235 lines
21 KiB
XML
235 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4e9bc3ce-4b88-4c17-acfd-14482cf3424b" ID-PMC="PMC3494022" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-230-1" ID-PubMed="23166476" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-230-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 230" ModsDocTitle="Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)" checkinTime="1451248664083" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bertani, Rogerio" docDate="2012" docId="034309EB8E20FC19B72699FC8D5C8E7F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 230: 1-94" docOrigin="ZooKeys 230" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" docTitle="Iridopelma katiae Bertani, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="4371FFCC3243DD68FFCE0A77FFB8FF9E" masterDocTitle="Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1668154580721" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bertani, Rogerio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>230</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>94</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-230-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037391" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E4ED25DB-B675-4BC5-9E5D-E5A9C9159DB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/034309EB8E20FC19B72699FC8D5C8E7F" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E4ED25DB-B675-4BC5-9E5D-E5A9C9159DB6" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma katiae" order="Araneae" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katiae">Iridopelma katiae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="43" pageNumber="44">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 134
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–149153–">-149153-</normalizedToken>
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155169
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Male resemble those of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma zorodes" order="Araneae" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zorodes">Iridopelma zorodes</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma vanini" order="Araneae" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanini">Iridopelma vanini</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. in similar leg I and IV lengths (leg IV/I length =1.04, SD= 0.02). It differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma zorodes" order="Araneae" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zorodes">Iridopelma zorodes</taxonomicName>
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by blackish coloration with a reddish pattern on abdomen dorsum (Fig. 143). It differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma vanini" order="Araneae" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanini">Iridopelma vanini</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by shorter embolus (Figs 134-136). Female differs from those of all species in spermathecal morphology, two straight to slightly curving spermathecae tapering little from base to apex, lacking folds and with constriction forming two to multiple distal lobes (Fig. 139). Additionally, females have a general blackish coloration with a reddish pattern on abdomen dorsum (Fig. 142).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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The specific name is a matronym in honour of my wife,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kátia">Katia</normalizedToken>
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de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mendonça">Mendonca</normalizedToken>
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Faria, who illustrated several plates for spider taxonomy papers, this work included.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="types">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Types.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Holotype female, Brazil, Bahia,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mucugê">Mucuge</normalizedToken>
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, Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.751945">12°45'7.00"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-41.500607">41°30'2.18"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1399 m a.s.l., R. Bertani, C. S. Fukushima and R. H. Nagahama, 18 February 2008 (MZSP 36887); Paratype male (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.751047">12°45'3.77"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-41.501114">41°30'4.01"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1377 m a.s.l., 17 February 2008 (MZSP 36888), same data; Paratype male (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.751162">12°45'4.18"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-41.501038">41°30'3.73"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1366 m.a.s.l, same data (MZSP 36889); Paraype female (12°45' 2.50"S, 41°30'4.15"W), 1388 m.a.s.l, same data, found with ca. 100 young (MZSP 36890). All specimens found inside bromeliads (
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Vriesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vriesea atra" order="Poales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atra">Vriesea atra</taxonomicName>
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) in a campo rupestre area.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="additional material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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BRAZIL: Bahia: Ibicoara, Serra do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sincorá">Sincora</normalizedToken>
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[
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.4">13°24'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-41.25">41°15'W</geoCoordinate>
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], G. Machado, 12 March 2000, 2 females (MZSP 22762); Rio de Contas [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.583333">13°35'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-41.8">41°48'W</geoCoordinate>
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], O. A. V. Marques and G. Skuk, 09 October 1991, 1 female, 1 immature (IBSP 10317).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Holotype female (MZSP 36887). Carapace 13.3 long, 12.7 wide, chelicerae 7.7. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 11.3, 6.5, 8.2, 7.6, 4.6, 38.2. II: 10.0, 6.1, 7.2, 7.0, 4.3, 34.6. III: 9.3, 5.3, 6.4, 6.9, 4.1, 32.0. IV: 10.9, 5.2, 8.8, 9.6, 4.7, 39.2. Palp: 7.9, 4.6, 5.3, -, 5.9, 23.7. Mid-widths (lateral): femora
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.4, 2.5, 2.8, 2.4, palp = 2.2; patellae
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.5, palp = 2.3; tibiae
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.1, 2.1, 2.1, 2.0, palp = 2.1; metatarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 1.9, 1.7, 1.6, 1.6; tarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.1, 2.1, 2.1, 2.0, palp = 2.1. Abdomen 18.4 long, 13.0 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.7 long, 0.7 wide, 0.3 apart; PLS, 2.1 basal, 1.4 middle, 1.5 distal; mid-widths (lateral), 1.3, 1.1, 0.8, respectively. Carapace: length to width 1.04. Fovea: shallow, 2.3 wide. Eyes: tubercle 0.5 high, 1.8 long, 2.4 wide. Clypeus 0.6. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.4, ALE 0.6, PME 0.5, PLE 0.6,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
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0.6,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
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0.4,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.2,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
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1.5,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.3,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
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1.4,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.08,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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1.8,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.3,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.5. Ratio of eye group width to length 2.0. Maxillae: length to width: 1.9. Cuspules: 100-120 spread over ventral inner heel. Maxillary lyra absent. Labium: 1.6 long, 2.0 wide, with ca. 100 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on the anterior third. Labio-sternal groove deep, narrow, sigilla not evident. Chelicerae: basal segments with ten teeth decreasing in size from distal to basal portion. Sternum: 6.2 long, 5.3 wide. Legs: leg formula: I=IV II III. Scopula: Tarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
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fully scopulate, IV basal half divided by row of 6-7 setae. Metatarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
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4/5 scopulate; III 2/3, IV 1/3 distal scopulate. IV divided by three wide row of setae. Urticating hairs type II (0.45 to 0.51 long, 0.012 wide) on abdomen dorsum. Genitalia: paired slightly curving inwards spermathecae tapering slightly from base to apex, not folded, with constriction forming two to multiple distal lobes (Fig. 139). Color pattern: carapace, chelicerae, legs and palps black, covered with hairs having a weak golden iridescence. Coxae, labium, sternum, and maxillae black. Longitudinal stripes on dorsum of femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi inconspicuous. Distal femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi with discrete whitish rings. Abdomen dorsum black with longitudinal large band of long reddish setae on the central
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<pageBreakToken pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="start">area</pageBreakToken>
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, forming a pattern. Sparse long red setae over lateral area of abdomen. Abdomen ventrally black (Fig. 142).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Paratype male (MZSP 36888). Carapace 12.1 long, 11.2 wide, chelicerae 6.5. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 11.7, 6.6, 9.1, 10.5, 5.2, 43.1. II: 10.8, 6.0, 8.3, 9.3, 4.8, 39.2. III: 9.5, 4.6, 7.0, 8.2, 4.6, 33.9. IV: 11.4, 5.5, 9.7, 11.0, 4.5, 42.1. Palp: 6.6, 4.4, 4.9, -, 2.6, 18.5. Mid-widths (lateral): femora
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.1, 2.0, 2.4, 2.4, palp=1.7; patellae
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.1, 2.3, 2.2, 2.2, palp = 2.0; tibiae
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 1.9, 1.8, 1.6, 1.9, palp = 1.7; metatarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.2; tarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.2, palp = 1.8. Abdomen 12.3 long, 8.1 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.4 long, 0.5 wide, 0.2 apart; PLS, 2.4 basal, 1.2 middle, 1.7 distal; mid-widths (lateral), 0.9, 0.8, 0.6, respectively. Carapace: length to width 1.08. Fovea 1.8 wide. Eyes: tubercle 0.8 high, 1.5 long, 2.1 wide. Clypeus 0.4. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior straight. Eyes size and inter-distances: AME 0.4, ALE 0.4, PME 0.3, PLE 0.4,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
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0.4,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
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0.3,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.2,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
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<pageBreakToken pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="start">1.3</pageBreakToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.4,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
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1.1,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.1,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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1.6,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.3,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.5. Ratio of eye group width to length 2.1. Maxillae: length to width: 1.6. Cuspules: 120-150 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 1.3 long, 2.1 wide, with ca. 90 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Labio-sternal groove shallow, flat, with two sigilla. Chelicerae: basal segments with eleven teeth decreasing in size from distal to basal portion. Sternum: 5.1 long, 4.9 wide. Legs: leg formula: I=IV II III. Scopula: Tarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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fully scopulate, IV with a row of sparse setae. Metatarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
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4/5 scopulate; III 1/2 distal scopulate; IV 1/3 distal scopulate. IV divided by three wide row of setae. Tibial spurs. Legs: I, single, 0.4 long, 1.2 wide (Fig. 137); II, 0.2 long, 1.1 wide (Fig. 138); both with numerous spiniform setae on their tips. Urticating hairs type II (0.72 to 0.75 long, 0.015 wide) on abdomen dorsum. Palp: embolus 3.2 long, with a 90° curvature to retrolateral side. Embolus basal, middle and distal width of 0.8, 0.2 and 0.04, respectively. Tegulum 1.0 long, 1.5 wide. (Figs 134-136). Cymbium: spiniform process 0.7 long, 0.5 wide on the apex. Color pattern and setation as in female (Fig. 143).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Brazil: state of Bahia, endemic to Chapada Diamantina and its immediate surrounding regions, in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Espinhaço">Espinhaco</normalizedToken>
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mountain range (Fig. 169).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="spermathecae variation">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Spermathecae variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Typical spermatheca is slender, slightly curving inwards, tapering little from base to apex, not folded, with a distal constriction forming two to multiple distal lobes (Fig. 139, 153-155). Detected variation concerns shape and number of lobes.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Two specimens were found under rocks in Ibicoara (G. Machado, pers. comm.) and in Rio de Contas, both in state of Bahia. I found four specimens in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mucugê">Mucuge</normalizedToken>
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, Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, all inside bromeliads (
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Vriesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vriesea atra" order="Poales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atra">Vriesea atra</taxonomicName>
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) (Fig. 147). One of the specimens folded a bromeliad leaf and connected it with silk threads, making a retreat (Fig. 148). Inside with the mother were ca. 100 small juveniles (Fig. 149). The region where they were found is high (1400 m. a. s. l.) (Fig. 144) and vegetation is sparse, growing over a rocky substratum with shallow soil (campo rupestre) (Figs 145-146). Temperature is high during the day, falling abruptly at night. Water is largely available only during the rainy period.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="That’s">That's</normalizedToken>
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a very distinct environmental condition when compared with the habitat in rainforest of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma hirsutum" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">Iridopelma hirsutum</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma zorodes" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zorodes">Iridopelma zorodes</taxonomicName>
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, and seems inhospitable, mainly for an arboreal species. In this environment, bromeliads and space under rocks are among the few available shelter for spiders.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Cladistic analysis suggests that a retreat made with tree leaves and silk is primitive for
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Iridopelma</taxonomicName>
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species, and bromelicolous habitat in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma katiae" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katiae">Iridopelma katiae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is derived. A possibility to explain the habit change could be the existence of a primitive forest in the area which became drier more recently in geological time, resulting in grasslands over a rocky or sandy shallow soil and lack of high vegetation. Bromeliads then become the primary (and relatively scarce) available microhabitat with similar conditions and resources, e. g. leaves as substratum and high humidity, necessities for an aviculariine spider. The environmental conditions in campo rupestre areas in Chapada Diamantina could aid in understanding the specialization to endemic bromelicolous lifestyle in other spider species, such as
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pachistopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachistopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachistopelma</taxonomicName>
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spp.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="color pattern ontogeny">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Color pattern ontogeny.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Juveniles have light brown legs, except for black tarsi. Carapace is black and abdomen has a broad central longitudinal red stripe over a black area. Abdomen laterals are light brown (Fig. 140). When the individual grows, it becomes darker and retains the abdominal pattern, now with a longitudinal central black stripe (Fig. 141). Adults males and females are completely black and have a conspicuous abdominal pattern remains (Figs 142-143).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |