1251 lines
144 KiB
XML
1251 lines
144 KiB
XML
<document id="1D691730AC9DB5509470CB9CEB5A9C89" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="06b6d362-1aad-4429-8bce-9bd2f7c4287e" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3701692" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6530B0E7-8731-43B9-B0A0-5599462F7C5F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583776203709" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Hunt, Robert M. & Yatkola, Jr Daniel A." docDate="2020" docId="CE7E87FD0961FFC4FEB02ED6FA67FD04" docLanguage="en" docName="GEODIVERSITAS.42.5.57-67.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 42 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cynelos stenos Hunt & Yatkola 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="82B04120-7E1C-4CB2-ACD3-5C773281F85C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="3247FF850965FFCDFFE92F21FFD7FA0A" masterDocTitle="A new species of the amphicyonid carnivore Cynelos Jourdan, 1862 from the early Miocene of North America" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1698726192551" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="3223CBBB1BD40F29D3706AC72942C4E7">A new species of the amphicyonid carnivore Cynelos Jourdan, 1862 from the early Miocene of North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DA4D11B93AB0A048C8EF9DB1A463EA1F">Hunt, Robert M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD2FCD6C4401E37EC175E36AD3656B87">Yatkola, Jr Daniel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="70F43D492D0D897C19266DD33891FE04">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5765E6D8D1946B1E5A61F86F4B3DE4E9">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="10ADC761DF550A18EE4286902F15994E">
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<mods:date id="13C8E99280FFF60919B120A12F15601C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0C7B25DA2C958A8A5871DBF21660EEC7">2020-03-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A8A6CF0021C6978A7AAC100A98039927">42</mods:number>
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<treatment id="CE7E87FD0961FFC4FEB02ED6FA67FD04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3705596" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162467402" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3705596" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:82B04120-7E1C-4CB2-ACD3-5C773281F85C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE7E87FD0961FFC4FEB02ED6FA67FD04" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="0ECD65600961FFC9FEB02ED6FDE5F819" box="[345,562,503,531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FEB02ED6FDE5F819" blockId="4.[345,562,503,563]" box="[345,562,503,531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="1D2081870961FFC9FEB02ED6FDE5F819" box="[345,562,503,531]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FEB02ED6FE27F818" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[345,496,503,530]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FEB02ED6FE27F818" bold="true" box="[345,496,503,530]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F9057820961FFC9FE1E2ED8FDE5F819" box="[503,562,505,531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0ECD65600961FFC9FE8A2D39FCD0F869" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FE8A2D39FDFFF839" blockId="4.[345,562,503,563]" box="[355,552,536,563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="DEEC2A6E0961FFC9FE832D39FE14F838" box="[362,451,536,563]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStartId-0="6.[132,143,1482,1499]" captionStartId-1="7.[132,143,1175,1192]" captionStartId-2="8.[132,143,886,903]" captionStartId-3="8.[132,143,1625,1642]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1418,215,1438]" captionTargetBox-1="[272,635,217,1131]" captionTargetBox-2="[242,1345,215,844]" captionTargetBox-3="[363,1224,961,1582]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[170,1418,214,1438]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[239,667,213,1185]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[242,1345,215,844]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[363,1224,961,1582]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIG. 3. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Cranium in right lateral view (A) and in ventral view (B). Scale bars: 5 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 4. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723,Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Cranium in dorsal view. Note the narrow cranium, constricted rostrum, broad frontal region, and tall thin sagittal crest above the small braincase. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 5. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Right and left associated mandibles. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 6. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Palatal view of the cranium with right P2-M3 (broken P1) and left P3-M3, partial P2, and P1 alveolus. Plant roots have eroded the enamel on the right M1-M2. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701700" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701702" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701704" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701706" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3701700/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3701702/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3701704/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3701706/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Figs 3-6</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="0B5503500961FFC9FE262D39FDC8F838" box="[463,543,536,562]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[132,143,997,1014]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements (in mm) of length and width of the lower teeth of Cynelos stenos n. sp. (UNSM 44723, holotype): upper row, right dentition; lower row, left dentition. Distal width is measured for premolars; trigonid width for m1-3." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FF6D2D71FCD0F869" blockId="4.[132,775,592,611]" box="[132,775,592,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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<uri id="32463AE90961FFC9FF6D2D71FCD0F869" box="[132,775,592,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="32710C3E0961FFC9FEB62D71FCD0F869" box="[351,775,592,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">82B04120-7E1C-4CB2-ACD3-5C773281F85C</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0ECD65600961FFC9FF6D2DACFE61F8DE" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FF6D2DACFE24F8AF" blockId="4.[132,499,652,677]" box="[132,499,652,677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="66C711C50961FFC9FF6D2DACFE24F8AF" box="[132,499,652,677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FF662DADFF02F8AE" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[143,213,652,676]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FF662DADFF02F8AE" box="[143,213,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n. sp. II” –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C77610FA0961FFC9FEA32DACFE38F8AF" author="HUNT R. M. & JR" box="[330,495,653,677]" page="211" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0961FFC9FEA32DACFE38F8AF" author="HUNT R. M. & JR" box="[330,495,653,677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" pagination="196 - 227" refId="ref7669" refString="HUNT R. M. JR 1998. - Amphicyonidae, in JANIS C., SCOTT K. & JACOBS L. (eds), Tertiary Mammals of North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York: 196 - 227." type="book chapter" year="1998">Hunt 1998: 211</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FF6D2D9DFE61F8DE" blockId="4.[132,438,700,724]" box="[132,438,700,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="66C711C50961FFC9FF6D2D9DFE61F8DE" box="[132,438,700,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FF6D2D9DFF1DF8DE" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[132,202,700,724]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FF6D2D9DFF1DF8DE" box="[132,202,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. B –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C77610FA0961FFC9FEF32D9CFE65F8DE" author="HUNT R. M. & JR" box="[282,434,700,724]" page="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" year="2002">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0961FFC9FEF32D9CFE65F8DE" author="HUNT R. M. & JR" box="[282,434,700,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref7715" refString="HUNT R. M. JR 2002. - New amphicyonid carnivorans (Mammalia, Daphoeninae) from the early Miocene of southeastern Wyoming. American Museum Novitates 3385: 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2002) 385 <0001: NACMDF> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Hunt 2002: 35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0ECD65600961FFC9FF6D2DCAFCD1F9B7" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FF6D2DCAFCD1F9B7" blockId="4.[132,775,747,957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F6BF3CB60961FFC9FF6D2DCAFCD1F9B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575007701" collectionCode="UNSM" collectorName="D. A. Yatkola & William Rovnak" location="Nebraska" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="44723" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nebraska" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="996C88490961FFC9FF6D2DCAFF3DF90B" box="[132,234,747,770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
. —
|
||
<collectionCode id="20C6AE2E0961FFC9FEFE2DCDFE88F90E" box="[279,351,748,772]" collectionName="USA, Nebraska, Lincoln, University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">UNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="16719E900961FFC9FE8F2DCDFE72F90E" box="[358,421,748,772]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">44723</specimenCode>
|
||
, a cranium and associated mandibles, with both left and right upper and lower dentition (P1-M3: p1-m3); the left P1-p1 each represented by a single alveolus; the left upper and right lower canines; left
|
||
<date id="3269102B0961FFC9FE8C2C1AFEAEF959" box="[357,377,827,851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">I2</date>
|
||
and left
|
||
<date id="3269102B0961FFC9FE242C1AFE32F959" box="[461,485,827,851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">i3.</date>
|
||
A partial femur and fragments are attributed to the cranial material. Collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="EB22533D0961FFC9FDB72C77FD0AF967" box="[606,733,853,878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">D. A. Yatkola</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="EB22533D0961FFC9FF6D2C51FECBF982" box="[132,284,880,904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">William Rovnak</collectorName>
|
||
, University of Nebraska State Museum. Daniel Yatkola discovered
|
||
<collectionCode id="20C6AE2E0961FFC9FF0E2CAAFEF9F9A9" box="[231,302,907,931]" collectionName="USA, Nebraska, Lincoln, University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">UNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="16719E900961FFC9FEDB2CAAFEB9F9A9" box="[306,366,907,931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">44723</specimenCode>
|
||
during his doctoral study of the Miocene stratigraphy and mammalian fauna of northwest
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8413F8090961FFC9FDF72C84FDA3F9B7" box="[542,628,933,957]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0961FFC9FD682C84FD2EF9B7" author="YATKOLA D. A." box="[641,761,933,957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref8095" refString="YATKOLA D. A. 1978. - Tertiary Stratigraphy of the Niobrara River valley, Marsland Quadrangle, Western Nebraska. Nebraska Geological Survey Paper. Vol. 19: Conservation & Survey Division, University of Nebraska, Lincoln: 1 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1978">Yatkola 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="12A866630961FFC9FCC42C14FB2BF9BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701694" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3701694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701694/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" startId="4.[813,824,821,838]" targetBox="[853,1412,233,785]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FCC42C14FB2BF9BD" blockId="4.[813,1457,821,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<subScript id="DA5334AE0961FFC9FCC42C14FC92F94C" attach="left" box="[813,837,821,838]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">FIG</subScript>
|
||
. 1. — Dental measurements for species of the amphicyonid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FACA2C14FC8DF956" authority="Jourdan, 1862" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FACA2C14FAB3F94C" box="[1315,1380,821,838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
||
Jourdan, 1862
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FC342C6AFC3FF956" bold="true" box="[989,1000,843,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
|
||
, greatest length of P4 from mesial base of paracone to distal limit of metastylar blade;
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FBDA2C43FBE9F979" bold="true" box="[1075,1086,866,883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">b</emphasis>
|
||
, greatest width of P4 from lingual border of protocone to labial base of paracone;
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FBB62C58FBBDF980" bold="true" box="[1119,1130,889,906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">c</emphasis>
|
||
, greatest labial length of M2;
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FABE2C58FAB5F980" bold="true" box="[1367,1378,889,906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">d</emphasis>
|
||
, greatest M2 width from paracone to lingual cingulum;
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FB442CAEFB6FF9AA" bold="true" box="[1197,1208,911,928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">e</emphasis>
|
||
, greatest labial length of M1;
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FCC42C87FCE4F9BD" bold="true" box="[813,819,934,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">f</emphasis>
|
||
, greatest M1 width from paracone to lingual cingulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0ECD65600961FFC9FF6D2CF5FE20FE5C" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FF6D2CF5FE20FE5C" blockId="4.[132,775,980,1110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
ETYMOLOGY. — From the Greek “stenos” (σΤΕΝός) (= narrow). The species nomen emphasizes the narrowness of the skull in dorsal view relative to the broader-skulled large contemporary early Miocene amphicyonids
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FEFC2B05FE05FE36" box="[277,466,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Amphicyon galushai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0961FFC9FE332B05FD86FE36" author="HUNT R. M. & JR" box="[474,593,1060,1084]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" pagination="77 - 115" refId="ref7775" refString="HUNT R. M. JR 2003. - Intercontinental migration of large mammalian carnivores: earliest occurrence of the Old World beardog Amphicyon (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) in North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 13 (279): 77 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2003) 279 <0077: C> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Hunt, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FD6C2B05FCD0FE36" box="[645,775,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Daphoenodon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FF652B1EFF37FE5C" box="[140,224,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Borocyon</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FF062B1FFE90FE5C" box="[239,327,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">robustum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0961FFC9FEBD2B1FFE3CFE5C" author="PETERSON O. A." box="[340,491,1086,1110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" pagination="205 - 278" refId="ref8018" refString="PETERSON O. A. 1910. - Description of new carnivores from the Miocene of western Nebraska. Memoir of the Carnegie Museum 4 (5): 205 - 278. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34978348" type="journal article" year="1910">Peterson, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0ECD65600961FFC9FF6D2B4CFD9AFF5E" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FF6D2B4CFD70FF2F" blockId="4.[132,776,1133,1317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<collectionCode id="20C6AE2E0961FFC9FF6D2B4CFEC2FE89" box="[132,277,1133,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
|
||
. —
|
||
<collectionCode id="20C6AE2E0961FFC9FED72B4FFE5FFE8C" box="[318,392,1134,1158]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">UNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
44723 was found in a basal arkosic sand and gravel channel at the stratotype locality of the Runningwater Formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0961FFC9FF112B82FEA7FEB1" author="COOK H. J." box="[248,368,1187,1211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref7567" refString="COOK H. J. 1965. - Runningwater Formation, Middle Miocene of Nebraska. American Museum Novitates 2227: 1 - 7. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 4666" type="journal article" year="1965">Cook, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Box Butte Co., northwest
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8413F8090961FFC9FD952B82FD0CFEB1" box="[636,731,1187,1211]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The site was designated Runningwater Quarry by its discoverer M. F. Skinner of the American Museum’s Frick Laboratory, and was later reopened by
|
||
<collectionCode id="20C6AE2E0961FFC9FEEE2BD3FE85FF00" box="[263,338,1266,1290]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">UNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
under the direction of Daniel Yatkola. The fauna is conserved in the F:
|
||
<collectionCode id="20C6AE2E0961FFC9FE642A2CFE60FF2F" box="[397,439,1293,1317]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="20C6AE2E0961FFC9FE012A2CFDE5FF2F" box="[488,562,1293,1317]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">UNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
collections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FF6D2A1AFD9AFF5E" blockId="4.[132,589,1339,1364]" box="[132,589,1339,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
GEOLOGICAL AGE. — Early Miocene
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FE192A1CFE28FF5E" box="[496,511,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">c.</emphasis>
|
||
18 Ma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0ECD65600961FFC4FF6D2A55FC16FE07" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FF6D2A55FEC2FF86" blockId="4.[132,776,1396,2030]" box="[132,277,1396,1422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FF6D2AB4FCD0FDE7" blockId="4.[132,776,1396,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FF6D2AB4FECAFFA5" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[132,285,1429,1455]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FF6D2AB4FECAFFA5" box="[132,285,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F9057820961FFC9FECF2AB7FEB1FFBA" box="[294,358,1430,1456]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(UNSM 44723) represents the first occurrence in the North American Miocene of a complete skull of the genus with mandibles in articulation. Only two other skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FEBF2AD4FE71FC05" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[342,422,1525,1551]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FEBF2AD4FE71FC05" box="[342,422,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known in the early Miocene of North America: the skull of
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FE062935FD4DFC24" box="[495,666,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FE062935FD97FC24" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[495,576,1556,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
||
idoneus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(AMNH 20495) from the late Hemingfordian (He2) of western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8413F8090961FFC9FF6D2975FF3BFC64" box="[132,236,1620,1646]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the skull of
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FE462975FD9AFC64" box="[431,589,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FE462975FE28FC64" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[431,511,1620,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
||
malasi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(OCPC 21791) from the latest Arikareean (Ar4) of southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8413F8090961FFC9FD642955FCD3FC84" box="[653,772,1652,1678]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
. No skulls were found with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FE3C29B5FDF2FCA4" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[469,549,1684,1710]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FE3C29B5FDF2FCA4" box="[469,549,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
population sampled from the early Hemingfordian Bridgeport Quarries, western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8413F8090961FFC9FF4629F5FECDFCE4" box="[175,282,1748,1774]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
|
||
, where the genus was represented by over 60 isolated cheek teeth, two maxillae, three mandibles, and numerous postcranials. The skulls attributed to the genus in North America from the early middle Miocene (
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FD552815FD19FD47" box="[700,718,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">c.</emphasis>
|
||
14.8 to 16 Ma) are those of the large early Barstovian
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FD7B2875FCD0FD67" box="[658,775,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">C. sinapius</emphasis>
|
||
from the Olcott Formation, Sioux County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8413F8090961FFC9FDA32852FD66FD87" box="[586,689,1907,1933]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
|
||
, including one (AMNH 18257:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0961FFC9FE4B28B2FD9FFDA7" author="MATTHEW W. D." box="[418,584,1939,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" pagination="59 - 210" refId="ref7915" refString="MATTHEW W. D. 1924. - Third contribution to the Snake Creek fauna. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 50 (2): 59 - 210. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 1312" type="journal article" year="1924">Matthew 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 22-23) very similar in form to the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FE3B2892FDF8FDC7" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[466,559,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FE3B2892FDF8FDC7" box="[466,559,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">C. stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F9057820961FFC9FDDF2895FDA4FDC4" box="[566,627,1972,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
except for its much larger size. Such narrow skulls probably characterize
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FCC42CD7FB40FE3B" blockId="4.[813,1456,1014,1073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
the Miocene species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FBCC2CD7FBA3FE1A" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[1061,1140,1014,1040]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FBCC2CD7FBA3FE1A" box="[1061,1140,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in North America, including the terminal species,
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FBF12B36FB58FE3A" box="[1048,1167,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">C. sinapius</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FCC42B77FBD2FE7A" blockId="4.[813,1456,1110,2029]" box="[813,1029,1110,1136]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FCC42B77FBD2FE7A" box="[813,1029,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Cranium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DEEC2A6E0961FFC9FC742B77FC08FE7A" box="[925,991,1110,1136]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1482,1499]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,215,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[170,1418,214,1438]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Cranium in right lateral view (A) and in ventral view (B). Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701700/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="DEEC2A6E0961FFC9FC072B77FC2BFE7A" box="[1006,1020,1110,1136]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1175,1192]" captionTargetBox="[272,635,217,1131]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[239,667,213,1185]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723,Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Cranium in dorsal view. Note the narrow cranium, constricted rostrum, broad frontal region, and tall thin sagittal crest above the small braincase. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701702/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">4</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FCC42B57FB0BFF25" blockId="4.[813,1456,1110,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">The skull is essentially uncrushed preserving its cranial proportions and a nearly intact dentition except for damaged canines and the loss of incisors. It is exceptional in retaining the basicranial region. The sutures of the cranium remain open in the rostral area but due to age have closed elsewhere or are obscured by breakage.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0961FFC9FCAA2A14FBF4FDE7" blockId="4.[813,1456,1110,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Viewed from above, the cranium is quite narrow compared to the larger contemporary amphicyonid species (
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FCDF2A54FBCFFF85" box="[822,1048,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Amphicyon galushai</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FBC32A54FB12FF85" box="[1066,1221,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Daphoenodon</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FB312A57FB26FF85" box="[1240,1265,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">B.</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FAEC2A54FAB9FF85" box="[1285,1390,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">robustum</emphasis>
|
||
) that possess much broader skulls. Relative to skull length, the rostrum is short and rather constricted at the level of the P2. Behind this constriction the palate broadens to include the crushing dentition comprising the prominent molars and carnassials. At the posterior palatal border, the nasal cavity opens at the nasal choanal aperture into a ventrally open narrow nasopharyngeal fossa (
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0961FFC9FABA2975FA58FC65" box="[1363,1423,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length,
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0961FFC9FC6C2955FC68FC85" box="[901,959,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in width) that continues to the basicranial region.The considerable breadth of both the basicranium and palate contrast with the intervening narrow interorbital area. Within the broad basicranium the auditory regions have been preserved with minimal damage. Despite loss of the ventral floor, the auditory bulla retains a capsular flask-like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FC762812FBC2FD47" box="[927,1045,1843,1869]" form="with" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" rank="form">form with</taxonomicName>
|
||
short bony external auditory meatus that differs from the more plesiomorphic condition of the bulla in the skull of
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FB822852FAEAFD87" box="[1131,1341,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FB822852FB69FD87" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[1131,1214,1907,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
||
lemanensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from St.- Gérand,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EC0767B0961FFC9FC7F28B5FC33FDA4" box="[918,996,1940,1966]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0961FFC9FC1E28B5FAC1FDA4" author="HUNT R. M. & JR & STEPLETON E." box="[1015,1302,1939,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" pagination="891229" refId="ref7851" refString="HUNT R. M. JR & STEPLETON E. 2015. - A skull of the immigrant Eurasian beardog Cynelos (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the early Miocene of southern California. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (1): e 891229 (1 - 19). https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0 2724634.2014. 891229" type="journal article" year="2015">Hunt & Stepleton 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 8). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680961FFC9FCC42892FC59FDC7" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[813,910,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90961FFC9FCC42892FC59FDC7" box="[813,910,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">C. stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F9057820961FFC9FC7E2895FC0FFDC4" box="[919,984,1972,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
bulla was not large,
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0961FFC9FB242892FADFFDC4" box="[1229,1288,1971,1998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in width, and only slightly inflated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="12A866630960FFC8FF6D2C41FDB5F995" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701698" ID-Table-UUID="12A866630960FFC8FF6D2C41FDB5F995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3701698" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A866630960FFC8FF6D2C41FDB5F995" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" startId="5.[132,143,864,881]" targetBox="[152,1423,1095,1332]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0960FFC8FF6D2C41FDB5F995" blockId="5.[132,1456,864,927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<subScript id="DA5334AE0960FFC8FF6D2C41FF4AF97B" attach="left" box="[132,157,864,881]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">FIG</subScript>
|
||
. 2. — Dental measurements for species of the amphicyonid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680960FFC8FD792C41FC84F97B" authority="Jourdan, 1862" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[656,851,864,881]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD792C41FD04F97B" box="[656,723,864,881]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
||
Jourdan, 1862
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FC3C2C41FC37F97B" bold="true" box="[981,992,864,881]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">a</emphasis>
|
||
, greatest length of p4;
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FB762C41FB7DF97B" bold="true" box="[1183,1194,864,881]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">b</emphasis>
|
||
, m1 trigonid length from mesial edge of paraconid to central distal base of protoconid;
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FDBE2C56FDB5F982" bold="true" box="[599,610,887,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">c</emphasis>
|
||
, greatest length of m1;
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FCC42C56FCEFF982" bold="true" box="[813,824,887,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">d</emphasis>
|
||
, greatest width of the m1 talonid (also for m2);
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FB232C56FB02F982" bold="true" box="[1226,1237,887,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">e</emphasis>
|
||
, greatest width of the m1 trigonid (also for m2);
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FED32CAFFE97F995" bold="true" box="[314,320,910,927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">f</emphasis>
|
||
, distal width of p4 (and for p2-p3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07" ID-Table-UUID="12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[152,1423,1095,1332]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07" blockId="5.[132,1457,997,1037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<subScript id="DA5334AE0960FFC8FF6D2CC4FF65F9FD" attach="left" box="[132,178,997,1015]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">TABLE</subScript>
|
||
