of up to about 10 cells; individual bundles 40–90 µm tall.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF49660C6D05F155FE8EF982A74BF89B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171282/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[269,1280,853,1574]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D05F155FE8EF982A74BF89B" blockId="6.[264,1323,1641,1873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D05F155FE8EF982A4B0F94B" bold="true" box="[264,387,1641,1665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Reproductive segments of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D05F155FD29F981A61DF94B" box="[687,814,1642,1665]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D05F155FD29F981A61DF94B" box="[687,814,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A, typical specimen, Hoh River, Washington), (B, Variant 2, Knappa Slough, Columbia River). A—ventrolateral view, showing spermathecae and atrium (vasa deferentia and anterior funnels not shown), from a whole mount. B—ventral view (schematic) of a whole–mounted worm with three spermathecal pores, showing positions of spermathecae and atrium. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ad—atrial duct; mf—posterior male funnel; mp—male pore; ov—ovary; sa—spermathecal ampulla; sp—spermathecal pore; ss—sperm sac; te—testis. Scale bars 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF49660C6D04F154FE8EF943A65FF880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171283/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[415,1139,356,1703]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D04F154FE8EF943A65FF880" blockId="7.[264,1323,1704,1866]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D04F154FE8EF943A4BEF90A" bold="true" box="[264,397,1704,1728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Reproductive segments of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D04F154FD38F943A673F975" box="[702,832,1704,1727]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D04F154FD38F943A673F975" box="[702,832,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington, reconstructed from transverse sections. A—male pore and atrial duct in X; arrows indicate lateral positions of midpoints of chaetal pairs. B—spermathecal pores and ducts in IX. Abbreviations: ad—atrial duct; ag—accessory gland; mf—male funnel; sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermath­ecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bar 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF49660C6D0BF15BFE8EF9D4A66CF8CE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171284/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[285,1313,310,1453]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0BF15BFE8EF9D4A66CF8CE" blockId="8.[264,1323,1599,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0BF15BFE8EF9D4A4B8F99D" bold="true" box="[264,395,1599,1623]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Male ducts of typical
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D0BF15BFDF9F9ABA7CEF99D" box="[639,765,1600,1623]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0BF15BFDF9F9ABA7CEF99D" box="[639,765,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Hoh River, Washington, from dissections. A—atrial ampulla. B—ectal half of atrial duct showing transition from cuboidal epithelial cells to fibrous lining of penial structure. C—ectal end of atrial duct with columnar epithelial cells, from a partially mature worm. D—penis with fibrous, extruded epithelial cells, from a mature worm. Abbreviations: ep—epithelium; lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­cir­cular muscle. Scale bars 200 µm (A–B), 100 µm (C–D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0AF15AFEBEFEF7A606FD84" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,1670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Male funnels paired on
<date id="FF8810446D0AF15AFDDBFEF7A624FEFC" box="[605,791,284,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1911-09-10" valueMax="1911-09-10" valueMin="1911-09-10">9/10 and 10/11</date>
; the anterior pair smaller than the posterior (median height 100 µm vs. 160); the posterior pair usually extends back into XI within the sperm sac. Both anterior and posterior male funnels usually functional, with associated sperm. Both anterior and posterior vasa deferentia narrow (8–16 µm diameter). All four vasa deferentia join the atrial duct, running outside the muscle layer until the ampulla, where they gradually pass through the muscle layers (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFC0CFE0FA6E2FE34" box="[906,977,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1432,1456]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,286,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,283,1426]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Eclipidrilus pacificus, atrial ampullae (A­C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—sagittal section. B—transverse section; the four vasa deferentia are visible inside the transverse­circular muscle layer. C—sagittal section, detail of outer longitudinal and inner transverse­circular muscle layers. D—transverse section of atrial ampulla, showing outer longitudinal and thin, transverse­circular muscle layers. Abbreviations: lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­circular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171288/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B) and eventually the epithelium, and enter the ental part of the lumen. Posterior vasa deferentia enter X directly, without penetrating 10/11 and forming a loop in XI.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0AF15AFEBEFDB7A020FAD4" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,1670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Spermathecae paired in IX; pores on ventral chaetal lines, near the anterior septum (8/ 9), usually within the narrow, secondary annulus (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFCE0FD6FA69AFD54" box="[870,937,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[297,1280,1120,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[287,1280,1109,1791]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eclipidrilus pacificus, external characters (A – B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C, Variant 1, Tenmile Creek, Oregon). A—lateral view of anterior segments. B—ventral view. C—lateral view. Abbreviations: mp—male pore; sp—spermathecal pore. Roman numerals indicate segment number. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171280/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–B). Pores usually prominent, sometimes on low mounds. Each spermatheca has a narrow ectal duct 230–720 (370) µm long, and a distinct ental ampulla 420–1330 (680) µm long by 130–410 µm wide (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFB7DFD3FA424FCDC" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1662,1686]" captionTargetBox="[347,1178,362,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[231,1290,330,1540]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spermathecae of E. pacificus, typical specimens: lateral views from sagittally dissected worms (A, Hoh River, Washington), (B ­ C, Calawah River, Washington), (D, South Naselle River, Washington). A—spermathecal ampulla extends posteriorly into XI. B—mature, unmated worm. C—partially mature worm. D—mated worm (sperm not shown). Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171285/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A,D). The ectal end of the duct widens into a narrow vestibule 145–310 (215) µm deep by 64–96 (77) µm wide, with a mostly longitudinal muscle layer surrounding a very thin transverse­circular layer and columnar lining cells with basal nuclei (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFBE1FCA7A18DFCAC" box="[1127,1214,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1662,1686]" captionTargetBox="[347,1178,362,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[231,1290,330,1540]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spermathecae of E. pacificus, typical specimens: lateral views from sagittally dissected worms (A, Hoh River, Washington), (B ­ C, Calawah River, Washington), (D, South Naselle River, Washington). A—spermathecal ampulla extends posteriorly into XI. B—mature, unmated worm. C—partially mature worm. D—mated worm (sperm not shown). Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171285/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
A, 10A). Entally, the duct narrows abruptly, forming a short, convoluted section inside the muscle tube (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFECAFC77A4A0FC7C" box="[332,403,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1662,1686]" captionTargetBox="[347,1178,362,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[231,1290,330,1540]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spermathecae of E. pacificus, typical specimens: lateral views from sagittally dissected worms (A, Hoh River, Washington), (B ­ C, Calawah River, Washington), (D, South Naselle River, Washington). A—spermathecal ampulla extends posteriorly into XI. B—mature, unmated worm. C—partially mature worm. D—mated worm (sperm not shown). Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171285/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A). A short band of thickened, transverse­circular muscle surrounds and constricts the beginning of this section (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFD45FC2FA629FC14" box="[707,794,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[264,367,1521,1545]" captionTargetBox="[268,1316,513,1496]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[259,1318,508,1517]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Eclipidrilus pacificus, spermathecae, sagittal sections (A­B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C­D, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—spermathecal vestibule. Bspermathecal ampulla, with ectal part containing dark­staining sperm to right and ental part to the left. C—part of spermathecal vestibule and ectal end of duct. D—spermathecal ampulla (with sperm in ental part), and vestibule. Abbreviations: lm—longitudinal muscle; sv—spermathecal vestibule; tm—thickened section of transverse muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171289/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A). Near the midpoint, the duct widens; the ental half is 40–50 µm in diameter; a thin (3–4 µm), muscle layer surrounds a columnar epithelium. Spermathecal ampullae in IX or IX and X, covered by a very thin muscle layer. Ampullar epithelium thin (4–5µm) in about the ectal 1/5, but entally becomes thicker (18– 42 µm) with columnar, granular cells having basal nuclei (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFC65FB8FA10AFBB4" box="[995,1081,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1662,1686]" captionTargetBox="[347,1178,362,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[231,1290,330,1540]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spermathecae of E. pacificus, typical specimens: lateral views from sagittally dissected worms (A, Hoh River, Washington), (B ­ C, Calawah River, Washington), (D, South Naselle River, Washington). A—spermathecal ampulla extends posteriorly into XI. B—mature, unmated worm. C—partially mature worm. D—mated worm (sperm not shown). Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171285/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
A, 10B). Cells may appear increasingly vacuolated, with very small nuclei, toward ental end; apparent sperm cells are visible within the vacuoles in some specimens. In most specimens the sperm is strongly concentrated near the duct (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFD3EFB37A63CFB3C" box="[696,783,1244,1270]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[264,367,1521,1545]" captionTargetBox="[268,1316,513,1496]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[259,1318,508,1517]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Eclipidrilus pacificus, spermathecae, sagittal sections (A­B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C­D, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—spermathecal vestibule. Bspermathecal ampulla, with ectal part containing dark­staining sperm to right and ental part to the left. C—part of spermathecal vestibule and ectal end of duct. D—spermathecal ampulla (with sperm in ental part), and vestibule. Abbreviations: lm—longitudinal muscle; sv—spermathecal vestibule; tm—thickened section of transverse muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171289/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B). The ental part of the ampulla usually contains only scattered sperm cells, and may contain an unknown, eosin­staining substance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0AF15AFEBEFAC7A48DF94C" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,1670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
In partially mature worms the male pore is on a pad of slightly thickened epidermis, with well­developed accessory glands. Ectal end of duct with columnar (not fibrous) lining cells, protruding slightly as a small papilla (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFC80FA97A67FFA5C" box="[774,844,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1599,1623]" captionTargetBox="[285,1313,310,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[263,1322,301,1495]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male ducts of typical E. pacificus from the Hoh River, Washington, from dissections. A—atrial ampulla. B—ectal half of atrial duct showing transition from cuboidal epithelial cells to fibrous lining of penial structure. C—ectal end of atrial duct with columnar epithelial cells, from a partially mature worm. D—penis with fibrous, extruded epithelial cells, from a mature worm. Abbreviations: ep—epithelium; lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­circular muscle. Scale bars 200 µm (A – B), 100 µm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171284/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C), similar to mature
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D0AF15AFBC3FA97A1C1FA5C" authority="Va" authorityName="Va" box="[1093,1266,1404,1430]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0AF15AFBC3FA97A1FCFA5F" box="[1093,1231,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. pacificus</emphasis>
Va
</taxonomicName>
ri a nt 1 (see below). Atrial duct and ampulla weakly differentiated; muscle layers thin (less than 10 µm total), but inner epithelium of ampulla distinct, 5–15 µm thick. Atrial ampulla and duct covered by a dense layer of cells, which are not in clusters. Spermathecal ampulla not strongly differentiated from duct in early stages (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFCDFF9F7A691F9FC" box="[857,930,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1662,1686]" captionTargetBox="[347,1178,362,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[231,1290,330,1540]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spermathecae of E. pacificus, typical specimens: lateral views from sagittally dissected worms (A, Hoh River, Washington), (B ­ C, Calawah River, Washington), (D, South Naselle River, Washington). A—spermathecal ampulla extends posteriorly into XI. B—mature, unmated worm. C—partially mature worm. D—mated worm (sperm not shown). Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171285/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C), but becomes distinct prior to mating (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFEEAF9AFA484F994" box="[364,439,1604,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1662,1686]" captionTargetBox="[347,1178,362,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[231,1290,330,1540]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spermathecae of E. pacificus, typical specimens: lateral views from sagittally dissected worms (A, Hoh River, Washington), (B ­ C, Calawah River, Washington), (D, South Naselle River, Washington). A—spermathecal ampulla extends posteriorly into XI. B—mature, unmated worm. C—partially mature worm. D—mated worm (sperm not shown). Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171285/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B). Ectal vestibule of spermatheca distinct, even at an early development stage (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0AF15AFED2F987A4A8F94C" box="[340,411,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1662,1686]" captionTargetBox="[347,1178,362,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[231,1290,330,1540]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spermathecae of E. pacificus, typical specimens: lateral views from sagittally dissected worms (A, Hoh River, Washington), (B ­ C, Calawah River, Washington), (D, South Naselle River, Washington). A—spermathecal ampulla extends posteriorly into XI. B—mature, unmated worm. C—partially mature worm. D—mated worm (sperm not shown). Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171285/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF49660C6D09F159FE8EF995A1E6F8EA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171285/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[347,1178,362,1501]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D09F159FE8EF995A1E6F8EA" blockId="10.[264,1323,1662,1824]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D09F159FE8EF995A4BDF95C" bold="true" box="[264,398,1662,1686]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Spermathecae of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D09F159FDDCF994A7E8F95C" box="[602,731,1663,1686]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D09F159FDDCF994A7E8F95C" box="[602,731,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, typical specimens: lateral views from sagittally dissected worms (A, Hoh River, Washington), (B
<emphasis id="B942EA966D09F159FD7BF949A635F973" box="[765,774,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">­</emphasis>
C, Calawah River, Washington), (D, South Naselle River, Washington). A—spermathecal ampulla extends posteriorly into XI. B—mature, unmated worm. C—partially mature worm. D—mated worm (sperm not shown). Abbreviations: sa—sper­mathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF49660C6D08F158FE8EF961A75BF8AB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171286/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[300,1288,313,1642]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D08F158FE8EF961A75BF8AB" blockId="11.[264,1323,1674,1889]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D08F158FE8EF961A4B6F968" bold="true" box="[264,389,1674,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. Spermathecae of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D08F158FDD4F961A7E1F96B" box="[594,722,1674,1697]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D08F158FDD4F961A7E1F96B" box="[594,722,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
variants; lateral views from sagittally dissected, mated worms (A, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon), (B, Variant 1, Middle Fork St. Maries River, Idaho), (C, Variant 1, Eugene, Oregon), (D, Variant 2, spring at Nestucca River, Oregon), (E–F, Variant 2, Karlson Island, Columbia River). D—arrangement of 3 spermathecae in IX and adjacent segments. E—anterior spermatheca of a 3­spermatheca form. F—single, posterior spermatheca of a 1­spermatheca form. Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathe­cal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0FF15FFEBEFEF7A497FEFF" blockId="12.[264,1324,284,710]" box="[312,420,284,309]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0FF15FFEBEFEF7A497FEFF" box="[312,420,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Variant 1</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0FF15FFEBEFEAFA156FE34" blockId="12.[264,1324,284,710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Length of preserved worms
<quantity id="4CCE9B616D0FF15FFD0CFEAFA63DFE94" box="[650,782,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="12.0">12–26 mm</quantity>
, 53–86 segments; width
<quantity id="4CCE9B616D0FF15FFBBEFEAFA1D6FE94" box="[1080,1253,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.515" valueMax="0.65" valueMin="0.38">0.38–0.65 mm</quantity>
in X. Chaeta length in clitellar region 101–136 µm, nodulus 28–36 % of chaeta length from tip. Blood vessels sometimes as described for typical
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D0FF15FFCD2FE7FA6D3FE67" box="[852,992,404,429]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0FF15FFCD2FE7FA6D3FE67" box="[852,992,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in many specimens the lateral blood vessels of posterior segments are very short and appear unbranched; in some specimens posterior lateral vessels are difficult to see, and may be absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0FF15FFEBEFDE7A476FD0C" blockId="12.[264,1324,284,710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Male pore less prominent than in typical
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D0FF15FFC9FFDE7A697FDEF" box="[793,932,524,549]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0FF15FFC9FFDE7A697FDEF" box="[793,932,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0FF15FFC32FDE7A6C5FDEC" box="[948,1014,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[297,1280,1120,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[287,1280,1109,1791]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eclipidrilus pacificus, external characters (A – B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C, Variant 1, Tenmile Creek, Oregon). A—lateral view of anterior segments. B—ventral view. C—lateral view. Abbreviations: mp—male pore; sp—spermathecal pore. Roman numerals indicate segment number. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171280/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C); usually surrounded by a concave pad of slightly thickened epidermis 75–180 µm wide, within a patch of non­clitellar epidermis. Atrial duct terminates on a small, conical papilla, which appears to be a simple continuation of the duct (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0FF15FFD0FFD6FA7FCFD54" box="[649,719,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[268,1282,796,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,784,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Eclipidrilus pacificus, male pores; sagittal sections (A­B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C, Variant 2 from Karlson Island, Columbia River), (D, Variant 1 from Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—male pore and accessory glands. B—a partially protruded penis. Cpapilla and end of atrial duct, with accessory glands. D—papilla. Abbreviations: ag—accessory gland. Scale bars 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171287/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
D), without extremely elongated or extruded lining cells.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF49660C6D0FF15FFE8EF922A72EF8A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171287/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[268,1282,796,1716]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0FF15FFE8EF922A72EF8A1" blockId="12.[264,1323,1737,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0FF15FFE8EF922A4BCF92B" bold="true" box="[264,399,1737,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D0FF15FFE1DF921A7B6F92B" box="[411,645,1738,1761]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0FF15FFE1DF921A7B6F92B" box="[411,645,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eclipidrilus pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male pores; sagittal sections (A­B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C, Variant 2 from Karlson Island, Columbia River), (D, Variant 1 from Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—male pore and accessory glands. B—a partially protruded penis. Cpapilla and end of atrial duct, with accessory glands. D—papilla. Abbreviations: ag—accessory gland. Scale bars 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF49660C6D0EF15EFE8EFA73A021F997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171288/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[265,1322,286,1423]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0EF15EFE8EFA73A021F997" blockId="13.[264,1323,1432,1629]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0EF15EFE8EFA73A4BFFA7A" bold="true" box="[264,396,1432,1456]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D0EF15EFE12FA72A749FA7A" box="[404,634,1433,1456]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0EF15EFE12FA72A749FA7A" box="[404,634,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eclipidrilus pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, atrial ampullae (A­C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—sagittal section. B—transverse section; the four vasa deferentia are visible inside the transverse­circular muscle layer. C—sagittal section, detail of outer longitudinal and inner transverse­circular muscle layers. D—transverse section of atrial ampulla, showing outer longitudinal and thin, transverse­circular muscle layers. Abbreviations: lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­circular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0EF15DFEBEF97AA6ECFE1C" blockId="13.[264,1323,1681,1867]" lastBlockId="14.[264,1325,284,470]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Atrium usually extending to XII–XVI, but sometimes entirely in X. Atrial duct 330– 1870 (585) µm long; ampulla length 300–1480 (455) µm, diameter 84–194 (112) µm. Musculature of atrial ampulla variable, but usually much thinner than in typical specimens: longitudinal muscle 6–22 (8) µm thick; inner, transverse­circular muscle 3–12 (6) µm (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0EF15EFEC6F8DAA4B4F881" box="[320,391,1841,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1432,1456]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,286,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,283,1426]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Eclipidrilus pacificus, atrial ampullae (A­C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—sagittal section. B—transverse section; the four vasa deferentia are visible inside the transverse­circular muscle layer. C—sagittal section, detail of outer longitudinal and inner transverse­circular muscle layers. D—transverse section of atrial ampulla, showing outer longitudinal and thin, transverse­circular muscle layers. Abbreviations: lm—longitudinal muscle; pr—prostate gland; tm—transverse­circular muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171288/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
D). Longitudinal muscle fibers parallel to ampulla or slightly spiral, with angle less than 20º from longitudinal axis. Epithelium of ampulla very thin, usually less than 3 µm; lumen 0.3–0.8 (0.64) times total ampulla width. Prostate glands to 25–50 µm tall. Both pairs of vasa deferentia very thin, diameter 6–12 µm. Anterior male funnels 60–110 µm wide, cup­shaped; with or without sperm. Posterior funnels 100–200 µm wide, usually convoluted, and entering sperm sac to about the middle of XI.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF49660C6D0DF15DFE8EFA1AA6C0F97C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171289/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[268,1316,513,1496]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0DF15DFE8EFA1AA6C0F97C" blockId="14.[264,1323,1521,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0DF15DFE8EFA1AA4AAF9C3" bold="true" box="[264,409,1521,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D0DF15DFE27FA19A7B4F9C3" box="[417,647,1522,1545]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0DF15DFE27FA19A7B4F9C3" box="[417,647,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eclipidrilus pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, spermathecae, sagittal sections (A­B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C­D, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—spermathecal vestibule. Bspermathecal ampulla, with ectal part containing dark­staining sperm to right and ental part to the left. C—part of spermathecal vestibule and ectal end of duct. D—spermathecal ampulla (with sperm in ental part), and vestibule. Abbreviations: lm—longitudinal muscle; sv—spermathecal vestibule; tm—thickened section of transverse muscle. Scale bars 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0DF15CFEBEF901A162FE34" blockId="14.[264,1323,1770,1876]" lastBlockId="15.[264,1323,284,1590]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Spermathecal pores inconspicuous; anterior to ventral chaetae, but position variable, usually posterior to the anterior, secondary annulus in IX (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0DF15DFC2BF8F9A6DCF8E6" box="[941,1007,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[297,1280,1120,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[287,1280,1109,1791]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eclipidrilus pacificus, external characters (A – B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C, Variant 1, Tenmile Creek, Oregon). A—lateral view of anterior segments. B—ventral view. C—lateral view. Abbreviations: mp—male pore; sp—spermathecal pore. Roman numerals indicate segment number. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171280/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C). Ectal vestibule of spermathecal duct with thinner musculature than in typical specimens; vestibule usually distinct, 55–150 µm long by 30–44 µm wide, but sometimes weakly developed. Remainder of duct 150–280 µm long. Spermathecal duct narrows near ectal end, but is not convoluted as in typical specimens (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0CF15CFDBAFE87A7A2FE4C" box="[572,657,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,367,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[300,1288,313,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[253,1312,312,1655]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spermathecae of E. pacificus variants; lateral views from sagittally dissected, mated worms (A, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon), (B, Variant 1, Middle Fork St. Maries River, Idaho), (C, Variant 1, Eugene, Oregon), (D, Variant 2, spring at Nestucca River, Oregon), (E – F, Variant 2, Karlson Island, Columbia River). D—arrangement of 3 spermathecae in IX and adjacent segments. E—anterior spermatheca of a 3 ­ spermatheca form. F—single, posterior spermatheca of a 1 ­ spermatheca form. Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171286/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
A–C, 10C). Spermathecal ampulla 200–800 (350) µm long; may be as described for typical
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D0CF15CFD39FE7FA67AFE67" box="[703,841,404,429]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0CF15CFD39FE7FA67AFE67" box="[703,841,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but usually less elongate. In most specimens the epithelial cells are not thickened or vacuolated entally, and the sperm cells are usually distributed throughout the ampulla in a loose bundle (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0CF15CFC51FE0FA11EFE34" box="[983,1069,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[264,367,1521,1545]" captionTargetBox="[268,1316,513,1496]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[259,1318,508,1517]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Eclipidrilus pacificus, spermathecae, sagittal sections (A­B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C­D, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—spermathecal vestibule. Bspermathecal ampulla, with ectal part containing dark­staining sperm to right and ental part to the left. C—part of spermathecal vestibule and ectal end of duct. D—spermathecal ampulla (with sperm in ental part), and vestibule. Abbreviations: lm—longitudinal muscle; sv—spermathecal vestibule; tm—thickened section of transverse muscle. Scale bars 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171289/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0CF15CFEBEFDE7A497FDEF" blockId="15.[264,1323,284,1590]" box="[312,420,524,549]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0CF15CFEBEFDE7A497FDEF" box="[312,420,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Variant 2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0CF15CFEBEFDDFA159FD0C" blockId="15.[264,1323,284,1590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Length of preserved worms
<quantity id="4CCE9B616D0CF15CFD0CFDDFA63DFD84" box="[650,782,564,590]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="19.0">19–25 mm</quantity>
, 78–98 segments; width
<quantity id="4CCE9B616D0CF15CFBBEFDDFA1D6FD84" box="[1080,1253,564,590]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.525" valueMax="0.65" valueMin="0.4">0.40–0.65 mm</quantity>
in X. Blind lateral blood vessels well developed in posterior segments: from about XXX to about L there are anterior and posterior groups of 1–3 short, digitiform vessels; posterior to L, two pairs of lateral vessels have 4–6 (or more) long branches (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0CF15CFB87FD47A17BFD0C" box="[1025,1096,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,556,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1336,550,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eclipidrilus pacificus (A – C, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (D, typical specimen, Calawah River, Washington), (E, Variant 2, Warren Slough, Columbia River). A—chaetal bundles from two different worms: left, a ventral bundle in IX; right, a dorsal bundle in VI. Blateral view of segments I – V, from a cleared whole mount. C—lateral view, one of the lateral blood vessel pairs in LXXV. D—lateral view of a lateral blood vessel pair in LXVII. E—dorsal view of both lateral vessel pairs in LX. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 400 µm (B), 200 µm (C – E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171281/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0CF15CFEBEFD3FA14BFC14" blockId="15.[264,1323,284,1590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Male pore on a short papilla, as described for Variant
<specimenCount id="9D30FD0D6D0CF15CFC2BFD3FA172FD24" box="[941,1089,724,750]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">1 specimens</specimenCount>
; epidermal pad surrounding pore 86–145 µm wide (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0CF15CFD15FD17A7E9FCDC" box="[659,730,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[268,1282,796,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,784,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Eclipidrilus pacificus, male pores; sagittal sections (A­B, typical specimens, Hoh River, Washington), (C, Variant 2 from Karlson Island, Columbia River), (D, Variant 1 from Peavine Ridge, Oregon). A—male pore and accessory glands. B—a partially protruded penis. Cpapilla and end of atrial duct, with accessory glands. D—papilla. Abbreviations: ag—accessory gland. Scale bars 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171287/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
C). Atrial duct 360–1030 (690) µm long; ampulla length 360–740 (560) µm, maximum diameter 89–132 µm. Poor specimen fixation limits histological observations, but longitudinal muscle layer of atrium appears to be 10–19 µm thick, inner circular muscle 4–7 µm. Longitudinal muscle appears to be parallel to longitudinal axis of ampulla. Maximum diameter of atrial lumen 0.41–0.66 (0.55) times ampulla diameter. Anterior male funnels smaller than posterior, usually with sperm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0CF15CFEBEFC07A1D3FA5C" blockId="15.[264,1323,284,1590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Spermathecal morphology similar to Variant 1, but placement of spermathecal pores varies. In the material collected in 2002, five specimens have paired spermathecal pores anterior to ventral chaetae, usually in the secondary annulus groove in IX; an additional pore is near the midventral line, posterior to the chaetae (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0CF15CFC19FB8FA6D6FBB4" box="[927,997,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[269,1280,853,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1319,805,1605]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive segments of E. pacificus (A, typical specimen, Hoh River, Washington), (B, Variant 2, Knappa Slough, Columbia River). A—ventrolateral view, showing spermathecae and atrium (vasa deferentia and anterior funnels not shown), from a whole mount. B—ventral view (schematic) of a whole – mounted worm with three spermathecal pores, showing positions of spermathecae and atrium. Abbreviations: aa—atrial ampulla; ad—atrial duct; mf—posterior male funnel; mp—male pore; ov—ovary; sa—spermathecal ampulla; sp—spermathecal pore; ss—sperm sac; te—testis. Scale bars 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171282/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B, 7D). Six specimens have a single, midventral spermathecal pore, posterior to or between the ventral chaetal bundles; one worm has a single anterolateral pore in addition to the posteromedian one. Anterior pores inconspicuous, but posteromedian pores usually more prominent, on low mounds. Ectal vestibule of spermathecal duct 70–120 µm long; remainder of duct 140– 240 µm long. Spermathecal ampulla nearly spherical to elongate, 210–730 µm long; histology variable. Posteromedian spermathecal ampulla often larger than anterior ones (if present), extending into X or XI (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0CF15CFD16FA97A7E6FA5C" box="[656,725,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,367,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[300,1288,313,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[253,1312,312,1655]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spermathecae of E. pacificus variants; lateral views from sagittally dissected, mated worms (A, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon), (B, Variant 1, Middle Fork St. Maries River, Idaho), (C, Variant 1, Eugene, Oregon), (D, Variant 2, spring at Nestucca River, Oregon), (E – F, Variant 2, Karlson Island, Columbia River). D—arrangement of 3 spermathecae in IX and adjacent segments. E—anterior spermatheca of a 3 ­ spermatheca form. F—single, posterior spermatheca of a 1 ­ spermatheca form. Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171286/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E–F). Sperm usually present in all ampullae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0CF15CFEBEFA4FA1D6F9FC" blockId="15.[264,1323,284,1590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Specimens from the Royal Ontario Museum are highly contorted, in poor condition. Four appear to have paired, anteriorly placed pores; three also have midventral pores posterior to the chaetal bundles; and one has a single midventral pore. The single specimen from a spring near the Nestucca River has the 3­spermatheca arrangement (
<figureCitation id="130D2A016D0CF15CFBFFF9F7A18CF9FC" box="[1145,1215,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,367,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[300,1288,313,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[253,1312,312,1655]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spermathecae of E. pacificus variants; lateral views from sagittally dissected, mated worms (A, Variant 1, Peavine Ridge, Oregon), (B, Variant 1, Middle Fork St. Maries River, Idaho), (C, Variant 1, Eugene, Oregon), (D, Variant 2, spring at Nestucca River, Oregon), (E – F, Variant 2, Karlson Island, Columbia River). D—arrangement of 3 spermathecae in IX and adjacent segments. E—anterior spermatheca of a 3 ­ spermatheca form. F—single, posterior spermatheca of a 1 ­ spermatheca form. Abbreviations: sa—spermathecal ampulla; sd—spermathecal duct; sv—spermathecal vestibule. Scale bars 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171286/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C650F6D0CF143FE8EF987A646FD54" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0CF15CFE8EF987A45DF94F" blockId="15.[264,1323,1644,1870]" box="[264,366,1644,1669]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0CF15CFE8EF987A45DF94F" box="[264,366,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D0CF15CFEBEF97FA1EDF884" blockId="15.[264,1323,1644,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The elongate, petiolate atria with numerous small prostate glands, and the very thin vasa deferentia, embedded in the thick, muscular wall of the atrium, resemble those of other
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D0CF15CFEC9F90FA4E9F937" box="[335,474,1764,1789]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0CF15CFEC9F90FA4E9F937" box="[335,474,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Eclipidrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. As is usual for the genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D0CF15CFC0CF90FA124F937" box="[906,1047,1764,1789]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D0CF15CFC0CF90FA124F937" box="[906,1047,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has reduced (although functional) male funnels associated with small anterior testes in IX. Morphology of the pharynx, blood vessels and nephridia are also typical for the genus (see discussion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D13F143FEBEFEF7A646FD54" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,1710]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Median, unpaired male pores also occur in
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FCC3FEF7A018FEFC" authority="Smith, 1896" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1896" box="[837,1323,284,310]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="asymmetricus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FCC3FEF7A148FEFF" box="[837,1147,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eclipidrilus asymmetricus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D13F143FB0BFEF7A011FEFC" author="Smith" box="[1165,1314,284,310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" refString="Smith, F. (1896) Notes on species of North American oligochaetes II. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 4, 396 - 421." type="journal article" year="1896">Smith, 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FEBCFEAFA48CFE97" box="[314,447,324,349]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lacustris">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FEBCFEAFA48CFE97" box="[314,447,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. lacustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but neither of those species has laterally paired spermathecal pores on the chaetal lines, anterior to the chaetae. Although the general proportions of the atrium and the accessory glands at the male pore are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FC49FE7FA16AFE67" box="[975,1113,404,429]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FC49FE7FA16AFE67" box="[975,1113,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FBEEFE7FA019FE67" box="[1128,1322,404,429]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="asymmetricus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FBEEFE7FA019FE67" box="[1128,1322,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. asymmetricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described as having a conspicuous proboscis and median, longitudinally paired spermathecal pores.
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FE41FE0FA7C9FE37" box="[455,762,484,509]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="asymmetricus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FE41FE0FA7C9FE37" box="[455,762,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eclipidrilus asymmetricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also described as lacking anterior vasa deferentia, male funnels on 9/10, and testes in IX, but most other characters related to the reproductive organs are inadequately described for comparison. Unfortunately, the single mature specimen used in the original description has disappeared, and a subsequent search of the
<typeStatus id="548D88266D13F143FED5FD6FA4B5FD54" box="[339,390,644,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
locality was unsuccessful (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D13F143FD40FD6FA65BFD54" author="Wassell" box="[710,872,644,670]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" refString="Wassell, J. T. (1984) Revision of the lumbriculid oligochaete Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881, with descriptions of three subgenera and Eclipidrilus (Leptodrilus) fontanus n. subg., n. sp. from Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 97, 78 - 85." type="journal article" year="1984">Wassell 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C650F6D13F143FEBEFD47A689F964" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8936846D13F143FEBEFD47A440FAD4" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,1710]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Typical
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FE1DFD47A719FD0F" box="[411,554,684,709]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FE1DFD47A719FD0F" box="[411,554,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens are distinguished from all variant populations by a penis formed of extruded atrial duct lining, and by the larger spermathecal vestibules. The atrium, the concave, epidermal pad and the accessory glands surrounding the male pore also are much larger and well developed, and the musculature surrounding both spermathecal and atrial ducts is also more extensive. The penis appears structurally similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FE8EFC9FA4B7FC47" box="[264,388,884,909]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="frigidus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FE8EFC9FA4B7FC47" box="[264,388,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. frigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is much more extensively developed in the latter species (see below). In the variant populations, the penis is reduced to a small papilla without obviously extrudable lining cells. The occurrence of a posteromedian spermathecal pore in IX usually distinguishes the Variant
<specimenCount id="9D30FD0D6D13F143FD8BFC07A792FBCC" box="[525,673,1004,1030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, from the lower
<collectingCountry id="F32176146D13F143FCE5FC07A6E4FBCC" box="[867,983,1004,1030]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Columbia</collectingCountry>
River and one other site, but the variable number (1–3) of spermathecae makes it difficult to define limits that would indicate formal taxonomic status. A similar problem was noted for
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FBDDFBD7A4E1FBB4" authority="Brinkhurst, 1998" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1998" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ithys">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FBDDFBD7A019FB9F" box="[1115,1322,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eclipidrilus ithys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D13F143FE8EFB8FA4E1FBB4" author="Brinkhurst" box="[264,466,1124,1150]" pageId="16" pageNumber="40" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1998) On the genus Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881 (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata), including a description of Eclipidrilus ithys sp. nov. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 644 - 659." type="journal article" year="1998">Brinkhurst, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in which atria may be paired or single.
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FC2AFB8FA19AFBB7" box="[940,1193,1124,1149]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FC2AFB8FA19AFBB7" box="[940,1193,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eclipidrilus pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from the southernmost Washington collection site (South Naselle River) may be intermediate between the typical form and Variant 1: they resemble the typical Olympic Peninsula material except that the lining cells of the penial structure are not as highly developed and elongate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936846D13F143FEBEFAC7A689F964" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,1710]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The variants may correspond to geographic regions. Typical
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FB9FFAC7A194FA8F" box="[1049,1191,1324,1349]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FB9FFAC7A194FA8F" box="[1049,1191,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been collected only in coastal drainages of Washington, with most records from the Olympic Peninsula. Variant 1 is relatively widespread, with several records from the Coast Ranges of Oregon, two from small tributaries to Puget Sound in northern Washington, and two from northern Idaho. The wide but disjunct distribution of Variant 1 records precludes morphometric analysis that could rule out clinal variation in characters. An additional problem is that specimens from some sites were not well fixed, leading to possible artifacts. Given the persistent ambiguity in species limits between
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FC73F9AFA14DF997" box="[1013,1150,1604,1629]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FC73F9AFA14DF997" box="[1013,1150,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FB3FF9AFA72AF94C" authority="Cook, 1966" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1966" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="daneus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FB3FF9AFA4B6F94F" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eclipidrilus daneus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B756D13F143FE08F987A72AF94C" author="Cook" box="[398,537,1644,1670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" refString="Cook, D. G. (1966) In Studies on North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III. Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. R. O. Brinkhurst and D. G. Cook. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Cook, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see below), it seems best at this point to consider all
<taxonomicName id="4C364D076D13F143FB19F987A018F94F" box="[1183,1323,1644,1669]" class="Oligochaeta" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B942EA966D13F143FB19F987A018F94F" box="[1183,1323,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations as representatives of a single, variable species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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