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<document id="B8C5F24A37CCE6A3FDE41B4698B0EA83" ID-DOI="10.24349/acarologia/20184258" ID-ISSN="2107-7207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5393919" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630320053803" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Norton, Roy A. &amp; Franklin, Elizabeth" docDate="2018" docId="0387B575FFF1FFF26495FB13FD54FD4D" docLanguage="en" docName="Acarologia.2018.58.3.557-627.pdf" docOrigin="Acarologia 58 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184258" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0387F17C4AF9F8D6336E46CC5E5664D0.6:Acarologia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="0387F17C4AF9F8D6336E46CC5E5664D0" docStyleName="Acarologia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Ameronothridae Norton &amp; Franklin 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="603" masterDocId="FFBECD0DFFDEFFC2657EFFBDFF80FC6D" masterDocTitle="Paraquanothrus n. gen. from freshwater rock pools in the USA, with new diagnoses of Aquanothrus, Aquanothrinae, and Ameronothridae (Acari, Oribatida)" masterLastPageNumber="627" masterPageNumber="557" pageNumber="603" updateTime="1699226050370" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D739CF809F109868FA1377925FFF0A97">Paraquanothrus n. gen. from freshwater rock pools in the USA, with new diagnoses of Aquanothrus, Aquanothrinae, and Ameronothridae (Acari, Oribatida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1A86E316DAAA67AD89CAC622E143EF52">Norton, Roy A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="515913BF4336E719105CB6FD3A2AEBFB">State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6EA21FA0E19E00988B98068B2CE915AB">Franklin, Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3E3284EC56D1709344D593B96260770B">National Institute for Amazonian Research, Biodiversity Coordination, CEP 69067 - 375 Manaus, &amp; State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E58AF2E0716852CE481ADC5EDC522F9E">Acarologia</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D1EC0DB1C8577EEE012DEF30D2826F82">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F2835BEBBEF4E718746E0AD0C1987636">2018-06-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5B6534D7AAA76CE14D79E58F5AAAFBAE">58</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B36D20FF097BFC4C48F34DE6C9765B02" type="DOI">10.24349/acarologia/20184258</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C33457E8FFF1FFED6495FB13FC54F8A7" box="[491,980,1198,1226]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B910463FFF1FFED6495FB13FC54F8A7" blockId="47.[491,980,1198,1226]" box="[491,980,1198,1226]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">
<heading id="D0D9B30FFFF1FFED6495FB13FC54F8A7" box="[491,980,1198,1226]" fontSize="13" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED6495FB13FC54F8A7" bold="true" box="[491,980,1198,1226]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">
What constitutes
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED679DFB13FC46F8A7" ID-CoL="69Q" authorityName="Norton &amp; Franklin" authorityYear="2018" box="[739,966,1198,1226]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ameronothridae</taxonomicName>
?
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<subSubSection id="C33457E8FFF1FFF26495FB58FD54FD4D" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="604" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B910463FFF1FFED6495FB58FBC0FA15" blockId="47.[491,1541,1252,2036]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">
In this confused context, we follow
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF7992FFF1FFED6606FB59FB95F891" author="Pfingstl T." box="[888,1045,1252,1276]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" pagination="693 - 721" refId="ref47846" refString="Pfingstl T. 2017. The marine-associated lifestyle of ameronothroid mites (Acari, Oribatida) and its evolutionary origin: a review. Acarologia 57: 693 - 721." type="journal article" year="2017">Pfingstl (2017)</bibRefCitation>
in recognizing the separate family
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED60DBFB58FDDDF972" class="Arachnida" family="Podacaridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Podacaridae</taxonomicName>
(diagnosed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF7992FFF1FFED6669FABAFC41F972" author="Grandjean F." box="[791,961,1287,1311]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" pagination="109 - 150" refId="ref45630" refString="Grandjean F. 1955. Sur un Acarien des iles Kerguelen. Podacarus Auberti (Oribate). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (n. s), serie A, Zoologie, 8: 109 - 150." type="journal article" year="1955">Grandjean 1955</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF7992FFF1FFED6682FABAFB20F972" author="Wallwork J. A." box="[1020,1184,1287,1311]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" pagination="387 - 399" refId="ref49295" refString="Wallwork J. A. 1964. A revision of the family Podacaridae Grandj. (Acari: Oribatei). Acarologia, 6: 387 - 399." type="journal article" year="1964">Wallwork 1964</bibRefCitation>
), thereby leaving
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED6040FABAFA47F972" authorityName="Engelbrecht" authorityYear="1975" box="[1342,1479,1287,1311]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Aquanothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED6040FABAFA47F972" box="[1342,1479,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Aquanothrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED6495FA94FCC6F92C" box="[491,838,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED6495FA94FD2DF92C" authorityName="Norton &amp; Franklin" authorityYear="2018" box="[491,685,1321,1345]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Paraquanothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraquanothrus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED67C7FA94FCC6F92C" baseAuthorityName="Schubart" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[697,838,1321,1345]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ameronothrus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED660DFA94FC78F92C" box="[883,1016,1321,1345]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Chudalupia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED660DFA94FC78F92C" box="[883,1016,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Chudalupia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED616AFA94FB4EF92C" authorityName="Norton &amp; Franklin" authorityYear="2018" box="[1044,1230,1321,1345]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ameronothridae</taxonomicName>
. A new diagnosis of this family concept—which is supported largely by the shared regression of pedotecta—is offered below. An excellent diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED6628FAD3FC6DF9EB" baseAuthorityName="Schubart" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[854,1005,1390,1414]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Ameronothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED6628FAD3FC6DF9EB" box="[854,1005,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Ameronothrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF7992FFF1FFED61D2FAD3FAD1F9EB" author="Schubart H." box="[1196,1361,1390,1414]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" pagination="23 - 91" refId="ref48512" refString="Schubart H. 1975. Morphologische Grundlagen fur die Klarung der Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen innerhalb der Milbenfamilie Ameronothridae (Acari). Zoologica, 123: 23 - 91." type="journal article" year="1975">Schubart (1975)</bibRefCitation>
and a brief one for
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED673EFA2CFD45F9C4" box="[576,709,1425,1449]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Chudalupia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED673EFA2CFD45F9C4" box="[576,709,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Chudalupia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF7992FFF1FFED679FFA2CFC0FF9C4" author="Wallwork J. A." box="[737,911,1425,1449]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" pagination="333 - 339" refId="ref49385" refString="Wallwork J. A. 1981. A new aquatic oribatid mite from Western Australia (Acari: Cryptostigmata: Ameronothridae). Acarologia, 22: 333 - 339." type="journal article" year="1981">Wallwork (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, but it should be corrected and emended by material in many of the following Remarks. In some respects,
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED614FFA0EFB36F9A6" box="[1073,1206,1459,1483]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Chudalupia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED614FFA0EFB36F9A6" box="[1073,1206,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Chudalupia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems the most similar of these genera to
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED67EDFA6BFCB9F983" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1910" box="[659,825,1494,1518]" class="Arachnida" family="Cymbaeremaeidae" genus="Scapheremaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED67EDFA6BFCB9F983" box="[659,825,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Scapheremaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: it has the deeply black, globular bothridial seta characteristic of most
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED6739FA44FD6DFA7C" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1910" box="[583,749,1529,1553]" class="Arachnida" family="Cymbaeremaeidae" genus="Scapheremaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED6739FA44FD6DFA7C" box="[583,749,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Scapheremaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and a strong tibia I apophysis, typical of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED61ACFA44FA21FA7C" box="[1234,1441,1529,1553]" class="Arachnida" family="Cymbaeremaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cymbaeremaeidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED6495F9A6FD16FA5E" authorityName="Grandjean" authorityYear="1954" box="[491,662,1563,1587]" class="Arachnida" family="Scutoverticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutoverticidae</taxonomicName>
but not found in other
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED66E5F9A6FBD5FA5E" authorityName="Norton &amp; Franklin" authorityYear="2018" box="[923,1109,1563,1587]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ameronothridae</taxonomicName>
. It has the
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED61CDF9A1FB5FFA5E" box="[1203,1247,1564,1587]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Paraquanothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acm">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED61CDF9A1FB5FFA5E" box="[1203,1247,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">acm</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-tubercle and apobasic setae but lacks the ascleritic notogastral band and the various leg setal regressions that link
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED6495F9DDFD17FA15" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1910" box="[491,663,1632,1656]" class="Arachnida" family="Cymbaeremaeidae" genus="Scapheremaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED6495F9DDFD17FA15" box="[491,663,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Scapheremaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED67B0F9DDFCDDFA15" authorityName="Engelbrecht" authorityYear="1975" box="[718,861,1632,1656]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Aquanothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED67B0F9DDFCDDFA15" box="[718,861,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Aquanothrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED66F5F9DDFBB9FA15" authorityName="Norton &amp; Franklin" authorityYear="2018" box="[907,1081,1632,1656]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Paraquanothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED66F5F9DDFBB9FA15" box="[907,1081,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Paraquanothrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B910463FFF1FFED676DF93EFDE4FBC2" blockId="47.[491,1541,1252,2036]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">
We also resurrect
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF7992FFF1FFED67B2F93EFC28FAF6" author="Engelbrecht C. M." box="[716,936,1667,1691]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" pagination="53 - 88" refId="ref44476" refString="Engelbrecht C. M. 1975. New ameronothroid (Oribatei: Acari) taxa from the Republic of South Africa and the Islands Gough and Marion. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 3: 53 - 88." type="journal article" year="1975">Engelbrecht’s (1975)</bibRefCitation>
family-group, originally proposed as
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED603AF93EFA6CFAF6" authorityName="Engelbrecht" authorityYear="1975" box="[1348,1516,1667,1691]" class="Arachnida" family="Aquanothridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aquanothridae</taxonomicName>
, but recognize it as the ameronothrid subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED617FF918FB23FAD0" box="[1025,1187,1701,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aquanothrinae">Aquanothrinae</taxonomicName>
, which includes
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED6041F918FA4EFAD0" authorityName="Engelbrecht" authorityYear="1975" box="[1343,1486,1701,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Aquanothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED6041F918FA4EFAD0" box="[1343,1486,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Aquanothrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED6767F975FD47FA8D" authorityName="Norton &amp; Franklin" authorityYear="2018" box="[537,711,1736,1760]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Paraquanothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED6767F975FD47FA8D" box="[537,711,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Paraquanothrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In part, its resurrection highlights a distinct clade within a family that is not otherwise well-supported. But it is justified also by new knowledge of diversity, including our discovery of two North American species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED6685F8B0FB31FB48" authorityName="Norton &amp; Franklin" authorityYear="2018" box="[1019,1201,1805,1829]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Paraquanothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED6685F8B0FB31FB48" box="[1019,1201,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Paraquanothrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and two unnamed African species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED6725F892FD64FB2A" authorityName="Engelbrecht" authorityYear="1975" box="[603,740,1839,1863]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Aquanothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED6725F892FD64FB2A" box="[603,740,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">Aquanothrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with probably others of each genus yet to be discovered. In a practical sense, recognition of the taxon will help prevent this small, but interesting group from being overlooked or subsumed when the evolution and systematics of ‘ameronothroid’ mites are discussed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B910463FFF1FFF2676DF807FD54FD4D" blockId="47.[491,1541,1252,2036]" lastBlockId="48.[491,1534,229,288]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="604" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF7992FFF1FFED676DF807FD70FBBF" author="Engelbrecht C. M." box="[531,752,1978,2002]" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" pagination="53 - 88" refId="ref44476" refString="Engelbrecht C. M. 1975. New ameronothroid (Oribatei: Acari) taxa from the Republic of South Africa and the Islands Gough and Marion. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 3: 53 - 88." type="journal article" year="1975">Engelbrecht’s (1975)</bibRefCitation>
diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED66F6F807FBADFBBF" authorityName="Engelbrecht" authorityYear="1975" box="[904,1069,1978,2002]" class="Arachnida" family="Aquanothridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aquanothridae</taxonomicName>
was short and based on only
<emphasis id="B95AD871FFF1FFED6030F807FA5EFBBF" box="[1358,1502,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="603">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7FE0FFF1FFED6030F807FA5BFBBF" authorityName="Engelbrecht" authorityYear="1975" box="[1358,1499,1978,2002]" class="Arachnida" family="Ameronothridae" genus="Aquanothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="603" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">A. montanus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the description of which had important errors and omissions, so we provide a new one for the subfamily. In both diagnoses, traits considered synapomorphies in the context of the respective taxon are underlined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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