409 lines
42 KiB
XML
409 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="55526" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673" ID-GBIF-Dataset="effceee3-860f-43dc-9900-56bb24d74e5a" ID-PMC="PMC9849004" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-196-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F11AF382CA7354C8AA08829721879B7D" ID-PubMed="36762031" ModsDocID="1314-2003-196-49" checkinTime="1652704252716" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tobar, Francisco, Smith, James F. & Clark, John L." docDate="2022" docId="BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 196: 49-61" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 196" docPubDate="2022-05-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673" docTitle="Columnea pendens F. Tobar, J. L. Clark & J. F. Sm. 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="F11AF382CA7354C8AA08829721879B7D" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="F11AF382CA7354C8AA08829721879B7D" masterDocTitle="Two new pendulous epiphytic Columnea L. (Gesneriaceae) species from the Choco forests of the Northern Andes" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1720490824251" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="837C6B710349969799828FB6B985B64A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B50C20EAECAFB7DBFD8FCB4CB92D4280">
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<mods:title id="48E1D3928DD419A49037E6163A79CFCC">Two new pendulous epiphytic Columnea L. (Gesneriaceae) species from the Choco forests of the Northern Andes</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5DDF125B1CD54AEA7766533BE1682E2E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="46866924EEED55CD9D73B47876018EFA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AD48FB6D1088AC8142483BF6ABDFA1CB">Tobar, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2C575C74AA9585066F19ADE80F98642B" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-673X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="60BDB28B171E0B755BB17990F328B948">Area de Investigacion y Monitoreo de Avifauna, Aves y Conservacion - BirdLife en Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador QCNE, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1A11C2930586E26F3DAD9D4C2070E87D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EB2E88511303233763D9350365C0EC96">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="837F871FF75BFCCDB52A1E73AA75417E">Smith, James F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8085213B36C3A63AEFA272DA9FC9042E">Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F445DC472332DC5717760F648E913D10" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D53252696386CC178CA7F37E2A8F4ECD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D333B2F113B84FBC36ED691B294B251C">Clark, John L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DBB551DD1E68130E6CDA4376372AD1A7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-6380</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7D5CF4FC05136F20914C459CC29FD421">Science Department, The Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5B79A9E077672735EC024AA9EBC88942" type="email">jclark@lawrenceville.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="57F85A704AF321FED511D51F13698EBA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1E5F5B56F646D2B50314EC537AA79D21">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3A5D1B64D820FBE3FA39084116176066">
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<mods:date id="7E8EE7302559CFC88BBE0CF343CF3434">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E6AB0A5B6E65750DD614972064832AF5" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="B53641C7945327F16833272EADF4391C">2022-05-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="19ABF78550B9B88C5AF1AC56781559E8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6F10F45CE10D5448E9442A026C2BCF62">196</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="A33DD93A8E4A923983535CDBB3650D62" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="486EEB2D3D104C331DA4C13AA9C0559D">49</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="AC0ABCA2CDAB68B9AADF20E3A93608F8">61</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="0EA90710D6A15C3C43D1DA4C388B38A8">
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<mods:url id="C2BD98532FBED22A7EBC67D648400FDF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="886F8F51D6BDA0D2DC1F49AE2F704502">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F69943B5F204E52BFC7D594BC9ABDFBA" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="21DF1CDA190BE5E287D0B9B46E13474A" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-196-49</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FC5E4C2B956D27544CAA0C077740BB0A" type="Pensoft-UUID">F11AF382CA7354C8AA08829721879B7D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection id="F20767F0D1536D08F90A8630C0F2E472" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="multiple">
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<treatment id="BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195348458" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="1446D8B2F848B6D2BE21EA860F16F0D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DAB0E246761F2C6BC68F5EB12F1FA8D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="975B5351A59857526CE2BE6D415BE025" ID-CoL="992J3" LSID="BAE52126-998A-5956-A510-26A05B9B7285" authority="F. Tobar, J. L. Clark & J. F. Sm." authorityName="F. Tobar, J. L. Clark & J. F. Sm." authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens" status="sp. nov.">Columnea pendens F.Tobar, J.L.Clark & J.F.Sm.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0E3A6E45EA1BB63E829AF5AAC0BF4E8A" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9C6980D9A21045545737D698C4A250CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A351C889AE772110928F75F3E54B5F11" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<figureCitation id="72A272AA3762BB969D0E8E4A4A1C61D9" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Columnea pendens F. Tobar, J. L. Clark & J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C gynoecium and androecium D calyx lobes (A-D from F. Tobar 3638). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683755" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84BB02FD5759963D2D3C597D3B907F8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="ED47372A63924C822A28757DD4D27068" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<typeStatus id="E22930AEA0E731701F6B2E11C397F63A">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="064022A37A5905D67DF6FF0502E70503" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<materialsCitation id="E531932C976971E9F09A0D58918C6DB0" collectingDate="2021-09-12" collectorName="F. Tobar" country="Ecuador" elevation="1786" latitude="0.890555" location="rio Gualpi" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.21889" municipality="Espejo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Carchi" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="F89D3B2A799D988A597690AFD8C12994" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="7F76443A55D58BBB5C85C758017EF5B6" country="Ecuador" name="Carchi">Carchi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="D58DE736862264FE90AB96C86E4FEC21">Espejo</collectingMunicipality>
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, road
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<locationDeviation id="5D6C1250B17FA1277E02C14D36609E95" firstLocation="Goaltal" secondLocation="Chical">between Goaltal and Chical</locationDeviation>
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, near to
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<location id="6673B1412E0C6DC35414D3CA8A876998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:6673B1412E0C6DC35414D3CA8A876998" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.890555" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.21889" municipality="Espejo" name="rio Gualpi" stateProvince="Carchi">
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<normalizedToken id="D137596C52B65815E08BAEE0B3A175AF" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
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Gualpi
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</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4DA35270264257C269F464BEAD2A853A" degrees="0.890555" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="0.890555">0.890555°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="55C08B65F540661B5541855D949B338D" degrees="78.2188889" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.21889">78.2188889°W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="9A142842CE391F0AA0A1163C748CCAE4" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.786" unit="m" value="1786.0">
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<elevation id="6157595EDB25CD71FB7A2E58ACF1173F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.786" unit="m" value="1786.0">1786 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate id="D2D9691332289B16D4AE10B340925C08" value="2021-09-12">12 Sep 2021</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis id="C5C56B38B45D84ED83B632F558151AA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<collectorName id="4B4BB005908A56673862D0C4A77210C6">F. Tobar</collectorName>
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3638
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="F328B257DB0AE4F35FD2DEE16EB15EB3">holotype</typeStatus>
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: QCA; isotype: QCNE)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CA07E6682FEC34328F0819EE361024D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="FACDA6F28F3F64B8F54E060A71692BA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4A45D3F804813CB2D2B530383A961DBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName id="3C46335CF6D691B4B9DB069BA6F864D1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
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<emphasis id="E9FFAD61E395870B048D30FD8A230BC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Columnea ceticeps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, differing in the bright orange corollas (vs. bright red corollas in
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<taxonomicName id="6AB364DF864D9982365D39CDE607383A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
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<emphasis id="FA632C51A8E6023F3000EB15C500916A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), calyx lobes broadly ovate (vs. narrowly elongate in
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<taxonomicName id="7227C84581A7E160C98CA79EE5C49758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
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<emphasis id="CDD637E068F65E0746593E95A0F26AEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), corolla tube ventricose (vs. uniformly tubular in
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<taxonomicName id="D6854B4DA5D48A0A3AC46C3CD19B271B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
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<emphasis id="F52D7071EC6B04C32E86938306A15F55" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and corolla tube densely pubescent (vs. corolla tube sparsely pubescent in
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<taxonomicName id="59220345DED90025E6CF6329C0F2D730" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
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<emphasis id="166353D5682C006B19E5158F40F5B353" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="24B8E32C2A97D83AD50D961803F0F000" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4C2FED2DA2471E309FE6877DFF49F10C" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D0B391DD902979BD74A7BE15A0ED38EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Epiphytic herb with elongate pendent shoots, 1.2-1.5 m long, brown, with zigzag appearance, glabrous near base, pilose with gold-colored trichomes near apex; internodes 2.0-4.5 cm long. Petioles 0.1-0.2 cm long, pilose with multicellular gold-colored trichomes; leaves opposite, pairs usually, nearly equal to isophyllous, rarely anisophyllous, 0.6-6.0 cm long, 0.3-2.3 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, base slightly oblique, lateral veins 3-8 per side, adaxially dark-green, with white trichomes, abaxially green to red-purple, densely pilose with multicellular gold-colored trichomes and single-celled white trichomes, margin crenulate to serrulate. Inflorescence reduced to 1 or 2 flowers per axil; bracts not seen, presumably caducous. Pedicels 0.3-1.3 cm long, green or red, appressed pilose with multicellular gold-colored trichomes. Calyx clasping, lobes 1.2-2.3 cm long, 0.25 cm wide, triangular-ovate to broadly triangular-ovate, apex long acuminate, exterior densely pilose, with multicellular gold-colored trichomes, interior glabrous, margin serrulate. Corolla 5.2-6.1 cm long, 0.6-1.1 cm at widest point (apex of corolla limb, near throat), tubular, medially ventricose, gibbous at base, 2.8-3.5 mm wide at narrowest point at the base, bright orange externally, interior yellow, exterior densely pubescent with multicellular red-colored trichomes, interior with sparse short trichomes and some stalked glandular trichomes; limb bilabiate, upper lip with two fused dorsal lobes and two lateral lobes, lower limb with an extended ventral lip; dorsal lobes connate, rounded to subquadrate, ca. 6.2 mm long, ca. 6.5 mm wide; lateral lobes triangular to narrowly triangular, ca. 1.5 mm long, ca. 2.0 mm wide; ventral lobe, narrowly oblong to linear ca. 1.9 cm long and ca. 2.8 mm wide, galea 1.9 cm long. Filaments ca. 5.1 cm long, connate for ca. 0.5 cm and adnate to base of corolla, anthers ca. 1.4 mm long, ca. 1.3 mm wide, included in the corolla throat, quadrangular. Ovary 3.4 mm long, conical, pubescent or glabrous, with multicellular transparent trichomes; style pale yellow to white, pilose with multicellular transparent and short stalked glandular trichomes; stigma unlobed, papillate, included in corolla tube. Nectary a bilobed dorsal gland. Mature fruit and seeds not seen.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="423648B89BA50A4F373919A1D51620AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="phenology">
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<paragraph id="F5E5E1CC6DB82F65459B972DE8857ABA" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E32566D40EB92F7A5AC49D2B69501802" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Collected in flower during February-April, and September. Immature fruits observed in April.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2141B5C83409494C97AABE66F33E8155" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="DA731D365B5AB3C2E7AA2059A7163AB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B43D2D1BCE8AA4CE94F5FF90DD737DF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">The specific epithet refers to the pendent epiphytic habit.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="002DE1025049540F28AAA33E5F02BA57" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="837B42AA3F0F1217A1C86F210D384FC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Distribution and preliminary assessment of conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4738A67A7111F990A529A9516FE1EB19" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="FE894A92CA0EC5ADFE6B8F21CABF7350" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
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<emphasis id="ADDFAD76E92B73B1881CF7B80D21A2F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Columnea pendens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is endemic to the western Andean slopes of Ecuador and Colombia (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="00D960159A1B555984716FD0B8761CDE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Columnea ceticeps (squares), C. fluidifolia (triangles), and C. pendens (circles). Note that range of C. ceticeps extends into the Colombian departments of Choco, Antioquia and Risaralda (not featured here) (map provided by Marco F. Monteros)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683751" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
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). The forest is located in the broadly defined ecoregion referred to as the
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<normalizedToken id="500CF6266FAC95A15769E8DB6D76CCB4" originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
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Biogeographic Region or the
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<normalizedToken id="63B4EA7EA4C9FD1ED886206BBBBB7515" originalValue="Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena">Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena</normalizedToken>
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biodiversity hotspot.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA04B49B84977DB4C876D0DCBD66DE44" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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The Ecuadorian populations are known from the provinces of Santo Domingo de los
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<normalizedToken id="58131A68A6E446686ABAAC7DFB9D3532" originalValue="Tsáchilas">Tsachilas</normalizedToken>
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and Carchi (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A4E18E7454C7B29C3A1A43EA07DF1F3F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Columnea ceticeps (squares), C. fluidifolia (triangles), and C. pendens (circles). Note that range of C. ceticeps extends into the Colombian departments of Choco, Antioquia and Risaralda (not featured here) (map provided by Marco F. Monteros)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683751" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
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). The Ecuadorian population from Santo Domingo de los
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<normalizedToken id="D93B7DDD50A54E03C65EB984110CB8E5" originalValue="Tsáchilas">Tsachilas</normalizedToken>
|
|
is located on the road that connects the village 23 de Julio with San Juan de Chiriboga. Several populations from Carchi are located near
|
|
<normalizedToken id="088D363494305A43613FB304C4FA6D83" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Gualpi, between 1500 and 1800 m. According to the vegetation classification system by the Ecosystems of Continental Ecuador (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2095D48F27E0A03E6F0BF4A939757E4D" author="MAE" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B7" refString="MAE, 2012. Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Quito, Ecuador." title="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Quito, Ecuador." year="2012">MAE 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), the Ecuadorian forest is classified as
|
|
<emphasis id="A457F9E7647023D4C181CEBE86B48435" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bosque siempreverde montano bajo de Cordillera Occidental de los Andes</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="1354AF8C6160BC1D4BE020591F6F5AB2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">BsBn04</emphasis>
|
|
) (lower montane evergreen) and represents a narrow band of vegetation between 1400 and 2000 meters, that ranges from the Carchi province in the north to the Santo Domingo de los
|
|
<normalizedToken id="99EE6D9C97DFEB15DC3946518B6F2D34" originalValue="Tsáchilas">Tsachilas</normalizedToken>
|
|
province in the south. Current protected areas in Ecuador that correspond to montane evergreen forest include the Ecuadorian national park (Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador), Cotacahi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve, and several private reserves such as Los Cedros Biological Reserve, Maquipucuna Cloud Forest Reserve, and
|
|
<normalizedToken id="9807E66A500097F035F45C3CE927C241" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Guajalito.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="41EE24350E77A55C851AA9C40E46EAAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
The Colombia populations are known from Cerro Plateado, Cerro Pinche, and Munchique in the Cauca department, and La Planada in the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="A19E72126CE8BB924DA49DBD498E0B20" originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
|
|
department (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="34F77DC810112907671DEA6B22B5FB5E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Columnea ceticeps (squares), C. fluidifolia (triangles), and C. pendens (circles). Note that range of C. ceticeps extends into the Colombian departments of Choco, Antioquia and Risaralda (not featured here) (map provided by Marco F. Monteros)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683751" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
|
|
). The Colombian forests that host populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3188E1519350EF64546F13A4F707414E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
|
|
<emphasis id="4ECAA3787D15BD9F27CE4A21CA5003EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
correspond to premontane, montane, pluvial, and cloud forests along the Pacific slopes of the Cordillera Occidental (western mountain range). Current protected areas in Colombia that correspond to known populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C0745476DC317D80AFA1FE2DC3240A19" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9154DD3FB03AA615C9A67553AD05726" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
include the community-based reserve, La Reserva Natural La Planada, in the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="CD90E1E961B9317F0FC1D5D197271050" originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
|
|
department in southern Colombia. In addition, populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EC1600470F2CEDD474BA990D6BA8E36C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
|
|
<emphasis id="BEB32062AC7900927AB02575A3A017F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are located in the Munchique National Natural Park, part of the Colombian Sistema Nacional de
|
|
<normalizedToken id="E60566259DAB35711E0FC91851CFAD61" originalValue="Áreas">Areas</normalizedToken>
|
|
Protegidas, in the Cauca department.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DAE67FD211380C38F82E505A07F1DF51" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
Based on the available information and According to the IUCN Red List criteria (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D90509F25841F41F19CBF44646723A0F" author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1, 2nd edn. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1, 2 nd edn. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK." year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="10C257990B06615A655AB584536F8F73" author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B6" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. [Downloadable from:] http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. [Downloadable from:]" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="82DB2DF3F9BD368F39507CA1BB8FB5C2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
|
|
<emphasis id="BF264337B5384DD2689E1D2E41AA319A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is preliminary assessed as Endangered (EN) based on fewer than five known populations (criteria B1 + 2a), EOO <5000 km2, and AOO <500 km2.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="8A0032364B5D888877FCA4BE38CCE05E" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="comments">
|
|
<paragraph id="DCD9029C4B78AEC3503B2CACF0BD5550" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Comments.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A18D46C9A8CED818CF5984DAC1FD11F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C3D60309A87BDA4600A13A5CC8A396A1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
|
|
<emphasis id="611D4371346C350A5D3DD989E21132D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Columnea pendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6F4226515D97BBB450CD030D0E71E5A9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
|
|
<emphasis id="A8B5EA509EF74A6CB0ECBF3E3328D922" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which was recently described from Colombia and northern Ecuador (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="61832D0D7D21D9984EBCB938F4E34D54" author="Smith, JF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="667 - 679" refId="B13" refString="Smith, JF, Amaya-Marquez, M, Marin-Gomez, OH, Clark, JL, 2013b. Four new species of Columnea (Gesneriaceae) with primary distributions in Colombia. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7: 667 - 679" title="Four new species of Columnea (Gesneriaceae) with primary distributions in Colombia." volume="7" year="2013 b">Smith et al. 2013b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The geographic distribution for these two species overlaps in northern Ecuador and southern Colombia (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="682DB910E4136B78251CC7CC784C8FD9" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Columnea ceticeps (squares), C. fluidifolia (triangles), and C. pendens (circles). Note that range of C. ceticeps extends into the Colombian departments of Choco, Antioquia and Risaralda (not featured here) (map provided by Marco F. Monteros)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683751" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="150C2C1E284E86E0083095D10D50DF1B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
|
|
<emphasis id="28AC07160D864DB7252EDEDE081CD6E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Columnea pendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has uniformly bright orange corollas (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="02355BA789A593E4EF4D5064983B73F3" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Columnea pendens F. Tobar, J. L. Clark & J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C gynoecium and androecium D calyx lobes (A-D from F. Tobar 3638). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683755" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">5A</figureCitation>
|
|
) in contrast to the uniformly bright red corollas in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3FCDCCC1A33F260671E4656CFF88E2F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
|
|
<emphasis id="BB36AA051B496330806D609A6036EED8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="600AAFFD1E04C34F82E7E8E32D2CA141" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Columnea ceticeps J. L. Clark & J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C deeply bilabiate corolla D calyx lobes (A-D from J. L. Clark 12950 D photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683754" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
). The calyx lobes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="584217AB0C84DD8312959C323F451600" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
|
|
<emphasis id="D100E7D61306A16497AC3711341DFB88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are broadly ovate (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="1529D8CD2A86902F8409B1D6E85E3FFD" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Columnea pendens F. Tobar, J. L. Clark & J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C gynoecium and androecium D calyx lobes (A-D from F. Tobar 3638). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683755" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">5A</figureCitation>
|
|
) in contrast to the narrowly elongate calyx lobes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAAED19330C75FF8788DFF0BD77771DF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
|
|
<emphasis id="1EEEC2851EB9658E9C7CE7555D06430C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="969BE654A5D311A92EC22218ADE2CDF1" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Columnea ceticeps J. L. Clark & J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C deeply bilabiate corolla D calyx lobes (A-D from J. L. Clark 12950 D photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683754" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
). The corolla in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E583F14B5ED851C95BAC3FC31FD23A32" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
|
|
<emphasis id="FE6632ED4DF53D93C1962387452E228E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is medially inflated or ventricose and covered in uniformly dense (nearly tomentose) pubescence (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="AEF7B11C18DA45E83588CE023C2A6372" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Columnea pendens F. Tobar, J. L. Clark & J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C gynoecium and androecium D calyx lobes (A-D from F. Tobar 3638). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683755" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">5A</figureCitation>
|
|
) in contrast to a sparsely pubescent corolla in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0A6F9D4CB44035EB5A944E11250A77A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
|
|
<emphasis id="AD3CAD75974AD889FDF3C5417669D692" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="E2EB8A0C12142BBEE6F68CEFC4198D99" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Columnea ceticeps J. L. Clark & J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C deeply bilabiate corolla D calyx lobes (A-D from J. L. Clark 12950 D photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683754" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="79FC626DB81581EFBD946EBE10573AAA" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683755" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph id="C1E26E373345F4F79C7DC9B74F32091F" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<emphasis id="9D85203D732EB0F31A0AB9BD89B4A027" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0D7E9553680EE290F2107050CFBDF76C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
|
|
<emphasis id="037CF6D8098B0AE932C892191810AD04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Columnea pendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
F.Tobar, J.L.Clark & J.F.Sm.
|
|
<emphasis id="5F3C025DC686442697DA498DD3E70AF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
|
mature flower
|
|
<emphasis id="7378581659B8BDDE7B18ACFE6CC98403" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
|
pendent shoot
|
|
<emphasis id="D663FFCDB962A7E7EF97BD8856F8A3DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
|
gynoecium and androecium
|
|
<emphasis id="27158F28E36E9E6C2971BF5FBFFDEB56" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
|
calyx lobes (
|
|
<emphasis id="2547720372DAEE1C7EFCD9E3EBBEAD1D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A-D</emphasis>
|
|
from
|
|
<emphasis id="B3FC6C4443C125C653B75A51AC02AA6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">F. Tobar</emphasis>
|
|
3638). Photos by F. Tobar.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="6E1EDA2F8F4C2DFAACB66A0D7AB9D06A" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="C803C0F28D9D7627EE1C823CEAA9EAC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6BED9332B0D782EDE8709CB83B58609E" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="75019424B0AE194A856EE04C9F5BECB4" collectingDate="1948-07" collectingDateMax="2021-04-21" collectingDateMin="1948-07" collectorName="La Depresion, E. L. Core, El Tambo, O, El Tambo, S. Yepes Agredo, J. F. Smith, P. Galeano, AJ Perez, de Julio, F. Tobar, G. Rueda" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" elevation="1950" latitude="-0.239444" location="Munchique" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Carchi">
|
|
Colombia.
|
|
<emphasis id="5B0F67D0F9C52D90ABC8609ADE441871" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cauca</emphasis>
|
|
: toward south end of
|
|
<collectorName id="A0624FCE625EE377D6A405C9E3E70B91">
|
|
<collectingCounty id="D2032DE0B751A8950C77BEF3623B86A7">La Depresion</collectingCounty>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
,
|
|
<locationDeviation id="E83D3D8F8DE900474B257084BBE929A1" firstLocation="Cerro Pinche" secondLocation="Cerro Plateado">between Cerro Pinche and Cerro Plateado</locationDeviation>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate id="AECE7F57362D2B3CB9C0DB713B74D982" value="1994-09-26">26 Sep 1994</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="5FA24341BBE530BB8E304EE0A4CF70AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<collectorName id="F3870B6D068D1D39AEC4926603C2B32E">E.L. Core</collectorName>
|
|
1358
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(US);
|
|
<collectorName id="CAF49B9BD420F19D22678E5E513FD2AC">
|
|
El Tambo,
|
|
<emphasis id="8808FE0D63BA331171B241F01F79D248" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">O. Haught 5200</emphasis>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
(US);
|
|
<collectorName id="1F1E9582F42D414EBE663DE9EA878FEB">
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="C19C4EB42183A96F31F93E26F379CA4A">El Tambo</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
,
|
|
<location id="2FB3A7222A734EA805490842922FCE76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:2FB3A7222A734EA805490842922FCE76" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Munchique" stateProvince="Carchi">Munchique</location>
|
|
<collectingDate id="FC17F3AD8A948B2E44E3A733E50EA2B7" value="1948-07">Jul 1948</collectingDate>
|
|
<emphasis id="B621457677BA5C2E9DEC68F77032C34E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<collectorName id="C67BFF8B06DDFF0B0D5EF0DEC9EA855B">S. Yepes Agredo</collectorName>
|
|
472
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(US).
|
|
<emphasis id="C93B2D45193BA515702A466E72F5875E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="56C7B9A5CEC68937E378E9E82F6086AD" originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<location id="1CD63B3A4EE97A2E2F6164C3360BF0DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:1CD63B3A4EE97A2E2F6164C3360BF0DF" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Reserva Natural La Planada" stateProvince="Carchi">Reserva Natural La Planada</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<location id="4296CE3A62BA54C778542752C6801C99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:4296CE3A62BA54C778542752C6801C99" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Ricaurte" stateProvince="Carchi">Ricaurte</location>
|
|
, on the road near
|
|
<location id="310A522035CD6E8C36C711B6BED44CE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:310A522035CD6E8C36C711B6BED44CE9" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Quebrada Dulce" stateProvince="Carchi">Quebrada Dulce</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate id="19EA53F6E321AC7DF3AB77EBE344BF1B" value="1989-03-03">3 Mar 1989</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="8C47CC3DC0238140BC4E1F38A8F14C7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<collectorName id="57332016B628426896DA8B243015605A">J.F. Smith</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName id="20BEB1E30FF753387CFA6AE6877C8DFA">P. Galeano</collectorName>
|
|
1522
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, (COL, WIS).
|
|
<emphasis id="5D3D66C2C95B31B2F81DB631C3E89ABE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F7A436C0DE2CEF2CEC1F830EA1C1373E" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
<collectingRegion id="D86AE232BF5A90942C4ADCF39AF55C40" country="Ecuador" name="Carchi">Carchi</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
: canton
|
|
<location id="85AB5FA665B3DA6AD36667E891ABBB5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:85AB5FA665B3DA6AD36667E891ABBB5D" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Mira" stateProvince="Carchi">Mira</location>
|
|
, via Gualchan-El
|
|
<location id="BB7E041FC0DAAC360BC0BB7CBB924BB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:BB7E041FC0DAAC360BC0BB7CBB924BB3" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Carmen-Chical" stateProvince="Carchi">Carmen-Chical</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="AE90C40462344516EAA0B9E4301C588A" degrees="0.4166667" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="0.4166667">0.4166667°N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="421F517ECBC53CB2A285BADA54F4C12B" degrees="78.216666" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.21667">78.216666°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<quantity id="4BE5BAC46960803DCDB417931BA03DE3" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="m" value="1950.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1900.0">
|
|
<elevation id="A1A77B7EF9BEA05C3907CE2CDC7002FD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="m" value="1950.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1900.0">1900-2000 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate id="1F6CD5F63DB220694988420CA8CBC52A" value="2014-11-02">2 Nov 2014</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="D9353123A02861F861062A28005E2662" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<collectorName id="064B45E3339EE338E60F0C4FD292D0CB">AJ Perez</collectorName>
|
|
et al. 7716
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(QCA).
|
|
<emphasis id="2C878A989606D7D9DC3E2BDD1B12D5CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="B5DFFCC5DBE146933025E6F8291A6318" country="Ecuador" name="Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas">
|
|
Santo Domingo de los
|
|
<normalizedToken id="FDF5EB752A4761A4CB83A5E98C9AE59B" originalValue="Tsáchilas">Tsachilas</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<normalizedToken id="0966112844353F88C47CE863156CBD82" originalValue="cantón">canton</normalizedToken>
|
|
Santo Domingo, road between 23
|
|
<collectorName id="76282C3EA3EF2787C6FD40C98FB39A71">de Julio</collectorName>
|
|
y
|
|
<location id="40001CB2DDA3D5203F3F41E4450E602E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:40001CB2DDA3D5203F3F41E4450E602E" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="San Juan de Chirboga" stateProvince="Carchi">San Juan de Chirboga</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="DEE6C97EF44C536427110C287C7F510C" degrees="0.239444" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.239444">0.239444°S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="4037F9068AB254DBBA3DDAA9398EA6D6" degrees="78.848611" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.84861">78.848611°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<quantity id="4D4C1F4F9250DF9669EF0D1A166CB062" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.891" unit="m" value="1891.0">
|
|
<elevation id="8E0CBEC6C7F6573CB9559BA5DB08DFDD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.891" unit="m" value="1891.0">1891 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate id="F924525EC0E3105DF56CFFDE7166924A" value="2021-04-21">21 April 2021</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="0B9681FA33C82E214A76285FE7DC6DFE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<collectorName id="5586D8BBBC5A4804B274CE04BECDCC21">F. Tobar</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName id="7B5258EA5CD8A69C0841CF4C5E311150">G. Rueda</collectorName>
|
|
3644
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(QCA)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</document> |