139 lines
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139 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c67d32c-7cca-401f-a54d-374c5b03743b" ID-PMC="PMC5027769" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-617-31" ID-PubMed="27667953" ID-ZBK="A84B95F794314CD680163CBBF894DD0D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-617-31" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 617" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the genus Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) with a remarkable example of convergence in wing disruptive patterning" checkinTime="1474013867020" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Winterton, Shaun L. & Wang, Yongjie" docDate="2016" docId="80506A7B64F15AF18F59F8CA0D813618" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 617: 31-45" docOrigin="ZooKeys 617" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165" docTitle="Gryposmylus Krueger 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FF81237AFFF900024050FFF8017AA81C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Gryposmylus Krueger, 1913 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) with a remarkable example of convergence in wing disruptive patterning" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1668163516125" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the genus Gryposmylus Krueger, 1913 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) with a remarkable example of convergence in wing disruptive patterning</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Yongjie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>617</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>31</mods:start>
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<mods:end>45</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-617-31</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">A84B95F794314CD680163CBBF894DD0D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A84B95F794314CD680163CBBF894DD0D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127898390" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:80506A7B64F15AF18F59F8CA0D813618" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/80506A7B64F15AF18F59F8CA0D813618" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Taxon classification Animalia Neuroptera Osmylidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName authority="Krueger, 1913: 32." class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Gryposmylus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Krüger">Krueger</normalizedToken>
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, 1913: 32.
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1, 2, 3, 4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa pubicosta" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubicosta">Chrysopa pubicosta</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the [Royal] Entomological Society of London" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" pagination="176 - 199" title="Characters of undescribed Neuroptera in the collection of W. W. Saunders." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1860.tb01844.x" volume="10" year="1860">Walker 1860</bibRefCitation>
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: 183, original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Forewing length 15-18 mm. Antennae much shorter than forewing length; head with posterior genal area relatively wide; prothorax length subequal to width; female forecoxa lacking pedicellate setae or anterior processes; wing ovoid, not falcate along posterior margin; costal area broad basally with basal crossveins arranged radially, costal crossveins simple with occasional forking; interlinking crossveins absent from entire wing margin; wing venation with relatively few crossveins; two gradate series well defined, divergent in orientation; single basal subcostal crossvein present; forewing with seven branches of Rs present, basal branch of Rs diverging close to origin of Rs on R1; forewing M vein branching in proximal half of wing, basal to origin of basal branch of Rs; hind wing CuP as a single vein branching just before wing margin; male genitalia with gonarcus narrowly arched medially and apilose, anterior arms of gonarcus (=baculum) present, non-articulated; parameres present, ends fused anteriorly and forming an arch-shape; entoprocesses narrow, spatulate distally and curved dorsally; male tergites 8 and 9 as separate sclerites, scent glands absent; female genitalia with sternite 8 positioned posteriorly, small and knob-like (=subgenitale), hollowed depression in the membrane immediately posterior to sternite 7; sternite 7 unmodified; spermatheca as single lobe, folded onto itself; spermathecal duct greatly elongate and coiled around spermatheca.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="included species">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Included species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pubicosta" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubicosta">Gryposmylus pubicosta</taxonomicName>
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(Walker);
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Gryposmylus pennyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryposmylus</taxonomicName>
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is a distinctive Oriental genus that is the putative sister genus of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Lysmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lysmus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lysmus</taxonomicName>
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. Both genera have the basal branch of forewing vein Rs diverging close to the origin of Rs on R. In
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryposmylus</taxonomicName>
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forewing vein M forks basally, or equal with, the origin of the basal branch of Rs, while in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Lysmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lysmus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lysmus</taxonomicName>
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this fork is distal to the origin of the basal Rs branch. The costal margin of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryposmylus</taxonomicName>
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is wider basally than in all other
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Protosmylinae">Protosmylinae</taxonomicName>
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genera, and the basal 7-8 costal crossveins are arranged in a slight radiating pattern, while in other genera they are usually parallel, or only the basal 2-3 veins are radially oriented. Also in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryposmylus</taxonomicName>
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the forewing gradate series is generally divergent in orientation, while in other
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Protosmylinae">Protosmylinae</taxonomicName>
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genera they are subparallel. There is some variation among individuals in both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryposmylus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Lysmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lysmus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lysmus</taxonomicName>
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and the distinction of the genera is not consistently defined. At this time we maintain them as separate genera until more species are known and the limits of this variation are known.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="key">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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Key to species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryposmylus</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<table pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">3B</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Gryposmylus pennyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">3A</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pubicosta" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubicosta">Gryposmylus pubicosta</taxonomicName>
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(Walker)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryposmylus</taxonomicName>
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spp.: A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pubicosta" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubicosta">Gryposmylus pubicosta</taxonomicName>
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(Walker) (pale form) (Forewing length 16.5 mm) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Gryposmylus pennyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (Forewing length 16.0 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |