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<mods:title id="8804223EF9A0A381273128628ABAE1C0">Revision of the new world species of Hylurgops LeConte, 1876 with the description of a new genus in the Hylastini (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) and comments on some Palearctic species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03EADA36FFEF333303E5FBD35D8AFE4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691401" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119421838" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5691401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EADA36FFEF333303E5FBD35D8AFE4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EADA36FFEF333303E5FBD35D8AFE4F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="314" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<subSubSection id="C35938ABFFEF333003E5FBD35D68FBF1" box="[151,553,1051,1078]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFC6B20FFEF333003E5FBD35D68FBF1" blockId="13.[151,553,1051,1078]" box="[151,553,1051,1078]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<heading id="D0B4DC4CFFEF333003E5FBD35D68FBF1" bold="true" box="[151,553,1051,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF333003E5FBD35D68FBF1" bold="true" box="[151,553,1051,1078]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4310A3FFEF3330039FFBD45D68FBF1" ID-CoL="8HGZC" authority="LeConte, 1876" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1876" box="[237,553,1051,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylurgops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF3330039FFBD45E2DFBF2" bold="true" box="[237,364,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Hylurgops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD216D1FFEF33300206FBD35D68FBF1" author="LeConte" box="[372,553,1052,1078]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1876) Family IX, Scolytidae. In: LeConte, J. L. &amp; Horn, G. H. (Eds.), The Rhynchophora of America North of Mexico. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 15 (96), pp. 341 - 391." type="journal article" year="1876">LeConte, 1876</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35938ABFFEF333003E5FBAD5DDAFBBC" box="[151,667,1122,1147]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC6B20FFEF333003E5FBAD5DDAFBBC" blockId="13.[151,1436,1122,2025]" box="[151,667,1122,1147]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF333003E5FBAD5E6AFBBC" bold="true" box="[151,299,1122,1147]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<typeStatus id="54F8D582FFEF333003E5FBAD5F93FBBC" box="[151,210,1122,1147]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C4310A3FFEF33300248FBAD5DDAFBBC" authority="Fitch, 1858" authorityName="Fitch" authorityYear="1858" box="[314,667,1122,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylurgops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinifex">
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF33300248FBAD5D43FBBC" box="[314,514,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Hylurgops pinifex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD216D1FFEF33300163FBAD5DD2FBBC" author="Fitch" box="[529,659,1122,1147]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" refString="Fitch, A. (1858) Fourth report on the noxious, beneficial and other insects of the state of New York. Transaction of the New York State Agriculture Society, 17, 687 - 814." type="journal article" year="1858">Fitch, 1858</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35938ABFFEF333003B5FB495C47FACC" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC6B20FFEF333003B5FB495C47FACC" blockId="13.[151,1436,1122,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF333003B5FB495E00FB58" bold="true" box="[199,321,1158,1183]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
It is distinguished from the similar genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4310A3FFEF3330004EFB495CDDFB58" box="[828,924,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF3330004EFB495CDDFB58" box="[828,924,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Hylastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<taxonomicName id="4C4310A3FFEF33300085FB495B1FFB58" box="[1015,1118,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hylastini">Hylastini</taxonomicName>
by the broader third tarsal segment, by the apically broadening fifth tarsal segment, by the pronotal interspaces with abundant punctures half the size as the larger punctures, by the pronotum being as long as its width, and by the distinct middle impression of the frons without an inflated region immediately below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35938ABFFEF333303B5FAD95D8AFE4F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC6B20FFEF333303B5FAD95D8AFE4F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1122,2025]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF333003B5FAD95E18FAE8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1302,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Description.</emphasis>
By those characters of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4310A3FFEF333001FBFAD95CCBFAE8" authority="(Wood 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Wood" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[649,906,1302,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hylastini">
Hylastini (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD216D1FFEF3330018CFAD95CC3FAE8" author="Wood" box="[766,898,1302,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" refString="Wood, S. L. (1982) The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 6, 1 - 1359." type="journal article" year="1982">Wood 1982</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and the following:
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF33300714FAD95BD7FAE8" bold="true" box="[1126,1174,1302,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Size</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF333007DFFAD85BBCFAE8" box="[1197,1277,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">N=200</emphasis>
). Length 2.2 5.9 (avg. 4.3 ± 0.6) mm long, 2.42.8× longer than wide.
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF3330004AFAF55C3AFA94" bold="true" box="[824,891,1338,1363]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Color</emphasis>
. Mature adult from dark brown to black, some bicolored with pronota darker than elytra.
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF333001F6FA915D88FAB0" bold="true" box="[644,713,1374,1399]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Frons</emphasis>
. Middle transverse impression arching down.
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF33300794FA915A5FFAB0" bold="true" box="[1254,1310,1374,1399]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Eyes</emphasis>
. Elongateoval, 2.22.5× longer than wide.
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF3330017AFA4D5DC1FA5C" bold="true" box="[520,640,1410,1435]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Pronotum</emphasis>
. Broad, length/width ratio 0.91.1 (avg. 1.0 ± 0.1), apically constricted or smoothly tapering; surface smooth to reticulate, spaces between large punctures with medium-sized punctures (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEF333003EDFA055FA4FA24" box="[159,229,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,486,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[201,1387,483,1411]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Detail of Hylastini galleries: a) Pachysquamus subcostulatus, maternal (red) and larval gallery (adapted from Cibrián-Tovar et al. 1995), b) Hylurgops pinifex (eastern form), maternal (red) and larval gallery (adapted from Blackman 1919)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252617/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
c); interspaces narrower than diameter of larger punctures (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEF333000E7FA055C9AFA24" box="[917,987,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,486,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[201,1387,483,1411]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Detail of Hylastini galleries: a) Pachysquamus subcostulatus, maternal (red) and larval gallery (adapted from Cibrián-Tovar et al. 1995), b) Hylurgops pinifex (eastern form), maternal (red) and larval gallery (adapted from Blackman 1919)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252617/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
c); impunctate midline usually present, sometimes raised from base to anterior impression, sometimes reaching apex; vestiture hair-like, whitish to reddish, indistinct to distinctly long.
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF33300141F9DD5D3EF9EC" bold="true" box="[563,639,1554,1579]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Elytra</emphasis>
. Length/width ratio 1.62.0 (avg. 1.7 ± 0.2); bases procurved to nearly straight (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEF3330038EF9F95E16F988" box="[252,343,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,889,911]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,452,832]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[201,1387,447,835]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. The anterior margin of elytra in the Hylastini. a) anteriorly procurved as in Scierus and some Hylurgops (H. pinifex), b) nearly straight as in most Hylastes (H. mexicanus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252625/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
ab), margin not strongly elevated, asperities indistinct to small, rounded (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEF333007DBF9F95BBAF988" box="[1193,1275,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1646,1668]" captionTargetBox="[210,1388,994,1573]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[205,1391,992,1576]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 12. Shape of elytral disc strial punctures in Hylurgops: a) round (H. longipennis), b) keyhole-shaped (H. pinifex), and c) keyhole-shape variation (H. planirostris)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252626/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
a) or keyholeshaped (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEF33300386F9925E0EF9B1" box="[244,335,1629,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1646,1668]" captionTargetBox="[210,1388,994,1573]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[205,1391,992,1576]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 12. Shape of elytral disc strial punctures in Hylurgops: a) round (H. longipennis), b) keyhole-shaped (H. pinifex), and c) keyhole-shape variation (H. planirostris)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252626/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
bc), 9th striae indistinctly separated from 10th posterior to metacoxae; interstriae nearly as wide as striae, with three to five rows of short, recumbent, whitish to reddish-yellow, hair-like setae usually extending from middle of disc to its end, emerging from minute punctures or rugosities and a single line of long, semi-erect to erect, whitish to reddish hair-like setae, becoming longer after middle of disc, emerging behind a granule or rugosity.
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF33300272F93F5E29F8CE" bold="true" box="[256,360,1776,1801]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Declivity</emphasis>
. Convex; striae narrower than interstriae, punctures as in elytra; 1st, 9th and 10th striae reaching apex (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEF333003ADF8D85E75F8E8" box="[223,308,1815,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,990,1447]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[153,1433,988,1451]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 13. Declivity strial pattern of Hylurgops: a) third striae not touching the sixth (H. pinifex eastern form), b) third striae sometimes touching the sixth (H. rugipennis)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252627/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
), 3rd and 8th meeting above interstriae 9 and 3 junction, 6th and 7th meeting anterior and between previous, and 4th and 5th meeting or ending singly over previous, further away from apex; interstriae convex, 2nd variably impressed, 3rd widest, intersecting 4th or not, with uniseriate row of granules followed by long, hair-like setae, ground vestiture of three to five rows of short, recumbent, whitish to reddish, scale-like or hair-like setae, emerging from a minute puncture.
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEF33300150F8635DA5F802" bold="true" box="[546,740,1964,1989]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Ventral sclerites</emphasis>
. Procoxae subcontiguous; precoxal region acutely raised, not blunt; anterior margin of mesoventrite slightly rounded to straight (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEF333000EAF81F5CA9F82E" box="[920,1000,2000,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1835,1857]" captionTargetBox="[199,1385,269,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[199,1385,269,1765]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Anterior margin of mesoventrite in the Hylastini: a) distinctly pointed (Pachysquamus subcostulatus), b) slightly rounded and sub-inflated (Hylurgops planirostris), c) truncate, margin straight (Hylastes salebrosus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252616/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
bc); abdominal sclerites one and five longer than others, fifth more elongate in females than males; third tarsal segment distinctly (1.31.7×) broader than second (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEC3333025CFF735E2EFF13" box="[302,367,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[388,1199,1430,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[388,1200,1421,1879]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tarsal characters distinguishing Hylurgops from Hylastes: a) third tarsal segment broader than the second, the fifth tarsal segment broadening apically (Hylurgops longipennis), b) second and third tarsal segments equally broad, fifth not broadening apically (Hylastes mexicanus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252615/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
a), fifth near 2× broader at apex than at base.
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEC3333000EFF735CAEFF12" bold="true" box="[892,1007,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Aedeagus</emphasis>
. Aedeagus cylindrical, proportionally shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="4C4310A3FFEC33330236FF105EADFF3F" box="[324,492,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pachysquamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEC33330236FF105EADFF3F" box="[324,492,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Pachysquamus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ventrally straight with or without step-like lobe (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEC33330758FF105B2FFF3F" box="[1066,1134,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[221,1367,241,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[215,1371,233,1792]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aedeagus and spiculum gastrale: a) Pachysquamus subcostulatus, b) Hylurgops reticulatus, c) Hylastes ater (modified from Grocholski et al. 1976), d) Hylurgops rugipennis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252620/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
d), dorsally arcuate. Necklike extension (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEC33330238FECB5ED1FEDA" box="[330,400,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[221,1367,241,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[215,1371,233,1792]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aedeagus and spiculum gastrale: a) Pachysquamus subcostulatus, b) Hylurgops reticulatus, c) Hylastes ater (modified from Grocholski et al. 1976), d) Hylurgops rugipennis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252620/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
c) between aedeagus and aedeagal apodemes present in some
<taxonomicName id="4C4310A3FFEC33330714FECB5F99FE87" authority="Grocholski et al. 1976" authorityName="Grocholski et al." authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEC33330714FECB5B87FEDA" box="[1126,1222,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Hylastes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD216D1FFEC333307ABFECB5F91FE87" author="Grocholski" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Grocholski, J., Michalski, J. &amp; Nowak, W. (1976) Notes on intraspecific variation and sexual dimorphism of some Palearctic species in the genus Hylastes Er. (Col., Scolytidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 21, 553 - 584." type="journal article" year="1976">Grocholski et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is absent in New World
<taxonomicName id="4C4310A3FFEC33330284FEE85D2AFE87" box="[502,619,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylurgops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937B732FFEC33330284FEE85D2AFE87" box="[502,619,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Hylurgops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEC3333010EFEE85D8DFE87" box="[636,716,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[221,1367,241,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[215,1371,233,1792]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aedeagus and spiculum gastrale: a) Pachysquamus subcostulatus, b) Hylurgops reticulatus, c) Hylastes ater (modified from Grocholski et al. 1976), d) Hylurgops rugipennis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252620/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
b, 7bi). Spiculum gastrale slightly longer than aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEC33330616FEE85FE4FEA2" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,194,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[190,1396,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Aedeagus of the New World Hylurgops and Pachysquamus: a) Pachysquamus subcostulatus, b) Hylurgops planirostris, c) H. rugipennis, d) H. pinifex, e) H. incomptus, f) H. longipennis, g) H. knausi, h) H. reticulatus, and i) H. porosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252621/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
bi), rounded at tip, extending slightly arcuate posterior to aedeagus, and ending caudally in a fork. Tegmen with a short or completely absent manubrium (
<figureCitation id="137877A5FFEC33330118FEA05DECFE4F" box="[618,685,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[221,1367,241,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[215,1371,233,1792]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aedeagus and spiculum gastrale: a) Pachysquamus subcostulatus, b) Hylurgops reticulatus, c) Hylastes ater (modified from Grocholski et al. 1976), d) Hylurgops rugipennis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252620/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
b).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>