treatments-xml/data/03/91/CA/0391CA1EDC76FFB9FCF6FAACFE3BA6BC.xml

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<mods:title>A Revision of the Solanum asterophorum Species Group (subg. Leptostemonum)</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gouvêa, Yuri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Botˆanica, Instituto de Ciˆencias Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antˆonio Carlos, 6627, 31270 - 901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gouvea.yf@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Stehmann, João</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Botˆanica, Instituto de Ciˆencias Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antˆonio Carlos, 6627, 31270 - 901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Systematic Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2019-03-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number>44</mods:number>
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2. 
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<taxonomicName authority="Gouvea" authorityName="Gouvea" box="[858,1152,1314,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="igniferum">SOLANUM IGNIFERUM Gouvea</taxonomicName>
ˆ&amp; 
<bibCitation author="Stehmann" page="121" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" score="9.729594737742866" volume="288" year="2016">
Stehmann, 
<bibCitation journal="Phytotaxa" page="121" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" score="9.729594737742866" volume="288" year="2016">Phytotaxa 288: 121. 2016</bibCitation>
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. 
<figureCitation box="[995,1086,1343,1365]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[163,194,1065,1082]" captionTargetBox="[141,1470,161,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-340@4.[140,1471,159,1046]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 3. Photo of type collection of Solanum igniferum (Y.F. Gouvˆea &amp; J.R. Stehmann 164, BHCB). A. Habit; note the orange indumentum completely covering the stems, the forked branching typical of the group, and the plagiotropic branches unique to S. igniferum. B. Young inflorescence; note the pedicels straight or nearly so, with the buds erect to horizontally oriented. C. Mature inflorescence. D. Fruits." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338775/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Figure 3</figureCitation>
, A–G
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.
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698645304" collectingDate="2015-04-27" collectionCode="BHCB" collectorName="Y. F. Gouvˆea &amp; J. R. Stehmann" country="Brazil" elevation="979" location="Mun. S ~ ao Bento de Urania" municipality="Esp'irito Santo" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" specimenCode="BHCB026909, BHCB026910" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Type: 
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. 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1315,1470,1343,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Esp´ırito Santo</collectingMunicipality>
: 
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ˆ, 
<locationDeviation pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Estrada que liga a rodovia BR-262 a S~ao Bento de Urania ˆ, borda de Floresta Ombrófila Densa secundária, beira de estrada</locationDeviation>
, 
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20°27
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10 
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ʺS
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, 
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40°54
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16 
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ʺW
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, 
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<elevation box="[1015,1078,1460,1482]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.79" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" unit="m" value="979.0">979 m</elevation>
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, 
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(fl, fr), 
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<collectorName box="[1292,1411,1460,1482]" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">Y.F. Gouvˆea</collectorName>
&amp; 
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164
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(
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: BHCB 2 sheets [
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, 
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]!;
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<typeStatus box="[1042,1131,1519,1541]" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">isotypes</typeStatus>
: [
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, 
<collectionCode box="[1200,1235,1518,1541]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[830,1473,1563,1994]" lastBlockId="17.[850,1494,160,1994]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="16" pageNumber="226">
Shrubs up to 
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, the branches spreading; young stems terete, densely stellate-tomentose; the trichomes orangecolored to ferruginous, porrect, short- to long-stalked, the long ones less frequent, the stalks 
<quantity box="[1203,1338,1650,1672]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="0.215" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.4 mm</quantity>
long, multiseriate, 2–4 cells wide, the rays (4–)6–8(–10), 1-celled, unequal in length, the midpoints 1-celled, poorly developed, up to ¼ of size of the rays, oblique; moderately to sparsely armed, the prickles 