1. — Measurements (in mm) of length and width of the lower teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680960FFC8FD1B2CC4FCA6F9FC" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[754,881,997,1014]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD1B2CC4FCA6F9FC" box="[754,881,997,1014]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F9057820960FFC8FC9F2CC4FC72F9FC" box="[886,933,997,1014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(UNSM 44723, holotype): upper row, right dentition; lower row, left dentition. Distal width is measured for premolars; trigonid width for m1-3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0960FFC8FF522B66FA54FF38" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<table id="34D7C44B09600032FF712B66FA58FF3E" box="[152,1423,1095,1332]" gridcols="10" gridrows="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FF712B66FA58FE51" box="[152,1423,1095,1115]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FF712B66FF21FE51" box="[152,246,1095,1115]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FF522B66FF04FE51" bold="true" box="[187,211,1095,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">p1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FEFA2B66FEABFE51" box="[275,380,1095,1115]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FED62B66FE8FFE51" bold="true" box="[319,344,1095,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">p2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FE7E2B66FDD7FE51" box="[407,512,1095,1115]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FE2A2B66FE0BFE51" bold="true" box="[451,476,1095,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">p3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FDF22B66FD5DFE51" box="[539,650,1095,1115]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FDA12B66FDB7FE51" bold="true" box="[584,608,1095,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">p4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FD772B66FCD9FE51" box="[670,782,1095,1115]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD202B66FD3FFE51" bold="true" box="[713,744,1095,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">m1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FCCA2B66FC44FE51" box="[803,915,1095,1115]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FCA42B66FCBBFE51" bold="true" box="[845,876,1095,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">m2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FC412B66FBC6FE51" box="[936,1041,1095,1115]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FC382B66FC27FE51" bold="true" box="[977,1008,1095,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">m3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FBAD2B66FB51FE51" box="[1092,1158,1095,1115]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FBA72B66FBABFE51" bold="true" box="[1102,1148,1095,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">p1-4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FB212B66FADCFE51" box="[1224,1291,1095,1115]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FB392B66FAD3FE51" bold="true" box="[1232,1284,1095,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">m1-3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FAA42B66FA58FE51" box="[1357,1423,1095,1115]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FAA42B66FA59FE51" bold="true" box="[1357,1422,1095,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">p2-m2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FF712B4AFA58FE93" box="[152,1423,1131,1177]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FF712B4AFF21FE93" box="[152,246,1131,1177]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
6.3
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FF522B4CFF10FE8A" bold="true" box="[187,199,1133,1152]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
3.7 –
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEFA2B4AFEABFE93" box="[275,380,1131,1177]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
10.3
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FEAB2B4CFE99FE8A" bold="true" box="[322,334,1133,1152]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
4.8 10.3
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FEAB2BA7FE99FE93" bold="true" box="[322,334,1158,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
4.9
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FE7E2B4AFDD7FE93" box="[407,512,1131,1177]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
11.9
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FE2F2B4CFE05FE8A" bold="true" box="[454,466,1133,1152]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
5.5 12.1
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FE2F2BA7FE05FE93" bold="true" box="[454,466,1158,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
5.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FDF22B4AFD5DFE93" box="[539,650,1131,1177]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
16.4
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FDA22B4CFD80FE8A" bold="true" box="[587,599,1133,1152]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
9.1 16.0
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FDA22BA7FD80FE93" bold="true" box="[587,599,1158,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
8.9
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD772B4AFCD9FE93" box="[670,782,1131,1177]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
25.3
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD272B4CFD0DFE8A" bold="true" box="[718,730,1133,1152]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
12.4 25.2
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD272BA7FD0DFE93" bold="true" box="[718,730,1158,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
12.4
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FCCA2B4AFC44FE93" box="[803,915,1131,1177]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
16.5
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FCBB2B4CFC89FE8A" bold="true" box="[850,862,1133,1152]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
12.1 16.4
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FCBB2BA7FC89FE93" bold="true" box="[850,862,1158,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
12.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FC412B4AFBC6FE93" box="[936,1041,1131,1177]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
12.8
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FC3E2B4CFC34FE8A" bold="true" box="[983,995,1133,1152]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
9.7 12.8
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FC3E2BA7FC34FE93" bold="true" box="[983,995,1158,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
9.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FBAD2B4AFB51FE93" box="[1092,1158,1131,1177]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">60.4 –</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FB212B4AFADCFE93" box="[1224,1291,1131,1177]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">53.8 54.6</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FAA42B4AFA58FE93" box="[1357,1423,1131,1177]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">90.0 92.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FF712B9EFA58FEDA" box="[152,1423,1215,1232]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FF712B9EFA58FEDA" box="[152,1423,1215,1232]" colspan="10" colspanRight="9" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Measurements of length and width of the left upper teeth (in mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680960FFC8FC982B9EFC27FEDA" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[881,1008,1215,1232]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FC982B9EFC27FEDA" box="[881,1008,1215,1232]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F9057820960FFC8FC1C2B9EFBF2FEDA" box="[1013,1061,1215,1232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(UNSM 44723, holotype).
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FF712BDAFA58FF05" box="[152,1423,1275,1295]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FF712BDAFF21FF05" box="[152,246,1275,1295]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FF532BDAFF03FF05" bold="true" box="[186,212,1275,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">P1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEFA2BDAFEABFF05" box="[275,380,1275,1295]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FED72BDAFE8FFF05" bold="true" box="[318,344,1275,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">P2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FE7E2BDAFDD7FF05" box="[407,512,1275,1295]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FE2A2BDAFE0AFF05" bold="true" box="[451,477,1275,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">P3</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FDF22BDAFD5DFF05" box="[539,650,1275,1295]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FDAE2BDAFDB6FF05" bold="true" box="[583,609,1275,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">P4</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD772BDAFCD9FF05" box="[670,782,1275,1295]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD202BDAFD3FFF05" bold="true" box="[713,744,1275,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">M1</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FCCA2BDAFC44FF05" box="[803,915,1275,1295]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FCA42BDAFCBAFF05" bold="true" box="[845,877,1275,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">M2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FC412BDAFBC6FF05" box="[936,1041,1275,1295]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FC382BDAFC26FF05" bold="true" box="[977,1009,1275,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">M3</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FBAD2BDAFB51FF05" box="[1092,1158,1275,1295]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FBAD2BDAFB51FF05" bold="true" box="[1092,1158,1275,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">P1-M3</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FB212BDAFADCFF05" box="[1224,1291,1275,1295]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FB212BDAFADCFF05" bold="true" box="[1224,1291,1275,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">P2-M3</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FAA42BDAFA58FF05" box="[1357,1423,1275,1295]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FAA42BDAFA58FF05" bold="true" box="[1357,1423,1275,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">P2-M2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FF712A3FFA58FF3E" box="[152,1423,1310,1332]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FF712A3FFF21FF3E" box="[152,246,1310,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
7.3
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FF282A00FF1AFF3E" bold="true" box="[193,205,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
5.5
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEFA2A3FFEABFF3E" box="[275,380,1310,1332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
11.1
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FEA22A00FE80FF3E" bold="true" box="[331,343,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
4.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FE7E2A3FFDD7FF3E" box="[407,512,1310,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
12.8
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FE262A00FE0CFF3E" bold="true" box="[463,475,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
6.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FDF22A3FFD5DFF3E" box="[539,650,1310,1332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
22.4
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FDA72A00FD8DFF3E" bold="true" box="[590,602,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
14.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD772A3FFCD9FF3E" box="[670,782,1310,1332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
19.2
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD3B2A00FD09FF3E" bold="true" box="[722,734,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
24.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FCCA2A3FFC44FF3E" box="[803,915,1310,1332]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
15.0
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FCBF2A00FCB5FF3E" bold="true" box="[854,866,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
22.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FC412A3FFBC6FF3E" box="[936,1041,1310,1332]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
9.2
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FC3C2A00FC36FF3E" bold="true" box="[981,993,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">×</emphasis>
|
||
14.9
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FBAD2A3FFB51FF3E" box="[1092,1158,1310,1332]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">109.6</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FB212A3FFADCFF3E" box="[1224,1291,1310,1332]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">96.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FAA42A3FFA58FF3E" box="[1357,1423,1310,1332]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">91.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="12A866630960FFC8FE432A7BFB5FFF61" ID-Table-UUID="12A866630960FFC8FE432A7BFB5FFF61" box="[426,1160,1370,1387]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A866630960FFC8FE432A7BFB5FFF61" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[335,1223,1430,1836]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0960FFC8FE432A7BFB5FFF61" blockId="5.[426,1163,1370,1387]" box="[426,1160,1370,1387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Measurements of the cranium (in mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680960FFC8FCE92A7BFCA8FF61" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[768,895,1370,1387]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FCE92A7BFCA8FF61" box="[768,895,1370,1387]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F9057820960FFC8FC6D2A7BFC63FF61" box="[900,948,1370,1387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(UNSM 44723,
|
||
<typeStatus id="996C88490960FFC8FBDE2A7BFB55FF61" box="[1079,1154,1370,1387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0960FFC8FB6E2A7BFB5CFF61" blockId="5.[426,1163,1370,1387]" box="[1159,1163,1370,1387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0960FFC8FEA62AB7FBEBFD26" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<table id="34D7C44B09600032FEA62AB7FB10FD26" box="[335,1223,1430,1836]" gridcols="2" gridrows="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA62AB7FB10FFA0" box="[335,1223,1430,1450]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FEA62AB7FD41FFA0" box="[335,662,1430,1450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Skull length</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509600032FD512AB7FB10FFA0" box="[696,1223,1430,1450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD512AB7FCD2FFA0" box="[696,773,1430,1450]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2399999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="324.0">324 mm</quantity>
|
||
(premaxillary border to tip of inion)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA62A8FFB10FFC8" box="[335,1223,1454,1474]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA62A8FFD41FFC8" box="[335,662,1454,1474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Postorbital length</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD512A8FFB10FFC8" box="[696,1223,1454,1474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD512A8FFD24FFC8" box="[696,755,1454,1474]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
|
||
(postorbital process to tip of inion)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA62AE7FB10FFD0" box="[335,1223,1478,1498]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA62AE7FD41FFD0" box="[335,662,1478,1498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Basilar length of skull</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD512AE7FB10FFD0" box="[696,1223,1478,1498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD512AE7FD24FFD0" box="[696,755,1478,1498]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="29.0">29 cm</quantity>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA62AFFFB10FFF8" box="[335,1223,1502,1522]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA62AFFFD41FFF8" box="[335,662,1502,1522]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Palatal width at P4-M1 embrasure</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD512AFFFB10FFF8" box="[696,1223,1502,1522]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD512AFFFD1EFFF8" box="[696,713,1502,1522]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD262AFFFCC6FFF8" box="[719,785,1502,1522]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FCF52AFFFCF9FFF8" box="[796,814,1502,1522]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FCDD2AFFFCAEFFF8" box="[820,889,1502,1522]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="59.0">59 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FC6B2AFFFC60FFF8" box="[898,951,1502,1522]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
added due to crushing)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA62AD7FB10FC01" box="[335,1223,1526,1547]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA62AD7FD41FC01" box="[335,662,1526,1547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Rostral constriction at P2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD512AD7FB10FC01" box="[696,1223,1526,1547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD512AD6FD1EFC01" box="[696,713,1527,1547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD262AD6FCC6FC01" box="[719,785,1527,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FCF52AD6FCF9FC01" box="[796,814,1527,1547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FCDD2AD6FCAEFC01" box="[820,889,1527,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FC6B2AD6FC60FC01" box="[898,951,1527,1547]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
added due to crushing)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA6292EFB10FC29" box="[335,1223,1551,1571]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA6292EFD41FC29" box="[335,662,1551,1571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Rostral expansion at canines</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD51292EFB10FC29" box="[696,1223,1551,1571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD51292EFD1EFC29" box="[696,713,1551,1571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD26292EFCC6FC29" box="[719,785,1551,1571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FCF5292EFCF9FC29" box="[796,814,1551,1571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FCDD292EFCAEFC29" box="[820,889,1551,1571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FC6B292EFC60FC29" box="[898,951,1551,1571]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
added due to crushing)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA62906FB10FC31" box="[335,1223,1575,1595]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA62906FD41FC31" box="[335,662,1575,1595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Palatal length</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD512906FB10FC31" box="[696,1223,1575,1595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD512906FD24FC31" box="[696,755,1575,1595]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
|
||
(premaxillary border to posterior limit of palatine)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA6291EFB10FC59" box="[335,1223,1599,1619]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA6291EFD41FC59" box="[335,662,1599,1619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Palatal width</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD51291EFB10FC59" box="[696,1223,1599,1619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD51291EFD1EFC59" box="[696,713,1599,1619]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD26291EFCC6FC59" box="[719,785,1599,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="72.0">72 mm</quantity>
|
||
(transverse width including M1s)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA62976FB10FC61" box="[335,1223,1623,1643]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA62976FD41FC61" box="[335,662,1623,1643]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Basioccipital, greatest width</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD512976FB10FC61" box="[696,1223,1623,1643]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD512976FD2EFC61" box="[696,761,1623,1643]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA6294EFB10FC89" box="[335,1223,1647,1667]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA6294EFD41FC89" box="[335,662,1647,1667]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Occipital condylar width</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD51294EFB10FC89" box="[696,1223,1647,1667]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD51294EFD2EFC89" box="[696,761,1647,1667]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA629A6FB10FC91" box="[335,1223,1671,1691]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA629A6FD41FC91" box="[335,662,1671,1691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Frontal width</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD5129A6FB10FC91" box="[696,1223,1671,1691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD5129A6FD2EFC91" box="[696,761,1671,1691]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
(measured between the postorbital processes)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA629BEFB10FCB9" box="[335,1223,1695,1715]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA629BEFD41FCB9" box="[335,662,1695,1715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Sagittal crest</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD5129BEFB10FCB9" box="[696,1223,1695,1715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD5129BEFD2EFCB9" box="[696,761,1695,1715]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
|
||
(height above braincase)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA62996FB10FCC1" box="[335,1223,1719,1739]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA62996FD41FCC1" box="[335,662,1719,1739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Nasal length</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD512996FB10FCC1" box="[696,1223,1719,1739]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD512996FD2EFCC1" box="[696,761,1719,1739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA629F1FB10FCEE" box="[335,1223,1744,1764]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA629F1FD41FCEE" box="[335,662,1744,1764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Maxilla height above P4</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD5129F1FB10FCEE" box="[696,1223,1744,1764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90960FFC8FD5129F1FD1EFCEE" box="[696,713,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD2629F1FCC6FCEE" box="[719,785,1744,1764]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="73.0">73 mm</quantity>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA629C9FB10FCF6" box="[335,1223,1768,1788]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA629C9FD41FCF6" box="[335,662,1768,1788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Preorbital skull length</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD5129C9FB10FCF6" box="[696,1223,1768,1788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD5129C9FCD2FCF6" box="[696,773,1768,1788]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
|
||
(orbital margin to tip of premaxilla
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA62821FB10FD1E" box="[335,1223,1792,1812]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA62821FD41FD1E" box="[335,662,1792,1812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Postorbital skull length</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD512821FB10FD1E" box="[696,1223,1792,1812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD512821FCD2FD1E" box="[696,773,1792,1812]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="208.0">208 mm</quantity>
|
||
(orbital margin to inion)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909600032FEA62839FB10FD26" box="[335,1223,1816,1836]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FEA62839FD41FD26" box="[335,662,1816,1836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Orbital margin to occipital condyle</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509600032FD512839FB10FD26" box="[696,1223,1816,1836]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FD512839FCD2FD26" box="[696,773,1816,1836]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="181.0">181 mm</quantity>
|
||
(measured from lacrimal border)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0960FFCBFF722855FE2CFD24" blockId="5.[132,775,1907,2030]" lastBlockId="6.[132,775,1588,1838]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
In profile the skull has a short, deep rostrum expanded at the canines that slopes gradually upward to the forehead to form a broad frontal region housing inflated frontal sinuses at the level of the postorbital processes. From the frontals the skull roof narrows posteriorly, forming a tall thin sagittal crest
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FC6228B2FC05FDA4" box="[907,978,1939,1966]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FB9028B2FB6BFDA4" box="[1145,1212,1939,1966]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width that reaches its maximum height (
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0960FFC8FBF42892FB80FDC4" box="[1053,1111,1971,1998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
) above the braincase. The crest then tapers to its termination at the inion. The braincase volume is not large and suggests the less developed brain described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0963FFCBFEFA2975FE07FC65" author="RADINSKY L." box="[275,464,1620,1647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref8063" refString="RADINSKY L. 1980. - Endocasts of amphicyonid carnivorans. American Museum Novitates 2694: 1 - 11. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 3529" type="journal article" year="1980">Radinsky (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The greater part of the skull (½
|
||
<superScript id="B1A29BA30963FFCBFF4D2954FF6CFC8C" attach="none" box="[164,187,1653,1670]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">rds</superScript>
|
||
) lies behind orbits that are set low below the frontal region: here what seems an exceptionally narrow and deep interorbital area intervenes between the orbits and the braincase – much of this interval was occupied by the large temporal and pterygoid musculature essential to the feeding mechanics of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="12A866630963FFCBFF6D2AEBFD80FFFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3701700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701700/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" startId="6.[132,143,1482,1499]" targetBox="[170,1418,215,1438]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0963FFCBFF6D2AEBFD80FFFB" blockId="6.[132,1455,1482,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<subScript id="DA5334AE0963FFCBFF6D2AEBFF4AFFD1" attach="left" box="[132,157,1482,1499]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">FIG</subScript>
|
||
. 3. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680963FFCBFF3D2AEBFE85FFD1" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[212,338,1482,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90963FFCBFF3D2AEBFE85FFD1" box="[212,338,1482,1499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F9057820963FFCBFEBE2AEBFE5EFFD1" box="[343,393,1482,1499]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Cranium in right lateral view (
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90963FFCBFF052AC1FF2EFFFB" bold="true" box="[236,249,1504,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
|
||
) and in ventral view (
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90963FFCBFE412AC1FE62FFFB" bold="true" box="[424,437,1504,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bars: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0963FFCBFF6D2872FE90FD64" blockId="6.[132,775,1875,2030]" box="[132,327,1875,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90963FFCBFF6D2872FE90FD64" box="[132,327,1875,1902]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DEEC2A6E0963FFCBFEE82875FEE9FD64" box="[257,318,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,886,903]" captionTargetBox="[242,1345,215,844]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[242,1345,215,844]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Right and left associated mandibles. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701704/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0963FFCBFF6D2852FA67FCE4" blockId="6.[132,775,1875,2030]" lastBlockId="6.[813,1456,1588,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The conjoined mandibles preserve nearly the complete lower dentition; the dentaries are firmly interdigitated at the mandibular symphysis to form an incipient ankylosis in this mature individual. The jaws are elongate (length,
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90963FFCBFDAC28F5FD82FDE7" box="[581,597,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0963FFCBFDB528F2FD74FDE4" box="[604,675,2003,2030]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="23.0">23 cm</quantity>
|
||
: articular condyle to canine) in keeping with the length of the skull and are not especially deep below the teeth (
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0963FFCBFB362975FAFBFC65" box="[1247,1324,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="4.3">4.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
below m2). Behind the rather shallow masseteric fossae are wide articular condyles, set low at the back of the mandible nearly at the level of the toothrow, indicating nearly simultaneous occlusion of carnassials and molars (P4-M3, p4-m3) at jaw closure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0963FFCBFCC42835FB5EFD24" blockId="6.[813,1456,1811,2030]" box="[813,1161,1811,1838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90963FFCBFCC42835FB5EFD24" box="[813,1161,1811,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Upper Dentition (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DEEC2A6E0963FFCBFC002835FBF1FD27" box="[1001,1062,1811,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1625,1642]" captionTargetBox="[363,1224,961,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[363,1224,961,1582]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Palatal view of the cranium with right P2-M3 (broken P1) and left P3-M3, partial P2, and P1 alveolus. Plant roots have eroded the enamel on the right M1-M2. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701706/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="0B5503500963FFCBFBDB2835FB57FD24" box="[1074,1152,1812,1838]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[132,143,997,1014]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements (in mm) of length and width of the lower teeth of Cynelos stenos n. sp. (UNSM 44723, holotype): upper row, right dentition; lower row, left dentition. Distal width is measured for premolars; trigonid width for m1-3." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" tableUuid="12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0963FFCAFCC42812FD1CFF85" blockId="6.[813,1456,1811,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[132,775,1333,2030]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The dentition is fully erupted indicating from its moderate wear a mature adult; the canines and slender rostrum suggest a female. The right canine alveolus (L × W, 21.1 ×
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0963FFCBFAAA2852FA70FD84" box="[1347,1447,1907,1934]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="13.9">13.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) retained the root. The damaged left canine (L × W, 18.2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0963FFCBFCC42892FC43FDC4" box="[813,916,1971,1998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, measured at the base of the enamel) is broken off at the tip but has mesial and distal thin enamel ridges. All incisors were lost except the left I1 (L × W, 6.3 ×
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0962FFCAFD492A14FD2CFF5A" box="[672,763,1333,1360]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
); however, the I3 alveoli are large relative to those for I1-I2 showing that I3 was much larger than the small I1-I2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="12A866630962FFCAFCC42FFAFAFCFB10" ID-Table-UUID="12A866630962FFCAFCC42FFAFAFCFB10" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A866630962FFCAFCC42FFAFAFCFB10" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[814,1435,340,1130]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0962FFCAFCC42FFAFAFCFB10" blockId="7.[813,1455,219,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<subScript id="DA5334AE0962FFCAFCC42FFAFC8DFAE6" attach="left" box="[813,858,219,236]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">TABLE</subScript>
|
||
2. — Measurements (in mm) of the m1 and m2 from
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90962FFCAFACD2FFAFA78FAE6" box="[1316,1455,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680962FFCAFACD2FFAFAB0FAE6" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[1316,1383,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
||
helbingi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0962FFCAFCD82FD3FC4CFB09" author="DEHM R." box="[817,923,242,259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref7604" refString="DEHM R. 1950. - Die Raubtiere aus dem Mittel-Miocan (Burdigalium) von Wintershof-West bei Eichstatt in Bayern. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Mathematisch-natur-wissenschaftliche Klasse) 58: 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1950">Dehm, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Wintershof-West, Bavaria (from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0962FFCAFB5B2FD3FAC4FB09" author="DEHM R." box="[1202,1299,242,259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref7604" refString="DEHM R. 1950. - Die Raubtiere aus dem Mittel-Miocan (Burdigalium) von Wintershof-West bei Eichstatt in Bayern. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Mathematisch-natur-wissenschaftliche Klasse) 58: 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1950">Dehm 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Due to a tapered talonid,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A0962FFCAFC862E28FC0EFB10" author="DEHM R." box="[879,985,265,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref7604" refString="DEHM R. 1950. - Die Raubtiere aus dem Mittel-Miocan (Burdigalium) von Wintershof-West bei Eichstatt in Bayern. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Mathematisch-natur-wissenschaftliche Klasse) 58: 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1950">Dehm (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
measured m2 width across the trigonid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0962FFCAFBCF2E75FA58FE60" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<table id="34D7C44B09620032FCC72E75FA4CFE60" box="[814,1435,340,1130]" gridcols="5" gridrows="32" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72E75FA4CFB62" box="[814,1435,340,360]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2E75FB89FB62" box="[1062,1118,340,360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90962FFCAFBCF2E75FB8FFB62" bold="true" box="[1062,1112,340,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">m1 L</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509620032FB672E75FB1FFB62" box="[1166,1224,340,360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90962FFCAFB672E75FB15FB62" bold="true" box="[1166,1218,340,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">m1W</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509620032FB122E75FAE6FB62" box="[1275,1329,340,360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90962FFCAFB152E75FAF0FB62" bold="true" box="[1276,1319,340,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">m2L</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509620032FA882E75FA4CFB62" box="[1377,1435,340,360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90962FFCAFA882E75FA42FB62" bold="true" box="[1377,1429,340,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">m2W</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72E59FA4CFB86" box="[814,1435,376,396]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2E59FB89FB86" box="[1062,1118,376,396]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">27.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672E59FB1FFB86" box="[1166,1224,376,396]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">13.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122E59FAE6FB86" box="[1275,1329,376,396]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">17.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882E59FA4CFB86" box="[1377,1435,376,396]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">11.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72EB1FA4CFBAE" box="[814,1435,400,420]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2EB1FB89FBAE" box="[1062,1118,400,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">25.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672EB1FB1FFBAE" box="[1166,1224,400,420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">12.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122EB1FAE6FBAE" box="[1275,1329,400,420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">16.9</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882EB1FA4CFBAE" box="[1377,1435,400,420]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72E89FA4CFBB6" box="[814,1435,424,444]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2E89FB89FBB6" box="[1062,1118,424,444]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">25.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672E89FB1FFBB6" box="[1166,1224,424,444]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">12.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122E89FAE6FBB6" box="[1275,1329,424,444]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">16.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882E89FA4CFBB6" box="[1377,1435,424,444]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72EE1FA4CFBDE" box="[814,1435,448,468]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2EE1FB89FBDE" box="[1062,1118,448,468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">25.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672EE1FB1FFBDE" box="[1166,1224,448,468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">12.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122EE1FAE6FBDE" box="[1275,1329,448,468]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">16.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882EE1FA4CFBDE" box="[1377,1435,448,468]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72EF9FA4CFBE6" box="[814,1435,472,492]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2EF9FB89FBE6" box="[1062,1118,472,492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">25.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672EF9FB1FFBE6" box="[1166,1224,472,492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">11.9</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122EF9FAE6FBE6" box="[1275,1329,472,492]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">15.9</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882EF9FA4CFBE6" box="[1377,1435,472,492]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72ED1FA4CF80E" box="[814,1435,496,516]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2ED1FB89F80E" box="[1062,1118,496,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">25.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672ED1FB1FF80E" box="[1166,1224,496,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">11.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122ED1FAE6F80E" box="[1275,1329,496,516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">15.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882ED1FA4CF80E" box="[1377,1435,496,516]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72D29FA4CF816" box="[814,1435,520,540]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2D29FB89F816" box="[1062,1118,520,540]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">25.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672D29FB1FF816" box="[1166,1224,520,540]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">11.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122D29FAE6F816" box="[1275,1329,520,540]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">15.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882D29FA4CF816" box="[1377,1435,520,540]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72D01FA4CF83E" box="[814,1435,544,564]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2D01FB89F83E" box="[1062,1118,544,564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">25.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672D01FB1FF83E" box="[1166,1224,544,564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">11.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122D01FAE6F83E" box="[1275,1329,544,564]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">14.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882D01FA4CF83E" box="[1377,1435,544,564]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72D19FA4CF846" box="[814,1435,568,588]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2D19FB89F846" box="[1062,1118,568,588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">25.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672D19FB1FF846" box="[1166,1224,568,588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">11.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122D19FAE6F846" box="[1275,1329,568,588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">14.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882D19FA4CF846" box="[1377,1435,568,588]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72D71FA4CF86E" box="[814,1435,592,612]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2D71FB89F86E" box="[1062,1118,592,612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">24.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672D71FB1FF86E" box="[1166,1224,592,612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">11.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122D71FAE6F86E" box="[1275,1329,592,612]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">14.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882D71FA4CF86E" box="[1377,1435,592,612]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72D49FA4CF876" box="[814,1435,616,636]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2D49FB89F876" box="[1062,1118,616,636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">24.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672D49FB1FF876" box="[1166,1224,616,636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.9</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122D49FAE6F876" box="[1275,1329,616,636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">14.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882D49FA4CF876" box="[1377,1435,616,636]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72DA0FA4CF89F" box="[814,1435,641,661]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2DA0FB89F89F" box="[1062,1118,641,661]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">24.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672DA0FB1FF89F" box="[1166,1224,641,661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122DA0FAE6F89F" box="[1275,1329,641,661]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">13.9</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882DA0FA4CF89F" box="[1377,1435,641,661]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72DB8FA4CF8A7" box="[814,1435,665,685]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2DB8FB89F8A7" box="[1062,1118,665,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">23.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672DB8FB1FF8A7" box="[1166,1224,665,685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">11.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122DB8FAE6F8A7" box="[1275,1329,665,685]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">13.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882DB8FA4CF8A7" box="[1377,1435,665,685]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">8.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72D90FA4CF8CF" box="[814,1435,689,709]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2D90FB89F8CF" box="[1062,1118,689,709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">23.6</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672D90FB1FF8CF" box="[1166,1224,689,709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122D90FAE6F8CF" box="[1275,1329,689,709]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">13.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882D90FA4CF8CF" box="[1377,1435,689,709]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">8.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72DE8FA4CF8D7" box="[814,1435,713,733]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2DE8FB89F8D7" box="[1062,1118,713,733]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">23.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672DE8FB1FF8D7" box="[1166,1224,713,733]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.9</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122DE8FAE6F8D7" box="[1275,1329,713,733]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">13.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882DE8FA4CF8D7" box="[1377,1435,713,733]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">8.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72DC0FA4CF8FF" box="[814,1435,737,757]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2DC0FB89F8FF" box="[1062,1118,737,757]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">23.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672DC0FB1FF8FF" box="[1166,1224,737,757]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122DC0FAE6F8FF" box="[1275,1329,737,757]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">13.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882DC0FA4CF8FF" box="[1377,1435,737,757]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72DD8FA4CF907" box="[814,1435,761,781]" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2DD8FB89F907" box="[1062,1118,761,781]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">23.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672DD8FB1FF907" box="[1166,1224,761,781]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122DD8FAE6F907" box="[1275,1329,761,781]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">13.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882DD8FA4CF907" box="[1377,1435,761,781]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">8.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72C30FA4CF92F" box="[814,1435,785,805]" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2C30FB89F92F" box="[1062,1118,785,805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">23.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672C30FB1FF92F" box="[1166,1224,785,805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122C30FAE6F92F" box="[1275,1329,785,805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">13.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882C30FA4CF92F" box="[1377,1435,785,805]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72C08FA4CF937" box="[814,1435,809,829]" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2C08FB89F937" box="[1062,1118,809,829]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">23.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672C08FB1FF937" box="[1166,1224,809,829]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122C08FAE6F937" box="[1275,1329,809,829]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">12.9</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882C08FA4CF937" box="[1377,1435,809,829]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">8.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72C60FA4CF95F" box="[814,1435,833,853]" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2C60FB89F95F" box="[1062,1118,833,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">22.9</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672C60FB1FF95F" box="[1166,1224,833,853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122C60FAE6F95F" box="[1275,1329,833,853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">12.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882C60FA4CF95F" box="[1377,1435,833,853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">8.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72C78FA4CF967" box="[814,1435,857,877]" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2C78FB89F967" box="[1062,1118,857,877]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">22.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672C78FB1FF967" box="[1166,1224,857,877]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122C78FAE6F967" box="[1275,1329,857,877]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">12.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882C78FA4CF967" box="[1377,1435,857,877]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">8.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72C50FA4CF98F" box="[814,1435,881,901]" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2C50FB89F98F" box="[1062,1118,881,901]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">22.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672C50FB1FF98F" box="[1166,1224,881,901]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122C50FAE6F98F" box="[1275,1329,881,901]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882C50FA4CF98F" box="[1377,1435,881,901]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72CABFA4CF994" box="[814,1435,906,926]" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2CABFB89F994" box="[1062,1118,906,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">22.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672CABFB1FF994" box="[1166,1224,906,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122CABFAE6F994" box="[1275,1329,906,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882CABFA4CF994" box="[1377,1435,906,926]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72C83FA4CF9BC" box="[814,1435,930,950]" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2C83FB89F9BC" box="[1062,1118,930,950]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">21.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672C83FB1FF9BC" box="[1166,1224,930,950]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.9</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122C83FAE6F9BC" box="[1275,1329,930,950]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882C83FA4CF9BC" box="[1377,1435,930,950]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72C9BFA4CF9C4" box="[814,1435,954,974]" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2C9BFB89F9C4" box="[1062,1118,954,974]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">21.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672C9BFB1FF9C4" box="[1166,1224,954,974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122C9BFAE6F9C4" box="[1275,1329,954,974]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882C9BFA4CF9C4" box="[1377,1435,954,974]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72CF3FA4CF9EC" box="[814,1435,978,998]" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2CF3FB89F9EC" box="[1062,1118,978,998]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">20.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672CF3FB1FF9EC" box="[1166,1224,978,998]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122CF3FAE6F9EC" box="[1275,1329,978,998]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882CF3FA4CF9EC" box="[1377,1435,978,998]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72CCBFA4CFE0E" box="[814,1435,1002,1028]" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2CCBFB89FE0E" box="[1062,1118,1002,1028]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">19.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672CCBFB1FFE0E" box="[1166,1224,1002,1028]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122CCBFAE6FE0E" box="[1275,1329,1002,1028]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882CCBFA4CFE0E" box="[1377,1435,1002,1028]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72B2CFA4CFE2B" box="[814,1435,1037,1057]" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509620032FCC72B2CFC37FE2B" box="[814,992,1037,1057]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">N</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2B2CFB89FE2B" box="[1062,1118,1037,1057]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">27</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672B2CFB1FFE2B" box="[1166,1224,1037,1057]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">27</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122B2CFAE6FE2B" box="[1275,1329,1037,1057]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">21</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882B2CFA4CFE2B" box="[1377,1435,1037,1057]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72B04FA4CFE33" box="[814,1435,1061,1081]" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509620032FCC72B04FC37FE33" box="[814,992,1061,1081]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">mean</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2B04FB89FE33" box="[1062,1118,1061,1081]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">23.75</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672B04FB1FFE33" box="[1166,1224,1061,1081]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.83</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122B04FAE6FE33" box="[1275,1329,1061,1081]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">14.51</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882B04FA4CFE33" box="[1377,1435,1061,1081]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.61</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72B1CFA4CFE5B" box="[814,1435,1085,1105]" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509620032FCC72B1CFC37FE5B" box="[814,992,1085,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">standard deviation</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2B1CFB89FE5B" box="[1062,1118,1085,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">1.71</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672B1CFB1FFE5B" box="[1166,1224,1085,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">0.99</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122B1CFAE6FE5B" box="[1275,1329,1085,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">1.53</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882B1CFA4CFE5B" box="[1377,1435,1085,1105]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">0.98</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A909620032FCC72B77FA4CFE60" box="[814,1435,1110,1130]" gridrow="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD509620032FCC72B77FC37FE60" box="[814,992,1110,1130]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">CV</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FBCF2B77FB89FE60" box="[1062,1118,1110,1130]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB672B77FB1FFE60" box="[1166,1224,1110,1130]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FB122B77FAE6FE60" box="[1275,1329,1110,1130]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD509620032FA882B77FA4CFE60" box="[1377,1435,1110,1130]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="12A866630962FFCAFF6D2BB6FCD0FEE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3701702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701702/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" startId="7.[132,143,1175,1192]" targetBox="[272,635,217,1131]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0962FFCAFF6D2BB6FCD0FEE6" blockId="7.[132,775,1175,1260]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<subScript id="DA5334AE0962FFCAFF6D2BB6FF4AFEA2" attach="left" box="[132,157,1175,1192]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">FIG</subScript>
|
||
. 4. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D680962FFCAFF3A2BB6FE86FEA2" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[211,337,1175,1192]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF90962FFCAFF3A2BB6FE86FEA2" box="[211,337,1175,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F9057820962FFCAFEBF2BB6FE5FFEA2" box="[342,392,1175,1192]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, UNSM 44723,Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Cranium in dorsal view. Note the narrow cranium, constricted rostrum, broad frontal region, and tall thin sagittal crest above the small braincase. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB0962FFCAFF722AB4FB15FDE7" blockId="7.[132,775,1333,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[813,1456,1206,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The P1-P3 are reduced and separated by diastemata. The left P1 is represented by a small circular alveolus and is separated from P2 by
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0962FFCAFED72AF4FE55FFE5" box="[318,386,1493,1520]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The low P2 (L × W, 11.1 ×
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0962FFCAFD402AF4FD28FFE5" box="[681,767,1493,1520]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) has two roots, a single apical cusp with a mesial and more extended distal slope and short distal shelf; the P2-P3 diastema is
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0962FFCAFF3D2914FEFAFC45" box="[212,301,1589,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. P3 has the same form as P2 but is larger (L × W, 12.8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0962FFCAFF152975FE82FC65" box="[252,341,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with a wider distal shelf and a sloping mesial face; the P3-P4 diastema is
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E0962FFCAFE152955FD80FC85" box="[508,599,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The P4 is short relative to the molars; feeding on hard material has blunted the once-sharper paracone and metastylar blade. The small low protocone does not protrude far lingually and is slightly retracted. A thin enamel ridge runs from the P4 paracone to a weak parastyle and there is a weak labial cingulum. The M1-M2 are moderately worn teeth forming a formidable crushing platform together with the small M3. The M1 paracone is larger and although worn was slightly taller than the metacone. A cingulum occupies the labial margin and extends a short distance to the mesial base of the paracone and distal base of the metacone. The cingulum is weak to absent on the mesial and distal sides of the tooth but expands to form a prominent lingual cingulum. The M1 protocone was closer to the mesial border of the tooth and is situated at the lingual apex of the protocone basin. A thin straight mesial enamel ridge extends from the protocone to a weak paraconule at the base of the paracone. A thin slightly curved distal ridge extends from the protocone to the base of the metacone but without a metaconule: the mesial and distal ridges enclose the protocone basin. The M2 is somewhat smaller than M1 – its protocone forms the apex of an arcuate crest but, where the protocone of M1 is nearer the mesial margin of the tooth, the M2 protocone is more centrally situated. The M2 metacone is slightly reduced relative to the paracone. On M2 the straight mesial and curved distal ridges are weaker without evident conules. The M2 protocone is worn as in M1 but where in M1 the mesial ridge ended at the base of the paracone, in M2 the mesial ridge reached the mesial border of the tooth to join the cingulum; there is a weak swelling along the ridge. In occlusal view M1 and M2 both extend lingually to form an enamel platform, each tooth surrounded by a prominent lingual cingulum. The small M3 contacted the distal margin of M2; a small low paracone and much reduced metacone are aligned along its labial side. A shallow basin bordered mesially by a weak ridge lies between protocone and paracone; the distal ridge is absent. The small lingual extension of M3 is surrounded by a marked cingulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="12A86663096DFFC5FF6D2C57FE19F994" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3701704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701704/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" startId="8.[132,143,886,903]" targetBox="[242,1345,215,844]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096DFFC5FF6D2C57FE19F994" blockId="8.[132,1456,886,926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<subScript id="DA5334AE096DFFC5FF6D2C57FF4AF98D" attach="left" box="[132,157,886,903]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">FIG</subScript>
|
||
. 5. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096DFFC5FF3F2C57FE81F98D" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[214,342,886,903]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096DFFC5FF3F2C57FE81F98D" box="[214,342,886,903]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F905782096DFFC5FEB22C57FE59F98D" box="[347,398,886,903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Right and left associated mandibles. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="12A86663096DFFC5FF6D2978FA66FC8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701706" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3701706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701706/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" startId="8.[132,143,1625,1642]" targetBox="[363,1224,961,1582]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096DFFC5FF6D2978FA66FC8B" blockId="8.[132,1457,1625,1665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<subScript id="DA5334AE096DFFC5FF6D2978FF4AFC60" attach="left" box="[132,157,1625,1642]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">FIG</subScript>
|
||
. 6. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096DFFC5FF3C2978FE83FC60" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[213,340,1625,1642]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096DFFC5FF3C2978FE83FC60" box="[213,340,1625,1642]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F905782096DFFC5FEB32978FE5BFC60" box="[346,396,1625,1642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Palatal view of the cranium with right P2-M3 (broken P1) and left P3-M3, partial P2, and P1 alveolus. Plant roots have eroded the enamel on the right M1-M2. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096DFFC5FF6D29F4FE37FCE4" blockId="8.[132,775,1748,2030]" box="[132,480,1748,1774]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096DFFC5FF6D29F4FE37FCE4" box="[132,480,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Lower Dentition (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DEEC2A6E096DFFC5FEA929F4FEAAFCE4" box="[320,381,1748,1774]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,886,903]" captionTargetBox="[242,1345,215,844]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[242,1345,215,844]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Right and left associated mandibles. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701704/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="0B550350096DFFC5FE6329F5FE00FCE4" box="[394,471,1748,1774]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[132,143,997,1014]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements (in mm) of length and width of the lower teeth of Cynelos stenos n. sp. (UNSM 44723, holotype): upper row, right dentition; lower row, left dentition. Distal width is measured for premolars; trigonid width for m1-3." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096DFFC4FF6D29D5FDDDF8FB" blockId="8.[132,775,1748,2030]" lastBlockId="9.[132,776,664,1647]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The incisors in this individual are damaged; however, only i2 and i3 were present in life – the i1s failed to erupt due to marked narrowing of the symphyseal region. The heavily worn left i3 (L × W, 6.8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E096DFFC5FE2C2872FDCAFD64" box="[453,541,1875,1902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) is the only surviving incisor; only the broken root of the left i2 remains. The right i2-i3 alveoli are present and show that the root of i3 extended beneath the root of i2 due to crowding of the incisors in the symphysis –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A096DFFC5FEF928F2FE04FDE7" author="DEHM R." box="[272,467,2003,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref7604" refString="DEHM R. 1950. - Die Raubtiere aus dem Mittel-Miocan (Burdigalium) von Wintershof-West bei Eichstatt in Bayern. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Mathematisch-natur-wissenschaftliche Klasse) 58: 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1950">Dehm (1950: 24)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also observed this in
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096DFFC5FD5628F2FCB2FCE4" box="[703,869,1748,2029]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">C. hel- bingi</emphasis>
|
||
. The well-worn right canine is
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E096DFFC5FB2629F5FAEFFCE4" box="[1231,1336,1748,1774]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="16.4">16.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length,
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E096DFFC5FCC429D5FC47FD04" box="[813,912,1780,1807]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width measured at the base of the enamel. Relative to their evident length, the mandibles are rather gracile and not deep even below the molars. The p1-p3 are much reduced compared to p4 and are separated by diastemata:
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E096DFFC5FCC42852FC45FD84" box="[813,914,1907,1934]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="14.6">14.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
between canine and p1;
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E096DFFC5FB4F2852FB2AFD84" box="[1190,1277,1907,1934]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
between p1-p2;
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E096DFFC5FCC428B2FC54FDA4" box="[813,899,1939,1966]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
between p2-p3;
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E096DFFC5FBD528B2FB45FDA4" box="[1084,1170,1939,1966]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
between p3-p4. The p4 is much larger than p3, and wide distally where it abuts the mesial face of m1. The p2-p3 do not show wear and only the tip of the principal cusp of p4 is slightly worn in contrast to the worn m1-m2 where processing of hard gristle and bone is evident in this mature individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="12A86663096CFFC4FF6D2FFAFCE2FB09" ID-Table-UUID="12A86663096CFFC4FF6D2FFAFCE2FB09" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A86663096CFFC4FF6D2FFAFCE2FB09" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[134,1430,317,577]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096CFFC4FF6D2FFAFCE2FB09" blockId="9.[132,1457,219,259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<subScript id="DA5334AE096CFFC4FF6D2FFAFF65FAE6" attach="left" box="[132,178,219,236]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">TABLE</subScript>
|
||
3. — Measurements (in mm) of length and width of m1 and m2 of
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FD0E2FFAFC5BFAE6" box="[743,908,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FD0E2FFAFCFDFAE6" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[743,810,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
||
lemanensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Pomel, 1846) compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FB942FFAFB2BFAE6" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[1149,1276,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FB942FFAFB2BFAE6" box="[1149,1276,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F905782096CFFC4FAEB2FFAFAE4FAE6" box="[1282,1331,219,236]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FF6D2FD3FF7FFB09" bold="true" box="[132,168,242,259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Wtri</emphasis>
|
||
, trigonid width;
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FEC62FD3FE80FB09" bold="true" box="[303,343,242,259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Wtal</emphasis>
|
||
, talonid width. Ulm data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A096CFFC4FDBD2FD3FCE6FB09" author="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J." box="[596,817,242,259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref7960" refString="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J. 2003. - The Amphicyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Ulm-Westtangente (MN 2, Early Miocene), Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany - Systematics and ecomorphology. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Ser. B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 343: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="2003">Peigné & Heizmann (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096CFFC4FF6F2E1CFA55F84B" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<table id="34D7C44B096C0032FF6F2E1CFA41F84B" box="[134,1430,317,577]" gridcols="8" gridrows="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A9096C0032FF6F2E1CFA41FB5B" box="[134,1430,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FF6F2E1CFE64FB5B" box="[134,435,317,337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FF6F2E1CFF37FB5B" bold="true" box="[134,224,317,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Mus. No.</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FE122E1CFDFAFB5B" box="[507,557,317,337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FE122E1CFDFAFB5B" bold="true" box="[507,557,317,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">m1 L</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FD932E1CFD1EFB5B" box="[634,713,317,337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FD932E1CFD1EFB5B" bold="true" box="[634,713,317,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">m1 Wtri</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FCEE2E1CFC8EFB5B" box="[775,857,317,337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FCEE2E1CFC8EFB5B" bold="true" box="[775,857,317,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">m1 Wtal</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FC4C2E1CFC35FB5B" box="[933,994,317,337]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FC4C2E1CFC00FB5B" bold="true" box="[933,983,317,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">m2 L</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FBCC2E1CFBA4FB5B" box="[1061,1139,317,337]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FBCC2E1CFBA4FB5B" bold="true" box="[1061,1139,317,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">m2 Wtri</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FB582E1CFAD4FB5B" box="[1201,1283,317,337]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FB582E1CFAD4FB5B" bold="true" box="[1201,1283,317,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">m2 Wtal</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FAD52E1CFA41FB5B" box="[1340,1430,317,337]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FAD52E1CFA41FB5B" bold="true" box="[1340,1430,317,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">m1-m2 L</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A9096C0032FF6F2E40FA41FB7F" box="[134,1430,353,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FF6F2E40FE64FB7F" box="[134,435,353,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FF6F2E40FE95FB7F" box="[134,322,353,373]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FF6F2E40FF05FB7F" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[134,210,353,373]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
||
lemanensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A9096C0032FF6F2E58FA41FB87" box="[134,1430,377,397]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FF6F2E58FE64FB87" box="[134,435,377,397]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">AMNH 11005</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FE122E58FDFAFB87" box="[507,557,377,397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">21.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FD932E58FD1EFB87" box="[634,713,377,397]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">9.9</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FCEE2E58FC8EFB87" box="[775,857,377,397]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FC4C2E58FC35FB87" box="[933,994,377,397]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">15.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FBCC2E58FBA4FB87" box="[1061,1139,377,397]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FB582E58FAD4FB87" box="[1201,1283,377,397]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">10.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FAD52E58FA41FB87" box="[1340,1430,377,397]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">37.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A9096C0032FF6F2EB0FA41FBAF" box="[134,1430,401,421]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FF6F2EB0FE64FBAF" box="[134,435,401,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">MHNL-La85 type</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FE122EB0FDFAFBAF" box="[507,557,401,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">20.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FD932EB0FD1EFBAF" box="[634,713,401,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FCEE2EB0FC8EFBAF" box="[775,857,401,421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">9.6</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FC4C2EB0FC35FBAF" box="[933,994,401,421]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">–</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FBCC2EB0FBA4FBAF" box="[1061,1139,401,421]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">–</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FB582EB0FAD4FBAF" box="[1201,1283,401,421]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">–</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FAD52EB0FA41FBAF" box="[1340,1430,401,421]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A9096C0032FF6F2E88FA41FBB7" box="[134,1430,425,445]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FF6F2E88FE64FBB7" box="[134,435,425,445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">AMNH 97778</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FE122E88FDFAFBB7" box="[507,557,425,445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">20.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FD932E88FD1EFBB7" box="[634,713,425,445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">8.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FCEE2E88FC8EFBB7" box="[775,857,425,445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">8.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FC4C2E88FC35FBB7" box="[933,994,425,445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">14.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FBCC2E88FBA4FBB7" box="[1061,1139,425,445]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">9.6</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FB582E88FAD4FBB7" box="[1201,1283,425,445]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FAD52E88FA41FBB7" box="[1340,1430,425,445]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">34.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A9096C0032FF6F2EE0FA41FBDF" box="[134,1430,449,469]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FF6F2EE0FE64FBDF" box="[134,435,449,469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">AMNH 11004</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FE122EE0FDFAFBDF" box="[507,557,449,469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">18.6</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FD932EE0FD1EFBDF" box="[634,713,449,469]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">8.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FCEE2EE0FC8EFBDF" box="[775,857,449,469]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">8.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FC4C2EE0FC35FBDF" box="[933,994,449,469]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">12.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FBCC2EE0FBA4FBDF" box="[1061,1139,449,469]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">7.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FB582EE0FAD4FBDF" box="[1201,1283,449,469]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FAD52EE0FA41FBDF" box="[1340,1430,449,469]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">30.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A9096C0032FF6F2EF8FA41FBE7" box="[134,1430,473,493]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FF6F2EF8FE64FBE7" box="[134,435,473,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Ulm-Westtangente maximum</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FE122EF8FDFAFBE7" box="[507,557,473,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">22.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FD932EF8FD1EFBE7" box="[634,713,473,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">10.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FCEE2EF8FC8EFBE7" box="[775,857,473,493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">11.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FC4C2EF8FC35FBE7" box="[933,994,473,493]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">15.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FBCC2EF8FBA4FBE7" box="[1061,1139,473,493]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">10.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FB582EF8FAD4FBE7" box="[1201,1283,473,493]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">–</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FAD52EF8FA41FBE7" box="[1340,1430,473,493]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">37.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A9096C0032FF6F2ED3FA41F801" box="[134,1430,498,523]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FF6F2ED3FE64F801" box="[134,435,498,523]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Ulm-Westtangente minimum</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FE122ED3FDFAF801" box="[507,557,498,523]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">18.6</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FD932ED3FD1EF801" box="[634,713,498,523]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">8.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FCEE2ED3FC8EF801" box="[775,857,498,523]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">8.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FC4C2ED3FC35F801" box="[933,994,498,523]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">12.75</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FBCC2ED3FBA4F801" box="[1061,1139,498,523]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">8.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FB582ED3FAD4F801" box="[1201,1283,498,523]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">–</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FAD52ED3FA41F801" box="[1340,1430,498,523]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">31.35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A9096C0032FF6F2D34FA41F823" box="[134,1430,533,553]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FF6F2D34FE64F823" box="[134,435,533,553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FF6F2D34FEC0F823" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[134,279,533,553]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FF6F2D34FEC0F823" box="[134,279,533,553]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F905782096CFFC4FEF42D34FE84F823" box="[285,339,533,553]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F8E734A9096C0032FF6F2D0CFA41F84B" box="[134,1430,557,577]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="BB365DD5096C0032FF6F2D0CFE64F84B" box="[134,435,557,577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">UNSM 44723</th>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FE122D0CFDFAF84B" box="[507,557,557,577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">25.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FD932D0CFD1EF84B" box="[634,713,557,577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">12.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FCEE2D0CFC8EF84B" box="[775,857,557,577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">12.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FC4C2D0CFC35F84B" box="[933,994,557,577]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">16.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FBCC2D0CFBA4F84B" box="[1061,1139,557,577]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">12.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FB582D0CFAD4F84B" box="[1201,1283,557,577]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">10.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BB365DD5096C0032FAD52D0CFA41F84B" box="[1340,1430,557,577]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">40.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096CFFC4FF722DD9FDFAFE3A" blockId="9.[132,776,664,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">In youth the paraconid and protoconid of the m1 may have ‘sheared’ for a time against the paracone/metastylar blade of P4 but in this individual the m1 protoconid and paraconid have become blunted from wear, as has the tip of the metaconid. The tall M1 paracone deeply grooved the distolabial corner of the m1 protoconid while the prominent m1 hypoconid occluded between the M1 paracone and metacone when entering the protocone basin. This latter action akin to a mortar-in-pestle created the mesial part of the m1-m3 crushing platform.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096CFFC4FF4A2B17FE47FC65" blockId="9.[132,776,664,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
The m2 trigonid occluded between M1 and M2 where its robust protoconid-metaconid and small mesial basin abraded the distolabial corner of M1, and the mesial face of the M2 paracone. The low m2 hypoconid occluded against the M2 paracone, then as the bite closed, the broad m2 talonid contacted the M2 lingual platform. The slightly elevated mesial face of m3 with weak protoconid occluded with the distal face of the M2 metacone; the distal m3 with low hypoconid abraded the low platform comprising the entire M3. The occlusion of m2-m3 with the distal margin of M1 and with M2-M3 created the distal half of the crushing surface. The pronounced wear on P4-M1-M2 and m1-m2 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FF112A94FE85FFC5" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[248,338,1461,1487]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FF112A94FE85FFC5" box="[248,338,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F905782096CFFC4FEB12A94FE45FFC5" box="[344,402,1461,1487]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
indicates that food processing was concentrated on these teeth. In this individual the orientation of wear surfaces on cusps of P4-M2 and m1-m2 when occluded suggests that this
|
||
<typeStatus id="996C8849096CFFC4FE522934FE3CFC25" box="[443,491,1557,1583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of wear results primarily from crushing hard items such as bone rather than by direct tooth-on-tooth contact.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096CFFC4FF6D29B5FEFEFCA4" blockId="9.[132,776,1684,2030]" box="[132,297,1684,1710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FF6D29B5FEFEFCA4" box="[132,297,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Food Processing</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096CFFC4FF6D2995FBA0F9DB" blockId="9.[132,776,1684,2030]" lastBlockId="9.[813,1456,664,977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
With increasing age, molars and also carnassials of this amphicyonine beardog seem to function more in crushing than in shearing or slicing. Crushing occurred as carnassials as well as molars came into near simultaneous occlusion with jaw closure because of the placement of the articular condyles at the level of the toothrow. Often in living larger carnivores with slicing carnassials, rotation of the mandible about its long axis makes possible a close registration of P4 with m1 for cutting meat during jaw closure. However, ankylosis at the mandibular symphysis in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FE0728F2FD9CFDE7" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[494,587,2003,2029]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FE0728F2FD9CFDE7" box="[494,587,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F905782096CFFC4FDBD28F5FD45FDE4" box="[596,658,2004,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
prevented this axial rotation and precise carnassial registration so that shear has been subordinated to a crushing role. The crushing function becomes obvious when the skull and mandibles are articulated: both left and right upper and lower cheek teeth occlude without requiring ipsilateral-contralateral shifting of the lower jaws during mastication. Whether grinding by the molars (as opposed to crushing) occurred during food processing is doubtful due to a limited capability of the mandibular articular condyles to shift from side-to-side within the glenoid fossae of the skull.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096CFFC4FCC42CD4FC16FE07" blockId="9.[813,1456,1013,1806]" box="[813,961,1013,1039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">COMPARISON</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0ECD6560096CFFC4FCC42B37FA67FD04" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="466836EB096CFFC4FCC42B37FA67FD04" blockId="9.[813,1456,1013,1806]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FCC42B37FC11FE3A" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[813,966,1046,1072]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FCC42B37FC11FE3A" box="[813,966,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F905782096CFFC4FC262B36FBC7FE3B" box="[975,1040,1047,1073]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="0B550350096CFFC4FBCA2B37FBADFE3A" box="[1059,1146,1046,1072]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[132,143,997,1014]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements (in mm) of length and width of the lower teeth of Cynelos stenos n. sp. (UNSM 44723, holotype): upper row, right dentition; lower row, left dentition. Distal width is measured for premolars; trigonid width for m1-3." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) is distinguished from the smaller European species of the genus,
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FB3D2B16FA8FFE5A" box="[1236,1368,1078,1105]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. crassidens</emphasis>
|
||
(Filhol, 1874),
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FC6B2B77FBC1FE7A" box="[898,1046,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. rugosidens</emphasis>
|
||
(Schlosser, 1899), and
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FAC22B77FA78FE7A" box="[1323,1455,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. schlosseri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A096CFFC4FCDC2B57FC1DFE9B" author="DEHM R." box="[821,970,1142,1169]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref7604" refString="DEHM R. 1950. - Die Raubtiere aus dem Mittel-Miocan (Burdigalium) von Wintershof-West bei Eichstatt in Bayern. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Mathematisch-natur-wissenschaftliche Klasse) 58: 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1950">Dehm, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the North American
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FAE82B57FABDFE9A" box="[1281,1386,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. malasi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A096CFFC4FA9B2B56FBDBFEBB" author="HUNT R. M. & JR & STEPLETON E." pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="891229" refId="ref7851" refString="HUNT R. M. JR & STEPLETON E. 2015. - A skull of the immigrant Eurasian beardog Cynelos (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the early Miocene of southern California. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (1): e 891229 (1 - 19). https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0 2724634.2014. 891229" type="journal article" year="2015">Hunt and Stepleton, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
by its much larger overall size of skull, mandibles, and dentition.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FBA42B97FB0AFEC5" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[1101,1245,1206,1232]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FBA42B97FB0AFEC5" box="[1101,1245,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Cynelos stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F905782096CFFC4FB0A2B97FACAFEDA" box="[1251,1309,1206,1232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is more similar in size to the European
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FB8C2BF7FB2DFEFA" box="[1125,1274,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. lemanensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FADF2BF7FA67FEFA" box="[1334,1456,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. helbingi</emphasis>
|
||
but differs from the former by much larger cheek teeth (P4, M1, M2, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A096CFFC4FC112A37FAD2FF3A" author="HUNT R. M. & JR & STEPLETON E." box="[1016,1285,1301,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="891229" refId="ref7851" refString="HUNT R. M. JR & STEPLETON E. 2015. - A skull of the immigrant Eurasian beardog Cynelos (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the early Miocene of southern California. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (1): e 891229 (1 - 19). https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0 2724634.2014. 891229" type="journal article" year="2015">Hunt & Stepleton 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 9-11; m1, m2,
|
||
<tableCitation id="0B550350096CFFC4FC882A14FC60FF45" box="[865,951,1333,1359]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="9.[132,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of length and width of m1 and m2 of Cynelos lemanensis (Pomel, 1846) compared to Cynelos stenos n. sp. Abbreviations: Wtri, trigonid width; Wtal, talonid width. Ulm data from Peigné & Heizmann (2003)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A86663096CFFC4FF6D2FFAFCE2FB09" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="12A86663096CFFC4FF6D2FFAFCE2FB09">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) including cheek teeth of the
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FAF02A17FA78FF45" box="[1305,1455,1333,1360]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. lemanensis</emphasis>
|
||
population from Ulm-Westtangente (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A096CFFC4FB242A74FCB0FF85" author="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J." pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref7960" refString="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J. 2003. - The Amphicyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Ulm-Westtangente (MN 2, Early Miocene), Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany - Systematics and ecomorphology. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Ser. B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 343: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="2003">Peigné & Heizmann 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). P4, M1, M2 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FBC32A54FB50FF85" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[1066,1159,1397,1423]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FBC32A54FB50FF85" box="[1066,1159,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F905782096CFFC4FB642A57FB1EFF9A" box="[1165,1225,1398,1424]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
exceed in size all but the largest individuals of the Bavarian
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FB392AB4FA90FFA5" box="[1232,1351,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. helbingi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A096CFFC4FABC2AB7FC0FFFDA" author="HUNT R. M. & JR & STEPLETON E." pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="891229" refId="ref7851" refString="HUNT R. M. JR & STEPLETON E. 2015. - A skull of the immigrant Eurasian beardog Cynelos (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the early Miocene of southern California. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (1): e 891229 (1 - 19). https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0 2724634.2014. 891229" type="journal article" year="2015">Hunt & Stepleton 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 9-11) as do m1 and m2 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="0B550350096CFFC4FAC52A94FA5DFFC5" box="[1324,1418,1461,1487]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[132,143,997,1014]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements (in mm) of length and width of the lower teeth of Cynelos stenos n. sp. (UNSM 44723, holotype): upper row, right dentition; lower row, left dentition. Distal width is measured for premolars; trigonid width for m1-3." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="12A866630960FFC8FF6D2CC4FCD1FE07">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="0B550350096CFFC4FA732A94FA7FFFC5" box="[1434,1448,1461,1487]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[813,824,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of the m1 and m2 from Cynelos helbingi (Dehm, 1950), Wintershof-West, Bavaria (from Dehm 1950). Due to a tapered talonid, Dehm (1950) measured m2 width across the trigonid." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12A866630962FFCAFCC42FFAFAFCFB10" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="12A866630962FFCAFCC42FFAFAFCFB10">2</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="DEEC2A6E096CFFC4FCC42AF4FCA7FFE5" box="[813,880,1493,1519]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,773,790]" captionTargetBox="[136,777,228,736]" captionTargetId="graphics@11.[194,778,214,678]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 9. — Bivariate graph of m1 dimensions (in mm) of Cynelos helbingi (Dehm, 1950) (Wintershof-West, southern Germany) relative to m1 of Cynelos stenos n. sp. (UNSM 44723, western Nebraska). Cynelos helbingi measurements from Dehm (1950)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701712/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DEEC2A6E096CFFC4FC682AF4FC49FFE5" box="[897,926,1493,1519]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[813,824,773,790]" captionTargetId="graphics@11.[870,1455,214,676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bivariate graph of m2 dimensions (in mm) in Cynelos helbingi (Dehm, 1950) (Wintershof-West, southern Germany) relative to m2 of Cynelos stenos n. sp. (UNSM 44723, western Nebraska). Cynelos helbingi data from Dehm (1950). Note the larger broad m2 in C. stenos n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3701714/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Consequently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FB882AF4FB17FFE4" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[1121,1216,1493,1519]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FB882AF4FB17FFE4" box="[1121,1216,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F905782096CFFC4FB202AF4FADFFFE5" box="[1225,1288,1493,1519]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has evolved a broader molar platform (comprising occlusion of M1, M2, M3 with m2, m3, and the m1 talonid) for crushing hard foods than is seen in
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FBF22914FB43FC44" box="[1051,1172,1588,1615]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. helbingi</emphasis>
|
||
and in
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FB052914FA57FC44" box="[1260,1408,1588,1615]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. lemanensis</emphasis>
|
||
. All younger North American species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FB2C2975FAC2FC64" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[1221,1301,1620,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FB2C2975FAC2FC64" box="[1221,1301,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the late Hemingfordian (
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FC032954FB8CFC84" box="[1002,1115,1652,1679]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. idoneus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22464B1A096CFFC4FB8B2955FAD8FC84" author="MATTHEW W. D." box="[1122,1295,1652,1678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="59 - 210" refId="ref7915" refString="MATTHEW W. D. 1924. - Third contribution to the Snake Creek fauna. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 50 (2): 59 - 210. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 1312" type="journal article" year="1924">Matthew, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, basilar length of skull,
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E096CFFC4FC6429B5FC2DFCA5" box="[909,1018,1684,1711]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="33.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="33.0">33-34 cm</quantity>
|
||
) and early Barstovian (
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FB1329B5FAA6FCA4" box="[1274,1393,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. sinapius</emphasis>
|
||
Matthew, 1902, basilar length,
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E096CFFC4FBB12995FB12FCC5" box="[1112,1221,1716,1743]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="41.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="39.0">39-44 cm</quantity>
|
||
) are larger carnivores than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D74D68096CFFC4FC8E29F5FC13FCE4" authority="Hunt & Yatkola, 2020" authorityName="Hunt & Yatkola" authorityYear="2020" box="[871,964,1748,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="74A3EAF9096CFFC4FC8E29F5FC13FCE4" box="[871,964,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">C. stenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F905782096CFFC4FC2529F5FBDEFCE4" box="[972,1033,1748,1774]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(basilar length,
|
||
<quantity id="812F9B0E096CFFC4FB5629F5FAD0FCE4" box="[1215,1287,1748,1774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="29.0">29 cm</quantity>
|
||
) and both species continue the further expansion of the molar platform.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |