276 lines
26 KiB
XML
276 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035" ID-GBIF-Dataset="71d0f8e1-34d4-4be1-83fc-c60fc8b2be2d" ID-PMC="PMC8062386" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1031-183" ID-Pensoft-UUID="091EDCFF65A65B93AECA39AC32A1C79F" ID-PubMed="33958913" ID-ZooBank="1014D0C2C459448CA15E69084DD2039E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1031-183" checkinTime="1618544342754" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Decaens, Thibaud, Beneluz, Frederic, Ballesteros-Mejia, Liliana, Bonilla, Diego & Rougerie, Rodolphe" docDate="2021" docId="E8735EB10D5C508EA5C21B4159BF150F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1031: 183-204" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1031" docPubDate="2021-04-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035" docTitle="Automeris llaneros Decaens, Rougerie & Bonilla 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="790F11B2-06F1-4CCF-9AA1-423401D11432" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="091EDCFF65A65B93AECA39AC32A1C79F" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="091EDCFF65A65B93AECA39AC32A1C79F" masterDocTitle="Description of three new species of Automeris Huebner, 1819 from Colombia and Brazil (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae, Hemileucinae)" masterLastPageNumber="204" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="183" updateTime="1668150145509" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of three new species of Automeris Huebner, 1819 from Colombia and Brazil (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae, Hemileucinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Decaens, Thibaud</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-3882</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">thibaud.decaens@cefe.cnrs.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beneluz, Frederic</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Socie ́ te ́ entomologique Antilles-Guyane (SEAG), 18, Lotissement Amaryllis, F- 97354 Remire-Montjoly, French Guiana</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ballesteros-Mejia, Liliana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-8652</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite (ISYEB), Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Univ des Antilles, Paris, France & CESAB, Centre de Synthese et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversite, Montpellier, France & Grupo de Investigacion Diseno, Imagen y Comunicacion. Facultad de Creacion y Comunicacion. Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bonilla, Diego</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tapuragua Reserva Natural de la sociedad civil, Yopal, Casanare, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rougerie, Rodolphe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0937-2815</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite (ISYEB), Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Univ des Antilles, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-04-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1031</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>183</mods:start>
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<mods:end>204</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1031-183</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1014D0C2C459448CA15E69084DD2039E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">091EDCFF65A65B93AECA39AC32A1C79F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="taxonomic account">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181019300" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:790F11B2-06F1-4CCF-9AA1-423401D11432" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8735EB10D5C508EA5C21B4159BF150F" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/790F11B2-06F1-4CCF-9AA1-423401D11432" authority="Decaëns, Rougerie & Bonilla" authorityName="Decaens, Rougerie & Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris llaneros" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="llaneros" status="sp. nov.">
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Automeris llaneros
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Decaëns">Decaens</normalizedToken>
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, Rougerie & Bonilla
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="183">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of the new species of Automeris spp. A dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ B dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ C dorsal view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ D dorsal view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂ E ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ F Ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ G ventral view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ H ventral view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figures 1D, H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Genitalia ♂ of the new species of Automeris spp. A A. mineros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0549) B A. belemensis sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-INCT 1136) C A. llaneros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0712). For each species, the dorsal and ventral views of the genitalia, and the dorsal and lateral views of the aedeagus are represented from the left to the right. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532102" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">, 2C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Holotype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Colombia • ♂ (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of the new species of Automeris spp. A dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ B dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ C dorsal view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ D dorsal view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂ E ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ F Ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ G ventral view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ H ventral view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">1D, H</figureCitation>
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); Casanare, Orocue;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.7943" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.7943">4.7943°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="71.3353" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-71.3353">71.3353°W</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation: 150 m; Aug. 1999; at MV light; TD and DB leg.; BOLD SampleID: BC-Dec0711; deposited in the IAvH.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Paratype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Colombia • 1 ♂; Meta, Carimagua research station;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.5716" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.5716">4.5716°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="71.3320" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-71.332">71.3320°W</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation: 170 m; July 1999; at MV light; TD and DB leg.; BOLD SampleID: BC-Dec0712; deposited in CTD.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Decaens, Rougerie & Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris llaneros" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="llaneros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris llaneros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is phenotypically very similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cinctistriga" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="cinctistriga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. cinctistriga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from which it is quite difficult to distinguish based on wing patterns alone. However, the two known specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. llaneros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="llaneros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. llaneros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. have less elongated forewings with less acute apices than most of the examined specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cinctistriga" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="cinctistriga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. cinctistriga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The background colour of the forewing is also duller in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. llaneros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="llaneros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. llaneros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., less orange, and the ante- and postmedian lines are finer, beige instead of yellow, and contrasting much less markedly with the general colour of the wings. Finally, the distance between the ante- and postmedian lines at the point where they join the anal edge of the forewings seems greater in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. llaneros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="llaneros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. llaneros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (1 cm in the two known specimens) than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cinctistriga" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="cinctistriga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. cinctistriga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(4-7 mm). The DNA barcodes of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. llaneros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="llaneros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. llaneros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. are assigned to a different BIN than those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cinctistriga" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="cinctistriga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. cinctistriga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see discussion), and the two species are very clearly separated in the DNA barcode tree, bringing additional support to their treatment as two distinct species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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DNA barcodes place
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. llaneros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="llaneros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. llaneros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. near
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belizonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belizonensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belizonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. fieldi" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="fieldi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. fieldi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the NJ tree (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Neighbour joining tree (K 2 P distances) built from DNA barcodes (COI) of specimens from the three new species of Automeris and their closest relatives. The labels of the terminal branches successively give the following information: sample ID code in the Barcode of Life Data system, country, and exact collecting site when available, Barcode Identification Number (BIN) automatically assigned to each sequence in BOLD. All specimens of A. lemensis and one of A. bilinea have no BIN number due to the short length of their COI sequences." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532104" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">4</figureCitation>
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). This proximity seems to be confirmed by the examination of the male genitalia, whose bifid protuberance of the uncus is strongly developed, exceeding the tip of the valves, as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (described here),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belizonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belizonensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belizonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. fieldi" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="fieldi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. fieldi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Lemaire, C" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) (A) Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B17" refString="Lemaire, C, 1971. Revision du genre Automeris Huebner et des genres voisins. Biogeographie, ethologie, morphologie, taxonomie (Lep. Attacidae). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) (A) Zoologie 68: 1 - 232" title="Revision du genre Automeris Huebner et des genres voisins. Biogeographie, ethologie, morphologie, taxonomie (Lep. Attacidae)." volume="68" year="1971">Lemaire 1971</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Brechlin, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomo-Satsphingia" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="5 - 89" refId="B1" refString="Brechlin, R, Meister, F, 2014. Neu taxa der Gattung Automeris Huebner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomo-Satsphingia 4 (1): 5 - 89" title="Neu taxa der Gattung Automeris Huebner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)." volume="4" year="2014">Brechlin and Meister 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). In comparison,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cinctistriga" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="cinctistriga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. cinctistriga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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generally presents a less developed and less deeply indented uncus (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lemaire, C" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) (A) Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B17" refString="Lemaire, C, 1971. Revision du genre Automeris Huebner et des genres voisins. Biogeographie, ethologie, morphologie, taxonomie (Lep. Attacidae). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) (A) Zoologie 68: 1 - 232" title="Revision du genre Automeris Huebner et des genres voisins. Biogeographie, ethologie, morphologie, taxonomie (Lep. Attacidae)." volume="68" year="1971">Lemaire 1971</bibRefCitation>
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). The new species is also easily distinguished from these close relatives based on its wing shape and patterns. For instance,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belizonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belizonensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belizonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has more elongated forewings with more pointed apex, and an overall more vivid and orange colouring.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Decaens, Rougerie & Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris mineros" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris mineros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. also has a very different coloration, notably due to the contrasting orange-red periocellar area of the hindwings. Finally,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. fieldi" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="fieldi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. fieldi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a species occurring from the Pacific slopes of the Andes to Costa Rica (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution maps of Automeris species within the subgroup of A. bilinea, based on georeferenced records collected from BOLD, and known geographic distribution of the three new species of Automeris spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532103" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">3</figureCitation>
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) and probably north to Honduras (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bénéluz">Beneluz</normalizedToken>
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, pers. comm.), stands out again by the slightly more elongated shape of the forewings, but also by the presence of a continuous ring of black scales external to the eyespot of the hindwings, which is lacking in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. llaneros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="llaneros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. llaneros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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♂ (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of the new species of Automeris spp. A dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ B dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ C dorsal view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ D dorsal view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂ E ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ F Ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ G ventral view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ H ventral view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">1D, H</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Wingspan</emphasis>
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: 72-74 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Head</emphasis>
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: Dark brown, labial palpi and antennae brown.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Thorax</emphasis>
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: dorsally dark brown and ventrally light brown; legs light brown.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: dorsally orange brown, ventrally light brown.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Forewings</emphasis>
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: Length 32-35 mm, slightly elongated, slightly prominent apex, straight to slightly convex outer border; dorsal ground colour dull orange brown; antemedial line thin and beige, doubled with a brown line proximally; postmedial line slightly convex, barely visible as it reaches the costal margin 2-3 mm from the apex, thin and beige, distally bordered by dark brown scales; basal and median areas concolorous; discocellular mark of the median area rectangular, darker than the surrounding wing surface, with three clearly visible dark brown spots at corners and one faint central spot. Ventral side yellow brown, with darker postmedial and premarginal lines, and a large black discocellular mark, marked in its centre by a white discal spot; venation marked with orange scales.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Hindwings</emphasis>
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: Basomedian area dull orange suffused by dark brown scales, with a large eyespot in its centre formed by, from its centre: an almost completely white small pupil, suffused with few black scales, a large grey brown iris, surrounded by a large black ring and then a thinner yellow ring (in paratype specimen we observed a few black scales external to this outer yellow ring of the eyespot); postmedial line black, lunular, bordered proximally and distally by thin lines of yellow scales; postmedian area dull orange; marginal band large and grey. Ventral side uniformly orange brown, with a weak oblique postmedial line interrupted before it reaches the costal margin, a vestigial premarginal line forming darker U-shaped marks between veins, and a small white discal point.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Female</emphasis>
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unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Genitalia</emphasis>
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♂ (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Genitalia ♂ of the new species of Automeris spp. A A. mineros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0549) B A. belemensis sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-INCT 1136) C A. llaneros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0712). For each species, the dorsal and ventral views of the genitalia, and the dorsal and lateral views of the aedeagus are represented from the left to the right. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532102" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">2C</figureCitation>
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): very similar to those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Uncus elongated, large and strongly bifid apically, largely extending beyond the valves. Valves relatively short, rounded, with a broad, rounded dorsal lobe; arms short and strongly curved. Median plate of the gnathos highly sclerotised, as wide as the saccus and subrectangular. Saccus well developed, triangular and acute anteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Decaens, Rougerie & Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris llaneros" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="llaneros">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris llaneros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is only known from the region of Carimagua and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Orocué">Orocue</normalizedToken>
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, in the Colombian part of the Orinoco watershed, the so called "Llanos Orientales" of Colombian Eastern Plains (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution maps of Automeris species within the subgroup of A. bilinea, based on georeferenced records collected from BOLD, and known geographic distribution of the three new species of Automeris spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532103" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">3</figureCitation>
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). The region has been poorly investigated for saturniid diversity but is known to host a few endemics whose exact distributions need to be clarified (see for example
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<bibRefCitation author="Decaens, T" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" refId="B3" refString="Decaens, T, Bonilla, D, Naumann, S, 2005. Dirphia carimaguensis, a new Hemileucinae from the Eastern Plains of Colombia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea (Nuremberg, Germany), suppl.15: 13-21." title="Dirphia carimaguensis, a new Hemileucinae from the Eastern Plains of Colombia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea (Nuremberg, Germany), suppl. 15: 13 - 21." year="2005">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Decaëns">Decaens</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">This species is named in reference to the Llanos region, which refer to the large area of savannahs that cover most of the Colombian and Venezuelan Orinoco watershed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</subSection>
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</document> |