169 lines
18 KiB
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169 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297124" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905116760" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="CAA36C28A08CFAAF86E310C8DB478016" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Carnivora.532-628.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Odobenidae Allen 1880" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" lastPageNumber="594" masterDocId="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="532" pageNumber="594" updateTime="1716792096583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0D5047AC7A21419E6969C83281B8846B">
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<mods:title id="EE941D5A365F8CCFA158F357F3923FC7">Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7F6820A862101771F6C22F2B3A13EB04">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="70DB2B595A4389AFBEB2CB302A021A26">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="055A07F2C5B8D091FE28864EBAB62F11">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="777E344FF74478A4D12A96148B29038C">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="4AA87B2707336A9F04CE34DA47634A8F">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="DAAB71A14B9CBBA0392AFB68A5330710">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D995D2D1444A91DF94C970DF1B945287">
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<mods:title id="640264275A7120A3114673B3A5548F96">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:start id="CE01E4299171DED422506CB2872DEFEE">532</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="9827AA480AB3A953F52CF18C34597BB1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CAA36C28A08CFAAF86E310C8DB478016" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11345083" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231547891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11345083" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CAA36C28A08CFAAF86E310C8DB478016" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CAA36C28A08CFAAF86E310C8DB478016" lastPageNumber="594" pageNumber="594" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14001022">
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<subSubSection id="804CB2CFA1022436FE9D3B2B84CFA1AD" pageNumber="594" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="224CE9D04691F4128D89525F92925B37" pageNumber="594">
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<taxonomicName id="78E25D260707B89562A81848B67669EF" ID-CoL="DHQ" authority="Allen 1880" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1880" class="Mammalia" family="Odobenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Odobenidae Allen 1880</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="44EC88CF3866AF0EB09F17D7B99548E1" pageNumber="594" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="93069E52909C9FD37DDCDE67BF3AC157" pageNumber="594">
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<treatmentCitation id="966D8C96FCE0BC50D393A8B545B8F0AF" author="Allen" authority="Allen 1880" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1880" class="Mammalia" family="Odobenidae" journal="U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territ." kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="ix, 5." pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family" title="Odobenidae" volume="12" year="1880">
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<taxonomicName id="4E9B99B68107F5B43BEA3C62D9F9B27D" ID-CoL="DHQ" authority="Allen 1880" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1880" class="Mammalia" family="Odobenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Odobenidae
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<bibRefCitation id="84165561ED3D25CBEAB617B4C8246445" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5143" refString="Allen, J. A. 1880. History of North American pinnipeds: A monograph of the walruses, seal-lions, sea-bears and seals of North America. United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Miscellaneous Publication, 12: 1 - 785." year="1880">Allen 1880</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="3C15A0D222FED787D62FF40FD5812F13" author="Allen" journal="U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territ." pageNumber="594" pagination="ix, 5." title="Odobenidae" volume="12" year="1880">
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<collectingCountry id="6224A54CF853E65ADB21D18DE0135E38" name="United States of America">U. S.</collectingCountry>
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Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territ., 12: ix, 5
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</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8667A70402654FDCCBC3B4998505DCD9" pageNumber="594" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph id="6A945145ADE6CB1A6EBC25168CCF2ABC" pageNumber="594">
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<emphasis id="AF40EDBFB4FB178D453A6678FE9FE3E4" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="594">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3350C6C7EE2BE8AD8192379909C82815" authority="Orlov 1931" authorityName="Orlov" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Odobaeninae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Odobaeninae Orlov 1931</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="FD03FBCE6F0E3E51F1E33315C54C9AC6" authority="Elliot 1905" authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Odontobænidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Odontobænidae
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<bibRefCitation id="94516DBDB4BFA402E3F8740F8DBF36A6" author="Elliot, D. G." refId="ref93464" refString="Elliot, D. G. 1905. A checklist of mammals of the North American continent, the West Indies and the neighboring seas. Field Columbian Museum, Publication 105, Zoological Series, 6: 1 - 761." year="1905">Elliot 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="999DBE01C5B1684CB4047496BC20AC3D" authority="Gill 1866" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Rosmaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Rosmaridae
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<bibRefCitation id="9A5C8C1385035D153B6493D8D03B861B" author="Gill, T." refId="ref121271" refString="Gill, T. 1866. Prodrome of a monograph of the pinnipeds. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, Communications, 5: 1 - 13." year="1866">Gill 1866</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="5F6FF817177B042551F9EF27C53BEFEE" authority="Albrecht 1879" authorityName="Albrecht" authorityYear="1879" class="Mammalia" family="Thalattailurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Thalattailurina Albrecht 1879</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4AE32AA7B95A1351EB87B3867C622FC9" authority="Giebel 1855" authorityName="Giebel" authorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Trichechoidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Trichechoidea Giebel 1855</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="1BE9493837E74DA9EBBD8D18B3D93861" authority="J. E. Gray 1821" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Trichecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Trichecidae J. E.
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<bibRefCitation id="2774101A66DE4562235D13FBE8F2F48E" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref127912" refString="Gray, J. E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository, 15 (1): 296 - 310." year="1821">Gray 1821</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="45F45377679E04A64F12276FE6A6509A" authority="J. A. Allen 1870" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1870" class="Mammalia" family="Trichiphocinae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Trichiphocinae J. A. Allen 1870</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="6D9B7D38EBA2A32D943BCFA35DD92A29" authority="J. E. Gray 1837" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Trichisina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Trichisina J. E.
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<bibRefCitation id="4CD1A5FA97102611FC9FCA9C18B8C75D" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref128275" refString="Gray, J. E. 1837 [1838]. On a new species of paradoxure (Paradoxurus derbianus) with remarks on some Mammalia recently purchased by the British Museum, and characters of the new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1837: 67." year="1837">Gray 1837</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="BF33A3394B9CD2DEC646441CC9A0A9A0" authority="J. A. Allen 1880" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1880" class="Mammalia" family="Trichophocacae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Trichophocacae J. A.
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<bibRefCitation id="1BBD166D81157329F8BD019ED184066E" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5143" refString="Allen, J. A. 1880. History of North American pinnipeds: A monograph of the walruses, seal-lions, sea-bears and seals of North America. United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Miscellaneous Publication, 12: 1 - 785." year="1880">Allen 1880</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F8B852DC5984B15C7FBF03BA0C4B5E79" pageNumber="594" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="466499FC328751CF3D3FEF6CC42E22F5" pageNumber="594">
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<emphasis id="4A7A0642B48F5DA03554E158760A1B67" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="594">Genera:</emphasis>
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1 genus with 1 species:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4A300194A5CA4BCBD7495677D4B71F9D" pageNumber="594">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="C1EADDB663A8B520AA930C7EA52E5DBF" authority="Brisson 1762" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" class="Mammalia" family="Odobenidae" genus="Odobenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3C6F4F055BA45855872D3609607941FB" italics="true" pageNumber="594">Odobenus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C0E832D7072BE05AAF068C2153CF383B" author="Brisson, M. J." refId="ref42298" refString="Brisson, M. J. 1762. Le regnum animale in classes IX distributum, sive synopsis methodica sistens generalem animalium distributionem in classes IX, & duarum primarum classium, quadrupedum scilicet & cetaceorum, particularem dibvisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera & species. T. Haak, Paris, 296 pp." year="1762">Brisson 1762</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species with 3 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4338F48CC60CA2FEC282EBF56E6E212" pageNumber="594" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1FA4CBEDD3F8A008527C246D418B2438" pageNumber="594">
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<emphasis id="3A753F690E23519E1B38E06B10D27455" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="594">Discussion:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="871D7891CE4E0670061894492A9F2BCD" authority="Gray (1821)" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Trichecidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sirenia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Trichecidae
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<bibRefCitation id="9A561F346409E15C663CED89D44C7D84" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref127912" refString="Gray, J. E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository, 15 (1): 296 - 310." year="1821">Gray (1821)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="539538B949A7B68A86292DAF6781ED60" authority="Gill (1866)" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" family="Rosmaridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="family">
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Rosmaridae
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<bibRefCitation id="7F70CF03254B283BF1D54FCC7520C86C" author="Gill, T." refId="ref121271" refString="Gill, T. 1866. Prodrome of a monograph of the pinnipeds. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, Communications, 5: 1 - 13." year="1866">Gill (1866)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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are invalid (
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<bibRefCitation id="131145A1F79F80F565B93625FBC4CC21" author="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" refId="ref167262" refString="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1959. Opinion 544. Validation under the plenary powers of the family-group names Muntiacinae Pocock, 1923, and Odobenidae (correction of Odobaenidae) Allen, 1880 (Class Mammalia). Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 20 (2): 119 - 128." year="1959">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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). The enigmatic walruses have been placed as: (1) the sister group to the otariids (Árnason, 1977; Árnason et al., 1995;
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<bibRefCitation id="4C67F5EB60FBD81A3E5A60B58EAA5D33" author="Couturier, J. & B. Dutrillaux" refId="ref69927" refString="Couturier, J., and B. Dutrillaux. 1986. Evolution chromosomique chez les carnivores. Mammalia (Numero special): 124 - 162." year="1986">Couturier and Dutrillaux, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="382A74960CBCCE2D39143051AB641117" author="Dragoo, J. W. & R. L. Honeycutt" refId="ref88552" refString="Dragoo, J. W., and R. L. Honeycutt. 1997. Systematics of mustelid-like carnivores. Journal of Mammalogy, 78: 426 - 443." year="1997">Dragoo and Honeycutt, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7F1165C76D574915B8D3D7259B8B0235" author="Repenning, C. A. & R. H. Tedford" refId="ref302216" refString="Repenning, C. A., and R. H. Tedford. 1977. Otarioid seals of the Neogene. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 992: 1 - 93." year="1977">Repenning and Tedford, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="42B5628ABFBEFFE3167F9107C7A80B0D" author="Sarich, V. M." refId="ref317150" refString="Sarich, V. M. 1969 a. Pinniped phylogeny. Systematic Zoology, 18: 416 - 422." year="1969">
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Sarich, 1969
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<emphasis id="EA3B7CA6F5DF7B3458883FDAE8AF2D34" italics="true" pageNumber="594">a</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis id="4EFE409CC526EEF0DF494673BF8D8BD9" italics="true" pageNumber="594">b</emphasis>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="6EF38B8A0EF5391B76D5B269857E96EA" author="Vrana, P. B. & M. C. Milinkovitch & J. R. Powell & W. C. Wheeler" refId="ref378958" refString="Vrana, P. B., M. C. Milinkovitch, J. R. Powell, and W. C. Wheeler. 1994. Higher level relationships of the Arctoid Carnivora based on sequence data and " total evidence. " Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 3: 47 - 58." year="1994">Vrana et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
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); (2) in the family
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<taxonomicName id="AB5F844382B617B3BC602877FA07A601" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Otariidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A2A9F2A9D0B28755A41B6FB4FC59714B" author="Barnes, L. G." refId="ref20675" refString="Barnes, L. G. 1989. A new Enaliarctine pinniped from the Astoria formation, Oregon, and a classification of the Otariidae (Mammalia: Carnivora). Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 403: 1 - 26." year="1989">Barnes, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FE718BB66A427B20A85A9427F0508913" author="Mitchell, E. D." refId="ref243610" refString="Mitchell, E. D. 1975 b. Parallelism and convergence in the evolution of Otariidae and Phocidae. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Conseil International pour l'exploration de la Mer, 169: 12 - 26." year="1975">
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Mitchell, 1975
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<emphasis id="5908022203E1A5EF8BAD50BA7A9B2008" italics="true" pageNumber="594">b</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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); (3) the sister group to the phocids (Berta, 1994;
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<bibRefCitation id="61B4DDAADAADD9433F0662561B57D065" author="Berta, A. & A. R. Wyss" refId="ref29511" refString="Berta, A., and A. R. Wyss. 1994. Pinniped phylogeny. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 29: 33 - 56." year="1994">Berta and Wyss, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B979AA67BABE963564B008C96CD84FB0" author="Wyss, A. R. & J. J. Flynn" refId="ref396282" refString="Wyss, A. R., and J. J. Flynn. 1993. A phylogenetic analysis and definition of the Carnivora. Pp. 32 - 52, in Mammal Phylogeny: Placentals (F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna, eds.). Placentals Springer-Verlag, New York, 2: 1 - 321." year="1993">Wyss and Flynn, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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); and finally (4)
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<bibRefCitation id="9044127658A335B2BE4A3AC5AE0E4089" author="McKenna, M. C. & S. K. Bell" refId="ref233772" refString="McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp." year="1997">McKenna and Bell (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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considered them a subfamily of
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<taxonomicName id="479B7A438B04C6B89CE623ABC763CB2C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="3BA83629D51592091CF6495F67FC7902" author="Lento, G. M. & R. E. Hickson & G. K. Chambers & D. Penny" refId="ref210207" refString="Lento, G. M., R. E. Hickson, G. K. Chambers, and D. Penny. 1995. Use of spectral analysis to test hypotheses on the origin of pinnipeds. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 12: 28 - 52." year="1995">Lento et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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believed the best answer was to leave the walrus as an independent family. Because of the uncertainty of the placement of this taxon, I have followed
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<bibRefCitation id="7A79B2412559A9BCA7C4CEC67184C31F" author="Rice, D. W." refId="ref303390" refString="Rice, D. W. 1998. Marine mammals of the world: Systematics and distribution. Society for Marine Mammalogy, Special Publication, 4: 1 - 230." year="1998">Rice (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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who provided an excellent discussion of the various arrangements.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |