323 lines
45 KiB
XML
323 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="58F86FA3A3D42FD56CA9AEA463C25F08" ID-CLB-Dataset="30599" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="20e99045-6615-4e94-965f-db36c9fa25b9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1188688" ID-ZooBank="9A3DC9D3-0367-4A68-8B75-E96A1D78EE3F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1520243878247" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Sebastian, Pothalil A." docDate="2018" docId="0E10C354061DFFFEFF36A40FBC582B8A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4388.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4388 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Africactenus unumus Sankaran & Sebastian 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="399" masterDocId="F229BB2C061CFFFAFFA1A01ABE3F297A" masterDocTitle="First record of Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 and redescriptions of two poorly known species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae) from India" masterLastPageNumber="406" masterPageNumber="395" pageNumber="396" updateTime="1698527725216" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="0B941DDB054AC14CFC914C11B12D52AF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="9C4F2E47ED3F870B31710AFF654E36BA">
|
||
<mods:title id="19E89FE2D244EE54610B4D0B072E7021">First record of Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 and redescriptions of two poorly known species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae) from India</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="B8FAC08F841901DC1A3BCE86A333503B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="55DA18293B55F024875D05D1349402F4">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9848ADFB256935066DB83D3E52992AF7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="151FA26DDE36B8197EA8DD7B2C90A6B4">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6563B11675BDF5F1BE9C5CBEA07AC13E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="ED5FD18E358F56617D2FCD45E1E1A269">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F9BAD7A057092629B8E613DAB76629A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EBAFA5CA408746DBD058656BCEE07F7E">Sebastian, Pothalil A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="68D13F1BAD178BD211DAC8F0092791B2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="E603C7E15758E77311E00127E7EC5E61" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="70924EBE5D890032AFB56FDE792B6AB5">
|
||
<mods:title id="4B960A1099FD810257453AD9352101F4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="D30A8FC598707D2B5E0C389144CCE204">
|
||
<mods:date id="193F6FFFA5F68BB35069F14B9069CAB6">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="DE9B8530B67CD2C9A3EC4F48C66AFD63" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="D6C43E88801C17F18A5F6F1F44DF1ABA">2018-03-05</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A9A823DD39B70DCC909C5F697053F4BD" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="C214D469DF8D84CF4B73855F8C85DB5A">4388</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C6AACC09BDDCD8359429CA0B9C8BA217" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="8D834CD446A7ECFFBD66AA32294E1DB4">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="75C4E535E53D5CDDB890C1160E5A20D3" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="55EF2CE8971CF3425ADC6CB1967F0EEA">395</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="98C47D738F417709D0ACB81142B9F52C">406</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="B5E29D0D0E16D766D4FACEE78F5FB91D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EE9B8D0AE571370B71D3DB8DEC8D54FC" type="CLB-Dataset">30599</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1A9CEF30D572FCC1E64256EFE8424A3F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.5</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5B4BBF930C1E04DBCD21803A39B86AC7" type="GBIF-Dataset">20e99045-6615-4e94-965f-db36c9fa25b9</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C01F72E8970F4B35C79CE836F6DED993" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="413FE3628398E9BFBD82BA9BBDFEAC02" type="Zenodo-Dep">1188688</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F925D87EBF2D13B23C92B5E706FFE502" type="ZooBank">9A3DC9D3-0367-4A68-8B75-E96A1D78EE3F</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="0E10C354061DFFFEFF36A40FBC582B8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5968627" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141267389" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5968627" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C354061DFFFEFF36A40FBC582B8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E10C354061DFFFEFF36A40FBC582B8A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF36A40FBF462D2A" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF36A40FBC3E2D55" blockId="1.[151,513,1045,1105]" box="[151,513,1045,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<heading id="DD4EC52E061DFFFBFF36A40FBC3E2D55" bold="true" box="[151,513,1045,1071]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF36A40FBC3E2D55" bold="true" box="[151,513,1045,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFF36A40FBFA32D55" ID-CoL="65F3D" authority="Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,412,1045,1071]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unumus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF36A40FBFA32D55" bold="true" box="[151,412,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Africactenus unumus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFE132B061DFFFBFE05A40FBC3E2D55" box="[420,513,1045,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF36A422BF462D2A" blockId="1.[151,513,1045,1105]" box="[151,377,1080,1105]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFF36A422BECC2D2A" box="[151,243,1080,1105]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B & C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFF5FA422BF7B2D2A" box="[254,324,1080,1104]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">2A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFEEEA422BF602D2A" box="[335,351,1080,1104]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFECAA422BF462D2A" box="[363,377,1080,1104]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1023,1045]" captionTargetBox="[169,1421,210,992]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1001]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution records of Africactenus unumus sp. nov. Red circle, type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095911/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">4</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF36A499BB332C4E" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF36A499BDC22D9C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1151,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F061DFFFBFF36A499BBA62DB8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903356" collectingDate="2013-07-28" collectionCode="ADSH" collectorName="M. S. Pradeep" country="India" elevation="27" latitude="9.709894" location="Areeppara in Edappady" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.71345" municipality="Kottayam" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" specimenCode="ADSH203" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF36A499BF762DE6" bold="true" box="[151,329,1155,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5902CCE0061DFFFBFF36A499BEED2DE6" box="[151,210,1155,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5902CCE0061DFFFBFEF5A499BF802DE6" box="[340,447,1155,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, male missing right leg I (
|
||
<specimenCode id="D61FDA39061DFFFBFD5CA499BD492DE1" box="[765,886,1155,1179]" collectionCode="ADSH" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">ADSH203</specimenCode>
|
||
A) from
|
||
<location id="83662499061DFFFBFC41A499BACD2DE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C354061DFFFEFF36A40FBC582B8A:83662499061DFFFBFC41A499BACD2DE6" box="[992,1266,1155,1180]" country="India" latitude="9.709894" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.71345" municipality="Kottayam" name="Areeppara in Edappady" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Kerala">Areeppara in Edappady</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E38D1485061DFFFBFAA0A499BBA82DE6" box="[1281,1431,1151,1180]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" precision="1" value="9.709894">9o42'35.62''N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E38D1485061DFFFBFF36A4B3BF062DB8" box="[151,313,1190,1218]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" precision="1" value="76.71345">76o42'48.42''E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6662E838061DFFFBFEE8A4B0BF852DB8" box="[329,442,1194,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Kottayam</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA0061DFFFBFE6DA4B3BC262DB8" box="[460,537,1193,1218]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEAE32D2061DFFFBFD8BA4B3BC592DB8" box="[554,614,1193,1218]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0D949571061DFFFBFDD6A4B0BC892DBB" box="[631,694,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="27.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4141DFA7061DFFFBFDD6A4B0BC892DBB" box="[631,694,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
alt.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A061DFFFBFD58A4B0BDA82DB8" box="[761,919,1193,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2013-07-28">
|
||
<date id="F2075482061DFFFBFD58A4B0BDA82DB8" box="[761,919,1193,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2013-07-28">28 July 2013</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2B4C1794061DFFFBFC08A4B0BA792DB8" box="[937,1094,1193,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">M.S. Pradeep</collectorName>
|
||
leg., from ground, by hand
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F061DFFFBFF36A4D4BDC62D9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903360" box="[151,1017,1229,1254]" collectingDate="2014-08-20" collectionCode="ADSH" collectorName="M. S. Pradeep" country="India" elevation="27" latitude="9.709894" location="Areeppara in Edappady" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.71345" municipality="Kottayam" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" specimenCode="ADSH203" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5902CCE0061DFFFBFF36A4D4BEC32D9C" box="[151,252,1230,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, male (
|
||
<specimenCode id="D61FDA39061DFFFBFEEDA4D4BFF62D9C" box="[332,457,1230,1254]" collectionCode="ADSH" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">ADSH203</specimenCode>
|
||
B), same data as holotype, except
|
||
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A061DFFFBFCE3A4D4BDC62D9C" box="[834,1017,1230,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2014-08-20">
|
||
<date id="F2075482061DFFFBFCE3A4D4BDC62D9C" box="[834,1017,1230,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2014-08-20">20 August 2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF66A4EEBB332C4E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1151,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F061DFFFBFF66A4EEBB332C4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903466" collectingDate="2013-06-19" collectionCode="ADSH" collectorName="Sam Thomas" country="India" county="Pathanamthitta" elevation="3" latitude="9.404333" location="Kavumbhagom" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.54594" municipality="Thiruvalla" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" specimenCode="ADSH203" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF66A4EEBCC22C77" bold="true" box="[199,765,1268,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
|
||
Additional material examined.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEAE32D2061DFFFBFDE3A4EEBCA92C77" box="[578,662,1268,1293]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA0061DFFFBFD04A4EEBCCC2C77" box="[677,755,1268,1293]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFD04A4EEBCCC2C77" bold="true" box="[677,755,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Kerala</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6F670ACE061DFFFBFCA7A4EEBD8E2C77" box="[774,945,1268,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Pathanamthitta</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6662E838061DFFFBFC1FA4EEBA092C77" box="[958,1078,1268,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Thiruvalla</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="83662499061DFFFBFBE5A4EEBACB2C77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C354061DFFFEFF36A40FBC582B8A:83662499061DFFFBFBE5A4EEBACB2C77" box="[1092,1268,1268,1293]" country="India" county="Pathanamthitta" latitude="9.404333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.54594" municipality="Thiruvalla" name="Kavumbhagom" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Kerala">Kavumbhagom</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E38D1485061DFFFBFAA0A4EFBBA72C77" box="[1281,1432,1265,1293]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" precision="1" value="9.404333">9o24'15.60''N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E38D1485061DFFFBFF36A501BF062C4E" box="[151,313,1303,1332]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" precision="1" value="76.54594">76o32'45.36''E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0D949571061DFFFBFEE5A506BF502C49" box="[324,367,1308,1332]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="3.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4141DFA7061DFFFBFEE5A506BF502C49" box="[324,367,1308,1332]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
alt.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="90BFB9CB061DFFFBFE02A501BFD42C4E" box="[419,491,1307,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="D61FDA39061DFFFBFE5BA506BC492C4E" box="[506,630,1308,1332]" collectionCode="ADSH" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">ADSH203</specimenCode>
|
||
C),
|
||
<collectorName id="2B4C1794061DFFFBFD3DA506BD112C4E" box="[668,814,1307,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Sam Thomas</collectorName>
|
||
leg.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A061DFFFBFCCCA506BA3A2C4E" box="[877,1029,1308,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2013-06-19">
|
||
<date id="F2075482061DFFFBFCCCA506BA3A2C4E" box="[877,1029,1308,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2013-06-19">19 June 2013</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, from ground, by hand.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF66A525BA672F55" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF66A525BA672F55" blockId="1.[151,1437,1151,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF66A525BF7E2C22" bold="true" box="[199,321,1343,1368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFE11A525BCA32C2D" authority="Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[432,668,1343,1367]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unumus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFE11A525BCA32C2D" box="[432,668,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Africactenus unumus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFE132B061DFFFBFD03A525BCC42C22" box="[674,763,1343,1368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFD03A525BCC42C22" bold="true" box="[674,763,1343,1368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
seem closely similar to the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFB36A525BF1E2C06" authority="(Arts, 1912)" authorityName="Arts" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFB36A525BBA32C2D" box="[1175,1436,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Africactenus decorosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Arts, 1912)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as both share the wide, transversely oriented apical part of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFC66A579BA192C06" box="[967,1062,1379,1404]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as the same position and orientation of the conductor, but can be separated from the latter by the following combination of characters: RTA with single inferior denticle (RTA of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFDE9A5B6BCE42CB9" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[584,731,1451,1475]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFDE9A5B6BCE42CB9" box="[584,731,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">A. decorosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with three inferior denticles), broad conductor (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFAA8A5B6BBA42CB9" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1289,1435,1451,1475]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFAA8A5B6BBA42CB9" box="[1289,1435,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">A. decorosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with thin conductor), MA lying away from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFD29A5D5BCD82C92" box="[648,743,1487,1512]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MA of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFCEEA5D5BDE02C9D" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[847,991,1487,1511]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFCEEA5D5BDE02C9D" box="[847,991,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">A. decorosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lying close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFB2AA5D5BAD12C92" box="[1163,1262,1487,1512]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFAA3A5D5BB5E2C92" box="[1282,1377,1487,1512]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
with embolic apophysis (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFED7A5E9BFE82F76" box="[374,471,1523,1548]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFE5DA5EEBCB42F71" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[508,651,1523,1547]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFE5DA5EEBCB42F71" box="[508,651,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">A. decorosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks embolic apophysis) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFC45A5E9BA7C2F76" box="[996,1091,1523,1548]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
narrowing at tip (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFAADA5EEBBA42F71" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1292,1435,1523,1547]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFAADA5EEBBA42F71" box="[1292,1435,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">A. decorosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with uniformly wide
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFE25A60DBFDA2F4A" box="[388,485,1559,1584]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFE5DA60DBC4A2F55" box="[508,629,1559,1584]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
, compare with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFC80A60DBDDD2F55" box="[801,994,1559,1583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref6040" refString="Steyn, T. L., Van der Donckt, J. - F. & Jocque, R. (2003) The Ctenidae (Araneae) of the rainforests in Eastern Cote d'Ivoire. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 290, 129 - 166." type="journal article">
|
||
Steyn
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFCC6A602BDA02F55" box="[871,927,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 7–8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFEFF66A621BFA02B1A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFEFF66A621BD0B2B46" blockId="1.[151,1437,1151,1983]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF66A621BF662F2E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1595,1620]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFEC0A621BFA42F29" box="[353,411,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="5902CCE0061DFFFBFE0AA621BC2D2F2E" box="[427,530,1595,1620]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFDBEA621BC422F2E" box="[543,637,1595,1620]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B & C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFD2BA626BCED2F2E" box="[650,722,1596,1620]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">2A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Carapace with deep median indentation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFB1AA621BB282F2E" box="[1211,1303,1595,1620]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), brownish, with faint, blackish, reticulated pattern and mats of greyish hairs along sides, with broad, median, pale brown, roughly flower vase-like patch, its posterior part just in front of fovea abruptly narrowing towards pedicel, its apical part with a longitudinal white stripe, which bifurcates posteriorly to continue along lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFA97A6BDBBB12FC5" box="[1334,1422,1703,1728]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B & C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fovea long (1.39), longitudinal, black. Eye field, clypeus, chelicerae, labium, endites, sternum, spinnerets, and legs brownish. Clypeus very high (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFE4CA6F5BC7A2E7D" box="[493,581,1775,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chelicerae dorsally with greyish-brown stiff hairs; promargin with a thick layer of long, brownish, inwardly curved hairs, with one teeth and two denticles, retromargin with four teeth and two small denticles. Fangs black. Sternum clothed with black hairs. Opisthosoma elongated oval, olive-brown, with irregularly scattered black spots and striae; dorsum medially with a broad longitudinal, straw-coloured patch, anterior 2/3rd of which medially possesses a pale yellowish band; dorsum with scattered clusters of white, stiff hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFF3EA7BCBEC72EC5" box="[159,248,1958,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B & C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
); venter medially with a broad yellowish patch, the middle of which bears a longitudinal olive-brown stripe. Scopulae on tarsi entire; scopulae on metatarsi I–II entire, 2/3rd of metatarsus III with reduced scopula, metatarsus IV lacks scopula. Body length 14.99. Carapace length 7.98, width 6.71. Opisthosoma length 7.01, width 3.98. Eye diameters: ALE 0.24. AME 0.36. PLE 0.53. PME 0.44. Eye interdistances: ALE–ALE 1.46. ALE–PME 0.19. AME–ALE 0.30. AME–AME 0.25. PLE–PLE 1.72. PME–PME 0.36. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.71, at ALEs 1.29. Chelicerae length 3.79. Measurements of pedipalp and legs: pedipalp 12.97 [5.05, 1.85, 2.87, 3.20], I 51.44 [13.82, 4.17, 15.39, 14.25, 3.81], II 45.77 [12.38, 4.11, 13.19, 12.65, 3.44], III 36.71 [10.22, 3.22, 10.12, 10.41, 2.74], IV 53.19 [14.83, 3.34, 13.47, 18.03, 3.52]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination of pedipalp: femur pld 1 do 4 rld 1, patella pl 1 rl 1, tibia pl 1 plv 1 rl 1 rld 1, tarsus/cymbium spineless; legs: femur I pl 2 pld 2 plv 1 do 1 rld 4, II pl 1 pld 3 do 3 rld 4, III–IV pld 4 do 3 rld 4; patellae I–IV pl 1 rl 1; tibiae I–II pl 1 plv 6 do 4 rl 2 rlv 6, III pl 2 plv 3 do 3 rl 1 rld 1 rlv 3, IV pl 2 plv 3 do 4 rl 2 rlv 3; metatarsus I pl 1 plv 2 rl 2 rlv 3, II pl 1 plv 3 rl 2 rlv 3, III pl 1 pld 3 plv 3 rl 1 rld 3 rlv 3, IV pl 1 pld 4 plv 4 rl 2 rld 3 rlv 4; tarsi I–IV spineless.
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFC44A132BA75283A" box="[997,1098,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Pedipalp</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFBF8A13DBAEA283A" box="[1113,1237,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
): palpal segments brownish with faint black annulations on femur, patella and tibia. RTA short with broad base and one tiny, sharp inferior denticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFEFAA175BF8D28F2" box="[347,434,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow). Ventro-lateral tibial apophysis short, thumb-like, directed at 2-o’clock in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFF7CA18EBF0A28D6" box="[221,309,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal part of cymbium slender, cylindriform; cymbium with a short baso-retrolateral, lamella-like outgrowth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFEB8A1ADBFAD28AA" box="[281,402,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegulum nearly oval. Subtegulum small. MA nearly globular, medio-retrolateral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFA96A1ADBBB128AA" box="[1335,1422,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10618FFFEFF36A1C6BEC4288F" box="[151,251,476,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">Embolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
long, with well sclerotised median part over membranous part, with wide, transversely oriented apical part, with hook-like tip, with a short, flat apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFCA6A1E5BDB82B62" box="[775,903,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Conductor broad, hyaline, apico-retrolateral, anterior part slightly overlying the embolar tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFD0FA23EBD182B46" box="[686,807,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D2C622CA061EFFF8FF36A775BC042E98" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="397" startId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" targetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="86067242061EFFF8FF36A775BC042E98" blockId="2.[151,1436,1903,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061EFFF8FF36A775BF282EFE" bold="true" box="[151,279,1903,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061EFFF8FD06A775BDBE2EFC" authority="Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[679,897,1903,1926]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unumus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061EFFF8FD06A775BDBE2EFC" box="[679,897,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">Africactenus unumus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFE132B061EFFF8FC2AA76ABDE02EFF" box="[907,991,1904,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="397" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061EFFF8FC2AA76ABDE02EFF" bold="true" box="[907,991,1904,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061EFFF8FAF4A76ABF982EDE" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061EFFF8FAF4A76ABF322EDE" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">Ctenus cochinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Gravely, 1931
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061EFFF8FEB9A7B4BC762EB9" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[280,585,1965,1987]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061EFFF8FEB9A7B4BF912EB9" box="[280,430,1965,1987]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">Ctenus indicus</emphasis>
|
||
Gravely, 1931
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B & C Jimmy Paul.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D2C622CA061FFFF9FF36A690BF6A2FA7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" startId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" targetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="86067242061FFFF9FF36A690BF6A2FA7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1674,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061FFFF9FF36A690BF2D2FE5" bold="true" box="[151,274,1674,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061FFFF9FEB9A690BFD22FDA" authority="Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[280,493,1674,1696]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unumus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061FFFF9FEB9A690BFD22FDA" box="[280,493,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Africactenus unumus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFE132B061FFFF9FE55A690BC7B2FE5" box="[500,580,1674,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061FFFF9FE55A690BC7B2FE5" bold="true" box="[500,580,1674,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A–B) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061FFFF9FD1DA690BDD82FDA" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[700,999,1674,1696]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061FFFF9FD1DA690BD6E2FDA" box="[700,849,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Ctenus indicus</emphasis>
|
||
Gravely, 1931
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="860672420618FFFEFF66A252BFA02B1A" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,415,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFF66A252BF242B1A" box="[199,283,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90618FFFEFF66A276BC702BD2" pageId="4" pageNumber="399" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="860672420618FFFEFF66A276BC702BD2" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFF66A276BF712BFF" bold="true" box="[199,334,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet, from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFD55A277BD0D2BFE" box="[756,818,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">unum</emphasis>
|
||
= one, is an adjective and refers to the single inferior denticle of the RTA of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90618FFFEFF66A2AEBCC22BB6" box="[199,765,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="860672420618FFFEFF66A2AEBCC22BB6" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,765,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFF66A2AEBF002BB7" bold="true" box="[199,319,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Males (n=3): body length 10.87–14.99.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90618FFFEFF66A2CDBC582B8A" box="[199,615,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="860672420618FFFEFF66A2CDBC582B8A" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,615,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFF66A2CDBF5F2B8A" bold="true" box="[199,352,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEAE32D20618FFFEFEC6A2CDBF9E2B8A" box="[359,417,727,752]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA00618FFFEFE0EA2CDBFC22B8A" box="[431,509,727,752]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFDB5A2CDBC662B8A" box="[532,601,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1023,1045]" captionTargetBox="[169,1421,210,992]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1001]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution records of Africactenus unumus sp. nov. Red circle, type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095911/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |