299 lines
35 KiB
XML
299 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="7A45D83B97777647C97613E0D8777FC0" ID-CLB-Dataset="45658" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3802.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43524c34-a5b7-4f7e-908a-3e3b61ffc6db" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252490" ID-ZooBank="CF479CC3-C014-460D-9C71-3A6C2AB2778B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460427181093" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jørgensen, Aslak, Boesgaard, Tom M., Møbjerg, Nadja & Kristensen, Reinhardt M." docDate="2014" docId="03F487B7FFBDFFE168CE1F95D712A7E6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03802p443.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3802 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Raiarctus katrinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="429" masterDocId="FFCDFFCFFFA7FFFD68591B0DD61FA000" masterDocTitle="The tardigrade fauna of Australian marine caves: With descriptions of nine new species of Arthrotardigrada" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="427" updateTime="1698330854638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="93466E0192ABD5980481AA566A987EF8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D7BE26F3FBB28A85DCBBBC2E3D3384C5">
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<mods:title id="F44B8BD73DA45233CC59D378CB026F95">The tardigrade fauna of Australian marine caves: With descriptions of nine new species of Arthrotardigrada</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="431B2CFEB2AC7AF1586EF9FC93A4AC72" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9A894270FD746CD46FD40F2D991FFE98">Jørgensen, Aslak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="94ED4E5802169ACFCE83B8E66C1C8D8B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5B7F1763CA8AE645B45889CA91736833">Boesgaard, Tom M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="59A90E4B0079552EAA88201D9E5D10E8">Møbjerg, Nadja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D3C04631827D7C877FA82F0613A515EE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="334C0BABA89722A7B45A17C53B33A075">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9482127D016D1A786A409A43687069CB">Kristensen, Reinhardt M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="083DB285E2D3C80D19E5C9E04D78473A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B09A861A4CCFC3A9024FD9DAEDBFD6FC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B45BD7D9E7E782411418BE7251A5660C">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="73C3AC02CE31F4556A1CF695A1A89E42" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D4B4C21F32F0464ECD3609308623FF2D">3802</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1C846118A64809799F446DF8253E243D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3802.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F487B7FFBDFFE168CE1F95D712A7E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5691097" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487B7FFBDFFE168CE1F95D712A7E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487B7FFBDFFE168CE1F95D712A7E6" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="429" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<subSubSection id="C347652AFFBDFFE768CE1F95D48AA4B2" box="[151,661,1176,1202]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBDFFE768CE1F95D48AA4B2" blockId="26.[151,661,1176,1202]" box="[151,661,1176,1202]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<heading id="D0AA81CDFFBDFFE768CE1F95D48AA4B2" bold="true" box="[151,661,1176,1202]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBDFFE768CE1F95D48AA4B2" bold="true" box="[151,661,1176,1202]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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Description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBDFFE769161F95D42FA4B2" box="[335,560,1176,1202]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="katrinae">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBDFFE769161F95D42FA4B2" bold="true" box="[335,560,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Raiarctus katrinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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nov. sp.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347652AFFBDFFE768CE1FD4D587A65A" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBDFFE768CE1FD4D587A65A" blockId="26.[151,1437,1241,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBDFFE768CE1FD4D70EA4F2" bold="true" box="[151,273,1241,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A characteristic cuticular ala-like structure supported by relatively long pillars surrounds the whole body. An additional row of pillars is embedded in the cuticle above the head, adding a second ala-like structure to the ovoid body. The dorsal epicuticle is supported by minor pillars arranged in parallel lines in six dorsal cuticular plate-like structures. The head has the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBDFFE76A3F1E48D51BA55E" box="[614,772,1349,1374]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Halechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBDFFE76A3F1E48D51BA55E" box="[614,772,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Halechiniscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-
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<typeStatus id="54E68803FFBDFFE76B551E4BD521A55E" box="[780,830,1350,1374]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">type</typeStatus>
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characteristic sense organs of club-shaped primary clavae with “van der Land’s organs” placed on the head appendage beside the lateral cirri. A small cuticular droplet is seen on the buccal tube between the three-lobed pharyngeal bulb and the bulbous mouth cone. The sense organ of the first leg arises from a minor basal cirrophorus on the coxa. The sense organ on leg IV comprises a cirrophorus and an ovoid-shaped scapus without a thread-like flagellum; “Van der Land’s organ” is not visible. The somatic cirrus E penetrates the dorsal epicuticle. Digits are of equal shape. A pad-like structure is visible dorsally, between the large folds of the internal digits. Each digit with a 3-pointed crescent claw. At the base of the digits of all four leg pairs is a prominent
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBDFFE769A41D4FD466A659" box="[509,633,1602,1625]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Styraconyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBDFFE769A41D4FD466A659" box="[509,633,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Styraconyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like horizontal peduncle.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347652AFFBDFFE7689E1D68D525A6C6" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBDFFE7689E1D68D525A6C6" blockId="26.[151,1437,1241,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBDFFE7689E1D68D767A67E" bold="true" box="[199,376,1637,1662]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<typeStatus id="54E68803FFBDFFE7689E1D68D71DA67E" box="[199,258,1637,1662]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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The holotypic female [
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<collectionCode id="ED4CAE64FFBDFFE76AD01D6BD4C2A67E" box="[649,733,1638,1662]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED4CAE64FFBDFFE76ABE1D6BD502A67E" box="[743,797,1638,1662]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">TAR</collectionCode>
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1299] was collected on
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<date id="FFE31061FFBDFFE76C661D6BD2E1A67E" box="[1087,1278,1638,1662]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" value="1999-01-11">11 January 1999</date>
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at Fish Rock Cave. Three additional
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<typeStatus id="54E68803FFBDFFE769C41D87D417A6A2" box="[413,520,1674,1698]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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were collected from Jim’s Cave. The material is deposited in The Natural History Museum of
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<collectingCountry id="F34A7631FFBDFFE769471DA0D796A6C6" box="[286,393,1709,1734]" name="Denmark" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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, University of Copenhagen,
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<collectingCountry id="F34A7631FFBDFFE76A931DA0D529A6C6" box="[714,822,1709,1734]" name="Denmark" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347652AFFBDFFE7689E1DDCD6C2A70D" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBDFFE7689E1DDCD6C2A70D" blockId="26.[151,1437,1241,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBDFFE7689E1DDCD751A6EA" bold="true" box="[199,334,1745,1770]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The name honours Katrine Worsaae for her contribution to the knowledge of meiofauna in marine caves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347652AFFBDFFE6689E1C14D2A1A4D5" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBDFFE6689E1C14D2B8A165" blockId="26.[151,1437,1241,2022]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBDFFE7689E1C14D40EA732" bold="true" box="[199,529,1817,1842]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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Description of the
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<typeStatus id="54E68803FFBDFFE769FD1C14D412A732" box="[420,525,1817,1842]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The holotypic female is 122 µm long and 70 µm wide between second and third legs pair (Figs 13–14). A characteristic cuticular ala-like structure supported by 112 relatively long pillars (10–15 µm long) surrounds the whole body. An additional row of pillars, embedded in the cuticula above the head, covers the prominent cirrophorus of the median cirrus, adding a second ala-like structure to the ovoid body. The dorsal epicuticle is supported by short 3 µm long pillars arranged in parallel lines within six dorsal cuticular plate-like structures (Figs 13 and 14A). The head has the 11 characteristic sense organs of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBDFFE76C171CC0D2F3A7E6" box="[1102,1260,1997,2022]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Halechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBDFFE76C171CC0D2F3A7E6" box="[1102,1260,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Halechiniscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-
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<typeStatus id="54E68803FFBDFFE76CAD1CC3D336A7E6" box="[1268,1321,1998,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">type</typeStatus>
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; however, the secondary clavae are indistinct. The 23 µm long median cirrus consists of a prominent scapus and a large flagellum. The 23 µm internal cirrus has a prominent scapus and a composite flagellum with a thinner distal section. The 25 µm external cirrus comprises a prominent scapus and long, simple, undifferentiated flagellum. The 37 µm lateral cirrus extends from the large ventro-lateral head appendage and comprises a large cirrophorus, a thinner scapus and a long narrow flagellum with a thread-like proximal part. The 12 µm club-shaped primary clava has a “van der Land’s organ”, and is placed on the same head appendage as the lateral cirrus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBCFFE6689E1A62D44AA2C5" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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The 21 µm long buccal tube, with a characteristic small cuticular droplet, connects the three-lobed pharyngeal bulb with the mouth opening. The latter is situated in the centre of a bulbous mouth cone. The needle-shaped stylets, with characteristic well developed furcae distally, are 20 µm long. The straight stylet supports measure 7 µm and are attached to the buccal tube and the stylet furcae. Three hooked placoids are visible in the three-lobed pharyngeal bulb (
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<figureCitation id="13662A24FFBCFFE669021AF1D7B2A215" box="[347,429,508,533]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1143,1165]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1121]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1122]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. LM of Raiarctus katrinae nov. sp. A. Dorsal rows of pillars. B. Buccal apparatus. Abbreviations: bt—buccal tube; cE—cirrus E; cp—caudal pillar; fp—frontal pillar; lp—lateral pillar; pc—primary clava; pl—placoids; ro—row of pillars; ss—stylet support; st—stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252491/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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B). A short esophagus connects the pharyngeal bulb to a large empty intestine, which ends at a posterior anus. The anus has a typical ovoid appearance and is covered with two large overlapping folds as well as a minor caudal fold with a wave-like pattern. The gonopore is located on an ovoid papilla surrounded by a rosette of six cells. The distance between gonopore and anus is 7 µm. The reproductive system consists of a single ovary with a single ovum and a very large oocyte. Nurse cells in the upper part of the ovary were not visible neither were seminal receptacles or spermatids.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBCFFE6689E19C2D24FA3BC" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">The junction between coxa and femur are not telescopic, whereas the junction between femur and tibia are strongly telescopic. The sense organ of the first leg arises from a minor basal ring or cirriphorus on the first leg coxa, comprising a short scapus and a tube-like flagellum with a combined length of 7 µm. The leg sense organs on the coxa of the next two pairs of legs are of equal length and shape consisting of a simple, 8 µm long cirrus. The sense organ on leg IV is 12 µm long and consists of a cirrophorus and an ovoid-shaped scapus without a thread-like flagellum. The “van der Land’s organ” is not visible. The 26 µm cirrus E projects through the dorsal epicuticle and consists of a tiny cirrophorus, a slender scapus with a long equally slender flagellum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBCFFE6689E18CBD438A4B2" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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Each tarsus has four digits. On all four pairs of legs (I–IV) the digits have the same configuration. On the first three pair of legs there are two shorter (7 µm) external digits and two larger (8 µm) internal digits. A pad-like structure is visible dorsally between the large folds of the internal digits. On the fourth leg pair the external digits measures 8 µm and the internal digits 12 µm. Each digit has a 3-pointed crescent-shaped claw consisting of a thin accessory hook, the main claw and a secondary hook. Each claw may be covered by a membranous sheath. At the base of the external digits in all four leg pairs is a prominent
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66B1D1F7AD5A0A48E" box="[836,959,1143,1166]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Styraconyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66B1D1F7AD5A0A48E" box="[836,959,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Styraconyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like horizontal peduncle. Claw glands are visible in the coxal part of each leg.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBCFFE6689E1FB1D2A1A4D5" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,1214,1212,1237]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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Morphometric data of the
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<typeStatus id="54E68803FFBCFFE669B41FB1D450A4D5" box="[493,591,1212,1237]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66A2D1FB3D55BA4D5" box="[628,836,1212,1237]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="katrinae">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66A2D1FB3D55BA4D5" box="[628,836,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Raiarctus katrinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66B121FB1D5BBA4D5" bold="true" box="[843,932,1212,1237]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">nov. sp.</emphasis>
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are presented in Table 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347652AFFBCFFE1689E1FD2D712A7E6" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="429" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBCFFE6689E1FD2D54BA584" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE6689E1FD2D724A4F8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1247,1272]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66A581FECD4C8A4F8" box="[513,727,1247,1272]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="katrinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66A581FECD4C8A4F8" box="[513,727,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Raiarctus katrinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66ABD1FD2D55CA4F8" bold="true" box="[740,835,1247,1272]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66C731FECD2D9A4F8" box="[1066,1222,1247,1272]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aureolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66C731FECD2D9A4F8" box="[1066,1222,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. aureolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, several differences can be recognised. Compared with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68803FFBCFFE66ABA1E09D50CA51C" box="[739,787,1284,1308]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">type</typeStatus>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66B9D1E09D243A51C" box="[964,1116,1283,1308]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aureolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66B9D1E09D243A51C" box="[964,1116,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. aureolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Australian animals are larger. The cap-like row of pillars embedded in the cuticula, which add a second ala-like structure to the dorsal epicuticle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE669751E47D7B6A562" box="[300,425,1353,1378]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="katrinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE669751E47D7B6A562" box="[300,425,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. katrinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is not described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66ACC1E47D532A562" box="[661,813,1353,1378]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aureolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66ACC1E47D532A562" box="[661,813,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. aureolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nor is the arrangement of the short pillars in parallel lines embedded in the six dorsal cuticular plate-like structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBCFFE6689E1E82D2BEA658" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
The primary clava seems to be more cone-like in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66B6B1E9CD5D5A5A8" box="[818,970,1423,1448]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aureolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66B6B1E9CD5D5A5A8" box="[818,970,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. aureolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68803FFBCFFE66B8D1E82D226A5A8" box="[980,1081,1423,1448]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and thus differ from the clubshaped organs of the current species. This difference could, however, simply be a consequence of different degrees of compression in the mounted specimens. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66AC31EDAD509A5EF" box="[666,790,1494,1519]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="katrinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66AC31EDAD509A5EF" box="[666,790,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. katrinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66B441EDBD568A5EF" bold="true" box="[797,887,1494,1519]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
(and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66BEF1EDAD23DA5EE" box="[950,1058,1495,1518]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="jesperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66BEF1EDAD23DA5EE" box="[950,1058,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. jesperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66C701EDBD29DA5EF" bold="true" box="[1065,1154,1494,1519]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
) the internal cirri consist of a large scapus and a slender composite flagellum divided into proximal and distal sections whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66DDD1EF7D711A635" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aureolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66DDD1EF7D711A635" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. aureolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE669441D13D78EA635" box="[285,401,1564,1589]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="colurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE669441D13D78EA635" box="[285,401,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. colurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE669931D13D448A635" box="[458,599,1564,1589]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE669931D13D448A635" box="[458,599,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the flagellum is simple. The composite flagellum of the lateral cirrus is a unique character for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE669261D4CD7E4A658" box="[383,507,1599,1624]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="katrinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE669261D4CD7E4A658" box="[383,507,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. katrinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66A5A1D32D443A658" bold="true" box="[515,604,1599,1624]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
as other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66A9B1D4CD531A658" box="[706,814,1601,1624]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66A9B1D4CD531A658" box="[706,814,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Raiarctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have a simple flagellum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBCFFE6689E1D6ED474A7DC" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
The small cuticular droplet seen on the buccal tube was not described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66C451D69D2AAA67C" box="[1052,1205,1635,1660]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aureolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66C451D69D2AAA67C" box="[1052,1205,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. aureolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The first leg sense organ arising from a small basal cirriphorus ring on the coxa and continuing in a small scapus and a tube-like flagellum has been seen in several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66A6B1DA7D481A6C1" box="[562,670,1706,1729]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66A6B1DA7D481A6C1" box="[562,670,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Raiarctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (pers. obs. R.M. Kristensen), but was not described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66DDD1DA7D711A6E5" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aureolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66DDD1DA7D711A6E5" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. aureolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore the sense organ of the fourth leg does not have the short flagellum, which is present in the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE669091DFCD7A3A708" box="[336,444,1777,1800]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE669091DFCD7A3A708" box="[336,444,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Raiarctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Cirrus E penetrates the dorsal epicuticle in the Australian
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68803FFBCFFE66C031DFCD291A709" box="[1114,1166,1777,1801]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">type</typeStatus>
|
||
; though this is not clear in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE668ED1C19D755A72C" box="[180,330,1811,1836]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aureolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE668ED1C19D755A72C" box="[180,330,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. aureolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The pad-like structure in-between the large folds of the internal digits described in the Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE668CE1C3AD71CA74E" box="[151,259,1847,1870]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE668CE1C3AD71CA74E" box="[151,259,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Raiarctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE6694B1C3BD76CA74F" bold="true" box="[274,371,1846,1871]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
is not described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66A2F1C3AD50BA74F" box="[630,788,1846,1871]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aureolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66A2F1C3AD50BA74F" box="[630,788,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. aureolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neither are the prominent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66C351C3AD2F7A74E" box="[1132,1256,1847,1870]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Styraconyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66C351C3AD2F7A74E" box="[1132,1256,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Styraconyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like horizontal peduncles. The pad-like structures and horizontal peduncles are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66BA81C57D279A772" box="[1009,1126,1881,1906]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="colurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66BA81C57D279A772" box="[1009,1126,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. colurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66C2F1C57D2FAA771" box="[1142,1253,1882,1905]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="jesperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66C2F1C57D2FAA771" box="[1142,1253,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. jesperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66CB41C54D356A772" bold="true" box="[1261,1353,1881,1906]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66DDD1C57D71DA795" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66DDD1C57D71DA795" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Genital papillae, which are openings for the receptacula semini, are not clearly visible in the Australian material. The genital papillae have been shown for females in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66B031CACD354A7B8" authority="Kristensen & Neuhaus 1999" authorityName="Kristensen & Neuhaus" authorityYear="1999" box="[858,1355,1952,1977]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aureolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66B031CACD5EEA7B9" box="[858,1009,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. aureolatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B50FFBCFFE66C591CADD35CA7B8" author="Kristensen" box="[1024,1347,1952,1977]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refString="Kristensen, R. M. & Neuhaus, B. (1999) The ultrastructure of the tardigrade cuticle with special attention to marine species. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 238, 261 - 282." type="journal article" year="1999">Kristensen & Neuhaus 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBCFFE66DDD1CACD479A7DC" authority="D'Addabbo Gallo et al. 1986" authorityName="D'Addabbo Gallo et al." authorityYear="1986" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE66DDD1CACD71CA7DC" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">R. variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
(D’Addabbo
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B50FFBCFFE669C41CCED441A7DC" author="Gallo" box="[413,606,1987,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refString="D'Addabbo Gallo, M., Grimaldi de Zio, S. & Morone de Lucia, M. R. (1986) Description of two species of Halechiniscidae belonging to the sub-families Halechiniscinae and Styraconyxinae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada). Oebalia, 13, 69 - 75." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Gallo
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBCFFE669BA1CC9D404A7DC" box="[483,539,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FFBBFFE168CE1C7FD712A7E6" blockId="28.[151,1436,1906,2022]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBBFFE168CE1C7FD739A787" bold="true" box="[151,294,1906,1928]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawing of the holotypic female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FFBBFFE16AE71C7ED59EA788" box="[702,897,1906,1928]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Raiarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="katrinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBBFFE16AE71C7ED59EA788" box="[702,897,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Raiarctus katrinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FFBBFFE16BD61C7FD5F7A787" bold="true" box="[911,1000,1906,1927]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
(dorsal view). Abbreviations: an—anus; cE—cirrus E; cg—claw gland; ec—external cirrus; go—gonopore; ic—internal cirrus; lc—lateral cirrus; lp—lateral pillar; mc—median cirrus; ov—ovary; pb—pharyngeal bulb; pc—primary clava; pd—peduncle; pi—cuticular pillars; se1–4—leg sense organs 1–4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |