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<mods:title id="408EF7EDC586A9D663F3FAB5988197F1">An update to the taxonomy of the genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with descriptions of new species from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="40E6A24DD3797DEC4D3D4A3361F6442F">Abdalla, Ishtiag H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C4CBD211339F58EA7CC99EFFD97D871">Deschodt, Christian M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="B276DC1EFFBFFFF9FF0DFA2EFE290418" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996776" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154494807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B276DC1EFFBFFFF9FF0DFA2EFE290418" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B276DC1EFFBFFFF9FF0DFA2EFE290418" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBFFFFBFF0DFA2EFDE700BD" ID-CoL="3X4TY" authority="Sharp, 1880" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,565,1502,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pristinus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBFFFFBFF0DFA2EFDE700BD" bold="true" box="[151,565,1502,1528]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBFFFFBFF0DFA2EFE4500BD" bold="true" box="[151,407,1502,1528]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Macroderes pristinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFBFFFFBFE04FA2EFDE700BD" author="Sharp, D." box="[414,565,1502,1528]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" pagination="36 - 39" refId="ref22311" refString="Sharp, D. (1880) Sur quelques especes du genre Macroderes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 23, 36 - 39." type="journal article" year="1880">Sharp, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBFFFFBFF0DF9F1FE98035F" box="[151,330,1537,1562]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBFFFFBFF0DF9F1FE98035F" blockId="29.[151,565,1502,1562]" box="[151,330,1537,1562]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
(
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBFFFFBFF05F9F1FE90035F" box="[159,322,1537,1562]" captionStart="FIGURES 100102" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[249,1262,232,1585]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[197,1397,191,1711]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 100102. Holotype of M. pristinus Sharp, 1880 and the label associated with the specimen. 100, dorsal view; 101, lateral view; 102, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606206/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Figs. 100102</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBFFFFBFF0DF9B9FF26033B" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBFFFFBFF0DF9B9FF26033B" blockId="29.[151,1437,1609,1662]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1ACF4A26FFBFFFFBFF0DF9B9FF26033B" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBFFFFBFF0DF9B9FDF3031A" ID-CoL="3X4TY" authority="Sharp, 1880: 38" authorityName="Sharp" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,545,1609,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pristinus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBFFFFBFF0DF9B9FEA3031A" box="[151,369,1609,1631]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Macroderes pristinus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFBFFFFBFEE3F9B9FDF3031A" author="Sharp, D." box="[377,545,1609,1631]" page="38" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFBFFFFBFEE3F9B9FE28031A" author="Sharp, D." box="[377,506,1609,1631]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" pagination="36 - 39" refId="ref22311" refString="Sharp, D. (1880) Sur quelques especes du genre Macroderes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 23, 36 - 39." type="journal article" year="1880">Sharp, 1880</bibRefCitation>
: 38
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</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFBFFFFBFDB4F9B9FCDA031A" author="Peringuey, L." box="[558,776,1609,1631]" page="304" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFBFFFFBFDB4F9B9FD01031A" author="Peringuey, L." box="[558,723,1609,1631]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 563" refId="ref22154" refString="Peringuey, L. (1901) Descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa (Lucanidae and Scarabaeidae). Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society, 12 (1), 1 - 563. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8963" type="journal article" year="1901">Péringuey 1901</bibRefCitation>
: 304
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFBFFFFBFC8EF9BAFC1A031A" author="Janssens, A." box="[788,968,1609,1631]" page="29" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFBFFFFBFC8EF9BAFC72031A" author="Janssens, A." box="[788,928,1609,1631]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref21780" refString="Janssens, A. (1939) Coprini. Exploration du Parc National Albert. Mission G. F. de Witte, 29, 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1939">Janssen 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 29
</treatmentCitation>
; Ferreira 1968: 322;
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFBFFFFBFB3FF9B9FF22033B" author="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." page="392" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFBFFFFBFB3FF9B9FA4A031A" author="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[1189,1432,1609,1631]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" pagination="373 - 393" refId="ref21694" refString="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H. (2005) Revision of the southern African genus Macroderes Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 40 (3 - 4), 373 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2004.10697429" type="journal article" year="2005">Frolov &amp; Scholtz 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 392
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBFFFFBFF0DF95AFD5A0216" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBFFFFBFF0DF95AFD7F0386" blockId="29.[151,1436,1706,2019]" box="[151,685,1706,1731]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBFFFFBFF0DF95AFEE70386" bold="true" box="[151,309,1706,1731]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBFFFFBFF0DF95AFF000386" box="[151,210,1706,1731]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Diamonds fields, S[outh] Africa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBFFFFBFF5DF93EFD5A0216" blockId="29.[151,1436,1706,2019]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBFFFFBFF5DF93EFE2A03A2" bold="true" box="[199,504,1742,1767]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFBFFFFBFD9EF93EFD5A0216" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137844" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBFFFFBFD9EF93EFDBD03A2" box="[516,623,1742,1767]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFBFFFFBFDE4F93FFD4103A3" box="[638,659,1743,1766]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="female"></specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="5CCEF5CDFFBFFFFBFD3DF93FFCD603A2" box="[679,772,1743,1767]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">MNHN</collectionCode>
): “
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBFFFFBFCBDF93EFBFF03A3" box="[807,1069,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBFFFFBFCBDF93EFBC803A3" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1880" box="[807,1050,1742,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pristinus">Macroderes pristinus</taxonomicName>
/
</emphasis>
Type / D [David]. S [Sharp] / Diamonds fields / S. a[A]frica [hand written]” // “EX. Musaeo / D [David]. Sharp 1890 [printed]” // “MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL / R. OBERTHUR [printed]” // “
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBFFFFBFCDBF8E7FC0A026A" box="[833,984,1815,1839]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
[red label, printed] //
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBFFFFBFB68F8E7FA54026A" box="[1266,1414,1815,1839]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBFFFFBFF0DF8CBFDDE0216" authority="Sharp 1880" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,524,1850,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pristinus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBFFFFBFF0DF8CBFE570217" box="[151,389,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Macroderes pristinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFBFFFFBFE16F8CAFDDE0216" author="Sharp, D." box="[396,524,1850,1875]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" pagination="36 - 39" refId="ref22311" refString="Sharp, D. (1880) Sur quelques especes du genre Macroderes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 23, 36 - 39." type="journal article" year="1880">Sharp 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[printed]&quot;.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBFFFFBFF5DF8AEFB7E02A6" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBFFFFBFF5DF8AEFB7E02A6" blockId="29.[151,1436,1706,2019]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBFFFFBFF5DF8AEFE020232" bold="true" box="[199,464,1886,1911]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBFFFFBFC9BF8AFFC8A0233" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[769,856,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bias">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBFFFFBFC9BF8AFFC8A0233" box="[769,856,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">M. bias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females through the combination of the following characters: punctate lateral borders of pronotum, elytra stria 9 contiguous to elytra stria 10, even punctuation of pronotum, anterolateral depressions of pronotum and the dense punctate and shagreened elytra, however,
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBFFFFBFAE7F857FF2B02A7" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pristinus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBFFFFBFAE7F857FF2B02A7" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">M. pristinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBFFFFBFDB3F83BFDAF02A6" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[553,637,1995,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bias">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBFFFFBFDB3F83BFDAF02A6" box="[553,637,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">M. bias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a more punctuated, flatter elytra striae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6EA03D80FFBCFFF8FF0DF94DFE0303B7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606206/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="71" startId="30.[151,264,1725,1748]" targetBox="[249,1262,232,1585]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBCFFF8FF0DF94DFE0303B7" blockId="30.[151,1435,1725,1778]" pageId="30" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBCFFF8FF0DF94DFEBF0396" bold="true" box="[151,365,1725,1748]" pageId="30" pageNumber="71">FIGURES 100102.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBCFFF8FE6FF94FFD210396" authority="Sharp, 1880" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1880" box="[501,755,1725,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pristinus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBCFFF8FE6FF94FFDA20391" box="[501,624,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="71">M. pristinus</emphasis>
Sharp, 1880
</taxonomicName>
and the label associated with the specimen. 100, dorsal view; 101, lateral view; 102, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBCFFF9FF5DF8C8FE290418" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="30" pageNumber="71" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBCFFF9FF5DF8C8FDBC0590" blockId="30.[151,1436,1848,2017]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1436,151,349]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="30" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBCFFF8FF5DF8C8FEE90214" bold="true" box="[199,315,1848,1873]" pageId="30" pageNumber="71">Remarks.</emphasis>
We agree with
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFBCFFF8FE77F8C8FCD60214" author="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[493,772,1848,1873]" pageId="30" pageNumber="71" pagination="373 - 393" refId="ref21694" refString="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H. (2005) Revision of the southern African genus Macroderes Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 40 (3 - 4), 373 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2004.10697429" type="journal article" year="2005">Frolov &amp; Scholtz (2005)</bibRefCitation>
in that this species is very close to females of
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBCFFF8FA8CF8C9FAB90215" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1302,1387,1848,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bias">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBCFFF8FA8CF8C9FAB90215" box="[1302,1387,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="71">M. bias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and probably the same species. We compared the
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBCFFF8FD3EF8ACFCD40230" box="[676,774,1884,1909]" pageId="30" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBCFFF8FCAAF8ADFC6B0231" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1880" box="[816,953,1885,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pristinus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBCFFF8FCAAF8ADFC6B0231" box="[816,953,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="71">M. pristinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with females of
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBCFFF8FBE5F8ADFB060230" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1151,1236,1885,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bias">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBCFFF8FBE5F8ADFB060230" box="[1151,1236,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="71">M. bias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and insignificant differences are noted between the two species. The most significant difference is that the elytral striae in
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBCFFF8FAE7F871FF2B02F9" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pristinus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBCFFF8FAE7F871FF2B02F9" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="71">M. pristinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are much flatter and densely punctuated than those of
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBCFFF8FC0BF855FC3902F8" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[913,1003,1957,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bias">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBCFFF8FC0BF855FC3902F8" box="[913,1003,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="71">M. bias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The examined material show many common characteristics summarized as follows: the punctate lateral borders of pronotum, elytra stria 9 very close to elytra stria 10, regular rounded punctures of pronotum, the excavation of pronotum antero-laterally and the shagreened elytra with dense punctuation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBDFFF9FF5DFF2FFE290418" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,349]" pageId="31" pageNumber="72">
Although the validity of the species is questioned, it is not possible to transfer it to
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBDFFF9FBEDFF11FB1F05BD" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1143,1229,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bias">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBDFFF9FBEDFF11FB1F05BD" box="[1143,1229,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="72">M. bias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the species has been described from a single female specimen and collected from a different site opposite to
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBDFFF9FB40FEF2FAE0045C" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1242,1330,257,281]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bias">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBDFFF9FB40FEF2FAE0045C" box="[1242,1330,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="72">M. bias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
range of distribution. Additional male and female specimens from the
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBDFFF9FCF1FED3FC49047E" box="[875,923,291,315]" pageId="31" pageNumber="72">type</typeStatus>
locality may provide more evidence of the taxonomic status of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>