198 lines
21 KiB
XML
198 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="7A6E4C15062A493C0B83AE13CE3430A0" ID-CLB-Dataset="3398" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5714564" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b851f83-a5d0-4e03-a1ba-95c846dd3a31" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714564" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633636969730" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="FC03440BFFF5FF9AEAD84E25FE5DF4D1" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Viverridae_0174.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Cynogale bennettii Gray 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="198" masterDocId="003A3C73FFE2FF82EF1B4367FFD3FFCB" masterDocTitle="Viverridae" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="174" pageNumber="197" updateTime="1699458846273" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="081D35F22B42DB41BA1E39428FA09945" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C47BD7BFEB60772D80D91D86DDDB4189">
|
||
<mods:title id="F7541364262AF11662BFA648E98B8405">Viverridae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="5FC2DF6BA76F9496F6C75FB85772DB07" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="553623702DED6C4B9503C4771CD41778">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="97C55AFD17A41C9016FBAB11EF66675C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5BFF02EECED303F0F9815EFCC3031F23">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A4D17EB1A2E83F5E58AF4E20239A986B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0C33B40010F04349F0E9991CD6007FE3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B1A214F09F6BF60009FFA1C50EA19B74">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="23AE316B59839B04F3E5E891B93568E3">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C01A3275A6046A43869026F9C0FDF485">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="3452D2CBAEA26158E8DD99F5052AEEC9" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="7E2F81C9CC5FB83DBCAEDD25A965569F">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="0B605E9776266622B0998C46BEB00612">2009</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="5BE8A312FEEB4E4361C11E0CD5090D8D" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="DA73E6F708DCFFF46AD2107AE28611A6">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="73935D34F38A704D77298C4E10DFCE6F">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="D319CE76B2F8B711339E1A296E8B7A9C">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="15109D4B6E0CA3D30082E17834F403FF">
|
||
<mods:title id="261C917EFACEF3675AC22E4D516A0637">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="05448173CF66091F0C46A8AE22C0EB81">
|
||
<mods:extent id="976131B146D0527555EDBD10E9D6DF13" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="C2B5EBE828B2E70B6FD832E93F78176D">174</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="1777600E3BCD8A2CEECFD3B6FE3F8687">232</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="60445B774AF1EE3DD7F351C273722CCA">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="13C6C2EF6C76FDBE6E1B53935611233B" type="CLB-Dataset">3398</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C70C06488C93F8CF0E76A5D8F77DF041" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5714564</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6E5AF4DD33276960C4661B1D5D74E1F4" type="GBIF-Dataset">1b851f83-a5d0-4e03-a1ba-95c846dd3a31</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="706873F83DC04B70969D8DC97949F7DF" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4E61192FCEF44A0DF1F5CE0A7C955D92" type="Zenodo-Dep">5714564</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="FC03440BFFF5FF9AEAD84E25FE5DF4D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714885" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190309722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714885" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC03440BFFF5FF9AEAD84E25FE5DF4D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC03440BFFF5FF9AEAD84E25FE5DF4D1" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF5FF95EAD84E25FA2FF2BB" box="[1475,1532,3394,3440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF5FF95EAD84E25FA2FF2BB" blockId="23.[1473,2225,3394,3483]" box="[1475,1532,3394,3440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<heading id="2F5D4271FFF5FF95EAD84E25FA2FF2BB" box="[1475,1532,3394,3440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<figureCitation id="EC91E998FFF5FF95EAD84E25FA2FF2BB" box="[1475,1532,3394,3440]" captionStart="Plate 15: Viverridae" captionStartId="20.[132,162,3394,3419]" captionTargetBox="[11,2789,15,3637]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="24. Small-toothed Palm Civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata), 25. Sulawesi Palm Civet (Macrogalidia musschenbroekii), 26. Binturong (Arctictis binturong), 27. Masked Palm Civet (Paguma larvata), 28. Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), 29. Brown Palm Civet (Paradoxurus jerdoni), 30. Golden Palm Civet (Paradoxurus zeylonensis), 31. Otter Civet (Cynogale bennettii), 32. Owston’s Palm Civet (Chrotogale owstoni), 33. Banded Palm Civet (Hemugalus derbyanus), 34. Hose’s Palm Civet (Diplogale hosei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375763/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">31.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF5FF95E9154E25F920F2BB" box="[1550,1779,3394,3440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF5FF95E9154E25F920F2BB" blockId="23.[1473,2225,3394,3483]" box="[1550,1779,3394,3440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<heading id="2F5D4271FFF5FF95E9154E25F920F2BB" box="[1550,1779,3394,3440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFF5FF95E9154E25F920F2BB" box="[1550,1779,3394,3440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">Otter Civet</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF5FF95E81E4E25F787F2BB" box="[1797,2132,3394,3440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF5FF95E81E4E25F787F2BB" blockId="23.[1473,2225,3394,3483]" box="[1797,2132,3394,3440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<heading id="2F5D4271FFF5FF95E81E4E25F787F2BB" box="[1797,2132,3394,3440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFF5FF95E81E4E25F787F2BB" ID-CoL="339RB" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" box="[1797,2132,3394,3440]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Cynogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennettii">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF5FF95E81E4E25F787F2BB" box="[1797,2132,3394,3440]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">Cynogale bennettii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF5FF95EAD84EE5F763F25C" box="[1475,2224,3458,3479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF5FF95EAD84EE5F763F25C" blockId="23.[1473,2225,3394,3483]" box="[1475,2224,3458,3479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<heading id="2F5D4271FFF5FF95EAD84EE5F763F25C" box="[1475,2224,3458,3479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF5FF95EAD84EE5F9DCF25C" bold="true" box="[1475,1551,3458,3479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFF5FF95E9034EE5F94DF25C" box="[1560,1694,3458,3479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">Civette loutre</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF5FF95E9A84EE5F8DDF25C" bold="true" box="[1715,1806,3458,3479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFF5FF95E80C4EE5F85EF25C" box="[1815,1933,3458,3479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">Otterzivette</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF5FF95E8B94EE5F82EF25C" bold="true" box="[1954,2045,3458,3479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFF5FF95E71D4EE5F763F25C" box="[2054,2224,3458,3479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="197">Civeta pescadora</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEC1A4243FA99FE8E" box="[769,1354,292,325]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEC1A4243FA99FE8E" blockId="24.[769,1357,292,719]" box="[769,1354,292,325]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFFAFF9AEC1A4243FC4FFE8E" bold="true" box="[769,924,292,325]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFFAFF9AECAA4243FA95FE8E" ID-CoL="339RB" authority="Gray, 1837" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" box="[945,1350,292,325]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Cynogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennettii">Cynogale bennettii Gray, 1837</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEC194229FCAFFEA0" box="[770,892,334,363]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEC194229FCAFFEA0" blockId="24.[769,1357,292,719]" box="[770,892,334,363]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C4C2FF40FFFAFF9AEC194229FCAFFEA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712312325" box="[770,892,334,363]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFFAFF9AEC194229FCABFEA0" box="[770,888,334,363]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEC184210FADDFDC2" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEC184210FADDFDC2" blockId="24.[769,1357,292,719]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
Included here is Lowe’s Otter Civet (C. lower), which is only known from the type specimen, a poorly preserved juvenile skin from north
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFFAFF9AECF3428FFBB1FDC2" box="[1000,1122,488,521]" name="Vietnam" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEC1A4177FB06FD3D" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="20D5A595FFFAFF9AEC1A4177FB06FD3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714631" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5714631/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" targetBox="[155,744,306,719]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEC1A4177FA99FD04" blockId="24.[769,1357,292,719]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFFAFF9AEC1A4177FC7CFDFA" bold="true" box="[769,943,528,561]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFFAFF9AECD84177FB96FDFA" box="[963,1093,528,561]" name="Myanmar" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFFAFF9AEB474177FB08FDFA" box="[1116,1243,528,561]" name="Thailand" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFFAFF9AEC4D415CFC1FFD93" box="[854,972,571,600]" name="Malaysia" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFFAFF9AECFF415CFBA1FD93" box="[996,1138,571,600]" name="Singapore" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sumatra, and Borneo. There is one skin from N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFFAFF9AEBCE4104FA99FD4B" box="[1237,1354,611,640]" name="Vietnam" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFFAFF9AEC1441EDFCA6FD6C" box="[783,885,650,679]" name="Vietnam" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Tonkin</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the type locality of C. lowei) and a possible skin record in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFFAFF9AEB5C41D5FB49FD04" box="[1095,1178,690,719]" name="China" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(S
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFFAFF9AEBD241D5FAEEFD04" box="[1225,1341,690,719]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEF8641BEFB06FD3D" blockId="24.[154,1361,729,2842]" box="[157,1237,729,758]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">However, there have been no further confirmed records from these two areas.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEF80419BFEBBFA59" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEF80419BFEBBFA59" blockId="24.[154,1361,729,2842]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFFAFF9AEF80419BFE44FCD6" bold="true" box="[155,407,764,797]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body 57.5-68 cm, tail 12-20.
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFFAFF9AECBB419BFC39FCD6" box="[928,1002,764,797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 10.2-11.
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFFAFF9AEBE5419BFA96FCD6" box="[1278,1349,764,797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 3-5 kg. A dark brown civet, with a short tail and a grizzled appearance (the tips of the guard hairs are gray). The underparts are a paler brown and not speckled. The chin and corners of the mouth are white, and there are whitish spots on each cheek and above the eyes. The head has a large snout, with an expanded upperlip; the facial vibrissae are very long and numerous. The rhinarium is deeply grooved on its anterior surface, with the nostrils opening upwards on top of the muzzle. The ears are small and round; both the ears and nostrils can be closed when the head is submerged. There are two pairs of teats. The feet have five digits and are webbed; they have small metapodial pads and the area surrounding these pads is naked. The perineal gland is simple, consisting of an area of naked skin and openings (a pair of small depressions in the female and a series of median pores in the male). The skull is long and low, with only a slight sagittal crest and a flat zygomatic arch; there is a very slight post-orbital process and a low ascending ramus. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. The canines are only a little longer than the premolars. The premolars are set close together and are triangular in shape, with high, pointed crowns; the molars are broad with low cusps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEF8046FFFC93F9E4" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEF8046FFFC93F9E4" blockId="24.[154,1361,729,2842]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFFAFF9AEF8046FFFED9FA72" bold="true" box="[155,266,1432,1465]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary lowland dry forest, swamp forest, bamboo forest, and secondary forest. It has been recorded as high as
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFFAFF9AEDA946AFFCCAFA2A" box="[690,793,1480,1505]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
in Borneo, but most records are from lowland forest. The majority of field observations and camera-trap records are in the vicinity of water, near streams and swampy areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEF804551FD76F9B4" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEF804551FD76F9B4" blockId="24.[154,1361,729,2842]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFFAFF9AEF804551FE7BF99C" bold="true" box="[155,424,1590,1623]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Thought to be semi-aquatic and is said to feed on aquatic prey (small vertebrates and invertebrates).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEF8145E3FBCBF8D7" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEF8145E3FBCBF8D7" blockId="24.[154,1361,729,2842]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFFAFF9AEF8145E3FE55F96E" bold="true" box="[154,390,1668,1701]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
May be nocturnal: several field observations were at dusk, at night, and in the early morning, and one camera-trap in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFFAFF9AEC4F45D7FBC6F906" box="[852,1045,1712,1741]" country="Indonesia" name="Riau" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Riau Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFFAFF9AEB3145D7FB64F906" box="[1066,1207,1712,1741]" name="Indonesia" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) recorded an Otter Civet at 03:20 h. However, camera-trapping in the Way Kambas National Park (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFFAFF9AEFB24598FEF3F8D7" box="[169,288,1791,1820]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
) recorded Otter Civets as active at all times of the day.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEF804441FE5EF82B" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEF804441FE5EF82B" blockId="24.[154,1361,729,2842]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFFAFF9AEF804441FCB5F888" bold="true" box="[155,870,1830,1859]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Terrestrial, but there is one camera-trap photograph showing an Otter Civet climbing a tree. Mainly solitary, but photographs of mothers with young have been recorded: of 59 camera-trap pictures in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFFAFF9AEF8644C7FEC0F872" box="[157,275,1952,1977]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 53 were of single individuals, four were of two individuals, and two were of three individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEF804480FD3AF79D" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEF804480FD3AF79D" blockId="24.[154,1361,729,2842]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFFAFF9AEF804480FEF2F7C3" bold="true" box="[155,289,2023,2056]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Females with two and three embryos have been recorded, and camera-traps have photographed females with one and two young. In captivity, the litter size has been reported to range from two to three.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEF804B3BFAF8F5B6" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEF804B3BFAF8F5B6" blockId="24.[154,1361,729,2842]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFFAFF9AEF804B3BFE2FF7B6" bold="true" box="[155,508,2140,2173]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The [UCN Red List. Listed as Threatened in the 1989 IUCN Action Plan for the Conservation ofMustelids and Viverrids. Most museum specimens are from 1826 to 1940. There is a scarcity of recent records, especially from Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFFAFF9AEC464BB1FC01F738" box="[861,978,2262,2291]" name="Malaysia" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFFAFF9AEB064BB1FB4DF738" box="[1053,1182,2262,2291]" name="Thailand" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and little is known about current populations. As it is found primarily in lowland forest, particularly near streams and wetland areas, the loss of lowland forest within its range has probably reduced populations of this species and threatens its persistence. Riverine habitats are increasingly being polluted and disturbed. Selective logging may also be responsible for its apparent rarity: in northern Borneo, the abundance of civets was significantly lower in logged forest than in primary forest, with the most specialized civets (such as the Otter Civet), being less tolerant of logged forests than generalist civet species. Conversion of peat swamp forests to oil palm plantations is an additional threat. Field surveys and ecological studies are needed to ascertain its current distribution, to monitor populations, and to determineits tolerance to habitat disturbance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFFAFF9AEF8649ECFE5DF4D1" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFFAFF9AEF8649ECFE5DF4D1" blockId="24.[154,1361,729,2842]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFFAFF9AEF8649ECFEE5F56F" bold="true" box="[157,310,2699,2724]" pageId="24" pageNumber="198">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Chen (1988), Corbet & Hill (1992), Davies & Payne (1982), Goldman (1982), Harrison (1974), Heydon & Bulloh (1996), Heydon & Ghaffar (1997), Lekagul & McNeely (1991), Payne et al. (1985), Pocock (
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFFAFF9AEFBE49BEFF34F539" box="[165,231,2777,2802]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.9149999999999998" pageId="24" pageNumber="198" unit="g" value="1915.0">1915g</quantity>
|
||
, 1933c), Schreiber et al. (1989), Sebastian (2005), Veron (1999), Veron et al. (2006), Wozencraft (1984, 2005), Yasuma (1994).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |