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<document id="F3B5B13A35A0545E2B88F2C46DDB4386" ID-CLB-Dataset="28091" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0b803003-244e-4511-aaf4-5e9c3f863861" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2606164" ID-ZooBank="52BA28B6-4280-4BD0-8B38-C794F04E4A66" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553577945224" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Deschodt, Christian M., Scholtz, Clarke H. &amp; Sole, Catherine L." docDate="2018" docId="B276DC1EFFBBFFFCFF0DFD44FC810458" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4504.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4504 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Macroderes oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt &amp; Scholtz &amp; Sole 2018, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="D2AC74D3-5FC1-4996-9F28-0C4C8BBA3D66" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="4E4FA466FFA2FFE6FF9AFFF0FFD20545" masterDocTitle="An update to the taxonomy of the genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with descriptions of new species from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="66" updateTime="1698712718888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="2FE51B1F16FFE15C0310201F936E0C13" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C474E3D2719F9CAC8A2790A41F8C600F">
<mods:title id="408D8259B6F7E71C50A70AFEC3E2D879">An update to the taxonomy of the genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with descriptions of new species from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6C16E08F067A017013FB330B52C10815">Abdalla, Ishtiag H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="946B569BAB1DAD8D13CA542EA41CE863">Deschodt, Christian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE0E50DE57B437FE4511708D24E30BA9">Scholtz, Clarke H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="785CFBC78305B617DDA55B89E426A770">Sole, Catherine L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EF39A536EA80CB2C36828F4247743ADA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CF3E12DF970320D670FEC7A2E641AB29">
<mods:date id="7094E1D3C597D7C365CCBF313A47EA19">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="59B776D8F9F9EEC09B0FEB16F42EC5EF">2018-10-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B10E91A1BF163688DF9D82C820E97AFF">4504</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="40C851DBD988908EC7C468D0E9BA8AAF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="03F65755DE89D21AFF96D8E0289A12F8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B276DC1EFFBBFFFCFF0DFD44FC810458" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996756" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154494800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996756" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D2AC74D3-5FC1-4996-9F28-0C4C8BBA3D66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B276DC1EFFBBFFFCFF0DFD44FC810458" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBBFFFFFF0DFD44FCF9078B" box="[151,811,692,718]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF0DFD44FCF9078B" blockId="25.[151,811,692,751]" box="[151,811,692,718]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<heading id="6128DA64FFBBFFFFFF0DFD44FCF9078B" bold="true" box="[151,811,692,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" reason="1">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF0DFD44FCF9078B" bold="true" box="[151,811,692,718]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBBFFFFFF0DFD44FD5C078B" ID-CoL="72SDB" authority="Abdalla &amp; Deschodt" authorityName="Abdalla &amp; Deschodt &amp; Scholtz &amp; Sole" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,654,692,718]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oreatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF0DFD44FE55078B" bold="true" box="[151,391,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Macroderes oreatus</emphasis>
Abdalla &amp; Deschodt
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="13980C61FFBBFFFFFD01FD44FCF9078B" box="[667,811,692,718]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBBFFFFFF0DFD26FD9E0616" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF0DFD26FE7E07AA" blockId="25.[151,811,692,751]" box="[151,428,726,751]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
(
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFF05FD26FF2E07AA" box="[159,252,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–23" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[411,1172,706,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[337,1297,671,1926]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 19–23. Habitus of Macroderes species. 19, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 20, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 21, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 22, M. tourtosus Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 23, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606176/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFE92FD26FEF407AA" box="[264,294,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–39" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[323,1250,205,1286]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[323,1283,195,1303]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 24–39. Internal sac of aedeagus (24), aedeagus (25) and internal sac sclerite (26-39) of Macroderes species. 26, M. endroedyi Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 27, M. amplior Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 28, M. bias (Olivier, 1789); 29, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 30, M. cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 31, M. foveatus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 32, M. gifboomi Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 33, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 34, M. mutilans Kolbe, 1908; 35, M. namakwanus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 36, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 37, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species; 38, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 39, M. tourtosus Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606178/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFEA8FD27FE8307AA" box="[306,337,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–81" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1637,1660]" captionTargetBox="[171,1423,205,1613]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[171,1423,205,1613]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 76–81. Punctuation of the base of pronotum of Macroderes species. 76, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 77, M. gifboomi Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 78, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 79, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species; 80, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 81, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606198/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">78</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFEC7FD26FEA907AA" box="[349,379,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 82–87" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1505,1528]" captionTargetBox="[316,1276,406,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[316,1276,406,1475]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 82–87. Pronotum punctures shape of Macroderes species. 82, M. tourtosus Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 83, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 84, M. gifboomi Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 85, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 86, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 87, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606200/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">86</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFE1CFD26FE7107AA" box="[390,419,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–99" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[316,1273,193,1274]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[316,1273,193,1274]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 94–99. Sculpture of second elytra intervals of Macroderes species. 94, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 95, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 96, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 97, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species; 98, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 99, M. tourtosus Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606204/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">96</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF0DFCEEFC510671" blockId="25.[151,899,798,851]" box="[151,899,798,820]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<uri id="4E4E610AFFBBFFFFFF0DFCEEFC510671" box="[151,899,798,820]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="4E7957DDFFBBFFFFFE09FCEEFC510671" box="[403,899,798,820]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">D2AC74D3-5FC1-4996-9F28-0C4C8BBA3D66</uuid>
</uri>
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<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF0DFCCDFD9E0616" blockId="25.[151,899,798,851]" box="[151,588,829,851]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1ACF4A26FFBBFFFFFF0DFCCDFD9E0616" box="[151,588,829,851]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBBFFFFFF0DFCCDFEC20616" ID-CoL="5JCX" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,272,829,851]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF0DFCCDFEC20616" box="[151,272,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Macroderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.:
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFBBFFFFFEA5FCCDFD9A0616" author="Sole, C. L. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[319,584,829,851]" page="636" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFBBFFFFFEA5FCCDFDC40616" author="Sole, C. L. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[319,534,829,851]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" pagination="631 - 641" refId="ref22339" refString="Sole, C. L. &amp; Scholtz, C. H. (2010) Did dung beetles arise in Africa? A phylogenetic hypothesis based on five gene regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 631 - 641. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.04.023" type="journal article" year="2010">Sole &amp; Scholtz 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 636
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBBFFFFFF0DFC8FFC9A01FD" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF0DFC8FFEE706DD" bold="true" box="[151,309,895,920]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Type locality.</emphasis>
Armmanshoek, Richtersveld NP,
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.
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<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF5DFC54FEAC06F8" bold="true" box="[199,382,932,957]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Type material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBBFFFFFE17FC54FE2806F8" box="[397,506,932,957]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
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(
<collectionCode id="5CCEF5CDFFBBFFFFFDA0FC54FD5D06F9" box="[570,655,932,956]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">TMSA</collectionCode>
): “Armmanshoek / Richtersveld NP /
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/
<date id="4E614BC8FFBBFFFFFF0DFC37FED906A5" box="[151,267,967,992]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" value="2005-04-13">
<collectingDate id="5E25B220FFBBFFFFFF0DFC37FED906A5" box="[151,267,967,992]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" value="2005-04-13">13.iv.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
/
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</quantity>
/
<collectorName id="972A08DEFFBBFFFFFE11FC38FDC806A5" box="[395,538,967,992]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">C. Deschodt</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="972A08DEFFBBFFFFFDDDFC38FD0A06A5" box="[583,728,967,992]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">A. Deschodt</collectorName>
[printed] //
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBBFFFFFCF6FC38FBD206A5" box="[876,1024,968,992]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBBFFFFFB85FC38FAD106A5" authorityName="Abdalla &amp; Deschodt &amp; Scholtz &amp; Sole" authorityYear="2018" box="[1055,1283,968,992]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oreatus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFB85FC38FAD106A5" box="[1055,1283,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Macroderes oreatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Abdalla &amp; Deschodt / 2018 [red label, printed]”
</materialsCitation>
;
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBBFFFFFDDCFC1DFD650140" box="[582,695,1005,1029]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFBBFFFFFD58FC1CFD3A0140" box="[706,744,1004,1029]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFBBFFFFFD72FC1CFBC40140" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137849" box="[744,1046,1004,1029]" collectingDate="2005-04-13" collectionCode="TMSA" collectorName="C. Deschodt &amp; A. Deschodt" elevation="623" latitude="-28.41756" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.07902" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">f #, same data as holotype</materialsCitation>
,
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<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFBBFFFFFBB8FC1CFB970141" box="[1058,1093,1004,1028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="5CCEF5CDFFBBFFFFFBCEFC1CFB750141" box="[1108,1191,1004,1028]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">TMSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
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<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFBBFFFFFB21FC1CFB260141" box="[1211,1268,1004,1028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="5CCEF5CDFFBBFFFFFA99FC1CFA820141" box="[1283,1360,1004,1028]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/73qr-ciny" name="University of Pretoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">UPSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFBBFFFFFAFEFC1CFF2A016D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137851" collectionCode="SANC" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFBBFFFFFAFEFC1CFA4E0141" box="[1380,1436,1004,1028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="5CCEF5CDFFBBFFFFFF05FBE0FF22016D" box="[159,240,1040,1064]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" name="Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">SANC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF5DFBC4FA810108" blockId="25.[151,1437,895,2037]" box="[199,1363,1076,1101]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF5DFBC4FE1A0108" bold="true" box="[199,456,1076,1101]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBBFFFFFF5DFBC4FEE60108" box="[199,308,1076,1101]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
description.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBBFFFFFE54FBC4FDEB0108" box="[462,569,1076,1101]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFBBFFFFFDDFFBC5FD880109" box="[581,602,1077,1100]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFDF3FBC4FD6F0109" box="[617,701,1076,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–23" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[411,1172,706,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[337,1297,671,1926]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 19–23. Habitus of Macroderes species. 19, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 20, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 21, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 22, M. tourtosus Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 23, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606176/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Body length
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFBBFFFFFCFBFBC4FC6B0109" box="[865,953,1076,1100]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFBBFFFFFB96FBC4FBB70109" box="[1036,1125,1076,1100]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
. Specimen is teneral.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF5DFBA7FC9A01FD" blockId="25.[151,1437,895,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF5DFBA7FEDF0135" bold="true" box="[199,269,1111,1136]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Head.</emphasis>
Genae right-angled. Frontal suture very distinct, curving slightly, no tubercle. Genal sutures barely discernible. Dorsal surface of clypeus behind frontal suture punctate punctures small, irregular and separated by 1– 3 puncture diameters, gradually becoming rugose proximally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBBFFFFFF5DFB34FD60032D" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF5DFB34FC730060" blockId="25.[151,1437,895,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF5DFB34FE950198" bold="true" box="[199,327,1220,1245]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Pronotum.</emphasis>
Convex, lateral margins round. Anterior lateral angles almost right-angled, posterior lateral angles rounded. No excavation anterolaterally. Lateral border not punctate. Dorsal surface shagreened to matte, with regular punctures separated by 1–2 puncture diameters (
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFC91FAFCFCBB0061" box="[779,873,1292,1317]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–81" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1637,1660]" captionTargetBox="[171,1423,205,1613]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[171,1423,205,1613]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 76–81. Punctuation of the base of pronotum of Macroderes species. 76, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 77, M. gifboomi Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 78, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 79, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species; 80, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 81, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606198/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Figs. 78</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFCEEFAFCFC460060" box="[884,916,1292,1317]" captionStart="FIGURES 82–87" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1505,1528]" captionTargetBox="[316,1276,406,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[316,1276,406,1475]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 82–87. Pronotum punctures shape of Macroderes species. 82, M. tourtosus Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 83, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 84, M. gifboomi Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 85, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 86, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 87, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606200/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">86</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF5DFADFFCED009D" blockId="25.[151,1437,895,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF5DFADFFEC8000D" bold="true" box="[199,282,1327,1352]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Elytra.</emphasis>
Elytral interstriae 1–8 even, shagreened, irregularly punctate, punctures irregularly sized, separated by 0.5–2 puncture diameters, margins of punctures not carinate (
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFCD0FAA4FC4D0028" box="[842,927,1364,1389]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–99" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[316,1273,193,1274]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[316,1273,193,1274]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 94–99. Sculpture of second elytra intervals of Macroderes species. 94, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 95, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 96, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 97, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species; 98, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 99, M. tourtosus Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606204/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
). Striae punctate with punctures separated by 2–4 puncture diameters. Sutural interstria narrow with single row of punctures up to apex, all other elytral interstriae wider, with 2–3 very irregular rows of punctures. Stria 9 long, 3/4 the length of elytron; interstria 10 is 2–3 times narrower than interstria
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFBBFFFFFD83FA30FD96009D" box="[537,580,1471,1496]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
the middle of elytron.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF5DFA14FB2300B8" blockId="25.[151,1437,895,2037]" box="[199,1265,1508,1533]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF5DFA14FE9300B8" bold="true" box="[199,321,1508,1533]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
Sclerite of the internal sac straight, with weakly developed lateral process. (
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFB0DFA14FB3B00B8" box="[1175,1257,1508,1533]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–39" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[323,1250,205,1286]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[323,1283,195,1303]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 24–39. Internal sac of aedeagus (24), aedeagus (25) and internal sac sclerite (26-39) of Macroderes species. 26, M. endroedyi Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 27, M. amplior Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 28, M. bias (Olivier, 1789); 29, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 30, M. cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 31, M. foveatus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 32, M. gifboomi Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 33, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 34, M. mutilans Kolbe, 1908; 35, M. namakwanus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 36, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 37, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species; 38, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 39, M. tourtosus Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606178/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF5DF9F7FCAE0365" blockId="25.[151,1437,895,2037]" box="[199,892,1543,1568]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF5DF9F7FE980365" bold="true" box="[199,330,1543,1568]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Size range.</emphasis>
Females length: 7.0–
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFBBFFFFFDA1F9F8FD460365" box="[571,660,1544,1568]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
; width:
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFBBFFFFFD74F9F7FCAA0365" box="[750,888,1543,1568]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="4.7" valueMax="4.9" valueMin="4.5">4.5–4.9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF5DF9DCFD60032D" blockId="25.[151,1437,895,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF5DF9DCFEF70300" bold="true" box="[199,293,1580,1605]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Female.</emphasis>
Female differs from male by having less developed frontal suture as well as the elytral striae 1–8 being less shagreened and shinier than in males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBBFFFFFF54F984FC4003C8" box="[206,914,1652,1677]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF54F984FC4003C8" blockId="25.[151,1437,895,2037]" box="[206,914,1652,1677]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF54F984FE8703C8" bold="true" box="[206,341,1652,1677]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</emphasis>
Oreads are Greek mythological mountain nymphs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBBFFFFFF5DF967FC4D0391" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF5DF967FC4D0391" blockId="25.[151,1437,895,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF5DF967FE1C03F5" bold="true" box="[199,462,1687,1712]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
Superficially similar to species from the
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFBBFFFFFC07F969FBCE03EA" authorityName="Frolov and Scholtz" authorityYear="2005" box="[925,1052,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFC07F969FBCE03EA" box="[925,1052,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">M. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group but can be separated by the more oval body shape (
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFE07F94CFE3C0391" box="[413,494,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–23" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[411,1172,706,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[337,1297,671,1926]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 19–23. Habitus of Macroderes species. 19, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 20, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 21, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 22, M. tourtosus Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 23, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606176/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) and by having a longer elytral stria 9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBBFFFFFF5DF92FFB070220" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF5DF92FFB070220" blockId="25.[151,1437,895,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF5DF92FFE2E03BD" bold="true" box="[199,508,1759,1784]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
This species was collected in an isolated, mesic ravine (Armmanshoek) in the Vanderster Mountains in the Richtersveld National Park,
<collectingCountry id="42C82D98FFBBFFFFFCA0F8F4FC020258" box="[826,976,1796,1821]" name="South Africa" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFBBFFFFFC7EF8F4FBFC0259" box="[996,1070,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1574,1596]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Macroderes species." pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFBBFFFFFBDDF8F4FA4E0258" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C." box="[1095,1436,1796,1821]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 807" refId="ref21930" refString="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. (Eds.) (2006) The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia, 19, 1 - 807." type="journal article" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford (2006)</bibRefCitation>
classify this area as the Stinkfonteinberge Quartzite Fynbos vegetation
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFBBFFFFFC2DF8D9FC390204" box="[951,1003,1833,1857]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
. The soils are predominantly loamy. It receives approximately
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFBBFFFFFE38F8BCFE2D0221" box="[418,511,1868,1892]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
rain per year. Coastal fogs occur between 10 and 20 days a year.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFBBFFFCFF5DF89FFC810458" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFBBFFFFFF5DF89FFA4E02B1" blockId="25.[151,1437,895,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFBBFFFFFF5DF89FFEE902CD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1903,1928]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">Remarks.</emphasis>
Three specimens were sequenced for five gene regions (A, cytochrome oxidase I; B, 16S ribosomal RNA; C, 28S rRNA domain 2; D, 28S rRNA domain 3; and E, the CPSase region of
<collectingCountry id="42C82D98FFBBFFFFFBC0F864FB4702E9" box="[1114,1173,1940,1964]" name="Chad" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">CAD</collectingCountry>
(carbamoyl–phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase)). The sequences can be found in GenBank (submitted by
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFBBFFFFFEDCF82CFD9702B1" author="Sole, C. L. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[326,581,2012,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="66" pagination="631 - 641" refId="ref22339" refString="Sole, C. L. &amp; Scholtz, C. H. (2010) Did dung beetles arise in Africa? A phylogenetic hypothesis based on five gene regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 631 - 641. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.04.023" type="journal article" year="2010">Sole &amp; Scholtz 2010</bibRefCitation>
) with the following accession numbers: specimen 1, A:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFBBFFFFFB62F82CFAA602B1" box="[1272,1396,2012,2036]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ290039" pageId="25" pageNumber="66">GQ290039</accessionNumber>
B:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFB8FFFCFF0DFF67FC810458" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFF0DFF67FEC105F5" box="[151,275,151,176]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ289687" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ289687</accessionNumber>
C:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFEA5FF68FE6905F5" box="[319,443,152,176]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ289821" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ289821</accessionNumber>
D:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFE72FF67FDB705F5" box="[488,613,151,176]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ289905" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ289905</accessionNumber>
E:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFD15FF68FCDD05F5" box="[655,783,152,176]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ289974" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ289974</accessionNumber>
; specimen 2, A:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFC4AFF68FB9F05F5" box="[976,1101,152,176]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ290040" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ290040</accessionNumber>
B:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFBE2FF67FB2605F5" box="[1144,1268,151,176]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ289688" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ289688</accessionNumber>
C:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFABAFF68FA4F05F5" box="[1312,1437,152,176]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ289822" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ289822</accessionNumber>
D:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFF5BFF4CFEEF0590" box="[193,317,188,213]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ289906" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ289906</accessionNumber>
E: no sequence; specimen 3, A:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFD44FF4CFC890591" box="[734,859,188,212]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ290041" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ290041</accessionNumber>
B:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFC0BFF4CFBDF0590" box="[913,1037,188,213]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ289689" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ289689</accessionNumber>
C:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFBDEFF4CFB120591" box="[1092,1216,188,212]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ289823" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ289823</accessionNumber>
D:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFB63FF4CFAA70591" box="[1273,1397,188,212]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ289907" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ289907</accessionNumber>
E:
<accessionNumber id="258CF0EBFFB8FFFCFF0DFF2FFEC505BD" box="[151,279,223,248]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ289975" pageId="26" pageNumber="67">GQ289975</accessionNumber>
. A label with GenBank accession numbers has been added to each of the three specimens. Specimens were dissected during DNA extraction and are kept in ethanol.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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