357 lines
38 KiB
XML
357 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8BE9F1FAC17F362F86FA14C9421E5FA6">Notes on genus Elgiva Meigen, 1838 (Diptera, Sciomyzidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="97D0D7BE8F3FA1656866AFA82A9583FF">Vikhrev, Nikita E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A19EA98748BB74561FCBBFCA4641CE47">Yanbulat, Maria O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="38979CC2108622DD9B1810BA6EEB1478">Amurian Zoological Journal</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0390F579FF98FFEE85FCF6F77BF4F90F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390F579FF98FFEE85FCF6F77BF4F90F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390F579FF98FFEE85FCF6F77BF4F90F" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
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<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE85FCF6F77A26FF0F" blockId="6.[151,757,153,2025]" box="[189,536,153,182]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
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<heading id="D0CEF303FF98FFEE85FCF6F77A26FF0F" box="[189,536,153,182]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE85FCF6F77A26FF0F" ID-CoL="399YN" authority="Steyskal, 1954" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityYear="1954" box="[189,536,153,182]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Elgiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexa">
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<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE85FCF6F7796BFF0C" bold="true" box="[189,341,153,181]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. connexa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE841CF6F77A26FF0F" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[349,536,153,182]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref5711" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1954) The Sciomyzidae of Alaska (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 54 - 71. (In English)" type="journal article" year="1954">Steyskal, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE85FCF6AE7A4EFF65" authority="Steyskal, 1954" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityYear="1954" box="[189,624,191,220]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Tetanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="divisa" status="stat. nov." subSpecies="connexa">
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<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE85FCF6AE798EFF65" bold="true" box="[189,432,191,220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. divisa connexa</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B514E32FF98FFEE84F6F6D17A4EFF65" box="[439,624,191,220]" collectingDate="1922-05-25" collectorName="C. Garrett" country="Canada" latitude="51.18" location="Banff" longLatPrecision="655" longitude="-115.58" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="paratype">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE84F6F6D17A4EFF65" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[439,624,191,220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref5711" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1954) The Sciomyzidae of Alaska (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 54 - 71. (In English)" type="journal article" year="1954">Steyskal, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE8737F6D17ACAFF62" bold="true" box="[630,756,191,219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E2506FF98FFEE8737F6D17ACAFF62" box="[630,756,191,219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F32E04FFFF98FFEE85D6F688791BFEBA" box="[151,293,230,259]" name="Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">CANADA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE841DF68879FEFEBA" box="[348,448,230,259]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
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<collectingRegion id="49FD8A8DFF98FFEE841DF68879FEFEBA" box="[348,448,230,259]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Alberta</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<location id="8EE612B4FF98FFEE84BAF6887A7BFEBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390F579FF98FFEE85FCF6F77BF4F90F:8EE612B4FF98FFEE84BAF6887A7BFEBA" box="[507,581,230,259]" country="Canada" latitude="51.18" longLatPrecision="655" longitude="-115.58" name="Banff" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" stateProvince="Alberta">Banff</location>
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, (
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51.18
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||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE878EF68A7AE2FEBB" box="[719,732,228,258]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">°</emphasis>
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N
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115.58
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||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE85AEF76578C2FE90" box="[239,252,267,297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">°</emphasis>
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W
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</geoCoordinate>
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),
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||
<collectorName id="26CC21B9FF98FFEE8403F76279E7FE90" box="[322,473,268,297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">C. Garrett</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FF8762AFFF98FFEE84B0F7627A8AFE90" box="[497,692,268,297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="1922-05-25">
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<collectingDate id="EFC39B47FF98FFEE84B0F7627A8AFE90" box="[497,692,268,297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="1922-05-25">25 May 1922</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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(
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<typeStatus id="5482FACDFF98FFEE85E0F75D7920FEE9" box="[161,286,307,336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE8472F75C78FCFECF" authority=", Steyskal No" authorityName="Steyskal No" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Hydroneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexa">
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||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE8472F75C7A5AFEF6" box="[307,612,306,335]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Hydroneura connexa</emphasis>
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||
, Steyskal No
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
6050);
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE85D6F7EE7A97FD8F" blockId="6.[151,757,153,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
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<materialsCitation id="3B514E32FF98FFEE85D6F7EE7AB9FE50" collectingDate="1949-06-10" collectorName="B. J. LeBoux" latitude="51.26" location="Moose Factory" longLatPrecision="655" longitude="-80.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ontario" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE85D6F7EE793CFE25" box="[151,258,384,412]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
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||
<collectingRegion id="49FD8A8DFF98FFEE85D6F7EE793CFE25" box="[151,258,384,412]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Ontario</collectingRegion>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8EE612B4FF98FFEE8455F7EE79E1FE25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390F579FF98FFEE85FCF6F77BF4F90F:8EE612B4FF98FFEE8455F7EE79E1FE25" box="[276,479,384,412]" latitude="51.26" longLatPrecision="655" longitude="-80.6" name="Moose Factory" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" stateProvince="Ontario">Moose Factory</location>
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(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D22A8FF98FFEE84B3F7117A5FFE25" box="[498,609,382,412]" degrees="51.26" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" precision="555" value="51.26">
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||
51.26
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||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE877DF7107A77FE25" box="[572,585,382,412]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">°</emphasis>
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||
N
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||
</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D22A8FF98FFEE872DF7117ADAFE25" box="[620,740,382,412]" degrees="80.60" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" precision="555" value="-80.6">
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||
80.60
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||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE87F5F7107AFFFE25" box="[692,705,382,412]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">°</emphasis>
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||
W
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||
</geoCoordinate>
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||
),
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||
<collectorName id="26CC21B9FF98FFEE85D6F7C87909FE7B" box="[151,311,422,450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">B.J. LeBoux</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FF8762AFFF98FFEE8407F7C879C7FE7A" box="[326,505,422,451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="1949-06-10">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFC39B47FF98FFEE8407F7C879C7FE7A" box="[326,505,422,451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="1949-06-10">10 June 1949</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D3F8FE6FF98FFEE8749F7C87A0EFE7B" box="[520,560,422,451]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482FACDFF98FFEE8702F7C87A87FE7A" box="[579,697,422,451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE8782F7C97A0CFE50" authority=", Steyskal No" authorityName="Steyskal No" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Hydroneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE8782F7C979B9FE50" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Hydroneura connexa</emphasis>
|
||
, Steyskal No
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
6050)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B514E32FF98FFEE85D6F79C7A9BFD8F" collectingDate="1952-06-03" collectionCode="ZIN" collectorName="J. G. Chillcott" latitude="58.76" location="Fort Churchill" longLatPrecision="625" longitude="-94.14" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Manitoba" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE85D6F79C7925FDB6" box="[151,283,498,527]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FD8A8DFF98FFEE85D6F79C7925FDB6" box="[151,283,498,527]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EE612B4FF98FFEE8468F79D79D8FDB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390F579FF98FFEE85FCF6F77BF4F90F:8EE612B4FF98FFEE8468F79D79D8FDB6" box="[297,486,498,527]" latitude="58.76" longLatPrecision="625" longitude="-94.14" name="Fort Churchill" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" stateProvince="Manitoba">Fort Churchill</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D22A8FF98FFEE84B7F79C7A5BFDB6" box="[502,613,497,527]" degrees="58.76" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" precision="555" value="58.76">
|
||
58.76
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE8701F79F7A73FDB6" box="[576,589,497,527]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">°</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D22A8FF98FFEE872DF79D7ADAFDA9" box="[620,740,497,528]" degrees="94.14" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" precision="555" value="-94.14">
|
||
94.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE87F2F79F7AFEFDB6" box="[691,704,497,527]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">°</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC21B9FF98FFEE85D6F4777979FD8F" box="[151,327,537,566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">J.G. Chillcott</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8762AFFF98FFEE8415F47779CFFD8F" box="[340,497,537,566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="1952-06-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC39B47FF98FFEE8415F47779CFFD8F" box="[340,497,537,566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="1952-06-03">3 June 1952</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F8FE6FF98FFEE84BCF4777A18FD8F" box="[509,550,537,566]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(all
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28DCAAFF98FFEE871FF4777AA5FD8F" box="[606,667,537,566]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32317E4FF98FFEE85D6F4517962FD4F" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE85D6F4517962FD4F" blockId="6.[151,757,153,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B514E32FF98FFEE85D6F4517967FD4F" collectingDate="1927-06-10" collectionCode="USNM, ZIN" collectorName="J. M. Aldrich" country="United States of America" latitude="39.89" location="Idlewild" longLatPrecision="700" longitude="-105.76" municipality="Platte Canyon" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Colorado" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E04FFFF98FFEE85D6F45178E7FDE5" box="[151,217,575,604]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE85A8F451795AFDE5" box="[233,356,575,604]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FD8A8DFF98FFEE85A8F451795AFDE5" box="[233,356,575,604]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE2DE15FF98FFEE8436F4517A08FDE5" box="[375,566,575,604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Platte Canyon</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
near
|
||
<location id="8EE612B4FF98FFEE87C6F4517ACDFDE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390F579FF98FFEE85FCF6F77BF4F90F:8EE612B4FF98FFEE87C6F4517ACDFDE5" box="[647,755,575,604]" country="United States of America" latitude="39.89" longLatPrecision="700" longitude="-105.76" municipality="Platte Canyon" name="Idlewild" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" stateProvince="Colorado">Idlewild</location>
|
||
(presently Winter Park
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D22A8FF98FFEE84A0F4087A70FD3B" box="[481,590,612,643]" degrees="39.89" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" precision="555" value="39.89">
|
||
39.89
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE8768F40A7A08FD3B" box="[553,566,612,642]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">°</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D22A8FF98FFEE871DF4087ADAFD3A" box="[604,740,612,643]" degrees="105.76" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" precision="555" value="-105.76">
|
||
105.76
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE87F5F40A7AFFFD3B" box="[692,705,612,642]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">°</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC21B9FF98FFEE85D6F4E37901FD10" box="[151,319,652,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">J.M. Aldrich</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8762AFFF98FFEE840CF4E279C0FD10" box="[333,510,652,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="1927-06-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC39B47FF98FFEE840CF4E279C0FD10" box="[333,510,652,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="1927-06-10">10 June 1927</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F8FE6FF98FFEE874AF4E27A0DFD10" box="[523,563,652,681]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F8FE6FF98FFEE8705F4E27A52FD10" box="[580,620,652,681]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482FACDFF98FFEE873FF4E27ACAFD10" box="[638,756,652,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE85D6F4DC7AB3FD76" authority=", Steyskal, No" authorityName="Steyskal, No" box="[151,653,690,719]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Hydroneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE85D6F4DC7982FD76" box="[151,444,690,719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Hydroneura connexa</emphasis>
|
||
, Steyskal, No
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
51609
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28DCAAFF98FFEE85D6F4B778C9FD4F" box="[151,247,729,758]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28DCAAFF98FFEE8450F4B77971FD4F" box="[273,335,729,758]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32317E4FF98FFEE85D6F4917A81FC36" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE85D6F4917A81FC36" blockId="6.[151,757,153,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
REMARKS.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE840AF4917A2FFCA5" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[331,529,767,796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref5711" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1954) The Sciomyzidae of Alaska (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 54 - 71. (In English)" type="journal article" year="1954">Steyskal 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7 showed swellings on the tip of the male abdomen. It is not clear if we should regard these swellings as a genitalic or a non-genitalic character.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32317E4FF98FFEE85FCF5F77A42FC0F" box="[189,636,920,950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE85FCF5F77A42FC0F" blockId="6.[151,757,153,2025]" box="[189,636,920,950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE85FCF5F77A42FC0F" ID-CoL="399YR" authority="Orth et Knutson, 1987" authorityName="Orth et Knutson" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,636,920,950]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Elgiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE85FCF5F77976FC0C" bold="true" box="[189,328,920,949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
Orth et
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE84FBF5F47A42FC0F" author="Knutson, L." box="[442,636,921,950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" pagination="829 - 840" refId="ref5501" refString="Orth, R. E., Knutson, L. (1987) Systematics of snail-killing flies of the genus Elgiva in North America and biology of E. divisa (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 829 - 840. https: // www. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 80.6.829 (In English)" type="journal article" year="1987">Knutson, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32317E4FF98FFEE85D6F5D17A77FA8F" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE85D6F5D17A77FA8F" blockId="6.[151,757,153,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
REMARKS.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F8FE6FF98FFEE8477F5AE79C4FC65" box="[310,506,959,988]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from Platte Canyon listed here under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE8437F5897A3CFBBA" box="[374,514,999,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Hydroneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE8437F5897A3CFBBA" box="[374,514,999,1027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. connexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and were included in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482FACDFF98FFEE85ABF263791CFB90" box="[234,290,1037,1065]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE843BF2637A39FB90" box="[378,519,1037,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Hydroneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE843BF2637A39FB90" box="[378,519,1037,1065]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. connexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE8701F2627884FBF6" author="Steyskal, G. C." pageId="6" pageNumber="263" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref5711" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1954) The Sciomyzidae of Alaska (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 54 - 71. (In English)" type="journal article" year="1954">Steyskal 1954: 62</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, Orth,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE84E1F25D7A99FBF6" author="Knutson, L." box="[416,679,1074,1104]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" pagination="829 - 840" refId="ref5501" refString="Orth, R. E., Knutson, L. (1987) Systematics of snail-killing flies of the genus Elgiva in North America and biology of E. divisa (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 829 - 840. https: // www. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 80.6.829 (In English)" type="journal article" year="1987">Knutson (1987: 836)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed them as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE8449F23479BBFBCF" authorityName="Orth et Knutson" authorityYear="1987" box="[264,389,1113,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Elgiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE8449F23479BBFBCF" box="[264,389,1113,1142]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The male from Platte Canyon has the swellings on the tip of the abdomen and should be identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE84BCF2C97AB5FB7A" box="[509,651,1191,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Hydroneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE84BCF2C97AB5FB7A" box="[509,651,1191,1219]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. connexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to the key offered by Orth,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE8764F2A37ACEFB50" author="Knutson, L." box="[549,752,1228,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" pagination="829 - 840" refId="ref5501" refString="Orth, R. E., Knutson, L. (1987) Systematics of snail-killing flies of the genus Elgiva in North America and biology of E. divisa (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 829 - 840. https: // www. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 80.6.829 (In English)" type="journal article" year="1987">Knutson (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In our opinion, genital differential characters of this species are the most doubtful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32317E4FF98FFEE85FCF32E7A90FAE5" box="[189,686,1343,1372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE85FCF32E7A90FAE5" blockId="6.[151,757,153,2025]" box="[189,686,1343,1372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE85FCF32E7A90FAE5" ID-CoL="399YV" authority="Orth et Knutson, 1987" authorityName="Orth et Knutson" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,686,1343,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Elgiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacnowesa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE85FCF32E7944FAE5" bold="true" box="[189,378,1344,1372]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. pacnowesa</emphasis>
|
||
Orth et
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE84ADF32E7A90FAE5" author="Knutson, L." box="[492,686,1343,1372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" pagination="829 - 840" refId="ref5501" refString="Orth, R. E., Knutson, L. (1987) Systematics of snail-killing flies of the genus Elgiva in North America and biology of E. divisa (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 829 - 840. https: // www. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 80.6.829 (In English)" type="journal article" year="1987">Knutson, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32317E4FF98FFEE85D6F3087BF4F90F" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE85D6F30879A8FA10" blockId="6.[151,757,153,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">REMARKS. Surstyli with robust lobes. No material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE85FCF3DC79B5F850" blockId="6.[151,757,153,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
Why the population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE84B6F3DD7A57FA76" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1845" box="[503,617,1458,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Tetanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE84B6F3DD7A57FA76" box="[503,617,1458,1487]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. divisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a single species in its homeland, i.e. in Palaearctic, despite the presence of mountain exclaves, but gave a complex of species when spread to the Nearctic? The reason is that different approaches are used to recognise species in the Palaearctic and Nearctic. The Palaearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE85D6F0AE7920F965" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1780" box="[151,286,1727,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solicita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE85D6F0AE7920F965" box="[151,286,1727,1756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. solicita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE8426F0AE79E5F965" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1845" box="[359,475,1727,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Tetanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE8426F0AE79E5F965" box="[359,475,1727,1756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. divisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar but they differ by a set of correlated characters both non-genitalic and genitalic; differences in male genitalia are unmistakable; females also can be identified. The species of the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE8580F1EE790DF825" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1845" box="[193,307,1919,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Tetanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE8580F1EE790DF825" box="[193,307,1919,1948]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. divisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex differ by a single genital character which is not convincing; females are undistinguishable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE8601F6F77B8AFDE5" blockId="6.[794,1399,153,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
There is an opinion that differences (even very small ones) in the structure of male genitalia are a more reliable argument for separating species than non-genitalic characters. However, we do not see confirmation of this either in the literature or in our own observations. In groups that are characterized by distinct sexual dimorphism (some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE8181F7C87D7AFE7A" box="[1216,1348,422,451]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Muscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE86DCF7A27C14FE50" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[925,1066,460,489]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Hydrotaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE86DCF7A27C14FE50" box="[925,1066,460,489]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Hydrotaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), males are often easily distinguished by non-genitalic characters but have similar genitalia, the reverse situation is much rarer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE8601F4087C49FC65" blockId="6.[794,1399,153,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
For taxa described as species of the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE862CF4E37BE1FD10" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1845" box="[877,991,652,681]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Tetanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE862CF4E37BE1FD10" box="[877,991,652,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. divisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex it is unknown if they are reproductively isolated from each other or not. It is unknown for the vast majority of organisms. However, it is known, for example, that Neanderthals and humans did not lose the ability to interbreed, despite more than half a million years of isolation and significant morphological differences accumulated during this time (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE8691F5D17C54FC65" author="Reich, D." box="[976,1130,959,988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" refId="ref5578" refString="Reich, D. (2018) Who we are and how we got here: Ancient DNA and the new science of the human past. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 335 p. (In English)" type="book" year="2018">Reich 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE8601F5887B9EFAB6" blockId="6.[794,1399,153,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
We believe that the taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE8071F5887BB2FB90" baseAuthorityName="Seguy" baseAuthorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciomyzidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an obvious trend towards oversplitting, and this trend causes more harm than benefit (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE86A2F2377D04FBCF" author="Vikhrev, N. & Yanbulat, M." box="[995,1338,1113,1142]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" pagination="42 - 63" refId="ref5754" refString="Vikhrev, N., Yanbulat, M. (2019) Sepedon Latreille, 1804 (Diptera, Sciomyzidae): Review of Asian fauna and notes on taxonomy of Asian and Nearctic species. Dipteron, vol. 35, pp. 42 - 63. https: // www. doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 3252595" type="journal article" year="2019">Vikhrev, Yanbulat 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In our opinion, Occam’s presumption “entities should not be multiplied without necessity” is the best approach until otherwise is clearly indicated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86446FFF98FFEE8601F3777BF4F90F" blockId="6.[794,1399,153,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
Without examination of the Nearctic material we cannot offer to synonymise, for example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE86DCF3097C1BFA3A" authorityName="Orth et Knutson" authorityYear="1987" box="[925,1061,1382,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Elgiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE86DCF3097C1BFA3A" box="[925,1061,1382,1411]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, we share
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE8004F3087BD0FA10" author="Rozkosny, R." pageId="6" pageNumber="263" refId="ref5618" refString="Rozkosny, R. (1987) A review of the Palaearctic Sciomyzidae (Diptera). Brno: Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyne Publ., 97 p. (Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Purkynianae Brunensis. Biologia. Vol. 86). (In English)" type="book" year="1987">Rozkosny’s (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
opinion that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE81F8F3E37D6CFA10" box="[1209,1362,1421,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Hydroneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE81F8F3E37D6CFA10" box="[1209,1362,1421,1449]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. connexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is “very closely related if not identical” to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE806FF3DD7B6EFA4F" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Tetanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE806FF3DD7B6EFA4F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. divisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and we decrease its taxonomic rank to subspecies:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE86FAF06E7D4CF9A5" authority="Steyskal, 1954" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityYear="1954" box="[955,1394,1535,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Tetanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="divisa" subSpecies="connexa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE86FAF06E7C99F9A5" box="[955,1191,1535,1564]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. divisa connexa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8399EFF98FFEE81F1F3917D4CF9A5" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[1200,1394,1535,1564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref5711" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1954) The Sciomyzidae of Alaska (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 54 - 71. (In English)" type="journal article" year="1954">Steyskal, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, American specimens may be identified either as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE86D8F0237C31F9D0" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1845" box="[921,1039,1612,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Tetanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE86D8F0237C31F9D0" box="[921,1039,1612,1641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">E. divisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(any female, for example) or as
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE8620F01D7BCAF936" box="[865,1012,1650,1679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
E. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE86E2F01C7BCAF936" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1845" box="[931,1012,1650,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Tetanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">divisa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D987DFF98FFEE8161F01D7CECF936" box="[1056,1234,1650,1679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
E. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C393FECFF98FFEE8123F01D7CECF936" box="[1122,1234,1651,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Hydroneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexa">connexa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
if necessary and possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |