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<document id="459FCED84C048BD62AEFCAB37145D4FF" ID-DOI="10.1080/0022293031000155395" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5250248" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629849994237" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Williams, Jason" docDate="2004" docId="537A7F7AFF9EFD31551B9B49706EFB2A" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.38.11.1339-1358.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 38 (11)" docSource="http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&amp;doi=10.1080/0022293031000155395&amp;magic=crossref||D404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Polydorella stolonifera" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1354" masterDocId="AF430702FF90FD21544F9F66742AFFD1" masterDocTitle="Reproduction and morphology of Polydorella (Polychaeta: Spionidae), including the description of a new species from the Philippines" masterLastPageNumber="1358" masterPageNumber="1339" pageNumber="1352" updateTime="1699120712116" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D1A067BACA4A29E421139454B1BCBF22">Reproduction and morphology of Polydorella (Polychaeta: Spionidae), including the description of a new species from the Philippines</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="8E0E6C3EE692D6E683D32290F2C242E2">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DA6809746D5647DA648B7FF7095574B7">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="537A7F7AFF9EFD31551B9B49706EFB2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:537A7F7AFF9EFD31551B9B49706EFB2A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/537A7F7AFF9EFD31551B9B49706EFB2A" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1354" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">
<subSubSection id="93C99DE7FF9EFD2F551B9B497788FB96" box="[340,930,1071,1095]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF9EFD2F551B9B497788FB96" blockId="14.[154,930,1071,1159]" box="[340,930,1071,1095]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">
<heading id="80247900FF9EFD2F551B9B497788FB96" box="[340,930,1071,1095]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="1CD3B5EFFF9EFD2F551B9B497788FB96" ID-CoL="4L66J" authority="(Blake and Kudenov, 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Blake and Kudenov" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[340,930,1071,1095]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF9EFD2F551B9B497679FB96" bold="true" box="[340,595,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">Polydorella stolonifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BF42B39DFF9EFD2F56299B4977B3FB96" author="BLAKE, J. A. &amp; KUDENOV, J. D." box="[614,921,1071,1095]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" pagination="171 - 280" refId="ref8375" refString="BLAKE, J. A. and KUDENOV, J. D., 1978, The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera, Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake and Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93C99DE7FF9EFD2F561F9B2976F4FBB6" box="[592,734,1103,1127]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" type="description">
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF9EFD2F561F9B2976F4FBB6" blockId="14.[154,930,1071,1159]" box="[592,734,1103,1127]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">
(
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF9EFD2F56179B297692FBB6" box="[600,696,1103,1127]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[159,175,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[162,1117,177,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-99@11.[159,1117,170,1083]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Polydorella dawydoffi (AMNH 4348) (A), (USNM 1008717) (B, D, F), (USNM 1008716) (C), (USNM 148722) (E) and P. stolonifera (NMV F42898) (G). (A) Dorsal view of specimen from the Philippines; (B) dorsal view of specimen from the Red Sea; extensive black pigmentation is indicated by grey shading; (C) lateral view showing 10 developing segments of stolon 1; (D) dorsal view of posterior end of stock and anterior end of stolon 1 of an individual containing sand grains (shaded structures) within intestine; (E) dorsolateral view of fifth segment spines; (F) hooded hook; (G) lateral view of dorsal (to left) and ventral (to right) major spines of segment 5. Scale: 100 mm (AD); 25 mm (E); 12.5 mm (F); 5 mm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250260/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">figures 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF9EFD2F56879B2976FFFBB6" box="[712,725,1103,1127]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[159,175,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-90@15.[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. Polydorella stolonifera (NMV F42898). (A) Lateral view of paratomic chain containing a developing stolon 1 (St1) and a newly developed segment 11 (11); (B) dorsolateral view of anterior end of single specimen containing 16 segments; note branchiae on segments 7 and 8. Scale: 250 mm (A); 100mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250264/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93C99DE7FF9EFD2F54D59B1777B1FB56" box="[154,923,1137,1159]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF9EFD2F54D59B1777B1FB56" blockId="14.[154,930,1071,1159]" box="[154,923,1137,1159]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">
<taxonomicName id="1CD3B5EFFF9EFD2F54D59B177685FB56" ID-CoL="4L66J" authority="(Blake and Kudenov, 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Blake and Kudenov" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[154,687,1137,1159]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF9EFD2F54D59B1775AAFB57" box="[154,384,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">Polydorella stolonifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BF42B39DFF9EFD2F55DF9B177682FB56" author="BLAKE, J. A. &amp; KUDENOV, J. D." box="[400,680,1137,1159]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" pagination="171 - 280" refId="ref8375" refString="BLAKE, J. A. and KUDENOV, J. D., 1978, The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera, Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake and Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: 269271, figure 50aj.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93C99DE7FF9EFD31548D9BCC706EFB2A" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1354" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF9EFD2F548D9BCC701EFAD3" blockId="14.[154,1110,1194,1282]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF9EFD2F548D9BCC758EFB13" box="[194,420,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="6BBBC431FF9EFD2F55FC9BCC701AFAD3" accessionNumber="F42898" collectingDate="1972-01-03" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" county="Twelve" elevation="5" location="Crawfish Rock" municipality="Westernport Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty id="320DB6E0FF9EFD2F55FC9BCC7629FB13" box="[435,515,1194,1218]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">Twelve</collectingCounty>
<typeStatus id="046870CEFF9EFD2F565D9BCC76AAFB13" box="[530,640,1194,1218]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from
<collectingCountry id="A3C48EFCFF9EFD2F56999BCC7769FB13" box="[726,835,1194,1218]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1917008EFF9EFD2F57199BCC779FFB13" box="[854,949,1194,1218]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">Victoria</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="3B085416FF9EFD2F57879BCC74E3FB33" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">Westernport Bay</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="DE0C98B7FF9EFD2F54909BAC75BCFB33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:537A7F7AFF9EFD31551B9B49706EFB2A:DE0C98B7FF9EFD2F54909BAC75BCFB33" box="[223,406,1226,1250]" country="Australia" county="Twelve" municipality="Westernport Bay" name="Crawfish Rock" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" stateProvince="Victoria">Crawfish Rock</location>
,
<quantity id="1C2B6389FF9EFD2F55E39BAC75FDFB33" box="[428,471,1226,1250]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" unit="m" value="5.0">
<elevation id="50FE295FFF9EFD2F55E39BAC75FDFB33" box="[428,471,1226,1250]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="AF6DE8ACFF9EFD2F55A39BAC7685FB33" box="[492,687,1226,1250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" value="1972-01-03">
<collectingDate id="BF291144FF9EFD2F55A39BAC7685FB33" box="[492,687,1226,1250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" value="1972-01-03">3 January 1972</collectingDate>
</date>
, from
<taxonomicName id="1CD3B5EFFF9EFD2F57419BAC74F2FAD3" authority="(Carter, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cordicata">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF9EFD2F57419BAC77C6FB33" box="[782,1004,1226,1250]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">Ancorina cordicata</emphasis>
(Carter, 1879)
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="BDC256A9FF9EFD2F54A59B8C7504FAD3" box="[234,302,1258,1282]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="C480538FFF9EFD2F55759B8C75BBFAD3" box="[314,401,1258,1282]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F42898" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352" type="EnaNcbi">F42898</accessionNumber>
, previously registered as G2898; two prepared for SEM)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF9EFD2F54D59A237533FA8C" blockId="14.[154,1111,1349,1732]" box="[154,281,1349,1373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF9EFD2F54D59A237533FA8C" box="[154,281,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF9EFD2F548D9A0376D3F9F0" blockId="14.[154,1111,1349,1732]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">
Largest single individual 3.8 mm long and 0.6 mm wide at segment 7; 16 segments, with endoparasitic copepod (see Remarks); single individuals with developing growth zone of stolon 1 and 16 segments 2.5 mm long and 0.4 mm wide at segment 7 (
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF9EFD2F55759AA1758CFA0E" box="[314,422,1479,1503]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[159,175,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-90@15.[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. Polydorella stolonifera (NMV F42898). (A) Lateral view of paratomic chain containing a developing stolon 1 (St1) and a newly developed segment 11 (11); (B) dorsolateral view of anterior end of single specimen containing 16 segments; note branchiae on segments 7 and 8. Scale: 250 mm (A); 100mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250264/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">figure 8A</figureCitation>
). Prostomium bifid; caruncle short, terminating at posterior margin of segment 1; occipital tentacle and eyes absent (
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF9EFD2F576C9A8E779AF9D1" box="[803,944,1512,1536]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[159,175,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-90@15.[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. Polydorella stolonifera (NMV F42898). (A) Lateral view of paratomic chain containing a developing stolon 1 (St1) and a newly developed segment 11 (11); (B) dorsolateral view of anterior end of single specimen containing 16 segments; note branchiae on segments 7 and 8. Scale: 250 mm (A); 100mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250264/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">figure 8A, B</figureCitation>
). Palps extend posteriorly for 812 segments. Pigmentation absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF9EFD2E548D994F7019F9CB" blockId="14.[154,1111,1349,1732]" lastBlockId="15.[159,1116,1504,1594]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1353" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">
Segment 1 with small notopodial lobe without notosetae; neuropodial lobe with two or three winged capillary neurosetae (
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF9EFD2F56E0992C776FF9B3" box="[687,837,1610,1634]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[159,175,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-90@15.[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. Polydorella stolonifera (NMV F42898). (A) Lateral view of paratomic chain containing a developing stolon 1 (St1) and a newly developed segment 11 (11); (B) dorsolateral view of anterior end of single specimen containing 16 segments; note branchiae on segments 7 and 8. Scale: 250 mm (A); 100mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250264/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1352">figure 8A, B</figureCitation>
). Unilimbate capillary notosetae of segments 24, 6 and subsequent segments in two rows. Unilimbate capillary neurosetae of segments 24, 6 and 7 arranged in two rows; up to eight bidentate hooded hooks begin on segment 8, not accompanied by capillaries (
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF9FFD2E54E89A867519FA29" box="[167,307,1504,1528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[159,175,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-90@15.[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. Polydorella stolonifera (NMV F42898). (A) Lateral view of paratomic chain containing a developing stolon 1 (St1) and a newly developed segment 11 (11); (B) dorsolateral view of anterior end of single specimen containing 16 segments; note branchiae on segments 7 and 8. Scale: 250 mm (A); 100mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250264/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353">figure 8A, B</figureCitation>
); hooks with approximately right angle between main fang and shaft, narrow angle between main fang and apical tooth, with constriction on shaft.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8FAC9EE4FF9FFD2E54D09A2F7755FA7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250264" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5250264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250264/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353" startId="15.[159,175,1353,1375]" targetBox="[230,1044,170,1314]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF9FFD2E54D09A2F7755FA7E" blockId="15.[159,1116,1353,1455]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353">
FIG. 8.
<taxonomicName id="1CD3B5EFFF9FFD2E54B69A2F75CDFA8F" baseAuthorityName="Blake and Kudenov" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[249,487,1353,1374]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF9FFD2E54B69A2F75CDFA8F" box="[249,487,1353,1374]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353">Polydorella stolonifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMV
<accessionNumber id="C480538FFF9FFD2E56029A2F76B7FA8E" box="[589,669,1353,1375]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F42898" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353" type="EnaNcbi">F42898</accessionNumber>
). (A) Lateral view of paratomic chain containing a developing stolon 1 (St1) and a newly developed segment 11 (11
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF9FFD2E50519A057009FAA8" box="[1054,1059,1379,1401]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353"></emphasis>
); (B) dorsolateral view of anterior end of single specimen containing 16 segments; note branchiae on segments 7 and 8. Scale: 250
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF9FFD2E56E59AFF769DFA7F" bold="true" box="[682,695,1433,1454]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353">m</emphasis>
m (A); 100
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF9FFD2E57619AFF7711FA7F" bold="true" box="[814,827,1433,1454]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353">m</emphasis>
m (B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF9FFD2E548899447076F9EB" blockId="15.[159,1116,1504,1594]" box="[199,1116,1570,1594]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353">Segment 5 slightly modified, about the same size as segments 4 and 6, with</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF9FFD2E54D0992377B1F912" blockId="15.[159,1116,1605,1731]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353">
posteroventral fascicle of bilimbate capillary neurosetae in two rows; notosetae absent. Two
<typeStatus id="046870CEFF9FFD2E557B99017545F9AE" box="[308,367,1639,1663]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353">types</typeStatus>
of major spines of segment
<quantity id="1C2B6389FF9FFD2E56FD990176F4F9AE" box="[690,734,1639,1663]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
approximately horizontal curved row; ventral row of three to six spines with expanded tips covered by fine bristles and a dorsal row of up to five simple acicular spines (
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF9FFD2E576E99CD77A4F912" box="[801,910,1707,1731]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[159,175,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[162,1117,177,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-99@11.[159,1117,170,1083]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Polydorella dawydoffi (AMNH 4348) (A), (USNM 1008717) (B, D, F), (USNM 1008716) (C), (USNM 148722) (E) and P. stolonifera (NMV F42898) (G). (A) Dorsal view of specimen from the Philippines; (B) dorsal view of specimen from the Red Sea; extensive black pigmentation is indicated by grey shading; (C) lateral view showing 10 developing segments of stolon 1; (D) dorsal view of posterior end of stock and anterior end of stolon 1 of an individual containing sand grains (shaded structures) within intestine; (E) dorsolateral view of fifth segment spines; (F) hooded hook; (G) lateral view of dorsal (to left) and ventral (to right) major spines of segment 5. Scale: 100 mm (AD); 25 mm (E); 12.5 mm (F); 5 mm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250260/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1353">figure 6G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF80FD31548D9FCB773DFF37" blockId="16.[154,1111,173,262]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">
Branchiae present on segments 7 and 8 (
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF80FD3156C19FCB7731FF14" box="[654,795,173,197]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[159,175,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-90@15.[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. Polydorella stolonifera (NMV F42898). (A) Lateral view of paratomic chain containing a developing stolon 1 (St1) and a newly developed segment 11 (11); (B) dorsolateral view of anterior end of single specimen containing 16 segments; note branchiae on segments 7 and 8. Scale: 250 mm (A); 100mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250264/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">figure 8A, B</figureCitation>
). Dorsal ciliary bands from segment 2 continuing to terminal segments (
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF80FD3156ED9FA87720FF37" box="[674,778,206,230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[159,175,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-90@15.[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. Polydorella stolonifera (NMV F42898). (A) Lateral view of paratomic chain containing a developing stolon 1 (St1) and a newly developed segment 11 (11); (B) dorsolateral view of anterior end of single specimen containing 16 segments; note branchiae on segments 7 and 8. Scale: 250 mm (A); 100mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250264/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">figure 8B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF80FD31548D9F88779FFED7" blockId="16.[154,1111,173,262]" box="[194,949,238,262]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">
Pygidium with small cirri surrounding terminal anus (
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF80FD3157739F887782FED7" box="[828,936,238,262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[159,175,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-90@15.[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. Polydorella stolonifera (NMV F42898). (A) Lateral view of paratomic chain containing a developing stolon 1 (St1) and a newly developed segment 11 (11); (B) dorsolateral view of anterior end of single specimen containing 16 segments; note branchiae on segments 7 and 8. Scale: 250 mm (A); 100mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250264/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">figure 8A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF80FD3154D59E5C7613FE83" blockId="16.[154,1111,314,600]" box="[154,569,314,338]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF80FD3154D59E5C7613FE83" box="[154,569,314,338]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">Asexual reproduction and parasitism</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF80FD31548D9E3C765CFD89" blockId="16.[154,1111,314,600]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">
Of 12 individuals examined, 10 exhibited asexual reproduction with two individuals joined in a chain (
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF80FD3155BF9E1C7676FE43" box="[496,604,378,402]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[159,175,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-90@15.[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. Polydorella stolonifera (NMV F42898). (A) Lateral view of paratomic chain containing a developing stolon 1 (St1) and a newly developed segment 11 (11); (B) dorsolateral view of anterior end of single specimen containing 16 segments; note branchiae on segments 7 and 8. Scale: 250 mm (A); 100mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250264/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">figure 8A</figureCitation>
). The two single individuals consisted of up to 16 segments; both possessed endoparasitic copepods within segments 812. Individuals undergoing asexual reproduction contain a growth zone that developed after segment 10. Formation of new posterior stock segments is apparent in side and ventral views (
<figureCitation id="43E8D2E9FF80FD31553E9E9875F7FDC7" box="[369,477,510,534]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[159,175,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-90@15.[230,1044,170,1314]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 8. Polydorella stolonifera (NMV F42898). (A) Lateral view of paratomic chain containing a developing stolon 1 (St1) and a newly developed segment 11 (11); (B) dorsolateral view of anterior end of single specimen containing 16 segments; note branchiae on segments 7 and 8. Scale: 250 mm (A); 100mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250264/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">figure 8A</figureCitation>
). The sequence of stolon body formation appears to be similar to that described for
<taxonomicName id="1CD3B5EFFF80FD3155A09D7976D1FDE6" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2004" box="[495,763,543,567]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kamakamai">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF80FD3155A09D7976D1FDE6" box="[495,763,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">Polydorella kamakamai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although no specimens were composed of more than two individuals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF80FD3154D59DEA7025FD12" blockId="16.[154,1039,652,707]" box="[154,1039,652,707]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF80FD3154D59DEA750AFD75" box="[154,288,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">Distribution</emphasis>
South
<collectingCountry id="A3C48EFCFF80FD31555F9DCD757FFD12" box="[272,341,683,707]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">China</collectingCountry>
Sea: south-eastern coast of
<collectingCountry id="A3C48EFCFF80FD3156EB9DCD7722FD12" box="[676,776,683,707]" name="Vietnam" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A3C48EFCFF80FD3157589DCD77B2FD12" box="[791,920,683,707]" name="Philippines" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">Philippines</collectingCountry>
; Red Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF80FD3154D59D9174D7FCDE" blockId="16.[154,1111,759,1275]" box="[154,253,759,783]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF80FD3154D59D9174D7FCDE" box="[154,253,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB6CCE6CFF80FD31548D9C71706EFB2A" blockId="16.[154,1111,759,1275]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">
<bibRefCitation id="BF42B39DFF80FD31548D9C7175D7FCFE" author="BLAKE, J. A. &amp; KUDENOV, J. D." box="[194,509,791,815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354" pagination="171 - 280" refId="ref8375" refString="BLAKE, J. A. and KUDENOV, J. D., 1978, The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera, Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake and Kudenov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that brown pigmentation was present on the branchiae, peristomium and sides of anterior segments; this pigmentation has been lost from the specimens stored in alcohol for 29 years. This is the first report of parasitic copepods within
<taxonomicName id="1CD3B5EFFF80FD3155A19C1C76C4FC43" baseAuthorityName="Blake and Kudenov" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[494,750,890,914]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF80FD3155A19C1C76C4FC43" box="[494,750,890,914]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">Polydorella stolonifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although
<bibRefCitation id="BF42B39DFF80FD3157209C1C707DFC43" author="RADASHEVSKY, V. I." box="[879,1111,890,914]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354" pagination="684 - 693" refId="ref9088" refString="RADASHEVSKY, V. I., 1996, Morphology, ecology and asexual reproduction of a new Polydorella species (Polychaeta; Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Bulletin of Marine Science, 58, 684 - 693." type="journal article" year="1996">Radashevsky (1996)</bibRefCitation>
noted such parasites in
<taxonomicName id="1CD3B5EFFF80FD3155F79CFD7663FC62" authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1996" box="[440,585,923,947]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dawydoffi">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF80FD3155F79CFD7663FC62" box="[440,585,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">P. dawydoffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The copepod parasites apparently interfere with the process of asexual reproduction in
<taxonomicName id="1CD3B5EFFF80FD3156C09CDA7725FC05" authorityName="Augener" authorityYear="1914" box="[655,783,956,980]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF80FD3156C09CDA7725FC05" box="[655,783,956,980]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">Polydorella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These parasites may induce larger numbers of segments and longer length in infected individuals; 16 segments in
<taxonomicName id="1CD3B5EFFF80FD31548F9C9B7577FBC4" baseAuthorityName="Blake and Kudenov" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[192,349,1021,1045]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF80FD31548F9C9B7577FBC4" box="[192,349,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">P. stolonifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that contained parasites versus 15 segments in those lacking parasites and 1718 segments in parasitized
<taxonomicName id="1CD3B5EFFF80FD3156FD9B78776EFBE7" authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1996" box="[690,836,1054,1078]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dawydoffi">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF80FD3156FD9B78776EFBE7" box="[690,836,1054,1078]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">P. dawydoffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus 15 segments in those lacking parasites. The present findings are in contrast to those of
<bibRefCitation id="BF42B39DFF80FD3157A79B5974CEFBA9" author="MCCURDY, D. G." pageId="16" pageNumber="1354" pagination="45 - 51" refId="ref9012" refString="MCCURDY, D. G., 2001, Asexual reproduction in Pygospio elegans Claparede (Annelida, Polychaeta) in relation to parasitism by Lepocreadium setiferoides (Miller and Northup) (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda), Biological Bulletin, 201, 45 - 51." type="journal article" year="2001">McCurdy (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, who found earlier fragmentation in asexual reproduction via architomy by
<taxonomicName id="1CD3B5EFFF80FD3154D59BE77603FB49" authority="Claparede, 1863" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[154,553,1152,1177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pygospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="E9A7127EFF80FD3154D59BE77574FB48" box="[154,350,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">Pygospio elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF42B39DFF80FD3155249BE67603FB49" author="CLAPAREDE, E." box="[363,553,1152,1176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354" refId="ref8526" refString="CLAPAREDE, E., 1863, Beobachtungen uber Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte wirbelloser Thiere an der Kuste von Normandie angestellt (Leipzig), 120 pp., 18 pls." type="book" year="1863">Claparède, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
when parasitized by trematode metacercariae. Such differences are not unexpected because host responses to parasites could be influenced by a variety of factors including mode of asexual reproduction (i.e. paratomy versus architomy) and
<typeStatus id="046870CEFF80FD31566E9B85767BFB2A" box="[545,593,1251,1275]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1354">type</typeStatus>
of parasite (crustacean versus trematode).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>