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<document id="48ABAAFE1BE775A58CD8F8BBC7C7AD1A" ID-DOI="10.4467/16890027AP.14.007.1444" ID-ISSN="1689-0027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13193273" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722624148936" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Thomsen, Helge A. &amp; Østergaard and Mikal Heldal, Jette B." docDate="2013" docId="AD4587A9FFFDFF84175793C2FDBDE62E" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaProtozool.52.4.237-256.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Protozoologica 52" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A2410F4AEE1F22C18462D14A0D03D0BF.1:ActaProtozool.2012-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="A2410F4AEE1F22C18462D14A0D03D0BF" docStyleName="ActaProtozool.2012-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Pseudowigwamma Thomsen &amp; Østergaard and Mikal Heldal 2013, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="253" masterDocId="517CFFD1FFF2FF95172A9156FFC5E74D" masterDocTitle="Coccolithophorids in Polar Waters: Wigwamma spp. Revisited" masterLastPageNumber="256" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="252" updateTime="1722678012912" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5652F3931A7A751A540E6C7413D9100F">Coccolithophorids in Polar Waters: Wigwamma spp. Revisited</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E07CB06CAD0BD8E90BF0B4B624C37AC8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CCE20BAB0AAC02C7658E2A551ABC7149">Thomsen, Helge A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F5DEA91463629056AB6EF3EE8061027C">National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund, Denmark;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E41D0C2A9A001554D4ABB75021249CCC">Østergaard and Mikal Heldal, Jette B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6CD65E5630BB094D6D2F4D0BAF3169C0">Acta Protozoologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="ADB4FFE1DA1F1B4E4791DD1563CCAF10">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="247BEFA95CD448BD8D94EA17F9EF2049">52</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AD4587A9FFFDFF84175793C2FDBDE62E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD4587A9FFFDFF84175793C2FDBDE62E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD4587A9FFFDFF84175793C2FDBDE62E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
<subSubSection id="6DF66534FFFDFF9A175793C2FD88E5E3" box="[125,589,660,687]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="255336BFFFFDFF9A175793C2FD88E5E3" blockId="15.[125,589,660,687]" box="[125,589,660,687]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
<heading id="7E1B81D3FFFDFF9A175793C2FD88E5E3" box="[125,589,660,687]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" reason="5">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A175793C2FD88E5E3" bold="true" box="[125,589,660,687]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A175793C2FE1DE5E3" ID-CoL="742J" authority="Thomsen" authorityName="Thomsen &amp; Østergaard and Mikal Heldal" authorityYear="2013" box="[125,472,660,687]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pseudowigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A175793C2FE9BE5E2" bold="true" box="[125,350,660,687]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Pseudowigwamma</emphasis>
Thomsen
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CAB57D6FFFDFF9A16F593C2FD88E5E3" box="[479,589,660,686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DF66534FFFDFF9A17889390FD34E49B" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="255336BFFFFDFF9A17889390FD34E49B" blockId="15.[125,771,710,1124]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A17889390FEE0E5AD" bold="true" box="[162,293,710,736]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Small coccolithophorids with two equal flagella and a short haptonema. Calcification, when present, limited to the rims of otherwise uncalcified plates. Rim crystallites rectangular, straight sided and joined end to end to form a single ring. A single enlarged, almost quadratic crystallite is found in most coccoliths. The unmineralized plate centres display a combination of radial threads and concentric fibrils.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DF66534FFFDFF84178892B6FDBDE62E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="255336BFFFFDFF9A178892B6FD8CE350" blockId="15.[125,771,710,1124]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A178892B6FE99E4B4" bold="true" box="[162,348,991,1018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
<typeStatus id="FA57881DFFFDFF9A178892B6FF1AE4B7" box="[162,223,992,1018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A16539289FE05E350" authority="(Thomsen 1980 c) Thomsen" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thomsen" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pseudowigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A16539289FCC6E4B4" box="[377,771,991,1017]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Pseudowigwamma scenozonion</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="417D4B4EFFFDFF9A17AE9555FE80E350" author="Thomsen H. A." box="[132,325,1027,1053]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" pagination="335 - 342" refId="ref10082" refString="Thomsen H. A. (1980 c) Wigwamma scenozonion sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from West Greenland. Br. Phycol. J. 15: 335 - 342" type="journal article" year="1980">Thomsen 1980c</bibRefCitation>
) Thomsen
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CAB57D6FFFDFF9A16E29555FD8CE350" box="[456,585,1027,1053]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="255336BFFFFDFF9A17889570FAE2E6CB" blockId="15.[125,771,710,1124]" lastBlockId="15.[809,1455,223,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A17889570FE81E30D" bold="true" box="[162,324,1062,1088]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Ethymology:</emphasis>
The genus name
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A150D9570FCC6E30D" ID-CoL="742J" authorityName="Thomsen &amp; Østergaard and Mikal Heldal" authorityYear="2013" box="[551,771,1062,1088]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pseudowigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A150D9570FCC6E30D" box="[551,771,1062,1088]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Pseudowigwamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
meaning resembling
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A1654951CFDC2E32E" ID-CoL="87Y4" authorityName="Manton, Sutherland and Oates" authorityYear="1977" box="[382,519,1098,1123]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A1654951CFDC2E32E" box="[382,519,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Wigwamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is chosen to emphasize a likely relationship with
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A13A691B6FAD0E7B4" ID-CoL="87Y4" authorityName="Manton, Sutherland and Oates" authorityYear="1977" box="[1164,1301,224,249]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A13A691B6FAD0E7B4" box="[1164,1301,224,249]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Wigwamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A120E9189FBE5E651" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thomsen" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pseudowigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A120E9189FBE5E651" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Pseudowigwamma scenozonion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents in comparison with
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A14039071FC77E60D" ID-CoL="87Y4" authorityName="Manton, Sutherland and Oates" authorityYear="1977" box="[809,946,295,320]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A14039071FC77E60D" box="[809,946,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Wigwamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a simplistic approach with regard to coccolith morphology (only one ring of crystallites along the scale periphery and no superstructures).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="255336BFFFFDFF9A140390C9FA6AE6F5" blockId="15.[809,1455,414,441]" box="[809,1455,414,441]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A140390C9FA6AE6F5" bold="true" box="[809,1455,414,441]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A140390C9FAE3E6F5" authority="(Thomsen 1980 c) Thomsen" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thomsen" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[809,1318,414,441]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pseudowigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A140390C9FC12E6F5" bold="true" box="[809,983,414,441]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">P. scenozonion</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="417D4B4EFFFDFF9A14CF90C8FB62E6F5" author="Thomsen H. A." box="[997,1191,414,440]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" pagination="335 - 342" refId="ref10082" refString="Thomsen H. A. (1980 c) Wigwamma scenozonion sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from West Greenland. Br. Phycol. J. 15: 335 - 342" type="journal article" year="1980">Thomsen 1980c</bibRefCitation>
) Thomsen
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CAB57D6FFFDFF9A120690C8FA6AE6F5" box="[1324,1455,414,440]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="255336BFFFFDFF9A14649087FAAAE6A6" blockId="15.[809,1463,464,1124]" box="[846,1391,464,491]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A14A19087FAAAE6A6" authority="Thomsen 1980 c" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[907,1391,464,491]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A14A19087FB69E6A7" box="[907,1196,465,490]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Wigwamma scenozonion</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="417D4B4EFFFDFF9A13999086FAAAE6A6" author="Thomsen H. A." box="[1203,1391,464,491]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" pagination="335 - 342" refId="ref10082" refString="Thomsen H. A. (1980 c) Wigwamma scenozonion sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from West Greenland. Br. Phycol. J. 15: 335 - 342" type="journal article" year="1980">Thomsen 1980c</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="255336BFFFFDFF9A146490A2FA98E46A" blockId="15.[809,1463,464,1124]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
This enigmatic former
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A137690A3FA84E543" box="[1116,1345,500,526]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A137690A3FB20E543" box="[1116,1253,501,526]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Wigwamma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
is monomorphic (
<figureCitation id="BDD72A3AFFFDFF9A14B69341FBE0E57F" box="[924,1061,535,562]" captionStart="Figs 4547" captionStartId="15.[125,168,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[122,1460,1211,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-451@15.[122,1460,1207,1818]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 4547. Pseudowigwamma scenozonion TEM whole mounts. 45 complete cell (Arctic / NEW); 46 detail showing base plate calcification (single layer) and the odd enlarged rim crystallite; Notice also the radial patterning of the organic base plate surface (Arctic Station); 47 complete cell (Arctic Station)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193281/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Figs 4547</figureCitation>
) and characterized by coccoliths with a much reduced base plate calcification compared to species of
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A14FA9308FB9CE53A" ID-CoL="87Y4" authorityName="Manton, Sutherland and Oates" authorityYear="1977" box="[976,1113,606,631]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A14FA9308FB9CE53A" box="[976,1113,606,631]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Wigwamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The scale rim calcification here consists of a single ring of rod shaped crystallites as opposed to two rings in species of
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A123593F2FA6DE5F0" ID-CoL="87Y4" authorityName="Manton, Sutherland and Oates" authorityYear="1977" box="[1311,1448,676,701]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A123593F2FA6DE5F0" box="[1311,1448,676,701]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Wigwamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A single enlarged crystallite reminiscent of those that support coccolith superstructures in species of
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A125293BCFC41E46A" ID-CoL="87Y4" authorityName="Manton, Sutherland and Oates" authorityYear="1977" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A125293BCFC41E46A" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Wigwamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is seen in most coccoliths (
<figureCitation id="BDD72A3AFFFDFF9A13ED925BFA8AE46A" box="[1223,1359,781,807]" captionStart="Figs 4547" captionStartId="15.[125,168,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[122,1460,1211,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-451@15.[122,1460,1207,1818]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 4547. Pseudowigwamma scenozonion TEM whole mounts. 45 complete cell (Arctic / NEW); 46 detail showing base plate calcification (single layer) and the odd enlarged rim crystallite; Notice also the radial patterning of the organic base plate surface (Arctic Station); 47 complete cell (Arctic Station)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193281/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Figs 46, 47</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="255336BFFFFDFF9A14649266FC19E350" blockId="15.[809,1463,464,1124]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
The deviant base plate calcification of
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A12029267FC98E420" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A12029267FC98E420" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">P. scenozonion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the complete lack of a coccolith superstructure was originally (
<bibRefCitation id="417D4B4EFFFDFF9A14CE9220FB62E4DD" author="Thomsen H. A." box="[996,1191,886,912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" pagination="335 - 342" refId="ref10082" refString="Thomsen H. A. (1980 c) Wigwamma scenozonion sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from West Greenland. Br. Phycol. J. 15: 335 - 342" type="journal article" year="1980">Thomsen 1980c</bibRefCitation>
) interpreted as reductional charateristics of this taxon. However, it was also anticipated (
<bibRefCitation id="417D4B4EFFFDFF9A149392EAFBBCE49A" author="Thomsen H. A." box="[953,1145,956,983]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" pagination="335 - 342" refId="ref10082" refString="Thomsen H. A. (1980 c) Wigwamma scenozonion sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from West Greenland. Br. Phycol. J. 15: 335 - 342" type="journal article" year="1980">Thomsen 1980c</bibRefCitation>
) that in the future it might prove relevant to establish a new genus to accommodate this taxon.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="255336BFFFFDFF8514649570FAC2E6A0" blockId="15.[809,1463,464,1124]" lastBlockId="16.[816,1463,223,631]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
Arctic material from NEW yielded a combination cell (
<figureCitation id="BDD72A3AFFFDFF9A1441951FFC3FE32E" box="[875,1018,1097,1123]" captionStart="Figs 4852" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,741,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-266@16.[129,1467,729,1817]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 4852. Combination cells involving Pseudowigwamma scenozonion cfr. and an unidentified taxon. TEM whole mounts (Arctic / NEW). 4849 combination coccosphere; details of the scale types involved are shown in Fig. 49; 5052 partly complete cell (one flagellum missing) of the umineralized counterpart; details of the scales are shown in Fig. 50 (reversed printing) and Fig. 52." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193283/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Figs 4849</figureCitation>
) that encompasses a lightly calcified coccolithophorid species with a rim calcification strongly reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFE2FF8516B29055FD80E651" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[408,581,259,284]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="16" pageNumber="253" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFE2FF8516B29055FD80E651" box="[408,581,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">P. scenozonion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and an unknown counterpart (also found as a complete cell, see
<figureCitation id="BDD72A3AFFE2FF85158F9073FF66E62F" captionStart="Figs 4852" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,741,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-266@16.[129,1467,729,1817]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 4852. Combination cells involving Pseudowigwamma scenozonion cfr. and an unidentified taxon. TEM whole mounts (Arctic / NEW). 4849 combination coccosphere; details of the scale types involved are shown in Fig. 49; 5052 partly complete cell (one flagellum missing) of the umineralized counterpart; details of the scales are shown in Fig. 50 (reversed printing) and Fig. 52." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193283/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">Figs 50 52</figureCitation>
) with unmineralized scales furnished with a lateral protuberance. Unfortunately none of the calcified coccoliths shown in
<figureCitation id="BDD72A3AFFE2FF85167F90DBFE6EE6EA" box="[341,427,397,423]" captionStart="Figs 4852" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,741,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-266@16.[129,1467,729,1817]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 4852. Combination cells involving Pseudowigwamma scenozonion cfr. and an unidentified taxon. TEM whole mounts (Arctic / NEW). 4849 combination coccosphere; details of the scale types involved are shown in Fig. 49; 5052 partly complete cell (one flagellum missing) of the umineralized counterpart; details of the scales are shown in Fig. 50 (reversed printing) and Fig. 52." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193283/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
display the enlarged crystallite singlet that is a key feature of
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFE2FF85153190E6FD0FE684" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[539,714,432,457]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="16" pageNumber="253" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFE2FF85153190E6FD0FE684" box="[539,714,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">P. scenozonion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BDD72A3AFFE2FF8515F190F9FF63E6A1" captionStart="Figs 4547" captionStartId="15.[125,168,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[122,1460,1211,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-451@15.[122,1460,1207,1818]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 4547. Pseudowigwamma scenozonion TEM whole mounts. 45 complete cell (Arctic / NEW); 46 detail showing base plate calcification (single layer) and the odd enlarged rim crystallite; Notice also the radial patterning of the organic base plate surface (Arctic Station); 47 complete cell (Arctic Station)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193281/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
). This leaves an element of uncertainty with regard to the final identification of the calcified component of the combination coccosphere. However, it seemed to be a general feature of
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFE2FF85165B936DFDDAE519" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[369,543,571,596]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="16" pageNumber="253" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFE2FF85165B936DFDDAE519" box="[369,543,571,596]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">P. scenozonion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the NEW material that enlarged crystallite singlets were sparse if not absent in some complete specimens analyzed (e.g.
<figureCitation id="BDD72A3AFFE2FF8512A29189FC94E650" captionStart="Figs 4547" captionStartId="15.[125,168,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[122,1460,1211,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-451@15.[122,1460,1207,1818]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 4547. Pseudowigwamma scenozonion TEM whole mounts. 45 complete cell (Arctic / NEW); 46 detail showing base plate calcification (single layer) and the odd enlarged rim crystallite; Notice also the radial patterning of the organic base plate surface (Arctic Station); 47 complete cell (Arctic Station)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193281/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). The scaly periplast of the life history counterpart of
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFE2FF85141A9070FC18E672" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[816,989,294,319]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="16" pageNumber="253" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFE2FF85141A9070FC18E672" box="[816,989,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">P. scenozonion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cfr. comprises apparently unmineralized and weakly rimmed scales furnished with a peripheral protuberance that appear to be aligned along the longitudinal axis of the scale (
<figureCitation id="BDD72A3AFFE2FF85135690DBFACEE6E5" box="[1148,1291,397,424]" captionStart="Figs 4852" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,741,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-266@16.[129,1467,729,1817]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 4852. Combination cells involving Pseudowigwamma scenozonion cfr. and an unidentified taxon. TEM whole mounts (Arctic / NEW). 4849 combination coccosphere; details of the scale types involved are shown in Fig. 49; 5052 partly complete cell (one flagellum missing) of the umineralized counterpart; details of the scales are shown in Fig. 50 (reversed printing) and Fig. 52." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193283/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">Figs 50, 52</figureCitation>
). This
<typeStatus id="FA57881DFFE2FF85124B90DBFA51E6EA" box="[1377,1428,397,423]" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">type</typeStatus>
of scale is unknown to us, although vaguely reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFE2FF85147A9084FC36E6A0" box="[848,1011,466,493]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Ceratolithaceae" genus="Ericiolus" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="16" pageNumber="253" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFE2FF85147A9084FC79E6A1" box="[848,956,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">Ericiolus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="417D4B4EFFE2FF8513289084FB3FE6A0" author="Thomsen H. A. &amp; De Place B. P. &amp; Hojlund L. &amp; Olesen J. &amp; Pedersen J. B." box="[1026,1274,466,493]" pageId="16" pageNumber="253" pagination="29 - 34" refId="ref10353" refString="Thomsen H. A., De Place B. P., Hojlund L., Olesen J., Pedersen J. B. (1995) Ericiolus gen. et sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae), a new coccolithophorid genus from polar and temperate regions. Eur. J. Phycol. 30: 29 - 34" type="journal article" year="1995">
Thomsen
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFE2FF8513539085FB71E6A1" box="[1145,1204,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="71936637FFFDFF9A17579616FE14E0C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193281" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13193281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193281/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" startId="15.[125,168,1856,1878]" targetBox="[122,1460,1211,1814]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="255336BFFFFDFF9A17579616FE14E0C3" blockId="15.[125,1456,1856,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A17579616FF2AE018" bold="true" box="[125,239,1856,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Figs 4547.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFFDFF9A17DF9616FD98E01B" authority="TEM" authorityName="TEM" box="[245,605,1856,1878]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pseudowigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="15" pageNumber="252" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A17DF9616FDE0E01B" box="[245,549,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">Pseudowigwamma scenozonion</emphasis>
TEM
</taxonomicName>
whole mounts.
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A15DE9616FCC9E018" bold="true" box="[756,780,1856,1877]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">45</emphasis>
complete cell (Arctic / NEW);
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A13639616FBA4E018" bold="true" box="[1097,1121,1856,1877]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">46</emphasis>
detail showing base plate calcification (single layer) and the odd enlarged rim crystallite; Notice also the radial patterning of the organic base plate surface (Arctic Station);
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFFDFF9A1757962EFF50E0C0" bold="true" box="[125,149,1912,1933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="252">47</emphasis>
complete cell (Arctic Station).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="255336BFFFE2FF84147C90A3FDBDE62E" blockId="16.[816,1463,223,631]" lastBlockId="17.[125,768,223,355]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFE2FF85147C90A3FB1EE542" box="[854,1243,501,527]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pseudowigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="16" pageNumber="253" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFE2FF85147C90A3FB1EE542" box="[854,1243,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">Pseudowigwamma scenozonion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered enigmatic right from its original description (
<bibRefCitation id="417D4B4EFFE2FF8512629341FCBFE519" author="Thomsen H. A." pageId="16" pageNumber="253" pagination="335 - 342" refId="ref10082" refString="Thomsen H. A. (1980 c) Wigwamma scenozonion sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from West Greenland. Br. Phycol. J. 15: 335 - 342" type="journal article" year="1980">Thomsen 1980c</bibRefCitation>
) due to major differences in calcification. The finding of
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFE2FF8514849308FB98E53A" box="[942,1117,606,631]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pseudowigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="16" pageNumber="253" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonion">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFE2FF8514849308FB98E53A" box="[942,1117,606,631]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="253">P. scenozonion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cfr. combination cells which demonstrates that these are not confirming to the typical
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFE3FF8417859052FE04E650" box="[175,449,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFE3FF8417859052FEFDE650" ID-CoL="87Y4" authorityName="Manton, Sutherland and Oates" authorityYear="1977" box="[175,312,260,285]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="17" pageNumber="254" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">Wigwamma</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFE3FF84166B9055FE04E650" ID-CoL="3F3L" authorityName="Manton, Sutherland and Oates" authorityYear="1977" box="[321,449,259,285]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Calciarcus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="17" pageNumber="254" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">Calciarcus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
scenario calls for a formal separation at the generic level between
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFE3FF84156E9071FCC5E60D" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[580,768,295,320]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="17" pageNumber="254" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="scenozonium">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFE3FF84156E9071FCC5E60D" box="[580,768,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="254">W. scenozonium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the remaining five
<taxonomicName id="E2EC4D3CFFE3FF8416A1901CFDBDE62E" box="[395,632,329,355]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Wigwamma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="17" pageNumber="254" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1798EAADFFE3FF8416A1901CFDD1E62E" box="[395,532,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="254">Wigwamma</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>