<quantity box="[922,1046,1767,1789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="3.15" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–4.5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity box="[1119,1207,1767,1789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
wide at base, recurved, flattened, stramineous at base becoming ferruginous towards the apex, with stellate trichomes like those of the stems and some small, subsessile, glandular trichomes at base, these often drying dark; bark of older stems glabrescent to moderately stellate-tomentose, dark green to dark brown. Sympodial units difoliate, geminate, the leaves of a pair anisophyllous. Leaves lobed, repand in large-leaved plants; the major leaves 14–22(–30) cm long, 8–17(–23) cm wide, ovate to obovate; base cuneate to subcordate, generally asymmetric; margins shallowly to deeply lobed, the lobes deltate, to 
<quantity box="[638,709,218,240]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
long, to 
<quantity box="[159,225,247,269]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="6.5">6.5 cm</quantity>
at base, acuminate to roundish apically, (1–)2–8 on each side; apex acute to obtuse; primary veins 6–9 pairs; minor leaves 
<quantity box="[230,315,306,328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="9.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="7.0">7–12 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity box="[380,471,306,328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="5.75" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="4.0">4–7.5 cm</quantity>
wide, elliptic to nearly circular; base acute to rounded, generally symmetric; margins entire to shallowly lobed, the lobes deltate, 0–3 on each side, to 
<quantity box="[751,802,364,386]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long, to 
<quantity box="[250,319,393,415]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
wide at base; apex acute to obtuse-rounded; primary veins 5–6 pairs; major and minor leaves all membranaceous to chartaceous, discolorous, drying green to dark brown with the indumentum giving a superficial yellowish orange-colored appearance on the adaxial surface, and grayish-green to yellowish-green on the abaxial surface; the adaxial surface densely stellate-tomentose, the epidermis always visible, the trichomes porrect to antrorse, sessile to longstalked, the stalks to 
<quantity box="[404,488,627,649]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long, multiseriate, 3–4 cells wide, the rays (3–)4–8, 1-celled, unequal in length, the midpoints 1-celled, from ¾ to the same length as the rays, usually straight; forked, sessile to short-stalked trichomes rarely present; the longer trichomes more densely distributed along the midrib and primary veins, these orange-colored to ferruginous, contrasting with the shorter, hyaline to stramineous ones; the abaxial surface densely stellate-tomentose, the epidermis always visible, the trichomes like those of the leaf adaxial surface, but with stalks to 
<quantity box="[537,631,890,912]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
long, and midpoints up to ¾ of size of the rays, the longer, usually ferruginous to orange-colored trichomes more densely distributed along the midrib and primary veins, less frequent than on the adaxial surface, these contrasting with the most frequent shorter, hyaline to stramineous ones; unarmed to moderately armed along the midrib and the primary veins on both surfaces, the prickles straight, flattened, 
<quantity box="[615,730,1095,1117]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="1.0">1–7.5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity box="[159,278,1124,1146]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
wide at base, 0–25 above and 0–10 beneath; petiole of major leaves 
<quantity box="[343,442,1153,1175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.0">2–4.5 cm</quantity>
, densely stellate-tomentose with stellate trichomes like those of the stems, the prickles 0–5, straight; petiole of minor leaves 
<quantity box="[518,615,1212,1234]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.0">1–2.8 cm</quantity>
, densely stellatetomentose with stellate trichomes like those of the stems, the prickles 0–4; leaves of juvenile plants larger, more densely armed and more lobed, becoming smaller, less prickly with fewer lobes in older plants. Inflorescence a reduced monochasial cyme, 
<quantity box="[310,426,1358,1380]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.15" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="14.25" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–27 mm</quantity>
long, unbranched, leaf-opposed or nearly so, with (4–)7–15(–19) flowers, 1(–2) flowers open at a time; inflorescence axis (peduncle plus rachis) densely stellatetomentose with stellate trichomes like those of the stems, unarmed; peduncle nearly obsolete to 
<quantity box="[595,662,1475,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
long; rachis 
<quantity box="[159,283,1504,1526]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.15" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="10.75" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–20 mm</quantity>
; pedicel insertion points more widely spaced proximally, 
<quantity box="[284,384,1533,1555]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="0.0">0–3.8 mm</quantity>
apart, usually not overlapping, if so only the more distal ones; pedicels straight or nearly so, with the flower buds erect to spreading before anthesis, 
<quantity box="[654,750,1592,1614]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="9.0">9–16 mm</quantity>
long and straight at anthesis, sometimes geniculate distally, articulated at base, unarmed, densely stellate-tomentose, the trichomes all ferruginous to orange-colored or mixed with hyaline to stramineous trichomes, porrect, short- to longstalked, the stalks 
<quantity box="[363,499,1738,1760]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.22" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.04">0.04–0.4 mm</quantity>
long, multiseriate, 2–3 cells wide, the rays (6–)8(–11), 1-celled, unequal in length, the midpoints 1-celled, poorly developed, up to ½ of size of the rays. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous, basal flowers longstyled and hermaphroditic, short-styled and functionally male flowers produced distally in the inflorescence (see Sexual Expression and Inflorescence). Calyx tube obconic, 
<quantity box="[715,802,1913,1935]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
long, with the midrib of the calyx lobes more or less prominent abaxially (externally), from the calyx base towards the lobe apices, densely stellate-tomentose with trichomes like those of the pedicels, prickles 0–10; calyx lobes narrowly oblong, elliptic, or lanceolate, 2.5–7(–9) mm long, often unequal in length, 1.2–2.5(–2.8) mm wide, the apices acuminate to rounded. Corolla 
<quantity box="[1046,1141,277,299]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="3.4" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.0">3–3.8 cm</quantity>
in diameter, white to purplishwhite, stellate, with well-developed and wavy interpetalar tissue, lobed for 1/3 to 3/5 of its length, the lobes 
<quantity box="[1362,1493,335,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="6.5">6.5–10.5 mm</quantity>
length, 
<quantity box="[930,1046,364,386]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.76" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="10.8" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="7.6">7.6–14 mm</quantity>
wide, rounded to deltate, apiculate at the apex, densely stellate-tomentose along the whole length abaxially, the trichomes usually ferruginous, porrect to multiangulate, sessile to short-stalked, multiseriate, 2–4 cells wide, the rays up to 12, tortuous, usually forming a crab-like shape rather than a circle, the midpoints 1-celled, ½ to the same length of the rays, the adaxial surface densely stellatetomentose at the apex with trichomes like those of the abaxial surface, becoming gradually less dense towards the base, the basal half glabrous or nearly so, the lobe tips usually cucullate and reflexed at anthesis. Stamens equal; filament tube 
<quantity box="[903,1024,686,708]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.3 mm</quantity>
long; free portion of the filaments 
<quantity box="[1391,1493,686,708]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.0">1–1.3 mm</quantity>
long; anthers 
<quantity box="[993,1126,715,737]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.649999999999999" metricValueMax="10.7" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="8.649999999999999" valueMax="10.7" valueMin="6.6">6.6–10.7 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity box="[1191,1311,715,737]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.4 mm</quantity>
wide, lanceolate, sagittate at base, narrowed towards the apex, dehiscing by apical pores, connivent. Ovary short-cylindrical, convex at the apex, with some glandular trichomes; style of long styled flowers 
<quantity box="[939,1087,832,854]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.395" metricValueMax="1.43" metricValueMin="1.3599999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="13.95" valueMax="14.3" valueMin="13.6">13.6–14.3 mm</quantity>
long, white, cylindrical, often gently curved distally, stellate-tomentose at base, in short-styled flowers the style 
<quantity box="[1037,1142,890,912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="8.2" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.4">7.4–9 mm</quantity>
long, straight; stigma 
<quantity box="[1388,1493,890,912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.0">1–1.3 mm</quantity>
long, often bilobed at the apex, green, the surface papillose. Fruit a broadly depressed ovate to spherical berry, 
<quantity box="[1380,1493,949,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.135" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="11.35" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="9.7">9.7–13 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity box="[911,1054,978,1000]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="13.4" valueMax="14.5" valueMin="12.3">12.3–14.5 mm</quantity>
wide, the pericarp smooth, glabrous, the exposed portion white and the portion covered by the calyx green to pale green at maturity; fruiting pedicels 
<quantity box="[1347,1436,1036,1058]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.0">2–2.4 cm</quantity>
long, unarmed; fruiting calyx accrescent, completely covering the earlier stages of development of the fruit and ½–¾ of the mature fruit, the base rounded, the lobes 
<quantity box="[1207,1321,1124,1146]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="6.75" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–10 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity box="[1390,1493,1124,1146]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="6.8" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.6">5.6–8 mm</quantity>
wide at the base. Seeds ca. 40–50 per berry, 
<quantity box="[1314,1433,1153,1175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity box="[850,975,1183,1205]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.4 mm</quantity>
wide, flattened, reniform, stramineous to pale brown. Chromosome number: not known. 
<figureCitation box="[1297,1393,1212,1234]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[163,194,1065,1082]" captionTargetBox="[141,1470,161,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-340@4.[140,1471,159,1046]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 3. Photo of type collection of Solanum igniferum (Y.F. Gouvˆea &amp; J.R. Stehmann 164, BHCB). A. Habit; note the orange indumentum completely covering the stems, the forked branching typical of the group, and the plagiotropic branches unique to S. igniferum. B. Young inflorescence; note the pedicels straight or nearly so, with the buds erect to horizontally oriented. C. Mature inflorescence. D. Fruits." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338775/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Figures 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1405,1431,1212,1233]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[163,194,1714,1731]" captionTargetBox="[283,1325,162,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-331@14.[282,1329,159,1695]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 12. Scan of holotype of Solanum igniferum (Y.F. Gouvˆea &amp; J.R. Stehmann 164, BHCB [BHCB026909], sheet one)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338793/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">12</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="17.[850,1494,160,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis box="[875,1351,1241,1263]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,1141,1241,1263]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Habitat and Distribution</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName box="[1166,1351,1241,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="igniferum">Solanum igniferum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is endemic to southern Esp´ırito Santo State, 
<collectingCountry box="[1163,1224,1270,1292]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation box="[1237,1296,1270,1292]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[183,214,1711,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-308@11.[263,1390,159,1692]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 9. Distribution of Solanum igniferum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338787/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). It grows in damp soil with indirect light, at the edge and in openings of wet forest fragments, these sometimes associated with granitic outcrops; from 
<quantity box="[1014,1150,1358,1379]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="690.0" valueMax="980.0" valueMin="400.0">400 to 980 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[850,1494,160,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,987,1387,1409]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Phenology</emphasis>
—Flowering plants have been collected between November and June, with the flowering peak from December to April; fruiting plants have been collected from February to June.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="17.[850,1494,160,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,1223,1503,1525]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Preliminary Conservation Status</emphasis>
—The conservation status of 
<taxonomicName box="[880,1004,1533,1555]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="igniferum">
<emphasis box="[880,1004,1533,1555]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">S. igniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered endangered (
<collectionCode box="[1303,1339,1533,1555]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">EN</collectionCode>
) based on the small extent of occurrence (EOO, 
<quantity box="[1195,1270,1562,1584]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="km" value="145.0">145 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[1270,1279,1557,1571]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">2</superScript>
), the very small area of occurrence (AOO, 
<quantity box="[1066,1128,1592,1614]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[1128,1137,1587,1601]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">2</superScript>
) and the fact that there is no record of this species from within protected areas (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" box="[1316,1439,1623,1645]" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" refId="ref21646" refString="IUCN. 2016. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 12. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN." title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria" type="book" year="2016">IUCN 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="17.[850,1494,160,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,991,1651,1673]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Etymology</emphasis>
—The specific epithet “ 
<taxonomicName box="[1251,1346,1652,1673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="igniferum">
<emphasis box="[1251,1346,1652,1673]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">igniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ʺ refers to its distinctive fire-colored indumentum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="17.[850,1494,160,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[874,1264,1708,1726]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[874,1185,1708,1725]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Additional Specimens Examined</emphasis>
— 
<collectingCountry box="[1205,1260,1708,1725]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
— 
<collectingRegion box="[1284,1423,1709,1726]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">ESPÍRITO SANTO</collectingRegion>
: Mun. Alfredo Chaves, S~ao Bento de Urania ˆ, 
<quantity box="[1183,1236,1733,1750]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
, 
<date box="[1244,1342,1732,1750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" value="1995-01-14">14 Jan 1995</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
Hatschbach &amp; 
<taxonomicName box="[850,890,1758,1775]" class="Aves" family="Leiothrichidae" genus="Silva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Silva</taxonomicName>
61483
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[960,1027,1758,1775]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15526" name="CEPEC, CEPLAC" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">CEPEC</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[1037,1088,1758,1774]" country="0" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">MBM</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[1099,1131,1757,1775]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
); Mun. At´ılio Vivacqua, estrada de terra para a comunidade de Moitao~ do Sul, 21°00
<superScript attach="none" box="[1221,1225,1782,1792]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">,</superScript>
11 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1246,1253,1783,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">̎</emphasis>
ʺS, 41°12
<superScript attach="none" box="[1326,1330,1782,1792]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">,</superScript>
15 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1352,1359,1783,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">̎</emphasis>
ʺW, 
<quantity box="[1394,1446,1784,1801]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.61" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="461.0">461 m</quantity>
, 
<date pageId="17" pageNumber="227" value="2015-05">May 2015</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[899,1068,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Gouvea ˆ&amp; Falcao~ 190</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1077,1135,1808,1826]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15456" name="Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">BHCB</collectionCode>
); 21°00
<superScript attach="none" box="[1196,1200,1807,1817]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">,</superScript>
08 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1221,1228,1808,1826]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">̎</emphasis>
ʺS, 41°12
<superScript attach="none" box="[1302,1306,1807,1817]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">,</superScript>
15 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1327,1334,1808,1826]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">̎</emphasis>
ʺW, 
<quantity box="[1370,1423,1809,1826]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="435.0">435 m</quantity>
, 
<date pageId="17" pageNumber="227" value="2012-06-05">05 June 2012</date>
(fl, fr), 
<emphasis box="[966,1183,1835,1852]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">L.L. Giacomin et al. 1845</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1198,1255,1835,1852]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15456" name="Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">BHCB</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[1267,1299,1835,1851]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[1310,1338,1834,1852]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
); Mun. Marechal Floriano, Pedra Azul, 
<date box="[1046,1158,1860,1878]" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" value="1999-05-16">16 May 1999</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis box="[1201,1395,1860,1877]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Hatschbach et al. 69092</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1407,1464,1861,1878]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15456" name="Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">BHCB</collectionCode>
, C, 
<collectionCode box="[850,903,1885,1903]" country="0" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">MBM</collectionCode>
). Locality not indicated: 
<emphasis box="[1122,1210,1886,1903]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Sellow s.n.</emphasis>
, (BR, [BR0000008366290]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="17.[850,1494,160,1994]" lastBlockId="18.[139,782,160,655]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis box="[875,1150,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,937,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">Notes</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName box="[962,1150,1911,1933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="igniferum">Solanum igniferum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is unique in the 
<taxonomicName box="[1334,1493,1911,1933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="17" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asterophorum">
<emphasis box="[1334,1493,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="227">S. asterophorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group due to the notable orange to ferruginous indumentum of its adaxial leaf surfaces, midrib of both leaf sides, calyces, pedicels, inflorescence axis, and young stems, its plagiotropic branches sprawling horizontally, and the straight or nearly straight pedicels with erect to horizontally oriented buds (see 
<figureCitation box="[242,300,249,271]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[163,194,1065,1082]" captionTargetBox="[141,1470,161,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-340@4.[140,1471,159,1046]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 3. Photo of type collection of Solanum igniferum (Y.F. Gouvˆea &amp; J.R. Stehmann 164, BHCB). A. Habit; note the orange indumentum completely covering the stems, the forked branching typical of the group, and the plagiotropic branches unique to S. igniferum. B. Young inflorescence; note the pedicels straight or nearly so, with the buds erect to horizontally oriented. C. Mature inflorescence. D. Fruits." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338775/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName box="[318,505,249,270]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="igniferum">
<emphasis box="[318,505,249,270]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Solanum igniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName box="[619,775,249,270]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asterophorum">
<emphasis box="[619,775,249,270]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">S. asterophorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the indumentum of 
<taxonomicName box="[384,539,278,300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asterophorum">
<emphasis box="[384,539,278,300]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">S. asterophorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is hyaline, yellowish or somewhat brown, the branches are erect and the pedicels curved downward with the buds pointing downwards. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="igniferum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Solanum igniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles 
<taxonomicName box="[471,605,367,389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piluliferum">
<emphasis box="[471,605,367,389]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">S. piluliferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its somewhat similar colored indumentum, but the cupuliform calyx and entire leaves of 
<taxonomicName box="[316,453,426,448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piluliferum">
<emphasis box="[316,453,426,448]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">S. piluliferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
readily distinguish it from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="igniferum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">S. igniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[139,782,160,655]" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">
The first specimen corresponding to 
<taxonomicName box="[561,684,485,507]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="igniferum">
<emphasis box="[561,684,485,507]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">S. igniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected by 
<emphasis box="[242,321,515,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">Sellow s</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[327,340,515,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">n</emphasis>
. (BR [BR0000008366290]) with no locality indicated and determined as 
<emphasis box="[436,597,544,566]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName box="[436,594,544,566]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asterophorum">S. asterophorum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This material was suggested to be a 
<typeStatus box="[329,412,574,595]" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">syntype</typeStatus>
de 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sendtn. (Sendtner" authorityYear="1846" box="[452,782,574,596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="asterophorum" variety="tomentosum">
<emphasis box="[452,609,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">S. asterophorum</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis box="[664,782,575,596]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">tomentosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Nee, but no evidence exists to recognize it as such (see comments under 
<taxonomicName box="[325,482,633,654]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="18" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asterophorum">
<emphasis box="[325,482,633,654]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="228">S. asterophorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>