295 lines
45 KiB
XML
295 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="09B28092E695286A7E27095333B12D03" ID-CLB-Dataset="45564" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3814.1.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c2f87315-8c22-4fba-87a2-55fa2f6526cd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230786" ID-ZooBank="164387ED-CF6F-4AC2-97D5-E682BE1EB2FE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460433563731" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leister, Matthew & Miller, Kelly" docDate="2014" docId="03DCD762EC452432CCECC0A6FD0EFAE2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03814p150.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3814 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sphecotypus niger Perty 1833" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="149" masterDocId="FFE5AF1AEC442431CC7BC169FFA9FF8E" masterDocTitle="First description of the male of Sphecotypus niger (Perty, 1833), with notes on behavioral and morphological mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae)" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="146" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1698331718607" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EB51DDD18789A944E94865FA8E4158A4">
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<mods:title id="BD2479C1FDC62D9147461A4D96958356">First description of the male of Sphecotypus niger (Perty, 1833), with notes on behavioral and morphological mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0197CF003827CAC2A8272A64B77B6BE">Leister, Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C1EEC9F39A23B0A83C207390BEF11509" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7C734E54BB1BE41470AFFEB183A7D480">Miller, Kelly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9046C644FA086247BD823E250426F783">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F3946E9A00C06FDF292806173CA266F7">
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<mods:date id="39D41C81CC52DEB185FA73CF8289C26B">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0ED31D866C7CB5DC2E7D536AAC685C77" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5D78F1D0B20F35C4DECD9BD76871344F">3814</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DCD762EC452432CCECC0A6FD0EFAE2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6123378" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119430985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6123378" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DCD762EC452432CCECC0A6FD0EFAE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCD762EC452432CCECC0A6FD0EFAE2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection id="C36F35FFEC452430CCECC0A6FEB3FD87" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC452430CCECC0A6FE51FE69" blockId="1.[151,504,463,521]" box="[151,504,463,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
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<heading id="D082D118EC452430CCECC0A6FE51FE69" bold="true" box="[151,504,463,487]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC452430CCECC0A6FE51FE69" ID-CoL="6YXSD" authority="Perty, 1833" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,504,463,487]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Sphecotypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="B901BA66EC452430CCECC0A6FE51FE69" bold="true" box="[151,504,463,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B901BA66EC452430CCECC0A6FEC8FE69" bold="true" box="[151,353,463,487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Sphecotypus niger</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC452430CD14C0B9FE5BFE69" author="Perty" box="[367,498,464,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Perty, M. (1833) Arachnides Brasilienses. In: de Spix, J. B. & Martius, F. P. (Eds.), Delectus animalium articulatorum quae in itinere per Braziliam ann. 1817 et 1820 colligerunt. Monachii, pp. 191 - 209, pls. 38 - 39." type="journal article" year="1833">Perty, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC452430CCECC09BFEB3FD87" blockId="1.[151,504,463,521]" box="[151,282,498,521]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
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<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430CCECC09BFF45FD87" box="[151,236,498,521]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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A–I
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F35FFEC452430CCECC351FBA8FD01" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC452430CCECC351FC0FFDE1" blockId="1.[151,1374,568,655]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB65415AEC452430CCECC351FC0FFDE1" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC452430CCECC351FE52FDC1" ID-CoL="73RM6" authority="Perty, 1833: 199" authorityName="Perty" authorityPageNumber="199" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,507,568,591]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="B901BA66EC452430CCECC351FEEDFDC1" box="[151,324,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Myrmecia nigra</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD44065EC452430CD31C351FE52FDC1" author="Perty" box="[330,507,568,591]" page="199" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" year="1833">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC452430CD31C351FE6EFDC1" author="Perty" box="[330,455,568,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Perty, M. (1833) Arachnides Brasilienses. In: de Spix, J. B. & Martius, F. P. (Eds.), Delectus animalium articulatorum quae in itinere per Braziliam ann. 1817 et 1820 colligerunt. Monachii, pp. 191 - 209, pls. 38 - 39." type="journal article" year="1833">Perty, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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: 199
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 39, fig. 9;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD44065EC452430CEECC351FCD3FDC1" author="Koch" box="[663,890,568,591]" page="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" year="1841">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC452430CEECC351FCFAFDC1" author="Koch" box="[663,851,568,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Koch, C. L. (1841) Die Arachniden. Achter Band & Neunter Band. Nurnberg, pp. 41 - 131 & pp. 1 - 56." type="book chapter" year="1841">C. L. Koch, 1841</bibRefCitation>
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: 15
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 701;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD44065EC452430CF9CC351FB60FDC1" author="Keyserling" box="[999,1225,568,591]" page="80" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" year="1891">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC452430CF9CC351FB0BFDC1" author="Keyserling" box="[999,1186,568,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Keyserling, E. (1891) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Brasilianische Spinnen. Nurnberg, 3, 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="1891">Keyserling, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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: 80
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 2, fig. 40.
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<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC452430CCECC331FCBBFDE1" authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895: 153" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityPageNumber="153" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,786,600,623]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Sphecotypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formicarius">
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<emphasis id="B901BA66EC452430CCECC331FE37FDE1" box="[151,414,600,623]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Sphecotypus formicarius</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD44065EC452430CDDDC331FCBBFDE1" author="Pickard-Cambridge" box="[422,786,600,623]" page="153" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" year="1895">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC452430CDDDC331FD74FDE1" author="Pickard-Cambridge" box="[422,733,600,623]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1895) Arachnida. Araneidea. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali- Americana, Zoology, 1, pp. 145 - 160." type="journal article" year="1895">O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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: 153
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 19, fig. 4.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC452430CCECC311FBA8FD01" blockId="1.[151,1374,568,655]" box="[151,1025,632,655]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB65415AEC452430CCECC311FBA8FD01" box="[151,1025,632,655]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC452430CCECC311FE1FFD01" ID-CoL="6YXSD" authority="Simon, 1897: 176" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="176" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,438,632,655]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Sphecotypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="B901BA66EC452430CCECC311FF40FD01" box="[151,233,632,655]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">S. niger</emphasis>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD44065EC452430CC8DC311FE1FFD01" author="Simon" box="[246,438,632,655]" page="176" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" year="1897">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC452430CC8DC311FE2BFD01" author="Simon" box="[246,386,632,655]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Vol. 2. Paris, 192 pp." type="book" year="1897">Simon, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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: 176
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs 168-169, 171;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD44065EC452430CEF7C311FCCEFD01" author="Reiskind" box="[652,871,632,655]" page="282" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC452430CEF7C311FC98FD01" author="Reiskind" box="[652,817,632,655]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Reiskind, J. (1969) The spider subfamily Castianeirinae of North and Central America (Araneae, Clubionidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 138, 163 - 325." type="journal article" year="1969">Reiskind, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 282
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 232, fig. 290.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36F35FFEC452430CCECC3D3FD8EFCB7" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC452430CCECC3D3FD8EFCB7" blockId="1.[151,1436,698,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B901BA66EC452430CCECC3D3FEA5FD5F" bold="true" box="[151,268,698,721]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC452430CD6EC3D3FE75FD5F" box="[277,476,698,721]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Sphecotypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="B901BA66EC452430CD6EC3D3FE75FD5F" box="[277,476,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Sphecotypus niger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently the only member of the genus found in the New World and can be easily distinguished from other members of the genus by: (1) the presence of an abdominal constriction in both sexes, whereas the Asian species lack this constriction, (2) the setal projection on the male pedipalp tibia, and (3) a male embolus that is screw-like in appearance (
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<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430CDD5C24BFE40FCB7" box="[430,489,802,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A–I).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F35FFEC452430CCBCC22CFE9BFC69" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC452430CCBCC22CFE9BFC69" blockId="1.[151,1436,698,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B901BA66EC452430CCBCC22CFD86FCD2" bold="true" box="[199,559,837,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
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Material examined.
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<collectingCountry id="F36226E4EC452430CDCBC22CFD82FCD2" box="[432,555,837,860]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Río San Juan: Bartola
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4100B3EC452430CF4BC22CFC10FCD2" box="[816,953,837,860]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" precision="1" value="10.972217">10°58.333'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4100B3EC452430CFBDC22CFBFAFCD2" box="[966,1107,837,860]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" precision="1" value="-84.3391">84°20.346'W</geoCoordinate>
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, elev.
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<quantity id="4C8DCB91EC452430C8E2C22CFB7BFCD2" box="[1177,1234,837,860]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" unit="m" value="36.0">36 m</quantity>
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<date id="FFCB40B4EC452430C8A1C22CFA3EFCD2" box="[1242,1431,837,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" value="2012-05-18" valueMax="2012-05-23" valueMin="2012-05-18">18–23 May 2012</date>
|
||
, K.B. Miller, M. Leister coll.,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D73ADFDEC452430CE7DC201FD8EFCF1" box="[518,551,872,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
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(
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||
<collectionCode id="ED64FEB1EC452430CE3BC201FD24FCF1" box="[576,653,872,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">MSBA</collectionCode>
|
||
30573); Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur: RN Kahka Creek,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4100B3EC452430CCECC2E3FE89FC2F" box="[151,288,906,929]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" precision="1" value="12.6726">12°40.356'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4100B3EC452430CD51C2E3FE1EFC2F" box="[298,439,906,929]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" precision="1" value="-83.71252">83°42.751'W</geoCoordinate>
|
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, elev.
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||
<quantity id="4C8DCB91EC452430CD82C2E3FD98FC2F" box="[505,561,906,929]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
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,
|
||
<date id="FFCB40B4EC452430CE47C2E3FD1BFC2F" box="[572,690,906,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" value="2011-06-09">9 Jun 2011</date>
|
||
, 2° lowland rainforest, beating vegetation,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED64FEB1EC452430C800C2E3FB48FC2F" box="[1147,1249,906,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">LLAMA</collectionCode>
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||
#Go-D-
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||
<date id="FFCB40B4EC452430C942C2E3FA2AFC2F" box="[1337,1411,906,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" value="2001-01-07">07-1-01</date>
|
||
, 1 imm. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64FEB1EC452430CCA6C2C4FEB1FC4A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[221,280,941,964]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">MCZ</collectionCode>
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||
125157).
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC452430CDFDC2C4FDA2FC4A" bold="true" box="[390,523,941,964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36226E4EC452430CDFDC2C4FDAEFC4A" box="[390,519,941,964]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Puntarenas: Carara Reserve (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4100B3EC452430CF30C2C4FC31FC4A" box="[843,920,941,964]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" precision="925" value="9.783334">9°47'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4100B3EC452430CFDFC2C4FBABFC4A" box="[932,1026,941,964]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" precision="925" value="-84.55">84°33'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
<date id="FFCB40B4EC452430C869C2C4FB05FC4A" box="[1042,1196,941,964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" value="1991-03-07">7 March 1991</date>
|
||
, D.M. Olson coll., 1♀ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64FEB1EC452430CCE5C2B9FF70FC69" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[158,217,976,999]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
28119).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F35FFEC452432CCBCC29BFC29FC91" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC452430CCBCC29BFB23F801" blockId="1.[151,1436,698,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC452430CCBCC29BFE35FB87" bold="true" box="[199,412,1010,1033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Description. Male:</emphasis>
|
||
body elongate, highly modified ant-like form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430CFE6C29BFC70FB87" box="[925,985,1010,1033]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C), legs long, slender; carapace black, elongate, granulose, covered in fine white feathery setae, sparse thin, long, white setae throughout. Eight eyes formed in two recurved rows; PER wider then AER; posterior eyes sub-equal, small, AME largest, roughly twice diameter of PME, ALE small. Carapace with two distinct regions, cephalic region length subequal to width, domed, anterior margin truncate, posteriorly rounded, distinguished from thoracic region by deep constriction; Thoracic region length 2 × width, domed, highest anteriorly, narrowed posteriorly, constricted into three smaller, overlapping, triangular lobes, terminating with small raised dome; thoracic groove absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430CEDDC5ABFD4AFB57" box="[678,739,1218,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Abdomen with dorsum black, elongate, granulose; dorsal sclerite nearly complete, covered in fine white feathery setae, with sparse, long, thin, white setae throughout; abdomen divided into two lobes by strong median constriction, anterior lobe spherical, posterior lobe elliptical, length greater than width; white feathery setae separating dorsal sclerite of posterior lobe into three broad annulations giving segmented appearance; posterior abdomen divided by four transverse folds giving an appearance of segmentation, pseudosegmentation reinforced by patterning of feathery setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430CE95C419FC80FA09" box="[750,809,1392,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C); epigastric sclerite length slightly greater than width, protruding from abdomen; ventral sclerite length nearly 2 × width, greatest width anteriorly, posteriorly pointed; inframamillary sclerite length greater than width, enclosing spinnerets ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430C849C4DCFBDFFA42" box="[1074,1142,1461,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Sternum brown-black, elongate, granulose, covered in fine white feathery setae, length approximately 4 × width, anteriorly extending beyond first pair of coxae, tapering posteriorly, extending between coxae, contiguous with precoxal and intercoxal sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430C90BC493FF0BF9BA" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Chelicerae black with straight edges, vertical, with slight concavity on anteromedial surface, covered in long dark setae along anterior surface; with dense setae covering two retromarginal and three promarginal teeth, distal promarginal tooth smallest, medial promarginal tooth largest. Labium black, rectangular, length greater than width, divided with medial transverse suture. Endites black, rectangular, length greater than width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430CF87C7ECFB95F912" box="[1020,1084,1669,1692]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Coxa I smooth, yellow with brown maculae; coxae II–IV dark brown to black, granulose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430CF38C7C1FC28F931" box="[835,897,1704,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C); trochanters slightly notched; femur I dark brown to black with yellow maculae, tapered distally; patella I dark red-brown; tibia I slender, smooth, distally covered with coarse dark setae; rest of leg I dark red-brown to black; femora II–IV, dark red-brown, granulose, remainder of legs II–IV dark red-brown to black; tibia I ventral spination 3–3. Pedipalp tibia with two spines on lower prolateral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430CCE4C65BFF73F8C7" box="[159,218,1842,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E); RTA small, pointed, continuing as thin lateral sclerotized ridge projecting from middle of tibia, with cluster of stout setae on ridge forming a sharp, pointed setal projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430CF2FC63CFC26F8E2" box="[852,911,1877,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F); genital bulb globose, extending as a thick neck ending in a sharp, twisted, sclerotized embolus that is screw-like in appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC452430C853C611FBCDF801" box="[1064,1124,1912,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A36FCEC462433CCECC67FFBC8F839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" targetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC462433CCECC67FFBC8F839" blockId="2.[151,1436,1814,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC462433CCECC67FFEB3F8A3" bold="true" box="[151,282,1814,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC462433CD59C67FFE4EF8A3" box="[290,487,1814,1837]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Sphecotypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC462433CD59C67FFE4EF8A3" box="[290,487,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">Sphecotypus niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D–F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC472432CCBCC1F1FC82FE4A" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,1388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432CCBCC1F1FEDCFF21" bold="true" box="[199,373,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on one male specimen: Body length 13.55. Carapace length 7.20, width 2.25; carapace index 31; cephalic width 2.00; sternum length 4.10, width 1.10; sternum index 26. Pedicel length 1.45, width 0.55. Abdomen length 5.20, width 2.20; abdominal index 42; anterior abdominal lobe length 1.85, width 1.85; posterior abdominal lobe length 3.35, width 2.20. Dorsal sclerite length 4.75, width 2.20. Epigastric sclerite length 1.90, width 1.75. Ventral sclerite length 2.15, width 0.90. Inframamillary sclerite length 0.75, width 1.20. Eyes: AME 0.21; ALE 0.15; PME 0.15; PLE 0.15; AME–AME 0.10; AME–ALE 0.10; ALE–ALE 1.00; ALE–PLE 0.50; PME–PME 0.30; PME–PLE 0.55; PLE–PLE 1.70. Leg formula: IV, I, II, III; Leg I, 12.75 (1.20, 0.40, 2.95, 0.80, 3.10, 2.50, 1.80); Leg II, 10.95 (1.10, 0.40, 2.75, 1.00, 2.30, 2.20, 1.20); Leg III, 10.80 (1.35, 0.35, 2.70, 1.00, 2.10, 2.20, 1.10); Leg IV, 15.15 (1.50, 0.40, 4.20, 1.00, 3.20, 3.55, 1.30); Pedipalp, 3.95 (0.30, 1.15, 0.55, 0.70, 1.25).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC472432CCBCC0B9FEC9FDFF" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,1388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432CCBCC0B9FE8AFE69" bold="true" box="[199,291,464,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
body, color, shape, form as in male (Total body length 14.80); dorsal sclerite restricted to anterior abdominal lobe; ventral sclerite absent. Pedipalp dark red-brown to black, smooth, setose, terminating in single smooth tarsal claw. Tibia I ventral spination 3 – 3. Epigynum ventrally with two circular openings facing posteriorly; dorsally with spermathecae asymmetrical, medially contiguous, round, sac-like with short thick posterior necks pointing slightly lateral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E7AF1EC472432CC93C333FE8DFDFF" box="[232,292,602,625]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sphecotypus niger. A – C. Habitus male; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D – F. Left male pedipalp; D. Prolateral view; E. Ventral view; F. Retrolateral view; G. Male embolus; H, I. Female epigynum; H. Ventral view; I. Dorsal view, dissected and cleared. CCon—Carapace constriction, CR—cephalic region, DS—dorsal sclerite, Em—embolus, ES—epigastric sclerite, ImS—inframamillary sclerite, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SePr—setal projection, TAF—transverse abdominal folds, ThR—thoracic region, VS—ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230787/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
H, I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC472432CCBCC314FC29FC91" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,1388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432CCBCC314FED4FD1A" bold="true" box="[199,381,637,660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
A juvenile specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36226E4EC472432CEDCC314FCBDFD1A" box="[679,788,637,660]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
was examined that has an overall yellow-orange coloration with dorsal and ventral abdominal patterning of transverse dark bands. Legs are patterned with dark, lateral, longitudinal stripes, and black tarsi. The specimen is smaller (total body length = 4.80) but otherwise nearly identical in shape and form to adult specimens. Based on morphological similarities to adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC472432CFBFC38CFBBEFD72" box="[964,1047,741,764]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Sphecotypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432CFBFC38CFBBEFD72" box="[964,1047,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and a known adult specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36226E4EC472432CCECC261FEAEFC91" box="[151,263,776,799]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this specimen most likely represents an immature
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC472432CF5CC261FCD0FC91" box="[807,889,776,799]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Sphecotypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432CF5CC261FCD0FC91" box="[807,889,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F35FFEC472432CCBCC243FD0EFAE2" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC472432CCBCC243FE0DFC61" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,1388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
|
||
Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC472432CD76C243FECAFCCF" ID-CoL="6YXSD" box="[269,355,810,833]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Sphecotypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432CD76C243FECAFCCF" box="[269,355,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are believed to be batesian mimics using the large ponerine ant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC472432C843C243FF7FFCEA" ID-CoL="4BQYZ" authority="Fabricius, 1804" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432C843C243FA89FCCF" box="[1080,1312,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Pachycondyla villosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1804)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the model (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC472432CD01C224FDBDFCEA" author="Oliveira" box="[378,532,845,868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" refString="Oliveira, P. S. (1986) Ant-mimicry in some spiders from Brazil. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 111, 297 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1988. tb 00443. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Oliveira 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC472432CE5AC224FDF0FCEA" author="Oliveira" box="[545,601,845,868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" refString="Oliveira, P. S. (1988) Ant-mimicry in some Brazilian salticid and clubionid spiders (Araneae: Salticidae, Clubionidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 33, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC472432CE1DC224FCA8FCEA" author="Cushing" box="[614,769,845,868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" refString="Cushing, P. E. (1997) Myrmecomorphy and myrmecophily in spiders: a review. Florida Entomologist, 80, 165 - 193. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3495552" type="journal article" year="1997">Cushing 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The juvenile has morphological characters that also clearly mimic ants. It shares with the adults the same elongate and constricted carapace and abdomen. The observed patterning of abdominal stripes resembles the abdominal tergites on ants. Evidently, juveniles also mimic ants, but the smaller size and difference in color and pattern suggest a separate, distinct model from the adult, and, therefore, transformational mimicry (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC472432CC84C2B1FE31FC61" author="Mathew" box="[255,408,984,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" refString="Mathew, A. P. (1934) The life-history of the spider Myrmacrachne plataleoides. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 37, 369 - 374." type="journal article" year="1934">Mathew 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA6674EC472432CCBCC293FD0EFAE2" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,1388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
|
||
The mimicry of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC472432CD0CC293FE63FB9F" ID-CoL="6YXSD" box="[375,458,1018,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Sphecotypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432CD0CC293FE63FB9F" box="[375,458,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very convincing. When the first author collected the male from the wall of a building in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36226E4EC472432CCECC574FEADFBBA" box="[151,260,1053,1076]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
it was initially mistaken for a large ponerine ant. The pedipalps were held anteriorly against the chelicerae, giving the appearance of ant mandibles, and, while at rest, leg I was held forward and bent at the patellar joint above the carapace, giving the distinct geniculate appearance of ant antennae. The constriction between the cephalic and thoracic region gave the impression of a distinct and separate ant head and thorax. The observed specimen was behaviorally similar to ants, also, as it walked in an erratic fashion with legs I raised and with constant alternating movements similar to antennal movements in ants. Similar observations in the field have been made for this species by others (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC472432C939C5A3FF79FA8A" author="Oliveira" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" refString="Oliveira, P. S. (1988) Ant-mimicry in some Brazilian salticid and clubionid spiders (Araneae: Salticidae, Clubionidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 33, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1988">Oliveira 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). When frightened, however, the spider immediately abandoned the behavioral mimicry and utilized all legs for running. Similar behavior has also been observed in another species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC472432CFDAC479FB95FAA9" box="[929,1084,1296,1319]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castianeirinae">Castianeirinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC472432C832C479FE9BFAC7" ID-CoL="45BDZ" authority="Rubio & Arbinio, 2009" authorityName="Rubio & Arbinio" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iguazu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432C832C479FA9CFAA9" box="[1097,1333,1296,1319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Myrmecotypus iguazu</emphasis>
|
||
Rubio & Arbinio, 2009
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36226E4EC472432CD05C45BFE41FAC7" box="[382,488,1330,1353]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC472432CD82C45BFD6BFAC7" author="Rubio" box="[505,706,1330,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" refString="Rubio, G. D., Arbino, M. O. & Cushing, P. E. (2013) Ant mimicry in the spider Myrmecotypus iguazu (Araneae: Corinnidae), with notes about myrmecomorphy in spiders. Journal of Arachnology, 41, 395 - 399. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1636 / j 13 - 35.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Rubio
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432CE3DC45BFDD6FAC7" box="[582,639,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36226E4EC472432CE8CC45BFC92FAC7" box="[759,827,1330,1353]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC472432CF32C45BFC36FAC7" ID-CoL="6YXSD" box="[841,927,1330,1353]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Sphecotypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432CF32C45BFC36FAC7" box="[841,927,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was seen in close proximity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C751DF7EC472432C97DC45BFAC3FAC7" ID-CoL="4BQYZ" box="[1286,1386,1330,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901BA66EC472432C97DC45BFAC3FAC7" box="[1286,1386,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">P. villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, yet avoided direct contact with them (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE41B85EC472432CE79C43CFD32FAE2" author="Oliveira" box="[514,667,1365,1388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" refString="Oliveira, P. S. (1988) Ant-mimicry in some Brazilian salticid and clubionid spiders (Araneae: Salticidae, Clubionidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 33, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1988">Oliveira 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |