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<mods:title id="8B3DF2AC8A4FDCD2F00C97D6B59B8504">Apaturinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Korean Peninsula: Synonymic Lists and Keys to Tribes, Genera and Species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFCEBFA8FFE6FFAFF" ID-CoL="99VZR" authority="Freyer, 1829" authorityName="Freyer" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,482,1354,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
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<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFCEBFA8FFECCFAFE" bold="true" box="[151,321,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apatura metis</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="2BD42A76E253B75DFCE3FAA9FF68FA1C" box="[159,229,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10" captionStartId="4.[151,271,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[264,1301,187,1141]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[249,1338,159,1141]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. Male specimens of eight species of the Korean Apaturinae. 3. Hestina japonica (Felder and Felder) (summer brood); 4. Sasakia charonda (Hewitson); 5. Mimathyma nycteis (Ménétriès); 6. Sephisa princeps (Fixsen); 7. Chitoria ulupi (Doherty); 8. Apatura ilia (Denis and Schiffermüller); 9. Apatura metis Freyer; 10. Apatura iris (Linnaeus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189165/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFCEBFA7FFEA2FA49" box="[151,303,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apatura metis</emphasis>
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: 61
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, pl. 67(1) [
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locality: “Süd-Ungarn”]; 
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: 292
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(
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<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF8EDFA7FFB38FA49" box="[1169,1205,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
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var.); 
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<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF881FA7FFAE3FA49" author="Lee" box="[1277,1390,1467,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Lee, S. - M. (1982) Butterflies of Korea. Editorial Committee of Insecta Koreana, Seoul. 125 pp., 63 pls." type="book" year="1982">Lee, 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 73
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFCBBFA1FFE74FA69" author="Masui" box="[199,505,1499,1522]" page="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFCBBFA1FFE53FA69" author="Masui" box="[199,478,1499,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Masui, A. &amp; Inomata, T. (1990) Apaturinae of the world (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) - 1 -. Yadoriga, 143, 2 - 10. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1990">Masui and Inomata, 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 6
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFE79FA1FFD02FA69" author="Lee" box="[517,655,1499,1522]" page="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFE79FA1FFDF9FA69" author="Lee" box="[517,628,1499,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Lee, S. - M. (1992) Explanation of genus Apatura (Nymphalidae) in Korean peninsula. Journal of the Amateur Lepidopterists' Society of Korea, 5, 1 - 5. (In Korean with English abstract)" type="journal article" year="1992">Lee, 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 4
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFEE7FA1FFBAFFA69" author="Korshunov" box="[667,1058,1499,1522]" page="73" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFEE7FA1FFC75FA69" author="Korshunov" box="[667,1016,1499,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Korshunov, Y. P. &amp; Gorbunov, P. (1995) [Butterflies of the Asian part of Russia. A handbook] (Dnevnye babochki aziatskoi chasti Rossii. Spravochnik). Ural University Press, Ekaterinburg. 202 pp. (In Russian)" type="book" year="1995">Korshunov and Gorbunov, 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 73
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DF851FA1FFA90FA69" author="Tuzov" box="[1069,1309,1499,1522]" page="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF851FA1FFB78FA69" author="Tuzov" box="[1069,1269,1499,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Tuzov, V. K. [ed.], Bogdanov, P. V., Churkin, S. V., Devyatkin, A. L., Dantchenko, A. V., Murzin, V. S., Samodurov, G. D., &amp; Zhdanko, A. B. (2000) Guide to the butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories, 2: Libytheidae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow. 580 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Tuzov 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF80BFA1FFB2AFA69" box="[1143,1191,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
., 2000
</bibRefCitation>
: 14
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DF955FA1FFF68F989" author="Lee" page="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF955FA1FFA15FA69" author="Lee" box="[1321,1432,1499,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Lee, Y. J. (2005) A list of butterflies from Korea with notes on some changes in scientific names. Lucanus, Seoul, 5, 18 - 28. (In Korean with English abstract)" type="journal article" year="2005">Lee, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 27
</treatmentCitation>
.
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<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFCEBF9DFFE94F9A9" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[151,281,1563,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFCEBF9DFFE94F9A9" box="[151,281,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apatura ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFD5CF9DFFDC1F9A9" authority="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" box="[288,588,1563,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="variety" variety="bunea">
var. 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFD32F9DFFE02F9A9" box="[334,399,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bunea</emphasis>
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, [1845]: 45, pl. 36(161–163) [
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locality: Caucasus]; 
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<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF8D4F9DFFABBF9A9" author="Fixsen" box="[1192,1334,1563,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Fixsen, C. (1887) Lepidoptera aus Korea. Memoires sur les Lepidopteres rediges par N. M. Romanoff, 3, 233 - 319, pls. 13 - 14." type="journal article" year="1887">Fixsen, 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 292
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(
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<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF904F9DFFA16F9A9" box="[1400,1435,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
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ab.) (first record from 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E253B75DFDBEF9FFFD85F9C9" box="[450,520,1595,1618]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Korea</collectingCountry>
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<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFE62F9FFFD7EF9C9" author="Okamoto" box="[542,755,1595,1618]" page="88" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFE62F9FFFD47F9C9" author="Okamoto" box="[542,714,1595,1618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Okamoto, H. (1924) The insect fauna of Quelpart Island (Saishiu-to). Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Government-General of Chosen, 1 (2), 47 - 233." type="journal article" year="1924">Okamoto, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 88
</treatmentCitation>
(
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<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFF79F9FFFCA5F9C9" box="[773,808,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
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subsp.); 
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: 379
</treatmentCitation>
(
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<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF8EFF9FFFB3AF9C9" box="[1171,1207,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
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subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DF962F9FFFEABF9E9" author="Mori" page="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF962F9FFFE8DF9E9" author="Mori" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Mori, T., Doi, H., &amp; Cho, F. (1934) Coloured butterflies from Korea. 109 pp., 30 pls. (In Japanese)" type="book" year="1934">
Mori 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF921F9FFFA03F9C9" box="[1373,1422,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
., 1934
</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
(
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<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFD4BF99FFED6F9E9" box="[311,347,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
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subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFDC2F99FFCBCF9E9" author="Kishida" box="[446,817,1627,1650]" page="514" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFDC2F99FFD70F9E9" author="Kishida" box="[446,765,1627,1650]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Kishida, K. &amp; Nakamura, Y. (1936) A catalogue of Japanese insects, fasc. 9. Lepidoptera. The Entomological World, Tokyo, 4, 433 - 673. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1936">Kishida and Nakamura, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 514
</treatmentCitation>
(
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<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFF3EF99FFCE8F9E9" box="[834,869,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
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subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFFB5F99FFBF4F9E9" author="Seok" box="[969,1145,1627,1650]" page="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFFB5F99FFBDEF9E9" author="Seok" box="[969,1107,1627,1650]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1939 b) A synonymic list of butterflies of Korea (Ty o sen). Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Seoul. xxxl + 391 pp., 2 pls." type="book" year="1939" yearSuffix="b">Seok, 1939b</bibRefCitation>
: 52
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DF8F6F99FFB20F9E9" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1162,1197,1627,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF8F6F99FFB20F9E9" box="[1162,1197,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DF96DF99FFEBFF909" author="Kim" page="395" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF96DF99FFE8DF909" author="Kim" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Kim, H. K. &amp; Mi, S. W. (1956) [Correction of the scientific names of Korean butterfly list.] Commemorative Theses for the 70 th Anniversary of Ewha Womans University, Seoul. pp. 377 - 405. (In Korean)" type="book chapter" year="1956">Kim and Mi, 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 395
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFD3EF9BFFEEBF909" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[322,358,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFD3EF9BFFEEBF909" box="[322,358,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFDEEF9BFFDBEF909" author="Seok" box="[402,563,1659,1682]" page="76" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFDEEF9BFFD83F909" author="Seok" box="[402,526,1659,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1973) The distribution maps of butterflies in Korea. Po Chin Chai, Ltd., Seoul. 517 pp. (In Korean)" type="book" year="1973">Seok, 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 76
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFE3FF9BFFDEAF909" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[579,615,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFE3FF9BFFDEAF909" box="[579,615,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E253B75DFCEBF95FFEBAF949" blockId="4.[151,1437,1467,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93FF11DDE253B75DFCEBF95FFEBAF949" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFCEBF95FFDA6F929" ID-CoL="9BQ5V" authority="Butler, 1873: 159" authorityName="Butler" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,555,1691,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substituta">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFCEBF95FFEEDF929" box="[151,352,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apatura substituta</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFD16F95FFDA6F929" author="Butler" box="[362,555,1691,1714]" page="159" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1873">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFD16F95FFE78F929" author="Butler" box="[362,501,1691,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Butler, A. G. (1873) Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera. Cistula entomologica, 1, 151 - 177." type="journal article" year="1873">Butler, 1873</bibRefCitation>
: 159
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<typeStatus id="6C548851E253B75DFE47F95FFDFEF929" box="[571,627,1691,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
locality: northern 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E253B75DFF3EF95FFC0AF929" box="[834,903,1691,1714]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
]; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFFE0F95FFBD1F929" author="Leech" box="[924,1116,1691,1714]" page="162" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFFE0F95FFBAAF929" author="Leech" box="[924,1063,1691,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Leech, J. H. (1893) Butterflies from China, Japan, and Corea, Part II. R. H. Porter, London. pp. 115 - 285, pls. 14 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1893">Leech, 1893</bibRefCitation>
: 162
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DF813F95FFB1FF929" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1135,1170,1691,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF813F95FFB1FF929" box="[1135,1170,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DF8A2F95FFA16F929" author="" box="[1246,1435,1691,1714]" page="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF8A2F95FFA0CF929" box="[1246,1409,1691,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Moore, F. ([1896]) Lepidoptera Indica, 3. L. Reeve &amp; Co., London. pp. 1 - 48, pls. 191 - 205." type="journal article">Moore, [1896]</bibRefCitation>
: 7
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFCACF97FFEAAF949" box="[208,295,1723,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Potamis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFCACF97FFEAAF949" box="[208,295,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Potamis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E253B75DFCEBF91FFB79F969" blockId="4.[151,1437,1467,2034]" box="[151,1268,1755,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93FF11DDE253B75DFCEBF91FFB79F969" box="[151,1268,1755,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFCEBF91FFE6EF969" ID-CoL="F92L" authority="Leech, 1887: 417" authorityName="Leech" authorityPageNumber="417" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,483,1755,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFCEBF91FFE94F969" box="[151,281,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apatura ilia</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFD5BF91FFE6EF969" author="Leech" box="[295,483,1755,1778]" page="417" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFD5BF91FFE23F969" author="Leech" box="[295,430,1755,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Leech, J. H. (1887) On the Lepidoptera of Japan and Corea. - part I. Rhopalocera. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, 1887, 398 - 431, pls. 35 - 36." type="proceedings paper" year="1887">Leech, 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 417
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFD92F91FFD03F969" author="Shin" box="[494,654,1755,1778]" page="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFD92F91FFDEBF969" author="Shin" box="[494,614,1755,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Shin, Y. - H. (1975) Notes on the butterflies of Kwangnung, Korea (supplement). Journal of Research Institute of Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 3, 41 - 47. (In Korean with English abstract)" type="journal article" year="1975">
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E253B75DFD92F91FFDACF969" box="[494,545,1755,1778]" name="Morocco" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Shin</collectingCountry>
, 1975
</bibRefCitation>
: 45
</treatmentCitation>
; Takakura, 1981: 4 (nec 
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFFE8F91FFB6AF969" author="Denis" box="[916,1255,1755,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="* Denis, J. N. C. M. &amp; Schiffermuller, I. (1775) Ankundung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend. Augustin Bernardi, Wien. 323 pp., 2 pls." type="book" year="1775">Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E253B75DFCEBF93FFBE5F8C9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1467,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93FF11DDE253B75DFCEBF93FFBE5F8C9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFCEBF93FFE95F889" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[151,280,1787,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFCEBF93FFE95F889" box="[151,280,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apatura ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFD4BF93FFE2BF889" box="[311,422,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">gertraudis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFDD1F93FFDFCF889" author="Stichel" box="[429,625,1787,1810]" page="163" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFDD1F93FFDB3F889" author="Stichel" box="[429,574,1787,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Apatura - Hestina. pp. 160 - 193 In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge, I. Abteilung: Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Band I: Die palaearktischen Tagfalter: Textband / Tafelband. Stuttgart. 379 pp., 89 pls." type="book chapter" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 163
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus id="6C548851E253B75DFE02F93FFD3BF889" box="[638,694,1787,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
locality: “S. 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E253B75DFF38F93FFC20F889" box="[836,941,1787,1810]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Russland</collectingCountry>
”]; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFFB6F93FFB38F889" author="Nakayama" box="[970,1205,1787,1810]" page="379" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFFB6F93FFB0FF889" author="Nakayama" box="[970,1154,1787,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Nakayama, S. (1932) A guide to general information concerning Corean butterflies. Bulletin of the Suigen Imperial College of Agriculture and Forestry, 25 th Anniversary, Suwon. pp. 366 - 386, pls. 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1932">Nakayama, 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 379
</treatmentCitation>
(
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF8B9F93FFAD8F889" box="[1221,1365,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DF8B9F93FFB64F889" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1221,1257,1787,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">ilia</taxonomicName>
getrandis
</emphasis>
[sic]); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFCBBF8DFFDB2F8A9" author="Kishida" box="[199,575,1819,1842]" page="515" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFCBBF8DFFD87F8A9" author="Kishida" box="[199,522,1819,1842]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Kishida, K. &amp; Nakamura, Y. (1936) A catalogue of Japanese insects, fasc. 9. Lepidoptera. The Entomological World, Tokyo, 4, 433 - 673. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1936">Kishida and Nakamura, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 515
</treatmentCitation>
(
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFE2CF8DFFD6FF8A9" box="[592,738,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFE2CF8DFFDF9F8A9" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[592,628,1819,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">ilia</taxonomicName>
getrandis
</emphasis>
[sic]); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFF4FF8DFFC6BF8A9" author="Seok" box="[819,998,1819,1842]" page="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFF4FF8DFFC32F8A9" author="Seok" box="[819,959,1819,1842]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1939 b) A synonymic list of butterflies of Korea (Ty o sen). Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Seoul. xxxl + 391 pp., 2 pls." type="book" year="1939" yearSuffix="b">Seok, 1939b</bibRefCitation>
: 54
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFF84F8DFFB91F8A9" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1016,1052,1819,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFF84F8DFFB91F8A9" box="[1016,1052,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); Seok, 1942: 87; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DF94BF8DFFE29F8C9" author="Seok" page="186" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF94BF8DFFEE2F8C9" author="Seok" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. &amp; Umitatsu, T. J. (1942) Butterflies of S. Heiando. Journal of Chosen Natural History Society, 9 (37), 185 - 192. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1942">Seok and Umitatsu, 1942</bibRefCitation>
: 186
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFDD3F8FFFD20F8C9" author="Kim" box="[431,685,1851,1874]" page="395" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFDD3F8FFFDF5F8C9" author="Kim" box="[431,632,1851,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Kim, H. K. &amp; Mi, S. W. (1956) [Correction of the scientific names of Korean butterfly list.] Commemorative Theses for the 70 th Anniversary of Ewha Womans University, Seoul. pp. 377 - 405. (In Korean)" type="book chapter" year="1956">Kim and Mi, 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 395
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFEC4F8FFFCD6F8C9" author="Seok" box="[696,859,1851,1874]" page="80" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFEC4F8FFFCB9F8C9" author="Seok" box="[696,820,1851,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1973) The distribution maps of butterflies in Korea. Po Chin Chai, Ltd., Seoul. 517 pp. (In Korean)" type="book" year="1973">Seok, 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 80
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFF1BF8FFFC76F8C9" author="Lee" box="[871,1019,1851,1874]" page="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFF1BF8FFFC58F8C9" author="Lee" box="[871,981,1851,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Lee, S. - M. (1978) Notes on the Purple Butterfly (Apatura ilia Schiffermuller) in Korea (Lep.: Nymphalidae). Korean Journal of Entomology, 8, 39 - 40. (In Korean with English abstract)" type="journal article" year="1978">Lee, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 40
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DF876F8FFFBCFF8C9" ID-CoL="99VZR" box="[1034,1090,1851,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF876F8FFFBCFF8C9" box="[1034,1090,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">metis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E253B75CFCEBF89FFCB2FF34" blockId="4.[151,1437,1467,2034]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,495]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93FF11DDE253B75CFCEBF89FFCB2FF34" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFCEBF89FFE94F8E9" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[151,281,1883,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFCEBF89FFE94F8E9" box="[151,281,1883,1906]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apatura ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFD44F89FFDF8F8E9" ID-CoL="9BQ5V" authority="Stichel, 1908: 163" authorityName="Stichel" authorityPageNumber="163" authorityYear="1908" box="[312,629,1883,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substituta">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFD44F89FFE12F8E9" box="[312,415,1883,1906]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">substituta</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFDD2F89FFDF8F8E9" author="Stichel" box="[430,629,1883,1906]" page="163" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFDD2F89FFDB2F8E9" author="Stichel" box="[430,575,1883,1906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Apatura - Hestina. pp. 160 - 193 In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge, I. Abteilung: Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Band I: Die palaearktischen Tagfalter: Textband / Tafelband. Stuttgart. 379 pp., 89 pls." type="book chapter" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 163
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFEFDF89FFC93F8E9" author="Nire" box="[641,798,1883,1906]" page="94" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1918">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFEFDF89FFD75F8E9" author="Nire" box="[641,760,1883,1906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Nire, K. (1918) Gen. Apatura Fabricius, 1807, Gen. Sephisa Moore, 1882 and Gen. Sasakia Moore, 1895. In: A catalogue of the butterflies of Japan. The Zoological Magazine, 30, 93 - 98." type="journal article" year="1918">Nire, 1918</bibRefCitation>
: 94
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFF52F89FFCDCF8E9" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[814,849,1883,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFF52F89FFCDCF8E9" box="[814,849,1883,1906]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFFC8F89FFBDAF8E9" author="Doi" box="[948,1111,1883,1906]" page="122" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1919">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFFC8F89FFBA9F8E9" author="Doi" box="[948,1060,1883,1906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Doi, H. (1919) [A list of butterflies from Korea.] Chosen Iho, 58, 115 - 128. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1919">Doi, 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 122
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DF81BF89FFB06F8E9" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1127,1163,1883,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF81BF89FFB06F8E9" box="[1127,1163,1883,1906]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DF892F89FFF6FF809" author="Okamoto" page="88" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF892F89FFA15F8E9" author="Okamoto" box="[1262,1432,1883,1906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Okamoto, H. (1924) The insect fauna of Quelpart Island (Saishiu-to). Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Government-General of Chosen, 1 (2), 47 - 233." type="journal article" year="1924">Okamoto, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 88
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFC8FF8BFFE9AF809" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[243,279,1915,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFC8FF8BFFE9AF809" box="[243,279,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFD06F8BFFD9CF809" author="Doi" box="[378,529,1915,1938]" page="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFD06F8BFFE67F809" author="Doi" box="[378,490,1915,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Doi, H. (1928) [The species of the genus Apatura from Korea.] Journal of Chosen Natural History Society, (7), 49 - 50. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1928">Doi, 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 49
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFE5EF8BFFDCBF809" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[546,582,1915,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFE5EF8BFFDCBF809" box="[546,582,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFED6F8BFFCCCF809" author="Doi" box="[682,833,1915,1938]" page="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFED6F8BFFC97F809" author="Doi" box="[682,794,1915,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Doi, H. (1931) A list of Rhopalocera from Mount Shouyou, Keiki-Do, Korea. Journal of Chosen Natural History Society, (12), 42 - 47. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1931">Doi, 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 45
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFF2DF8BFFCF8F809" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[849,885,1915,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFF2DF8BFFCF8F809" box="[849,885,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFFA5F8BFFB4AF809" author="Nakayama" box="[985,1223,1915,1938]" page="379" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFFA5F8BFFB1EF809" author="Nakayama" box="[985,1171,1915,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Nakayama, S. (1932) A guide to general information concerning Corean butterflies. Bulletin of the Suigen Imperial College of Agriculture and Forestry, 25 th Anniversary, Suwon. pp. 366 - 386, pls. 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1932">Nakayama, 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 379
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DF8A4F8BFFB76F809" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1240,1275,1915,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF8A4F8BFFB76F809" box="[1240,1275,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DF91CF8BFFEB8F829" author="Seok" page="718" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF91CF8BFFE8DF829" author="Seok" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1934) Papilioj en Koreujo (Unua Raporto). Bulletin of the Kagoshima Imperial College of Agriculture and Forestry, 25 th Anniversary, 1, 631 - 784." type="journal article" year="1934">Seok, 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 718
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFD3BF85FFEE6F829" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[327,363,1947,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFD3BF85FFEE6F829" box="[327,363,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFDAEF85FFD37F829" author="Mori" box="[466,698,1947,1970]" page="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFDAEF85FFD1FF829" author="Mori" box="[466,658,1947,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Mori, T., Doi, H., &amp; Cho, F. (1934) Coloured butterflies from Korea. 109 pp., 30 pls. (In Japanese)" type="book" year="1934">
Mori 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFE6DF85FFDCCF829" box="[529,577,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
., 1934
</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFEB0F85FFD7DF829" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[716,752,1947,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFEB0F85FFD7DF829" box="[716,752,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFF2AF85FFC70F829" author="Seok" box="[854,1021,1947,1970]" page="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFF2AF85FFC58F829" author="Seok" box="[854,981,1947,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1936) Pri la Du Novaj Specoj de Papilioj, Neptis okazimai kaj Zephyrus ginzii. The Zoological Magazine, 48, 60 - 65. (In Japanese with Esperanto resume)" type="journal article" year="1936">Seok, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 62
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DF873F85FFBBEF829" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1039,1075,1947,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF873F85FFBBEF829" box="[1039,1075,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DF8E6F85FFEB8F849" author="Kishida" page="516" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF8E6F85FFE8DF849" author="Kishida" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Kishida, K. &amp; Nakamura, Y. (1936) A catalogue of Japanese insects, fasc. 9. Lepidoptera. The Entomological World, Tokyo, 4, 433 - 673. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1936">Kishida and Nakamura, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 516
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFD3BF87FFEE6F849" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[327,363,1979,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFD3BF87FFEE6F849" box="[327,363,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFDAEF87FFD1CF849" author="Seok" box="[466,657,1979,2002]" page="178" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFDAEF87FFDD1F849" author="Seok" box="[466,604,1979,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1939 a) Travels after butterflies in the plateau Kaima Korea. The Entomological World, Tokyo, 7, 168 - 186. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="a">Seok, 1939a</bibRefCitation>
: 178
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFED8F87FFD45F849" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[676,712,1979,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFED8F87FFD45F849" box="[676,712,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFF52F87FFC6FF849" author="Seok" box="[814,994,1979,2002]" page="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFF52F87FFC37F849" author="Seok" box="[814,954,1979,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1939 b) A synonymic list of butterflies of Korea (Ty o sen). Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Seoul. xxxl + 391 pp., 2 pls." type="book" year="1939" yearSuffix="b">Seok, 1939b</bibRefCitation>
: 56
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DFF88F87FFB9AF849" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1012,1047,1979,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFF88F87FFB9AF849" box="[1012,1047,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); Seok, 1942: 87; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DF94AF87FFE2AF869" author="Seok" page="186" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF94AF87FFEFDF869" author="Seok" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. &amp; Umitatsu, T. J. (1942) Butterflies of S. Heiando. Journal of Chosen Natural History Society, 9 (37), 185 - 192. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1942">Seok and Umitatsu, 1942</bibRefCitation>
: 186
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFDC8F81FFD38F869" author="Kim" box="[436,693,2011,2034]" page="396" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFDC8F81FFD0CF869" author="Kim" box="[436,641,2011,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Kim, H. K. &amp; Mi, S. W. (1956) [Correction of the scientific names of Korean butterfly list.] Commemorative Theses for the 70 th Anniversary of Ewha Womans University, Seoul. pp. 377 - 405. (In Korean)" type="book chapter" year="1956">Kim and Mi, 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 396
</treatmentCitation>
(
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DFEBAF81FFCABF869" box="[710,806,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">substitua</emphasis>
[sic]); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75DFF0AF81FFBD6F869" author="Murayama" box="[886,1115,2011,2034]" page="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DFF0AF81FFBBFF869" author="Murayama" box="[886,1074,2011,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Murayama, S. - I. (1963) Remarks on some butterflies from Japan and Korea, with descriptions of 2 races, 1 form, 4 aberrant forms. Tyo to Ga, 14, 43 - 49. (In Japanese with English resume)" type="journal article" year="1963">Murayama, 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 43
</treatmentCitation>
, 45 (
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E253B75DF8EFF81FFB3AF869" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1171,1207,2011,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E253B75DF8EFF81FFB3AF869" box="[1171,1207,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E253B75CF967F81FFF68FF34" author="Seok" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" page="86" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E253B75DF967F81FFA15F869" author="Seok" box="[1307,1432,2011,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1973) The distribution maps of butterflies in Korea. Po Chin Chai, Ltd., Seoul. 517 pp. (In Korean)" type="book" year="1973">Seok, 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 86
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFC93FF5CFE0EFF34" author="Lee" box="[239,387,152,175]" page="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFC93FF5CFED3FF34" author="Lee" box="[239,350,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Lee, S. - M. (1978) Notes on the Purple Butterfly (Apatura ilia Schiffermuller) in Korea (Lep.: Nymphalidae). Korean Journal of Entomology, 8, 39 - 40. (In Korean with English abstract)" type="journal article" year="1978">Lee, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 40
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFDEEFF5CFE47FF34" ID-CoL="99VZR" box="[402,458,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFDEEFF5CFE47FF34" box="[402,458,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">metis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFD84FF5CFD10FF34" author="Okano" box="[504,669,152,175]" page="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFD84FF5CFD08FF34" author="Okano" box="[504,645,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Okano, M. (1998) The butterflies of Chejudo (Quelpart Island). Fuji Daigaku Kiyo, 31 (2), 1 - 10, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1998">Okano, 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 6
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFED0FF5CFD69FF34" ID-CoL="99VZR" box="[684,740,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFED0FF5CFD69FF34" box="[684,740,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">metis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCEBFF7CFB77FE94" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93FF11DDE252B75CFCEBFF7CFB77FE94" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFCEBFF7CFE91FF54" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[151,284,184,207]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCEBFF7CFE91FF54" box="[151,284,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apatura ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ab. 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFD2CFF7CFDFAFF54" ID-CoL="9BPLY" authority="Wileman, 1910: 93" authorityName="Wileman" authorityPageNumber="93" authorityYear="1910" box="[336,631,184,207]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikuni">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFD2CFF7CFE14FF54" box="[336,409,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">mikuni</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFDDFFF7CFDFAFF54" author="Wileman" box="[419,631,184,207]" page="93" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFDDFFF7CFDC3FF54" author="Wileman" box="[419,590,184,207]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wileman, A. E. (1910) Some new butterflies from Formosa and Japan. The Entomologist, 43, 92 - 93." type="journal article" year="1910">Wileman, 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 93
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<typeStatus id="6C548851E252B75CFEFBFF7CFD32FF54" box="[647,703,184,207]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFF57FF7CFCF1FF54" ID-CoL="9BPLY" box="[811,892,184,207]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikuni">Mikuni</taxonomicName>
, Province of Bungo, 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CF810FF7CFB22FF54" box="[1132,1199,184,207]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Japan</collectingCountry>
]; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CF8BFFF7CFAEBFF54" author="Nire" box="[1219,1382,184,207]" page="95" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1918">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CF8BFFF7CFAB0FF54" author="Nire" box="[1219,1341,184,207]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Nire, K. (1918) Gen. Apatura Fabricius, 1807, Gen. Sephisa Moore, 1882 and Gen. Sasakia Moore, 1895. In: A catalogue of the butterflies of Japan. The Zoological Magazine, 30, 93 - 98." type="journal article" year="1918">Nire, 1918</bibRefCitation>
: 95
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CF904FF7CFA16FF54" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1400,1435,184,207]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CF904FF7CFA16FF54" box="[1400,1435,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFD5FFF1CFE34FF74" author="Doi" box="[291,441,216,239]" page="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFD5FFF1CFE1FFF74" author="Doi" box="[291,402,216,239]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Doi, H. (1931) A list of Rhopalocera from Mount Shouyou, Keiki-Do, Korea. Journal of Chosen Natural History Society, (12), 42 - 47. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1931">Doi, 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 45
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFDB6FF1CFE60FF74" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[458,493,216,239]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFDB6FF1CFE60FF74" box="[458,493,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFE2DFF1CFCB2FF74" author="Nakayama" box="[593,831,216,239]" page="379" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFE2DFF1CFC86FF74" author="Nakayama" box="[593,779,216,239]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Nakayama, S. (1932) A guide to general information concerning Corean butterflies. Bulletin of the Suigen Imperial College of Agriculture and Forestry, 25 th Anniversary, Suwon. pp. 366 - 386, pls. 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1932">Nakayama, 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 379
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFF2CFF1CFCF9FF74" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[848,884,216,239]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFF2CFF1CFCF9FF74" box="[848,884,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFFA4FF1CFB04FF74" author="Seok" box="[984,1161,216,239]" page="717" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFFA4FF1CFBD9FF74" author="Seok" box="[984,1108,216,239]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1934) Papilioj en Koreujo (Unua Raporto). Bulletin of the Kagoshima Imperial College of Agriculture and Forestry, 25 th Anniversary, 1, 631 - 784." type="journal article" year="1934">Seok, 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 717
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CF8E5FF1CFB31FF74" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1177,1212,216,239]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CF8E5FF1CFB31FF74" box="[1177,1212,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CF95DFF1CFEA8FE94" author="Mori" page="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CF95DFF1CFE8DFE94" author="Mori" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Mori, T., Doi, H., &amp; Cho, F. (1934) Coloured butterflies from Korea. 109 pp., 30 pls. (In Japanese)" type="book" year="1934">
Mori 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CF922FF1CFA03FF74" box="[1374,1422,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
., 1934
</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFD48FF3CFEDAFE94" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[308,343,248,271]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFD48FF3CFEDAFE94" box="[308,343,248,271]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFDC5FF3CFCAAFE94" author="Kishida" box="[441,807,248,271]" page="515" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFDC5FF3CFD78FE94" author="Kishida" box="[441,757,248,271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Kishida, K. &amp; Nakamura, Y. (1936) A catalogue of Japanese insects, fasc. 9. Lepidoptera. The Entomological World, Tokyo, 4, 433 - 673. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1936">Kishida and Nakamura, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 515
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFF4BFF3CFCD6FE94" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[823,859,248,271]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFF4BFF3CFCD6FE94" box="[823,859,248,271]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFFC7FF3CFBE1FE94" author="Shirozu" box="[955,1132,248,271]" page="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFFC7FF3CFBD9FE94" author="Shirozu" box="[955,1108,248,271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Shirozu, T. (1938) [Explanation of a rare butterfly Apatura ilia mikuni Wileman.] Bulletin of Miyazaki College of Agriculture and Forestry, 25, 1 - 15. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1938">Shirôzu, 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 2
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CF800FF3CFB2DFE94" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[1148,1184,248,271]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CF800FF3CFB2DFE94" box="[1148,1184,248,271]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCEBFEDCFBD2FED4" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93FF11DDE252B75CFCEBFEDCFBD2FED4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFCEBFEDCFDFEFEB4" ID-CoL="5FPDV" authority="Matsumura, 1928: 198" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityPageNumber="198" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,627,280,303]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ilia" subSpecies="heijona">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCEBFEDCFEF9FEB4" box="[151,372,280,303]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apatura ilia heijona</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFD00FEDCFDFEFEB4" author="Matsumura" box="[380,627,280,303]" page="198" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFD00FEDCFDB3FEB4" author="Matsumura" box="[380,574,280,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Matsumura, S. (1928) New butterflies especially from the Kuriles. Insecta matsumurana, 2, 191 - 201." type="journal article" year="1928">Matsumura, 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 198
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<typeStatus id="6C548851E252B75CFEFDFEDCFD34FEB4" box="[641,697,280,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CFF5EFEDCFCE5FEB4" box="[802,872,280,303]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Corea</collectingCountry>
]; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFF07FEDCFBC5FEB4" author="Bollow" box="[891,1096,280,303]" page="194" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1930">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFF07FEDCFB9CFEB4" author="Bollow" box="[891,1041,280,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Bollow, C. (1930) Apatura. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge, I. Abteilung: Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Band I: Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, supplementband. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart. 399 pp., 16 pls." type="book" year="1930">Bollow, 1930</bibRefCitation>
: 194
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CF829FEDCFF7FFED4" author="Kishida" page="515" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CF829FEDCFA15FEB4" author="Kishida" box="[1109,1432,280,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Kishida, K. &amp; Nakamura, Y. (1936) A catalogue of Japanese insects, fasc. 9. Lepidoptera. The Entomological World, Tokyo, 4, 433 - 673. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1936">Kishida and Nakamura, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 515
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFC81FEFCFE16FED4" author="Inomata" box="[253,411,312,335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Inomata, T. (1982) Appendix. pp. i - xxiv In: Mori, T., Doi, H., &amp; Cho, F., Coloured butterflies from Korea (rep. edn.). Scientist Inc., Tokyo. 30 pls., 86 + 23 + xxiv pp. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1982">Inomata, 1982</bibRefCitation>
: xvii (
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFDA2FEFCFD9BFED4" ID-CoL="99VZR" box="[478,534,312,335]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFDA2FEFCFD9BFED4" box="[478,534,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">metis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.); 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFE0BFEFCFC28FED4" author="Masui" box="[631,933,312,335]" page="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFE0BFEFCFC06FED4" author="Masui" box="[631,907,312,335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Masui, A. &amp; Inomata, T. (1990) Apaturinae of the world (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) - 1 -. Yadoriga, 143, 2 - 10. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1990">Masui and Inomata, 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 7
</treatmentCitation>
, 9 (
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFFB1FEFCFB88FED4" ID-CoL="99VZR" box="[973,1029,312,335]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFFB1FEFCFB88FED4" box="[973,1029,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">metis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCEBFE9CFAFAFEF4" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,495]" box="[151,1399,344,367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93FF11DDE252B75CFCEBFE9CFAFAFEF4" box="[151,1399,344,367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFCEBFE9CFE76FEF4" ID-CoL="7JBYS" authority="Doi, 1928: 49" authorityName="Doi" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,507,344,367]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ilia" subSpecies="metis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCEBFE9CFEDAFEF4" box="[151,343,344,367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apatura ilia metis</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFD19FE9CFE76FEF4" author="Doi" box="[357,507,344,367]" page="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFD19FE9CFE59FEF4" author="Doi" box="[357,468,344,367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Doi, H. (1928) [The species of the genus Apatura from Korea.] Journal of Chosen Natural History Society, (7), 49 - 50. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1928">Doi, 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 49
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 50; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFE53FE9CFD70FEF4" author="Maruda" box="[559,765,344,367]" page="127" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFE53FE9CFD45FEF4" author="Maruda" box="[559,712,344,367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Maruda, S. (1929) [A list of Lepidoptera in Kyojyo and its vicinity.] Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Government-General of Chosen, 4 (2), 125 - 135. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1929">Maruda, 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 127
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFF74FE9CFC7BFEF4" author="Nakayama" box="[776,1014,344,367]" page="379" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFF74FE9CFC4CFEF4" author="Nakayama" box="[776,961,344,367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Nakayama, S. (1932) A guide to general information concerning Corean butterflies. Bulletin of the Suigen Imperial College of Agriculture and Forestry, 25 th Anniversary, Suwon. pp. 366 - 386, pls. 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1932">Nakayama, 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 379
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CF87DFE9CFAFEFEF4" author="Kishida" box="[1025,1395,344,367]" page="515" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CF87DFE9CFAB0FEF4" author="Kishida" box="[1025,1341,344,367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Kishida, K. &amp; Nakamura, Y. (1936) A catalogue of Japanese insects, fasc. 9. Lepidoptera. The Entomological World, Tokyo, 4, 433 - 673. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1936">Kishida and Nakamura, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 515
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCEBFEBCFDD9FE14" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,495]" box="[151,596,376,399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93FF11DDE252B75CFCEBFEBCFDD9FE14" box="[151,596,376,399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFCEBFEBCFE94FE14" ID-CoL="F92L" box="[151,281,376,399]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCEBFEBCFE94FE14" box="[151,281,376,399]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apatura ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.: 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFD0DFEBCFDDDFE14" author="Mori" box="[369,592,376,399]" page="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFD0DFEBCFDA5FE14" author="Mori" box="[369,552,376,399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Mori, T., Doi, H., &amp; Cho, F. (1934) Coloured butterflies from Korea. 109 pp., 30 pls. (In Japanese)" type="book" year="1934">
Mori 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFDD0FEBCFE51FE14" box="[428,476,376,399]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
., 1934
</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCEBFE5CFE7EFE34" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,495]" box="[151,499,408,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93FF11DDE252B75CFCEBFE5CFE7EFE34" box="[151,499,408,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFCEBFE5CFE7DFE34" ID-CoL="9BPLY" authority="Seok, 1936: 62" authorityName="Seok" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,496,408,431]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikuni">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCEBFE5CFEB3FE34" box="[151,318,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apatura mikuni</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFD30FE5CFE7DFE34" author="Seok" box="[332,496,408,431]" page="62" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFD30FE5CFE4AFE34" author="Seok" box="[332,455,408,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1936) Pri la Du Novaj Specoj de Papilioj, Neptis okazimai kaj Zephyrus ginzii. The Zoological Magazine, 48, 60 - 65. (In Japanese with Esperanto resume)" type="journal article" year="1936">Seok, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 62
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCEBFE7CFEEFFE74" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93FF11DDE252B75CFCEBFE7CFEEFFE74" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFCEBFE7CFDE1FE54" ID-CoL="7JB6W" authority="Bang-Haas, 1936: 346" authorityName="Bang-Haas" authorityPageNumber="346" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,620,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ilia" subSpecies="gracilis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCEBFE7CFEFFFE54" box="[151,370,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apatura ilia gracilis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CFD07FE7CFDE1FE54" author="Bang-Haas" box="[379,620,440,463]" page="346" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFD07FE7CFDB4FE54" author="Bang-Haas" box="[379,569,440,463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Bang-Haas, O. (1936) Neubeschreibungen und Berichtigungen der Palaearktischen Macrolepidopterenfauna XXV. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 50, 345 - 348." type="journal article" year="1936">Bang-Haas, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 346
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<typeStatus id="6C548851E252B75CFE06FE7CFD3FFE54" box="[634,690,440,463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
locality: “Charbin”, “Mandschurei”]; 
<treatmentCitation id="324E10E2E252B75CF82CFE7CFA0FFE54" author="Masui" box="[1104,1410,440,463]" page="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CF82CFE7CFAEAFE54" author="Masui" box="[1104,1383,440,463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Masui, A. &amp; Inomata, T. (1990) Apaturinae of the world (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) - 1 -. Yadoriga, 143, 2 - 10. (In Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1990">Masui and Inomata, 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 7
</treatmentCitation>
, 9 (
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFCACFE1CFE85FE74" ID-CoL="99VZR" box="[208,264,472,495]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCACFE1CFE85FE74" box="[208,264,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">metis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCEBFDDAFD46FD48" blockId="5.[151,1437,542,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCEBFDDAFEAAFDA3" bold="true" box="[151,295,542,568]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Subspecies.</emphasis>
The Korean populations are considered to belong to subsp. 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFF87FDDBFBE2FDA3" ID-CoL="9BQ5V" box="[1019,1135,543,568]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substituta">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFF87FDDBFBE2FDA3" box="[1019,1135,543,568]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">substituta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as are the populations in northern 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CFD7FFD81FEC4FDC4" box="[259,329,581,607]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">China</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="6C548851E252B75CFD25FD81FE00FDC4" box="[345,397,581,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
locality) and Far Eastern 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CFEBFFD81FC98FDC4" box="[707,789,581,607]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Russia</collectingCountry>
. The Japanese populations are considered to belong to subsp. 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFC94FDA8FEB5FD1E" ID-CoL="9BPLY" box="[232,312,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikuni">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFC94FDA8FEB5FD1E" box="[232,312,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">mikuni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Some authors have treated the populations in 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CFF26FDA8FC2FFD1D" box="[858,930,620,646]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Korea</collectingCountry>
and the Amur and Ussuri regions as subsp. 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCEBFD56FF62FD30" box="[151,239,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">heijona</emphasis>
(cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFD58FD56FE7FFD37" author="Tuzov" box="[292,498,658,684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Tuzov, V. K. [ed.], Bogdanov, P. V., Churkin, S. V., Devyatkin, A. L., Dantchenko, A. V., Murzin, V. S., Samodurov, G. D., &amp; Zhdanko, A. B. (2000) Guide to the butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories, 2: Libytheidae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow. 580 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Tuzov 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFD08FD56FE2AFD30" box="[372,423,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
) or as the nominal subspecies (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFFFEFD56FC79FD37" author="Lee" box="[898,1012,658,684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Lee, S. - M. (1992) Explanation of genus Apatura (Nymphalidae) in Korean peninsula. Journal of the Amateur Lepidopterists' Society of Korea, 5, 1 - 5. (In Korean with English abstract)" type="journal article" year="1992">Lee 1992</bibRefCitation>
). However, 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CF8FCFD56FB55FD30" box="[1152,1240,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">heijona</emphasis>
is believed to be a variation within the range of subsp. 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFE2DFD7DFD4EFD49" ID-CoL="9BQ5V" box="[593,707,697,722]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substituta">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFE2DFD7DFD4EFD49" box="[593,707,697,722]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">substituta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBF56578E252B75CFCBAFD1BFB88FBCD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCBAFD1BFE7CFC20" blockId="5.[151,1437,542,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCBAFD1BFE98FD62" bold="true" box="[198,277,735,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Adult.</emphasis>
Active from early June to mid July, late July to late August and early September to early October (two or three broods in central and southern 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CFECAFCC2FC8EFCBB" box="[694,771,774,800]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Korea</collectingCountry>
, but only one brood in high altitude areas). Both sexes often perch on the leaves, branches or stalks of their food trees. When sitting on a stalk, they frequently position themselves with their heads toward the ground. They also puddle and are attracted to carrion and fermenting fluids, and neither sex visits flowers. In the afternoon, males engage in hilltopping on trees standing on hills or lowlands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCBAFC03FDD0FB93" blockId="5.[151,1437,542,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCBAFC03FE3FFC7A" bold="true" box="[198,434,967,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Larval host plants.</emphasis>
Recorded hosts include 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFEA9FC0CFC52FC79" authority="Miq." authorityName="Miq." box="[725,991,968,994]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilistyla">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFEA9FC0CFC10FC7A" box="[725,925,968,993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Salix gracilistyla</emphasis>
Miq.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFF90FC0CFB3DFC7A" box="[1004,1200,968,993]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="babylonica">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFF90FC0CFB3DFC7A" box="[1004,1200,968,993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Salix babylonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CF89DFC0CFAFEFC7A" box="[1249,1395,968,993]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caprea">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CF89DFC0CFAFEFC7A" box="[1249,1395,968,993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Salix caprea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., etc. of the 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFD6FFC2AFDD4FB93" authority="Joo et al. 1997" authorityName="Joo et al." authorityYear="1997" box="[275,601,1006,1032]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Salicaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFDE1FC2AFDDDFB93" author="Joo" box="[413,592,1006,1032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Joo, H. - Z., Kim, S. - S., &amp; Sohn, J. - D. (1997) Butterflies of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Ltd., Seoul. 437 pp. (In Korean)" type="book" year="1997">
Joo 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFDB3FC2BFD8FFB93" box="[463,514,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCBAFBD1FB88FBCD" blockId="5.[151,1437,542,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCBAFBD1FEC6FBB4" bold="true" box="[198,331,1045,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Life cycle.</emphasis>
Not documented for the Korean populations. Usually the 3rd instar larvae hibernate on diverging points of two branches or in furrows of trunks of the food plants.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBF56578E252B75CFCBAFBA6FAF6FB38" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCBAFBA6FAF6FB38" blockId="5.[151,1437,542,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCBAFBA6FEEAFBE7" bold="true" box="[198,359,1122,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CFD11FBA6FE39FBE7" box="[365,436,1122,1148]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Korea</collectingCountry>
(including some adjacent islands of Incheon and Gyeonggi-do, but not on Jejudo Is.), northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CFD53FB4DFEF5FB38" box="[303,376,1161,1187]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">China</collectingCountry>
, Far Eastern 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CFE6DFB4DFDEFFB38" box="[529,610,1161,1187]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Russia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CFE12FB4DFD39FB38" box="[622,692,1161,1187]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Japan</collectingCountry>
, southeastern Europe, southwestern Siberia and 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CF896FB4DFAFAFB38" box="[1258,1399,1161,1187]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBF56578E252B75CFCBAFB6BFAF3F9E8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCBAFB6BFD6CFA10" blockId="5.[151,1437,542,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCBAFB6BFECDFB52" bold="true" box="[198,320,1199,1225]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFD35FB74FE57FB52" box="[329,474,1200,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFD35FB74FE57FB52" box="[329,474,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apatura ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFE64FB74FD4DFB52" box="[536,704,1200,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFE64FB74FD4DFB52" box="[536,704,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apatura metis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are often confused with each other because of their extreme similarity and confusing infraspecific variations. Moreover, intermediate forms between the two species occur at high frequency (perhaps as high as 10%; personal observation) in many areas where the two species are sympatric. For these reasons, these two species have long been treated as a single species in 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CF8A6FAE0FAACFAA5" box="[1242,1313,1316,1342]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Korea</collectingCountry>
as well as in many other countries of 
<collectingCountry id="CBF87663E252B75CFDA9FA8EFDC9FAFF" box="[469,580,1354,1380]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">East Asia</collectingCountry>
(cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFE00FA8EFC81FAFF" author="Seok" box="[636,780,1354,1380]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Seok, D. M. (1939 b) A synonymic list of butterflies of Korea (Ty o sen). Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Seoul. xxxl + 391 pp., 2 pls." type="book" year="1939" yearSuffix="b">Seok 1939b</bibRefCitation>
). The Korean 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFFCFFA8FFBD4FAFF" box="[947,1113,1355,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFFCFFA8FFBD4FAFF" box="[947,1113,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apatura metis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was treated as independent from 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFCABFAB5FEE8FA11" box="[215,357,1393,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFCABFAB5FEE8FA11" box="[215,357,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apatura ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the first time by 
<bibRefCitation id="D77E4B02E252B75CFE24FAB5FD50FA10" author="Lee" box="[600,733,1393,1419]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Lee, S. - M. (1978) Notes on the Purple Butterfly (Apatura ilia Schiffermuller) in Korea (Lep.: Nymphalidae). Korean Journal of Entomology, 8, 39 - 40. (In Korean with English abstract)" type="journal article" year="1978">Lee (1978)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35036F3E252B75CFCBAFA5CFAF3F9E8" blockId="5.[151,1437,542,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Intermediate forms are thought to be natural hybrids between these two allied species. This has led to disputes over the taxonomic status of 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFE2FFA7BFD17FA43" box="[595,666,1470,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFE2FFA7BFDE8FA43" box="[595,613,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFE0FFA7BFD17FA43" box="[627,666,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFEA8FA7BFCBFFA43" box="[724,818,1470,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFEA8FA7BFD6BFA43" box="[724,742,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFE88FA7BFCBFFA43" box="[756,818,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">metis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on differing species criteria―some argue that occasional hybrids do not negate species status, while others argue that the currently observed rate of hybridization requires subspecific treatment of the forms (strict biological species concept), especially because of their morphological similarity. 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFEF0F9F6FD45F9D7" box="[652,712,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="here">Here</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFEA9F9F7FC90F9D7" box="[725,797,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilia">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFEA9F9F7FD6AF9D7" box="[725,743,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFE8AF9F7FC90F9D7" box="[758,797,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="74EF4D70E252B75CFF24F9F7FC35F9D7" box="[856,952,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apatura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFF24F9F7FCE7F9D7" box="[856,874,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="819BEAE1E252B75CFF06F9F7FC35F9D7" box="[890,952,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">metis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are treated as valid species because they are often sympatric, they sometimes share the same plants, and they fly during somewhat different periods.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>