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128 lines
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<document id="26534BEFB4470A99A6D2C273C47314B1" ID-CLB-Dataset="30599" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="20e99045-6615-4e94-965f-db36c9fa25b9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1188688" ID-ZooBank="9A3DC9D3-0367-4A68-8B75-E96A1D78EE3F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1520243878247" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Sebastian, Pothalil A." docDate="2018" docId="0E10C354061DFFFBFF36A1E1BFDC2AB8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4388.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4388 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Africactenus Hyatt 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="396" masterDocId="F229BB2C061CFFFAFFA1A01ABE3F297A" masterDocTitle="First record of Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 and redescriptions of two poorly known species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae) from India" masterLastPageNumber="406" masterPageNumber="395" pageNumber="396" updateTime="1698527725216" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="675561ABD2EA1FFE8CA5A41189416074">First record of Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 and redescriptions of two poorly known species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae) from India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1C4E2656E21F771691A4C2AB063AD04A">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="645843BD8832F609936EC0D48D7AFC7F">Sebastian, Pothalil A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="02ED89E0F3D2E868D7BE6FF90E61484D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="407EF2D698FC6879815109D8F2993485">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1A6AA67F75439960B56A37B72E590A45">2018-03-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A48B1F35FF15B273B986314C374C9595">4388</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0E10C354061DFFFBFF36A1E1BFDC2AB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5968625" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141267388" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5968625" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C354061DFFFBFF36A1E1BFDC2AB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E10C354061DFFFBFF36A1E1BFDC2AB8" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
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<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF36A1E1BC1E2B6F" box="[151,545,506,533]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF36A1E1BC1E2B6F" blockId="1.[151,545,506,533]" box="[151,545,506,533]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
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<heading id="DD4EC52E061DFFFBFF36A1E1BC1E2B6F" bold="true" box="[151,545,506,533]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF36A1E1BC1E2B6F" bold="true" box="[151,545,506,533]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFF4FA1E0BC1E2B6F" ID-CoL="Q28" ID-ENA="1725425" authority="Hyatt, 1954" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1954" box="[238,545,506,533]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF4FA1E0BFB62B6E" bold="true" box="[238,393,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Africactenus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFE31A1E1BC1E2B6F" box="[400,545,507,533]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">Hyatt, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF36A25BBBA32B90" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF36A25BBBA32B90" blockId="1.[151,1436,577,962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
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<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF36A25BBF2E2B20" bold="true" box="[151,273,577,602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Carapace with deep dorsal indentation (
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFD7CA258BA5B2B20" box="[733,1124,577,602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">
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Hyatt 1954: fig. 2; herein
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<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFBA8A25BBA5B2B20" box="[1033,1124,577,602]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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), clypeus high (
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFAB8A258BEEC2B04" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref6040" refString="Steyn, T. L., Van der Donckt, J. - F. & Jocque, R. (2003) The Ctenidae (Araneae) of the rainforests in Eastern Cote d'Ivoire. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 290, 129 - 166." type="journal article">
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Steyn
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<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFAC3A258BBA32B23" box="[1378,1436,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">et al.</emphasis>
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2003
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</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 3; herein
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<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFE22A27FBFE22B04" box="[387,477,613,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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), cheliceral retromargin with four teeth, tibiae I and II usually with six prolateralventral and five retrolateral-ventral spines or rarely six on each row on tibiae I and II, RTA with superior and inferior denticles (
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFECCA2B4BFCB2BBC" box="[365,500,685,710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">Hyatt 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 3–4, 6–8;
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFD12A2B4BDBE2BBC" box="[691,897,685,710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref6040" refString="Steyn, T. L., Van der Donckt, J. - F. & Jocque, R. (2003) The Ctenidae (Araneae) of the rainforests in Eastern Cote d'Ivoire. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 290, 129 - 166." type="journal article">
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Steyn
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<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFD5CA2B4BD052BBF" box="[765,826,685,709]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">et al.</emphasis>
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2003
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</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 7–8, 12–13, 17–18; herein
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<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFAA7A2B7BB602BBC" box="[1286,1375,685,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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) and epigynal plate with M-shaped anterior half (
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFD23A2C8BD3A2B90" box="[642,773,721,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">Hyatt 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: plate XXXII, figs 26–33;
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFB8EA2C8BAD02B90" box="[1071,1263,721,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref6040" refString="Steyn, T. L., Van der Donckt, J. - F. & Jocque, R. (2003) The Ctenidae (Araneae) of the rainforests in Eastern Cote d'Ivoire. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 290, 129 - 166." type="journal article">
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Steyn
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<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFBD5A2C8BA932B93" box="[1140,1196,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">et al.</emphasis>
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2003
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</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 9, 14, 19).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF66A2EFBAEF2A74" box="[199,1232,757,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF66A2EFBAEF2A74" blockId="1.[151,1436,577,962]" box="[199,1232,757,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
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<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF66A2EFBF5D2A74" bold="true" box="[199,354,757,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Type species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFEC8A2EFBCC12A74" authority="(Pocock, 1900)" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[361,766,757,782]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilior">
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<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFEC8A2EFBC762A77" box="[361,585,757,781]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Africactenus agilior</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFDF9A2EFBCC92A74" box="[600,758,757,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5792" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1900) On the scorpions, pedipalps and spiders from tropical West-Africa, represented in the collection of the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 67 (4), 833 - 885, pls. LV - LVIII." type="journal article">Pocock, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, by subsequent designation (
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFBE1A2ECBAFC2A74" box="[1088,1219,757,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">Hyatt 1954</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF66A303BFDC2AB8" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF66A303BFDC2AB8" blockId="1.[151,1436,577,962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
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<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF66A303BF042A48" bold="true" box="[199,315,793,818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The genus was erected by
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFD25A300BD272A48" box="[644,792,793,818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">Hyatt (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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for 11 ctenid spiders from Africa as a member of the subfamily Acantheinae
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFE08A327BC032A2C" box="[425,572,829,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5983" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologique de l'Asie meridionale. V. Arachnides recueillis a Dehra-Dun (N. W. Prov.) et dans le Dekkan par M. A. Smythies. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 252 - 262." type="journal article">Simon, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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and was later transferred to Cteninae
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFBA0A327BAAB2A2C" box="[1025,1172,829,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5983" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologique de l'Asie meridionale. V. Arachnides recueillis a Dehra-Dun (N. W. Prov.) et dans le Dekkan par M. A. Smythies. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 252 - 262." type="journal article">Simon, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFB07A327BEEB2A00" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5686" refString="Polotow, D. & Brescovit, A. D. (2014) Phylogenetic analysis of the tropical wolf spider subfamily Cteninae (Arachnida, Araneae, Ctenidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170, 333 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / Zoj. 12101" type="journal article">Polotow & Brescovit 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). To date, the genus has 20 nominal species, three are known only from males, eight only from females, whereas nine are known from both sexes (World Spider Catalog 2017). The genus is currently restricted to Africa (World Spider Catalog 2017).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |