185 lines
18 KiB
XML
185 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="ADBE24EF70D07D0DE770A7E351AD6947" ID-CLB-Dataset="3398" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5714564" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b851f83-a5d0-4e03-a1ba-95c846dd3a31" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714564" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633636969730" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="FC03440BFFE6FF86EA9D406CF739F5E8" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Viverridae_0174.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Viverra megaspila Blyth 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="178" masterDocId="003A3C73FFE2FF82EF1B4367FFD3FFCB" masterDocTitle="Viverridae" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="174" pageNumber="178" updateTime="1699458846273" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="3B6D46E4BF5BAC56393FDEFA2323F0E0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6CE2B07BD81C58A6B3DEB66427FD4120">
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<mods:title id="331CA270E6E7CF02815944E218A16CA4">Viverridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D9E39E89A37A30A016E8F5E8B15D3122" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="79410D9066B03F23761F71D1F882239C">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="76875A15E18D9C7FED79AE0B19EF563B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3F1A5D2C169AFD6C0FBEB1B726657A84">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EBB00B3CA56E3FA02890EF36EFCF794D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6F44180933ABA643630D9208DEA45FDF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="CF0079EC2823BCBF4EFEB235A699C84B">2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="3D1707F6E81D3F92F79982AF0EB5F4CB" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="A466D751852589C824291244B3BF26A8">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="1FAB6D094466A15D4CE82FE260CDD331">
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<mods:placeTerm id="0C05CACE97A95C9E62B9E0DC1CF91D5B">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3CA0CE9D87E4EAD0EB7E8DA1698BC078">
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<mods:title id="C8ED9C93842AA7EDD66B7B19B521C0A3">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6EDB1B2CFF432C7CD7F38494813DB66A">
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<mods:start id="4D62A10EBCC9DCC750EE600B53E8C560">174</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="8845B724AE56478D87F92C0AF8D415FB" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FC03440BFFE6FF86EA9D406CF739F5E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714834" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190309754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714834" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC03440BFFE6FF86EA9D406CF739F5E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC03440BFFE6FF86EA9D406CF739F5E8" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA9D406CFA75FCF2" box="[1414,1446,779,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA9D406CFA75FCF2" blockId="4.[1412,2353,779,867]" box="[1414,1446,779,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86EA9D406CFA75FCF2" box="[1414,1446,779,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<figureCitation id="EC91E998FFE6FF86EA9D406CFA75FCF2" box="[1414,1446,779,825]" captionStart="Plate 12: Viverridae" captionStartId="2.[142,172,3439,3460]" captionTargetBox="[11,2786,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Small Indian Civet (Viverricula indica), 2. African Civet (Civettictis civetta), 3. Malabar Civet (Viverra civettina), 4. Large-spotted Civet (Viverra megaspila), 5. Malay Civet (Viverra tangalunga), 6. Large Indian Civet (Viverra zibetha)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375757/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">4.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EAAC406CF898FCF2" box="[1463,1867,779,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EAAC406CF898FCF2" blockId="4.[1412,2353,779,867]" box="[1463,1867,779,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86EAAC406CF898FCF2" box="[1463,1867,779,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86EAAC406CF898FCF2" box="[1463,1867,779,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Large-spotted Civet</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86E846406CF77BFCF2" box="[1885,2216,779,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E846406CF77BFCF2" blockId="4.[1412,2353,779,867]" box="[1885,2216,779,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86E846406CF77BFCF2" box="[1885,2216,779,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86E846406CF77BFCF2" ID-CoL="5BMZP" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1862" box="[1885,2216,779,825]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megaspila">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86E846406CF77BFCF2" box="[1885,2216,779,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Viverra megaspila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA9D402BF6E3FCAA" box="[1414,2352,844,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA9D402BF6E3FCAA" blockId="4.[1412,2353,779,867]" box="[1414,2352,844,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86EA9D402BF6E3FCAA" box="[1414,2352,844,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EA9D402BFA01FCAA" bold="true" box="[1414,1490,844,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86EAC0402BF900FCAA" box="[1499,1747,844,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Civette a grandes taches</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86E9F3402BF890FCAA" bold="true" box="[1768,1859,844,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86E857402BF7C9FCAA" box="[1868,2074,844,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Grolifleck-Zibetkatze</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86E72B402BF758FCAA" bold="true" box="[2096,2187,844,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86E78F402BF6E3FCAA" box="[2196,2352,844,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Civeta moteada</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86E8F040E9F5E7FC64" box="[2027,2612,910,943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E8F040E9F5E7FC64" blockId="4.[2027,2615,910,1336]" box="[2027,2612,910,943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86E8F040E9F755FC64" bold="true" box="[2027,2182,910,943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86E78040E9F5FCFC64" ID-CoL="5BMZP" authority="Blyth, 1862" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1862" box="[2203,2607,910,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megaspila">Viverra megaspila Blyth, 1862</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86E8F640DEF730FC1D" box="[2029,2275,953,982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E8F640DEF730FC1D" blockId="4.[2027,2615,910,1336]" box="[2029,2275,953,982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<materialsCitation id="C4C2FF40FFE6FF86E8F640DEF730FC1D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712312317" box="[2029,2275,953,982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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Prome,
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE6FF86E74040DEF70CFC1D" box="[2139,2271,953,982]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86E8F74087F75AFBB8" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E8F74087F75AFBB8" blockId="4.[2027,2615,910,1336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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The Malabar Civet (
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86E6084087F67BFC36" box="[2323,2472,992,1021]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ciwettina">V. ciwettina</taxonomicName>
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) was previously included in
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86E6174764F67FFBEF" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1862" box="[2316,2476,1027,1060]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megaspila">V. megaspila</taxonomicName>
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, but they are now believed to be separate species. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86E8F7471DF6BDFB09" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="distribution">
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<caption id="20D5A595FFE6FF86E8F7471DF6BDFB09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5714572/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" targetBox="[1413,2000,920,1331]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E8F7471DF6BDFB09" blockId="4.[2027,2615,910,1336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86E8F7471DF748FB50" bold="true" box="[2028,2203,1146,1179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Distribution.</emphasis>
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S
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE6FF86E7CB471DF6F7FB50" box="[2256,2340,1146,1179]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">China</collectingCountry>
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and Mainland SE Asia to Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE6FF86E7E847C2F6B9FB09" box="[2291,2410,1189,1218]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86E8F747A2F5E7F894" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86E8F747A2F5E7F894" blockId="4.[2027,2615,910,1336]" lastBlockId="4.[1412,2615,1342,2595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86E8F747A2F73BFB2D" bold="true" box="[2028,2280,1221,1254]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 72-85 cm, tail 30-36.
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE6FF86E7664793F710FADA" box="[2173,2243,1268,1297]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
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, hindfoot 13-13.
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE6FF86E6AF4793F629FADA" box="[2484,2554,1268,1297]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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, ear 4.5-4.
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE6FF86E7584675F75EFAF3" box="[2115,2189,1298,1336]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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; weight 8-9 kg. A large civet with conspicuous black and white bands on the throat and sides of the neck. The coat varies from gray to buff, with large black spots on the flanks, thighs, and hindlegs. A black crest of erectile hairs runs along the back and continues as a dorsal black line to the tip of the tail; the length of the crest hairs varies from
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE6FF86E7F946DFF677FA1E" box="[2274,2468,1464,1493]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50 to 100 mm</quantity>
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(mean
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE6FF86E50D46DFFA11FA36" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
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). The basal half of the tail has four or five incomplete dark rings; the terminal end is more or less completely dark. The head is more massive, and the muzzle is longer and more swollen, than in the Large Indian Civet. The feet are brown; there are small rounded metacarpal pads and no metatarsal pads. There are two pairs of teats. The skull resembles that of the Large Indian Civet, but has larger auditory bullae, a more inflated post-orbital constriction, and smaller post-orbital processes located behind the midpoint of the total length of the skull. The long axis of the sub-orbital foramina is horizontal. The dentition is similar to that of the Large Indian Civet, but with a longer maxillary toothrow and smaller canines and incisors. Dental formula: I 3/3, C 1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. Differs from the Malabar Civet by having smaller cheek teeth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA9D4402F7CEF866" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA9D4402F7CEF866" blockId="4.[1412,2615,1342,2595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EA9D4402FA26F84D" bold="true" box="[1414,1525,1893,1926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary evergreen and deciduous forest, and disturbed forest. Found up to
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE6FF86EA9C44F7FA0EF866" box="[1415,1501,1936,1965]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</quantity>
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, but most records are from below
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE6FF86E8D944F7F7CBF866" box="[1986,2072,1936,1965]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA9D44D3F8AAF81E" box="[1414,1913,1972,2005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA9D44D3F8AAF81E" blockId="4.[1412,2615,1342,2595]" box="[1414,1913,1972,2005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EA9D44D3F958F81E" bold="true" box="[1414,1675,1972,2005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Nothing known.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA9F44BCF628F837" box="[1412,2555,2011,2044]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA9F44BCF628F837" blockId="4.[1412,2615,1342,2595]" box="[1412,2555,2011,2044]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EA9F44BCF9BCF837" bold="true" box="[1412,1647,2011,2044]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Camera-trapping data and sightings indicate that it is nocturnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA9D4B61F658F7E8" box="[1414,2443,2054,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA9D4B61F658F7E8" blockId="4.[1412,2615,1342,2595]" box="[1414,2443,2054,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EA9D4B61F793F7E8" bold="true" box="[1414,2112,2054,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Terrestrial and solitary.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA9D4B4DF929F780" box="[1414,1786,2090,2123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA9D4B4DF929F780" blockId="4.[1412,2615,1342,2595]" box="[1414,1786,2090,2123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EA9D4B4DF9DFF780" bold="true" box="[1414,1548,2090,2123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Nothing known.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA9C4B36F687F61F" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA9C4B36F687F61F" blockId="4.[1412,2615,1342,2595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EA9C4B36F93DF7B9" bold="true" box="[1415,1774,2129,2162]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. Listed as Threatened in the 1989 IUCN Action Plan for the Conservation of Mustelids and Viverrids. Known only from a few records and almost nothing is known aboutits habits. Habitat loss poses a major threat. Throughout
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE6FF86E8A34BA0F79BF723" box="[1976,2120,2247,2280]" country="Botswana" name="South East" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">South-east</collectingRegion>
|
||
Asia, large areas of lowland forest have been cleared or degraded, through logging and conversion to other land uses. This species is also vulnerable to hunting, particularly with snares. This occurs in much of its range, with snare trapping found even in some protected areas. Field surveys and ecological studies are needed to determineits distribution and to learn more aboutits natural history and conservation requirements. Lowland forests need to be protected, hunting pressures reduced, and the threats to this species monitored.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA9C4A84F739F5E8" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA9C4A84F739F5E8" blockId="4.[1412,2615,1342,2595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EA9C4A84F9F2F637" bold="true" box="[1415,1569,2531,2556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Corbet & Hill (1992), Duckworth (1994, 1997), Khounboline (2005), Lekagul & McNeely (1991), Lynam et al. (2005), Pocock (1933a), Schreiber et al. (1989), Wozencraft (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |