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<document id="DE0EE7D91D4F91B5644946B8CE564AE4" ID-CLB-Dataset="28091" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0b803003-244e-4511-aaf4-5e9c3f863861" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2606164" ID-ZooBank="52BA28B6-4280-4BD0-8B38-C794F04E4A66" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553577945224" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Deschodt, Christian M., Scholtz, Clarke H. &amp; Sole, Catherine L." docDate="2018" docId="B276DC1EFFAAFFEFFF0DFA36FBD507C1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4504.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4504 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Macroderes cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="4E4FA466FFA2FFE6FF9AFFF0FFD20545" masterDocTitle="An update to the taxonomy of the genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with descriptions of new species from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698712718888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B5EDB96CB3A9140594F764EA6732C760">An update to the taxonomy of the genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with descriptions of new species from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="64A23A5303EBF9C159A7F02D0A0107BA">Abdalla, Ishtiag H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ECE8A55DBD5C2C0E54EE4A5E1036297B">Deschodt, Christian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4C9D6718DFEDB6C4300B0A8562FEA87C">Scholtz, Clarke H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F46B4FA9D2BA8C488A0D383AA14C5D8">Sole, Catherine L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="25BC8CC320F9A72A8901A792A619DC39">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0C2FD2731AE36E21404E5E4CC7929F09">
<mods:date id="EDB7838DFE3FC932B732EBD08758BE05">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6ACE0CE33F4B017C6D7D24C4BFF14530">2018-10-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8FD0976917109AB41A1CFD547FA165C7">4504</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7463D557699D2FE4CF6287241929B560" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B276DC1EFFAAFFEFFF0DFA36FBD507C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996728" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154494817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B276DC1EFFAAFFEFFF0DFA36FBD507C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B276DC1EFFAAFFEFFF0DFA36FBD507C1" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFAAFFEEFF0DFA36FD6D00A5" box="[151,703,1478,1504]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFAAFFEEFF0DFA36FD6D00A5" blockId="8.[151,703,1478,1538]" box="[151,703,1478,1504]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="6128DA64FFAAFFEEFF0DFA36FD6D00A5" bold="true" box="[151,703,1478,1504]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFAAFFEEFF0DFA36FD6D00A5" ID-CoL="3X4TG" authority="Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005" authorityName="Frolov &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,703,1478,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFAAFFEEFF0DFA36FD6D00A5" bold="true" box="[151,703,1478,1504]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFAAFFEEFF0DFA36FE4B00A5" bold="true" box="[151,409,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Macroderes cornutus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFAAFFEEFE3AFA36FD6D00A5" author="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[416,703,1478,1504]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" pagination="373 - 393" refId="ref21694" refString="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H. (2005) Revision of the southern African genus Macroderes Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 40 (3 - 4), 373 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2004.10697429" type="journal article" year="2005">Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFAAFFEEFF0DFA19FE1A0347" box="[151,456,1513,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFAAFFEEFF0DFA19FE1A0347" blockId="8.[151,703,1478,1538]" box="[151,456,1513,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
(
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFAAFFEEFF05FA19FF3F0347" box="[159,237,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1319,1342]" captionTargetBox="[333,1214,234,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[323,1283,195,1362]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–6. Habitus of Macroderes species. 3, M. amplior Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 4, M. arrowi Janssens, 1939; 5, M. cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 6, M. endroedyi Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606168/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFAAFFEEFF60FA1AFECB0347" box="[250,281,1514,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–39" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[323,1250,205,1286]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[323,1283,195,1303]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 24–39. Internal sac of aedeagus (24), aedeagus (25) and internal sac sclerite (26-39) of Macroderes species. 26, M. endroedyi Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 27, M. amplior Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 28, M. bias (Olivier, 1789); 29, M. cederbergensis Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 30, M. cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 31, M. foveatus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 32, M. gifboomi Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species; 33, M. leipoldti Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 34, M. mutilans Kolbe, 1908; 35, M. namakwanus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 36, M. oreatus Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 37, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species; 38, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 39, M. tourtosus Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606178/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFAAFFEEFEBFFA1AFE910347" box="[293,323,1514,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–45" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[306,1266,609,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[306,1266,609,1690]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 40–45. Pronotum of Macroderes species. 40, M. foveatus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 41, M. cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 42, M. namakwanus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 43, M. politulus Preudhomme de Borre, 1880; 44, M. greeni (Kirby, 1818); 45, M. endroedyi Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606180/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">41</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFAAFFEEFED4FA1AFE6D0347" box="[334,447,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–51" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[311,1265,844,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[311,1265,844,1918]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46–51. Lateral side of pronotum (46, 47) and dorsal and lateral side of the head (48–51) of Macroderes species. 46, 49, 51, M. foveatus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 47, 48, 50, M. cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606184/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">47, 48, 50</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFAAFFEEFF0DF9C1FD4C0302" box="[151,670,1585,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFAAFFEEFF0DF9C1FD4C0302" blockId="8.[151,670,1585,1607]" box="[151,670,1585,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1ACF4A26FFAAFFEEFF0DF9C1FD4C0302" box="[151,670,1585,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFAAFFEEFF0DF9C1FD480302" ID-CoL="3X4TG" authority="Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005: 391" authorityName="Frolov &amp; Scholtz" authorityPageNumber="391" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,666,1585,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFAAFFEEFF0DF9C1FEBC0302" box="[151,366,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Macroderes cornutus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFAAFFEEFEEEF9C1FD480302" author="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[372,666,1585,1607]" page="391" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFAAFFEEFEEEF9C1FDB50302" author="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[372,615,1585,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" pagination="373 - 393" refId="ref21694" refString="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H. (2005) Revision of the southern African genus Macroderes Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 40 (3 - 4), 373 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2004.10697429" type="journal article" year="2005">Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 391
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFAAFFEFFF0DF984FF1805B2" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFAAFFEEFF0DF984FC7703C8" blockId="8.[151,1437,1652,2036]" box="[151,933,1652,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFAAFFEEFF0DF984FEE703C8" bold="true" box="[151,309,1652,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFAAFFEEFF0DF984FF0003C8" box="[151,210,1652,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Namaqualand, Sand kop 322 [
<geoCoordinate id="5FEB0BCFFFAAFFEEFD14F984FCDC03C9" box="[654,782,1652,1676]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" precision="15" value="-29.642221">29°38'32''S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5FEB0BCFFFAAFFEEFC8FF984FC4803C8" box="[789,922,1652,1677]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" precision="15" value="17.148056">17°08'53''E</geoCoordinate>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFAAFFEEFF5DF967FF2E02B1" blockId="8.[151,1437,1652,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFAAFFEEFF5DF967FE2103F5" bold="true" box="[199,499,1687,1712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFAAFFEEFE66F967FD2403F5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137771" box="[508,758,1687,1712]" collectionCode="TMSA" country="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFAAFFEEFE66F967FDB503F5" box="[508,615,1687,1712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFAAFFEEFDEEF968FD5B03EA" box="[628,649,1688,1711]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="5CCEF5CDFFAAFFEEFD00F968FD3D03F5" box="[666,751,1688,1712]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">TMSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFAAFFEEFC99F968FC6A0258" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137760" collectingDate="VIII. 1" country="South Africa" latitude="-29.641945" location="Afr" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="17.148056" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
“S.
<location id="3F003BD3FFAAFFEEFCB5F967FC8803F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B276DC1EFFAAFFEFFF0DFA36FBD507C1:3F003BD3FFAAFFEEFCB5F967FC8803F5" box="[815,858,1687,1712]" country="South Africa" latitude="-29.641945" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="17.148056" name="Afr" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Afr</location>
: NAMAQUALAND / SAND KOP / 322 /
<geoCoordinate id="5FEB0BCFFFAAFFEEFAD1F968FF360391" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" precision="15" value="-29.641945">29° 38' 31'' S–</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5FEB0BCFFFAAFFEEFF7FF94CFEA50391" box="[229,375,1724,1749]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" precision="15" value="17.148056">17° 08' 53'' E</geoCoordinate>
/ 19.
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<collectingDate id="5E25B220FFAAFFEEFE22F94DFDD60391" box="[440,516,1724,1748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">VIII. 1</collectingDate>
</date>
996 / J. duG. HARRISON leg [printed] // UNIV / PRET / ZOO &amp; ENTO / J. duG. HARRISON / 1996 / SITE 61 NO c / VEGETATED DUNE / nr / K. BUSH. RAT. TEST [printed] //
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFAAFFEEFB6CF910FA4E03BD" box="[1270,1436,1760,1784]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">HOLOTYPUS</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFAAFFEEFF3DF8F4FE4A0259" authorityName="Frolov &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2005" box="[167,408,1796,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFAAFFEEFF3DF8F4FE4A0259" box="[167,408,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Macroderes cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Frolov &amp; Scholtz / 2003 [red label, printed]”
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFAAFFEEFC5FF8F5FA870259" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137786" box="[965,1365,1796,1821]" collectionCode="TMSA" country="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFAAFFEEFC5FF8F5FBE40258" box="[965,1078,1797,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFAAFFEEFBD8F8F4FBBC0259" box="[1090,1134,1796,1820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFAAFFEEFB32F8F4FB3B0259" box="[1192,1257,1796,1820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="5CCEF5CDFFAAFFEEFB60F8F4FA9F0259" box="[1274,1357,1796,1820]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">TMSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFAAFFEEFAF8F8F5FE840205" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137763" collectingDate="VIII. 1" country="South Africa" latitude="-29.641945" location="Afr" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="17.148056" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">same data as holotype</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFAAFFEEFEF9F8D8FE2D0205" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137756" box="[355,511,1832,1856]" collectionCode="TMSA" country="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFAAFFEEFEF9F8D8FE42027A" box="[355,400,1832,1856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="5CCEF5CDFFAAFFEEFE38F8D8FE250205" box="[418,503,1832,1856]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">TMSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFAAFFEEFD96F8D8FD4A02CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137765" collectingDate="1977-09-02" collectorName="Endrody-Younga" country="South Africa" county="Afr" latitude="-30.55" location="Coast" longLatPrecision="1221" longitude="17.366667" municipality="Namaq" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
“S.
<collectingCounty id="D3011584FFAAFFEEFDA3F8D7FDB20205" box="[569,608,1831,1856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Afr</collectingCounty>
/
<collectingMunicipality id="DA04F772FFAAFFEEFDE1F8D8FD1E027A" box="[635,716,1832,1855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Namaq</collectingMunicipality>
/
<location id="3F003BD3FFAAFFEEFD72F8D8FCFA0205" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B276DC1EFFAAFFEFFF0DFA36FBD507C1:3F003BD3FFAAFFEEFD72F8D8FCFA0205" box="[744,808,1832,1856]" country="South Africa" county="Afr" latitude="-30.55" longLatPrecision="1221" longitude="17.366667" municipality="Namaq" name="Coast" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Coast</location>
/
<location id="3F003BD3FFAAFFEEFCD9F8D7FC090205" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B276DC1EFFAAFFEFFF0DFA36FBD507C1:3F003BD3FFAAFFEEFCD9F8D7FC090205" box="[835,987,1831,1856]" country="South Africa" county="Afr" latitude="-30.55" longLatPrecision="1221" longitude="17.366667" municipality="Namaq" name="Strandfontein" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Strandfontein</location>
farm /
<geoCoordinate id="5FEB0BCFFFAAFFEEFBAFF8D8FB730205" box="[1077,1185,1832,1856]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" precision="925" value="-30.55">30° 33' S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5FEB0BCFFFAAFFEEFB30F8D8FAC5027A" box="[1194,1303,1832,1856]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" precision="925" value="17.366667">17° 22' E</geoCoordinate>
[printed] //
<date id="4E614BC8FFAAFFEEFF0DF8BCFF2B0221" box="[151,249,1868,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="1977-09-02">
<collectingDate id="5E25B220FFAAFFEEFF0DF8BCFF2B0221" box="[151,249,1868,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="1977-09-02">2.9.1977</collectingDate>
</date>
/ E–Y: 1373 / singled dunes /
<collectorName id="972A08DEFFAAFFEEFDC0F8BCFCFE0220" box="[602,812,1868,1893]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Endrödy—Younga</collectorName>
leg [printed] //
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFAAFFEEFC7EF8BCFB500221" box="[996,1154,1868,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">PARATYPUS</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFAAFFEEFB01F8BCFA590221" authorityName="Frolov &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2005" box="[1179,1419,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFAAFFEEFB01F8BCFA590221" box="[1179,1419,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Macroderes cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Frolov &amp; Scholtz / 2003 [red label, printed]”
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFAAFFEEFD3EF880FBB90294" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137789" collectingDate="2003-09-02" collectingDateMax="2003-09-13" collectingDateMin="2003-09-02" collectorName="Deschodt" country="South Africa" location="Wallekraal" longitude="0.28333333" municipality="Prov" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Northern Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFAAFFEEFD3EF880FD3A02C2" box="[676,744,1904,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
: “
<collectingCountry id="42C82D98FFAAFFEEFD64F880FCE502CD" box="[766,823,1904,1928]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">RSA</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingRegion id="F81BA3EAFFAAFFEEFCCAF89FFC2402CD" box="[848,1014,1903,1928]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="DA04F772FFAAFFEEFC65F880FBE602C2" box="[1023,1076,1904,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Prov</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFAAFFEEFBD6F880FB5402CD" box="[1100,1158,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
/ W of /
<location id="3F003BD3FFAAFFEEFB6AF89FFABA02CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B276DC1EFFAAFFEFFF0DFA36FBD507C1:3F003BD3FFAAFFEEFB6AF89FFABA02CD" box="[1264,1384,1903,1928]" country="South Africa" longitude="0.28333333" municipality="Prov" name="Wallekraal" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Wallekraal</location>
/ A. Frolov &amp;
<collectorName id="972A08DEFFAAFFEEFE96F864FEA402E8" box="[268,374,1940,1965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Deschodt</collectorName>
leg [printed] // AF-003(11) /
<date id="4E614BC8FFAAFFEEFD4CF864FC5402E9" box="[726,902,1940,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="2003-09-02" valueMax="2003-09-13" valueMin="2003-09-02">
<collectingDate id="5E25B220FFAAFFEEFD4CF864FC5402E9" box="[726,902,1940,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="2003-09-02" valueMax="2003-09-13" valueMin="2003-09-02">2–13. IX. 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
/ S 30 2214.74°
<geoCoordinate id="5FEB0BCFFFAAFFEEFBCFF865FB4802E9" box="[1109,1178,1940,1964]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" precision="925" value="0.28333333">E 0 17</geoCoordinate>
2844. 93° [printed] //
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFAAFFEEFF0DF848FEE70295" box="[151,309,1976,2000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">PARATYPUS</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFAAFFEEFECAF848FD930295" authorityName="Frolov &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2005" box="[336,577,1976,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFAAFFEEFECAF848FD930295" box="[336,577,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Macroderes cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Frolov &amp; Scholtz / 2003 [red label, printed]”
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFAAFFEEFBE2F848FA930295" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137757" box="[1144,1345,1976,2001]" collectionCode="UPSA" country="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFAAFFEEFBE2F848FB680295" box="[1144,1210,1976,2000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
in (
<collectionCode id="5CCEF5CDFFAAFFEEFB76F848FAEB0295" box="[1260,1337,1976,2000]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/73qr-ciny" name="University of Pretoria" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">UPSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFAAFFEEFAD5F848FF2A02B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137774" collectionCode="SANC" country="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFAAFFEEFAD5F848FAAE0295" box="[1359,1404,1976,2000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
in (
<collectionCode id="5CCEF5CDFFAAFFEEFF05F82CFF2202B1" box="[159,240,2012,2036]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" name="Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">SANC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFABFFEFFF5DFF67FB2A05F5" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,645]" box="[199,1272,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFABFFEFFF5DFF67FDE605F5" bold="true" box="[199,564,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8AB76755FFABFFEFFDA1FF68FB2605F5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137779" box="[571,1268,151,176]" collectingDate="2008-08-15" collectionCode="UPSA" latitude="-30.730175" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.523829" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFABFFEFFDA1FF68FDB605EA" box="[571,612,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="5CCEF5CDFFABFFEFFDEEFF68FD1005F5" box="[628,706,152,176]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/73qr-ciny" name="University of Pretoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">UPSA</collectionCode>
): “
<geoCoordinate id="5FEB0BCFFFABFFEFFD45FF67FCAB05F5" box="[735,889,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" precision="1" value="-30.730175">30.730175° S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5FEB0BCFFFABFFEFFC1BFF67FBC905EA" box="[897,1051,151,176]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" precision="1" value="17.523829">17.523828° E</geoCoordinate>
/
<date id="4E614BC8FFABFFEFFBABFF67FB3B05F5" box="[1073,1257,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2008-08-15">
<collectingDate id="5E25B220FFABFFEFFBABFF67FB3B05F5" box="[1073,1257,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2008-08-15">15 August 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
”
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFABFFEFFF5DFF4CFF1805B2" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFABFFEFFF5DFF4CFE9E0590" bold="true" box="[199,332,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Size range.</emphasis>
Males length: 11.0–
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFABFFEFFDADFF4CFD4F0591" box="[567,669,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="11.8">11.8 mm</quantity>
, width: 7.4–8.0 mm; females length:
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFABFFEFFBD1FF4CFB200591" box="[1099,1266,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.16" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="11.6" valueMin="10.4">10.4–11.6 mm</quantity>
, width 7.0–
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFABFFEFFAE3FF4CFF1405B2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFABFFEFFF5DFEF4FB570420" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFABFFEFFF5DFEF4FB570420" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFABFFEFFF5DFEF4FE1F0458" bold="true" box="[199,461,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFABFFEFFE49FEF5FD880459" authorityName="Frolov &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2005" box="[467,602,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFABFFEFFE49FEF5FD880459" box="[467,602,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">M. cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFABFFEFFD4CFEF5FC8A0459" authorityName="Frolov &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2005" box="[726,856,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveatus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFABFFEFFD4CFEF5FC8A0459" box="[726,856,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">M. foveatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the same deep triangular concavity in the base of pronotum (
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFABFFEFFEF7FED7FE6F0405" box="[365,445,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1319,1342]" captionTargetBox="[333,1214,234,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[323,1283,195,1362]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–6. Habitus of Macroderes species. 3, M. amplior Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 4, M. arrowi Janssens, 1939; 5, M. cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 6, M. endroedyi Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606168/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFABFFEFFE50FED8FE3B0405" box="[458,489,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–45" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[306,1266,609,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[306,1266,609,1690]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 40–45. Pronotum of Macroderes species. 40, M. foveatus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 41, M. cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 42, M. namakwanus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 43, M. politulus Preudhomme de Borre, 1880; 44, M. greeni (Kirby, 1818); 45, M. endroedyi Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606180/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">41</figureCitation>
). Also the presence of the large rounded tubercle in the middle of the frontal suture (
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFABFFEFFF05FEBCFEF70420" box="[159,293,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–51" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[311,1265,844,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[311,1265,844,1918]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46–51. Lateral side of pronotum (46, 47) and dorsal and lateral side of the head (48–51) of Macroderes species. 46, 49, 51, M. foveatus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 47, 48, 50, M. cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606184/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Figs. 48, 50</figureCitation>
) makes this species one of the more easily recognizable
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFABFFEFFC3AFEBCFBF70421" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[928,1061,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFABFFEFFC3AFEBCFBF70421" box="[928,1061,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Macroderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFABFFEFFF5DFE9FFB250495" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFABFFEFFF5DFE9FFB250495" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFABFFEFFF5DFE9FFE2A04CD" bold="true" box="[199,504,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
So far this species is known only from the three localities in the
<collectingRegion id="F81BA3EAFFABFFEFFB6EFE9FFF2C04E8" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Northern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
. The localities stretch along the western coastline of
<collectingCountry id="42C82D98FFABFFEFFCCFFE64FC3404E8" box="[853,998,404,429]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">South Africa</collectingCountry>
within the Succulent karoo eco-region (
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFABFFEFFF05FE47FF370495" box="[159,229,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1574,1596]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Macroderes species." pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Generally the area is characterised by its aridity and winter rains associated with cold frost.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFABFFEFFF5DFE2CFBD507C1" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFABFFEFFF5DFE2CFBD507C1" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFABFFEFFF5DFE2CFEE904B0" bold="true" box="[199,315,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Remarks.</emphasis>
Due to the lack of adequate data regarding the species distribution and as it has a small distribution range this species is categorized as Data Deficient (Davis 2013). Some of the localities from which the species were collected are protected and managed by the government, however, as it is flightless and has a restricted distribution range it is well matched to two of three criteria from category B for threatened species which would consider the species as NEAR Threatened in the IUCN Red List (Davis 2013).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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