778 lines
120 KiB
XML
778 lines
120 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="660A92B961A0D3A8DC71FC1F0FE3B885">A new genus and species of mud crab (Crustacea, Brachyura, Panopeidae) from shoreline waters of the western Gulf of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8676A1BC3A60997ACCDF80B45A715EE4">Felder, Darryl L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7807EEC894DA0F4546E33B07616B9261">Department of Biology and Laboratory for Crustacean Research, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43602, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504 - 3602, USA. dlf 4517 @ louisiana. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7679 - 7712</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6778C10298B5FFEB2BFD066CFE2B52AC">Thoma, Brent P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6E1D05D066E17E6A6C6E5F11848AF049">Department of Biology and Laboratory for Crustacean Research, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43602, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504 - 3602, USA. dlf 4517 @ louisiana. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7679 - 7712 & (Current address) Department of Biology, Jackson State University, P. O. Box 18540, Jackson, Mississippi 39217 USA. brent. p. thoma @ jsums. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0631 - 7028</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="12B867C18786B41089237059E0FA5882">2020</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFDD7628FF71FD7A1D900A8F" ID-CoL="84GYD" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,458,690,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
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<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDD7628FF71FD7A1D900A8F" bold="true" box="[151,458,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Lithopanopeus truesdalei</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFDD7628FE34FD7B1E2F0A8F" box="[466,629,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDD7628FF71FD1F1E530AB3" blockId="2.[151,629,690,753]" box="[151,521,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
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(
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<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDD7628FF47FD1F1CB80AB3" box="[161,226,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,498,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-168@5.[151,1436,489,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–F, H; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) G, I. A, right side of carapace, dorsal surface; B, left side of carapace, ventral surface; C, right third maxilliped detached, external surface, (arthrobranch gill pair not shown); D, right third maxilliped detached, internal surface; E., major (left) cheliped, supero-internal surface; F, major (left) chela, external surface; G, major (left) chela fingers, external surface; H, minor (right) cheliped, infero-external surface; I, minor (right) cheliped, supero-internal surface. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406791/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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A–I; 2A–J; 3A–D; 4A, B)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E3B46528FFDD7628FF71FCD41F990B10" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDD7628FF71FCD41FA70B71" blockId="2.[151,1021,795,881]" box="[151,1021,795,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
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<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFDD7628FF71FCD41D740B71" ID-CoL="7P5ZV" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,302,796,819]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Hexapanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDD7628FF71FCD41D740B71" box="[151,302,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Hexapanopeus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFDD7628FED2FCD41D250B71" box="[308,383,795,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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—
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<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFDD7628FE7EFCD31ED00B71" author="Thoma, B. P. & Schubart, C. D. & Felder, D. L." box="[408,650,795,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="551 - 565" refId="ref8024" refString="Thoma, B. P., Schubart, C. D. & Felder, D. L. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of the western Atlantic representatives of the genus Hexapanopeus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Panopeidae). In: Martin, J. W., Crandall, K. A. & Felder, D. L. (Eds.), Crustacean Issues: Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics. Taylor and Francis / CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 551 - 565." type="book chapter" year="2009">
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Thoma
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<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDD7628FE0FFCD41E470B71" box="[489,541,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">et al.</emphasis>
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2009: 554
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, table 2, 558, fig. 1, 559, fig. 2, 560.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDD7628FF71FCF21F990B10" blockId="2.[151,1021,795,881]" box="[151,963,826,850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
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Nov. gen. nov. sp. near
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<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFDD7628FE63FCF21E210B10" ID-CoL="8YB8" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[389,635,826,850]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitti">
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<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDD7628FE63FCF21E210B10" box="[389,635,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Acantholobulus schmitti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFDD7628FD7EFCF21F240B10" author="Thoma, B. P. & Guinot, D. & Felder, D. L." box="[664,894,826,850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="86 - 109" refId="ref7950" refString="Thoma, B. P., Guinot, D. & Felder, D. L. (2014) Evolutionary relationships among American mud crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial markers, with comments on adult morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170, 86 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12093" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Thoma
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||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDD7628FD0FFCF31F460B10" box="[745,796,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">et al.</emphasis>
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2014: 92
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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Gen. nov., sp. nov. near
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<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFDD7628FE6AFC911DA20B32" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[396,504,856,880]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitti">
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<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDD7628FE6AFC911DA20B32" box="[396,504,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">A. schmitti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFDD7628FDF3FC901EA10B33" author="Thoma, B. P. & Guinot, D. & Felder, D. L." box="[533,763,856,881]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" pagination="86 - 109" refId="ref7950" refString="Thoma, B. P., Guinot, D. & Felder, D. L. (2014) Evolutionary relationships among American mud crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial markers, with comments on adult morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170, 86 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12093" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Thoma
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||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDD7628FD80FC911EC30B32" box="[614,665,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">et al.</emphasis>
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2014: 90
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</bibRefCitation>
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, table 1, 98.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDD7628FF71FC571D640BFA" bold="true" box="[151,318,926,953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Type material</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="74158801FFDD7628FEABFC571DEF0BFB" box="[333,437,927,953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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of
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<collectingCountry id="D3B97633FFDD7628FD5FFC571F4E0BF8" box="[697,788,927,954]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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): male, cw
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, eroded wave-washed limestone rocks among larger granite boulders of north jetty,
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="4B75ACD9FFDD7628FC75FC0B18300B9F" box="[915,1130,963,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">South Padre Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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,
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,
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, <
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,
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, coll
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<collectorName id="065B5375FFDD7628FDA9FC2F1E890C43" box="[591,723,999,1025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">D.L. Felder</collectorName>
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&
|
||
<collectorName id="065B5375FFDD7628FD1DFC2F1FD90C43" box="[763,899,999,1025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">J.W. Martin</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="FB089ED8FFDD7628FC76FC2F18110C43" box="[912,1099,999,1025]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="Museum">USNM 1611097</specimenCode>
|
||
(=
|
||
<specimenCode id="FB089ED8FFDD7628FB90FC2F194A0C43" box="[1142,1296,999,1025]" collectionCode="ULLZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ggzt-j23h" name="University of Louisiana at Layafette, Zoological Collection" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">ULLZ 17919</specimenCode>
|
||
, photograph voucher)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1BC63CFEFFDD7628FEEFFBC31E420C0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027121301" collectingDate="1979-05-28" collectionCode="USNM, ULLZ" collectorName="D. L. Felder & J. W. Martin" country="Mexico" county="Texas" elevation="1" latitude="26.0674" location="northwestern Gulf" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-97.15382" municipality="South Padre Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" specimenCode="USNM 1611098, ULLZ 18400" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="74158801FFDD7628FEEFFBC31D2C0C67" box="[265,374,1035,1061]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="AE716078FFDD7628FE62FBC31E080C67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:230787B5FFDD7623FF71FD7A1D7C0BE7:AE716078FFDD7628FE62FBC31E080C67" box="[388,594,1035,1061]" country="Mexico" name="northwestern Gulf" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">northwestern Gulf</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D3B97633FFDD7628FD91FBC31E880C64" box="[631,722,1035,1062]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
): 1 ov female, cw
|
||
<quantity id="6C569B46FFDD7628FC79FBC31FAD0C67" box="[927,1015,1035,1061]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, collection data same as for holotype,
|
||
<specimenCode id="FB089ED8FFDD7628FF71FBE71D0A0C0B" box="[151,336,1071,1097]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="Museum">USNM 1611098</specimenCode>
|
||
(=
|
||
<specimenCode id="FB089ED8FFDD7628FE91FBE71E4B0C0B" box="[375,529,1071,1097]" collectionCode="ULLZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ggzt-j23h" name="University of Louisiana at Layafette, Zoological Collection" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">ULLZ 18400</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1BC63CFEFFDD7628FDC2FBE71D030C2F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027121303" collectingDate="1979-05-28" collectionCode="USNM, ULLZ" collectorName="D. L. Felder & J. W. Martin" country="Mexico" county="Texas" elevation="1" latitude="26.0674" location="northwestern Gulf" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-97.15382" municipality="South Padre Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" specimenCode="USNM 1611099, ULLZ 18401" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
1 ov female, cw
|
||
<quantity id="6C569B46FFDD7628FD38FBE71F6C0C0B" box="[734,822,1071,1097]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, collection data same as for holotype,
|
||
<specimenCode id="FB089ED8FFDD7628FB05FBE719C60C0B" box="[1251,1436,1071,1097]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="Museum">USNM 1611099</specimenCode>
|
||
(=
|
||
<specimenCode id="FB089ED8FFDD7628FF5EFB9B1D0B0C2F" box="[184,337,1107,1133]" collectionCode="ULLZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ggzt-j23h" name="University of Louisiana at Layafette, Zoological Collection" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">ULLZ 18401</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1BC63CFEFFDD7628FE83FB9B1E880CD3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027121302" collectingDate="1998-01-12" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Felder" country="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" specimenCode="USNM 1543794" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="BDA8FD2AFFDD7628FE83FB9B1DE50C2F" box="[357,447,1107,1133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, cw 4.4,
|
||
<quantity id="6C569B46FFDD7628FDC2FB9A1E270C2F" box="[548,637,1106,1133]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="BDA8FD2AFFDD7628FD6FFB9B1EB70C2F" box="[649,749,1107,1133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, cw 6.0 mm, collection site and setting same as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="74158801FFDD7628FAD5FB9B19C20C2F" box="[1331,1432,1107,1133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="DF101063FFDD7628FF71FBBF1D080CD3" box="[151,338,1143,1169]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" value="1998-01-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="CF54E98BFFDD7628FF71FBBF1D080CD3" box="[151,338,1143,1169]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" value="1998-01-12">12 January 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll D.L.
|
||
<collectorName id="065B5375FFDD7628FE20FBBF1E550CD3" box="[454,527,1143,1169]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Felder</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="FB089ED8FFDD7628FDFFFBBF1E880CD3" box="[537,722,1142,1169]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="Museum">USNM 1543794</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1BC63CFEFFDD7628FD3FFBBF180E0CD0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027121306" box="[729,1108,1143,1170]" collectingDate="1998-01-12" collectionCode="ULLZ" collectorName="Felder" country="Mexico" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" specimenCode="ULLZ 8646" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
(=
|
||
<specimenCode id="FB089ED8FFDD7628FD1EFBBF1FDB0CD3" box="[760,897,1143,1169]" collectionCode="ULLZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ggzt-j23h" name="University of Louisiana at Layafette, Zoological Collection" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">ULLZ 8646</specimenCode>
|
||
, genetic vouchers)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1BC63CFEFFDD7628FBBBFBBF184D0CBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027121305" collectingDate="2002-07-02" collectionCode="T, R" collectorName="Playa de la Mancha & D. L. Felder & M. Rodriguez & Robles" country="Mexico" elevation="1" latitude="19.597017" location="Playa de la Mancha" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.3741" municipality="southwestern Gulf" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" specimenCode="USNM 1541468, ULLZ 6447" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="74158801FFDD7628FBBBFBBF18E50CD3" box="[1117,1215,1143,1169]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4B75ACD9FFDD7628FB2BFBBF19C60CD3" box="[1229,1436,1143,1169]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">southwestern Gulf</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D3B97633FFDD7628FF53FB531D4A0CF4" box="[181,272,1179,1206]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
): male, cw
|
||
<quantity id="6C569B46FFDD7628FE68FB531DBC0CF7" box="[398,486,1179,1205]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, eroded wave-washed rocky ledge with old sabellarid worm accumulations off beach at
|
||
<collectorName id="065B5375FFDD7628FF54FB771DD40C9B" box="[178,398,1215,1241]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<location id="AE716078FFDD7628FF54FB771DD40C9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:230787B5FFDD7623FF71FD7A1D7C0BE7:AE716078FFDD7628FF54FB771DD40C9B" box="[178,398,1215,1241]" country="Mexico" latitude="19.597017" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.3741" municipality="southwestern Gulf" name="Playa de la Mancha" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Playa de la Mancha</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="696AF841FFDD7628FE7EFB771DA50C9B" box="[408,511,1215,1241]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D3B97633FFDD7628FDEFFB771E3B0C9B" box="[521,609,1215,1241]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CE9A5064FFDD7628FD8AFB771F570C9B" box="[620,781,1214,1241]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="35.821" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" precision="1" value="19.597017">19° 35.821´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CE9A5064FFDD7628FCF1FB771FE60C9B" box="[791,956,1215,1241]" degrees="96" direction="west" minutes="22.446" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" precision="1" value="-96.3741">96° 22.446´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, <
|
||
<quantity id="6C569B46FFDD7628FC3AFB7718520C9B" box="[988,1032,1215,1241]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="1.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2083D190FFDD7628FC3AFB7718520C9B" box="[988,1032,1215,1241]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="DF101063FFDD7628FBF2FB7718C20C9B" box="[1044,1176,1215,1241]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" value="2002-07-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="CF54E98BFFDD7628FBF2FB7718C20C9B" box="[1044,1176,1215,1241]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" value="2002-07-02">2 July 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="065B5375FFDD7628FB3FFB7719060C9B" box="[1241,1372,1215,1241]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">D.L. Felder</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="CDBFAE66FFDD7628FA80FB7719230C9B" box="[1382,1401,1215,1241]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="065B5375FFDD7628FA9BFB771D550CBF" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">M. Rodriguez</collectorName>
|
||
, &
|
||
<collectionCode id="CDBFAE66FFDD7628FED1FB2B1D170CBF" box="[311,333,1251,1277]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="065B5375FFDD7628FEB1FB2B1DF20CBF" box="[343,424,1251,1277]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Robles</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="FB089ED8FFDD7628FE55FB2B1E370CBF" box="[435,621,1250,1277]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="Museum">USNM 1541468</specimenCode>
|
||
(=
|
||
<specimenCode id="FB089ED8FFDD7628FD72FB2B1F440CBF" box="[660,798,1251,1277]" collectionCode="ULLZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ggzt-j23h" name="University of Louisiana at Layafette, Zoological Collection" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">ULLZ 6447</specimenCode>
|
||
, photograph voucher)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E3B46528FFDD7629FF21FACE1D830993" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="2" pageNumber="427" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDD7629FF21FACE1D830993" blockId="2.[151,1437,926,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDD7628FF21FACE1D180D62" bold="true" box="[199,322,1286,1312]" pageId="2" pageNumber="427">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Carapace weakly convex, ovoid to weakly subhexagonal in outline, length about 0.75 greatest width (including anterolateral teeth), fronto-orbital width about 0.6 carapace width; front with single margin, not bimarginate, with distinct median V-shaped notch, lateral corner forming lobiform tooth; dorsal regions weakly defined, sparsely setose, transverse rows of granules marking most raised surfaces; five anterolateral teeth, angular first and lobiform second teeth distinctly separated by shallow sinus, fifth tooth small but distinct, acute to subacute; lower posterolateral margin and posteroventral branchiostegite with cover of elongate, feathery, plumose setae. Third maxilliped merus distal margin sinuous, produced mesially to form distinctly raised prominence near articulation with carpus. Cheliped merus without enlarged marginal teeth or spines; carpus superior and lateral surfaces covered by rounded to subacute granules, some forming rows or surmounting elevations, supero-external surface with distinctly depressed distal groove parallel to distal margin, groove proximally bordered by two tuberculiform elevations and less prominent granular ridges of supero-external surface, carpus with proximal internal angle low, rounded, distal angle forming blunt, distally directed tooth. Major chela propodus mostly smooth, superior longitudinal crest bordered by broadly depressed supero-external furrow and weak internal furrow defined by longitudinal row of slight depressions in fine granulation, upper external surface of palm with few rows of granules arranged in short diagonal to vertical lines below supero-external furrow. Ambulatory pereopods 2–4 relatively short, merus length about 0.5 carapace length; all ambulatory pereopods with merus superior margin lined by conspicuous elongate plumose setae; propodus superior margin with cover of short plumose setae forming dense pubescence, most developed on posteriormost pereopods, dactylar-propodal locking mechanism not developed; dactyl inferior margin lacking subterminal, prehensile tooth, inferior and superior margins densely covered by short plumose setae forming broad tract of thick pubescence, setal cover of dactylus least in pereopod 2, most in pereopod 5. Male thoracic sternum length from apex to suture between fourth and fifth sternites (measured at edge of pleon) 0.70–0.74 times greatest width of fourth sternite (including episternites), eighth sternite exposed only as narrow gap between lateral margin of flexed second pleonite and condyle of fifth pereopod coxa. Pleon of male with third through fifth somites fused, telson subtriangularly rounded, widest in proximal third. Male first gonopod tip obscurely trifid, trunk distal half with longitudinal row of very heavy, broad, subacute teeth on sternomesial side, row ending short of acute distal process forming bladelike subterminal tooth. Male second gonopod less than one-third length of first gonopod. Female gonopore (including opening and surrounding lips or vulva) centered on anterior half of sixth sternite, opening broadly crescentic. Applicable GenBank sequence accession numbers from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFDC7629FBA0FEA7197C09CB" author="Thoma, B. P. & Guinot, D. & Felder, D. L." box="[1094,1318,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" pagination="86 - 109" refId="ref7950" refString="Thoma, B. P., Guinot, D. & Felder, D. L. (2014) Evolutionary relationships among American mud crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial markers, with comments on adult morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170, 86 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12093" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Thoma
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDC7629FB7BFEA7188F09CB" box="[1181,1237,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are as follow for ULLZ 8646 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="74158801FFDC7629FE6FFE5B1DB709EF" box="[393,493,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
) = USNM 1543794: (12S)
|
||
<accessionNumber id="B4FDAB40FFDC7629FCC3FE5A1FF809EF" box="[805,930,402,429]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU863295" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">EU863295</accessionNumber>
|
||
; (16S)
|
||
<accessionNumber id="B4FDAB40FFDC7629FC12FE5B182809EF" box="[1012,1138,403,429]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU863361" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">EU863361</accessionNumber>
|
||
; (COI)
|
||
<accessionNumber id="B4FDAB40FFDC7629FB2EFE5B191E09EF" box="[1224,1348,403,429]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KF682761" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">KF682761</accessionNumber>
|
||
; (ENO)
|
||
<accessionNumber id="B4FDAB40FFDC7629FF71FE7F1D490993" box="[151,275,439,465]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KF682684" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">KF682684</accessionNumber>
|
||
; (H3)
|
||
<accessionNumber id="B4FDAB40FFDC7629FEBCFE7E1D8F0993" box="[346,469,438,465]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KF682563" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">KF682563</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E3B46528FFDC762CFF21FE1219160927" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="431" pageId="3" pageNumber="428" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDC7629FF21FE121ED30C77" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDC7629FF21FE121D0309B6" bold="true" box="[199,345,474,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDC7629FE3EFE131E0D09B7" box="[472,599,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,498,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-168@5.[151,1436,489,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–F, H; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) G, I. A, right side of carapace, dorsal surface; B, left side of carapace, ventral surface; C, right third maxilliped detached, external surface, (arthrobranch gill pair not shown); D, right third maxilliped detached, internal surface; E., major (left) cheliped, supero-internal surface; F, major (left) chela, external surface; G, major (left) chela fingers, external surface; H, minor (right) cheliped, infero-external surface; I, minor (right) cheliped, supero-internal surface. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDC7629FD82FE131ED309B7" box="[612,649,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,320,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-65@7.[151,1436,309,1611]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., female paratype (USNM 1611099 = ULLZ 18401). A, right side of carapace, dorsal surface (setae not shown); B, major (right) cheliped, supero-internal surface; C, thoracic sternum, pleon lifted away to expose gonopores; D, pleon, external surface. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406797/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDC7629FD73FE131E8309B7" box="[661,729,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1422,1446]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,957,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-422@9.[152,1436,957,1399]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp. A, male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) cw 9.6 mm, northwestern Gulf of Mexico; B, juvenile male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) cw 6.3 mm, southwestern Gulf of Mexico." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406801/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) very weakly convex, distinctly wider than long, frontal width about 0.55 fronto-orbital width, fronto-orbital width about 0.6 greatest carapace width, dorsal outline subovoid to weakly subhexagonal, dorsal regions weakly defined by shallow grooves, strongest anteriorly near margins, most raised surfaces marked by a transverse ridge of small granules, sometimes with few setae along lines, ridges strongest on protogastric, hepatic, and branchial regions, surface otherwise appearing mostly smooth with low cover of small granules, densest and largest near margins; front bilobed, separated by distinctly V-shaped median fissure, lobes broadly convex, single edge of low granules forming margin, lateral tooth distinct, lobiform, terminated laterally at antennal sinus below mesial end of supraorbital margin; supraorbital margin granulate, forming distinct tooth above antennal sinus, median and lateral fissures forming distinct breaks in marginal granulation, margin slightly convex between fissures. Anterolateral teeth well developed along distinctly convex arch of margin, first (outer orbital) acutely angular, separated by distinct sinus from lobiform second; third and fourth broadly triangular, margins granulate, sharply angular tips, tip of fourth more acute than third; fifth tooth distinctly developed though much smaller than preceding, tip acute to subacute. Posterolateral margin marked by broken line of small granules above dense field of feathery plumose setae. Pterygostomial and subhepatic regions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDC7629FBE6FC67180E0B8B" box="[1024,1108,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,498,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-168@5.[151,1436,489,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–F, H; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) G, I. A, right side of carapace, dorsal surface; B, left side of carapace, ventral surface; C, right third maxilliped detached, external surface, (arthrobranch gill pair not shown); D, right third maxilliped detached, internal surface; E., major (left) cheliped, supero-internal surface; F, major (left) chela, external surface; G, major (left) chela fingers, external surface; H, minor (right) cheliped, infero-external surface; I, minor (right) cheliped, supero-internal surface. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with scattered low granules, coarsest near margins, lacking subhepatic tubercle, pterygostomial ridge slightly raised, granulate. Branchiostegite posterolaterally with dense cover of elongate, feathery, plumose setae, extending to and fully concealing ventrolateral margin above coxae of ambulatory legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDC7629FF21FBF71DAC0C87" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Eyestalk stout, bulbous basally, anterior crest granulate, slightly raised to form short, granulate precorneal crest. Antenna with long flagellum, peduncle with distalmost fused basal article elongate, rectangular, extending into orbital fossa, article proximally separated from parallel margin of suborbital carapace by small ossicle inserted distal to operculum of nephridiopore.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDC7629FF21FB071E1D0F47" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
|
||
Third maxilliped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDC7629FE70FB071D8F0CAB" box="[406,469,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,498,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-168@5.[151,1436,489,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–F, H; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) G, I. A, right side of carapace, dorsal surface; B, left side of carapace, ventral surface; C, right third maxilliped detached, external surface, (arthrobranch gill pair not shown); D, right third maxilliped detached, internal surface; E., major (left) cheliped, supero-internal surface; F, major (left) chela, external surface; G, major (left) chela fingers, external surface; H, minor (right) cheliped, infero-external surface; I, minor (right) cheliped, supero-internal surface. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D) protopod elongate, narrowing laterally, distal surface grooved to intersect ventral edge of carapace, bearing two unequal projections along margin internal to groove, proximal to tight bundle of lamellae forming small podobranch gill positioned above pair of much longer, lamellate, arthrobranch gills. Epipod thin, flattened, strap-like, bearing long simple setae along length. Endopod basis subtriangular; ischium broadly subrectangular, proximal end curved laterally to intersect suture with basis, external surface mostly smooth, weak longitudinal furrow medially, mesial margin with fringe of simple setae; merus subquadrate, lateral margin near straight to very weakly concave, distolateral margin rounded, distal margin sinuous, weakly convex laterally, produced mesially to form distinctly raised tooth-like prominence near articulation with carpus, distomesial corner obliquely excavate to accommodate articulation of carpus; carpus subcylindrical, internal surface with distal submarginal field and distal fringe of elongate stiff setae overlying propodus; propodus cylindrical, internal surface distally with submarginal and distal rows of elongate, stiff setae; dactlyus subcylindrical to coniform, tapering distally, length about 1.3 to 1.4 times that of propodus, inferior margin with few tufts of short, fine setae, tip bearing dense tuft of long stiff setae exceeding length of dactylus. Exopod subrectangularly elongate, slightly narrowing distally, comparatively short, stout, internal edge of mesial margin produced to form strong rounded subtriangular projection in distal third, small tuft of plumose setae distally at articulation of flagellum, flagellum multi-articulate, bearing numerous long, distally directed setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDC762EFF21F8C718E80903" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="429" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">
|
||
Chelipeds (first pereopods) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDC7629FDEDF8C71E140F6B" box="[523,590,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,498,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-168@5.[151,1436,489,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–F, H; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) G, I. A, right side of carapace, dorsal surface; B, left side of carapace, ventral surface; C, right third maxilliped detached, external surface, (arthrobranch gill pair not shown); D, right third maxilliped detached, internal surface; E., major (left) cheliped, supero-internal surface; F, major (left) chela, external surface; G, major (left) chela fingers, external surface; H, minor (right) cheliped, infero-external surface; I, minor (right) cheliped, supero-internal surface. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="428">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E–I) unequal, sparsely setose over most surfaces except for some margins of merus and carpus, fields of subacute granules on superior and supero-external surfaces of carpus and propodus, some congregated into lines and low ridges or surmounting elevations to form granular tubercles; ischium and merus with line of plumose setae adjacent to tracts of low rounded granules along inner margins, granules extending as fields onto inferior surfaces; merus superolateral margins similarly lined by plumose setae and closely set blunt granules that extend as field onto lateral surface, margin lacking enlarged teeth or spines; carpus superior and lateral surfaces densely covered by rounded to subacute granules, slightly larger of which form variably defined lines and ridges or surmount elevations, supero-external surface marked by distinct groove parallel to distal margin, proximal to which are two elevated granular tubercles and lower granular ridges of supero-external surface, internal margin with proximal angle low, rounded, unarmed, distal angle much stronger, produced to form heavy, blunt, somewhat distally directed tooth, distal to which margin is defined by tract of slightly enlarged granules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDB762EFF21FE8319680AEB" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Major chela propodus mostly smooth to microgranulate, superior longitudinal rounded crest well defined between broadly depressed supero-external furrow and weakly defined internal furrow, the latter marked primarily by longitudinal line of dimples or depressions in fine granulation; coarsest granules atop condyle at proximal end on superior crest and on proximo-superior external surface of palm where some arranged in short diagonal to near vertical lines below supero-external furrow; fixed finger of major chela short, subtriangular, inferior margin weakly sinuous, tip curved upwards, opposable margin bearing three to four prominent subtriangular to rounded teeth with smaller subacute teeth between, largest tooth centered just proximal to midlength, row of teeth set between shallow grooves bearing few setal punctae to internal and external sides; dactylus arched, slightly longer than fixed finger, opposable margin with strong, lobiform, enlarged basal tooth proximally, distally with four somewhat rounded teeth separated by smaller denticles, subacute tip strongly curved to cross to internal side of fixed finger tip when flexed.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDB762EFF21FD7B1FCF0BE7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Minor cheliped propodus similar to that of major, including in form and granlation of superior longitudinal crest bordered by broadly depressed supero-external furrow and weak internal longitudinal furrow marked by series of weakly defined depressions in fine granulation; fixed finger of minor chela basally narrower than that of major, opposable margin with five enlarged subtriangular teeth; dactylus of minor chela appearing slightly more elongate, less arched than that of major, longer than fixed finger, opposable margin lacking enlarged basal lobiform tooth, cutting edge dentition weaker than in major chela, consisting of five or six low, broadly rounded, subtriangular teeth, subacute tip crossing to internal side of fixed finger tip when flexed.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDB762EFF21FC6719250D83" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
|
||
Ambulatory pereopods 2–5 relatively short, robust, all of similar in general form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDB762EFBB8FC6718FA0B8B" box="[1118,1184,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,786,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-292@6.[151,1436,777,1766]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–C, E–I; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) D, J. A, right second pereopod, upper surface; B, right third pereopod, lower surface; C, right fourth pereopod, upper surface; D, right fifth pereopod, upper surface; E, pleon, sternum, and pereopod coxae, posteroventral surfaces; F, pleon disarticulated; G, right first gonopod, lateral surface; H, right first gonopod, sternal surface; I, right first gonopod, abdomino-mesial surface; J, right second gonopod, pleonal surface. Scale bar = 3.0 mm (A–C); 2.0 mm (D–F); 1.0 mm (G, J); 0.5 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406795/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D), merus length in each less than three times greatest width; pereopods 2–4 subequal in size, length of meri 0.48–0.54 carapace length; pereopod 5 smaller, with relatively shorter merus near 0.4 carapace length, relatively broader, more flattened propodus; ambulatory pereopod meri all with superior margin lined by broken row of low, dentiform granules variably concealed by row of elongate, plumose setae, distal superior margin ending in low, blunt angle beyond subdistal notch, inferior margin finely granulate, at most with few long simple or plumose setae; carpus superior margin with scattered long and short setae, some plumose, along surmounted by granules, ridge roughly parallel to second ridge on superoposterior surface, sulcus between ridges shallow; propodus superior margin weakly granulate, bearing several long plumose setae and much denser, broader cover of short plumose setae forming dense pubescence, most so distally, densest and most broadly developed on posteriormost pereopods, inferior margin with similar setation as superior, less developed in pereopods 2 and 3 than in pereopods 4 and 5, the latter similarly pubescent on both margins; dactylar-propodal locking mechanism not developed; dactylus stout proximally, narrowing in distal half to weakly falciform corneous tip, inferior margin lacking subterminal, calcareous, pehensile tooth, inferior and superior margins with scattered long simple or plumose setae, more densely covered by short plumose setae forming broad tract of thick pubescence, pubescence of dactylus ranging from least in pereopod 2 to most in pereopod 5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDB762EFF21FA031F040EFF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
|
||
Thoracic sternum of male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDB762EFE13FA031E130DA7" box="[501,585,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,786,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-292@6.[151,1436,777,1766]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–C, E–I; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) D, J. A, right second pereopod, upper surface; B, right third pereopod, lower surface; C, right fourth pereopod, upper surface; D, right fifth pereopod, upper surface; E, pleon, sternum, and pereopod coxae, posteroventral surfaces; F, pleon disarticulated; G, right first gonopod, lateral surface; H, right first gonopod, sternal surface; I, right first gonopod, abdomino-mesial surface; J, right second gonopod, pleonal surface. Scale bar = 3.0 mm (A–C); 2.0 mm (D–F); 1.0 mm (G, J); 0.5 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406795/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
) broader than long, length from acute anterior apex to suture between fourth and fifth sternites (measured at edge of pleon) 0.70–0.74 times greatest width of fourth sternite (including episternites), sternopleonal depression in fourth sternite not unusually sculpted or excavate to accommodate first gonopod tips below flexed pleon; fifth sternite with granulate press button to each side of sternopleonal depression; fourth and fifth episternites narrowly angular, terminally subacute posteriorly, sixth episternite slightly broader and subacute posteriorly, seventh broadly rounded posteriorly, eighth sternite exposed only as narrow gap between lateral margin of flexed second pleonite and condyle pereopod 5 coxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDB762FFF21F90F19C70897" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
|
||
Pleon of male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDB762EFE93F90F1DB30EA3" box="[373,489,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,786,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-292@6.[151,1436,777,1766]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–C, E–I; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) D, J. A, right second pereopod, upper surface; B, right third pereopod, lower surface; C, right fourth pereopod, upper surface; D, right fifth pereopod, upper surface; E, pleon, sternum, and pereopod coxae, posteroventral surfaces; F, pleon disarticulated; G, right first gonopod, lateral surface; H, right first gonopod, sternal surface; I, right first gonopod, abdomino-mesial surface; J, right second gonopod, pleonal surface. Scale bar = 3.0 mm (A–C); 2.0 mm (D–F); 1.0 mm (G, J); 0.5 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406795/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with third through fifth somites fused, first somite widest at articulation with carapace, rounded to articulation with second somite; second somite widest proximally near articulation with first somite, narrowing distally; fused third through fifth somites widest at lateral flange of third, weakly sinuous laterally, narrowing distally, width at articulation with sixth somite about half that at wide flange of third, sutures between fused somites obscure: sixth somite subrectangular, slightly broadened distally near articulation with telson subtriangularly rounded, widest in proximal third. Pleon of female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDB762EFCAFF8B31FC50FD7" box="[841,927,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,320,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-65@7.[151,1436,309,1611]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., female paratype (USNM 1611099 = ULLZ 18401). A, right side of carapace, dorsal surface (setae not shown); B, major (right) cheliped, supero-internal surface; C, thoracic sternum, pleon lifted away to expose gonopores; D, pleon, external surface. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406797/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with first somite narrowing distally, margins distinctly convex, second somite widening distally, margins concave; third with convex margins, widening distally, lengths of third through sixth somites incrementally increasing, telson exceeding length of sixth; fourth somite widest though third very nearly as wide, widths of fourth through sixth somites decreasing, all with convex lateral margins, sixth much wider than telson greatest width, telson subtriangular, terminally rounded, length about 2/3 width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDA762FFF21FF1719680993" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">
|
||
Male first gonopod tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDA762FFE29FF171E4A08BB" box="[463,528,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,786,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-292@6.[151,1436,777,1766]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–C, E–I; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) D, J. A, right second pereopod, upper surface; B, right third pereopod, lower surface; C, right fourth pereopod, upper surface; D, right fifth pereopod, upper surface; E, pleon, sternum, and pereopod coxae, posteroventral surfaces; F, pleon disarticulated; G, right first gonopod, lateral surface; H, right first gonopod, sternal surface; I, right first gonopod, abdomino-mesial surface; J, right second gonopod, pleonal surface. Scale bar = 3.0 mm (A–C); 2.0 mm (D–F); 1.0 mm (G, J); 0.5 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406795/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G–I) of modified panopeid form, obscurely trifid, trunk in distal half of sternomesial side bearing longitudinal row of very heavy, broad, subacute teeth, row ending well short of larger acute distal process forming bladelike, somewhat flattened, weakly hooked subterminal tooth, distal third of abdomino-lateral margin bearing longitudinal row of smaller subacute teeth. Male second gonopod less than one-third length of first gonopod, terminating in simple spiniform tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDA762FFD7FFEA71EB309CB" box="[665,745,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,786,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-292@6.[151,1436,777,1766]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–C, E–I; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) D, J. A, right second pereopod, upper surface; B, right third pereopod, lower surface; C, right fourth pereopod, upper surface; D, right fifth pereopod, upper surface; E, pleon, sternum, and pereopod coxae, posteroventral surfaces; F, pleon disarticulated; G, right first gonopod, lateral surface; H, right first gonopod, sternal surface; I, right first gonopod, abdomino-mesial surface; J, right second gonopod, pleonal surface. Scale bar = 3.0 mm (A–C); 2.0 mm (D–F); 1.0 mm (G, J); 0.5 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406795/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female gonopore (including opening and vulvar cover) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFDA762FFA89FEA71CE209EF" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,320,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-65@7.[151,1436,309,1611]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp., female paratype (USNM 1611099 = ULLZ 18401). A, right side of carapace, dorsal surface (setae not shown); B, major (right) cheliped, supero-internal surface; C, thoracic sternum, pleon lifted away to expose gonopores; D, pleon, external surface. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406797/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) large, centered on anterior half of subpleonal sixth sternite, occupying most of sixth thoracic sternite length, gonopore opening broadly crescentic, slightly raised convex lip defining lateral concave opening of pore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FFD1662BFFDA762FFF71F8C11D5A0F97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4406791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406791/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="430" startId="5.[151,250,1801,1825]" targetBox="[159,1428,498,1773]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFDA762FFF71F8C11D5A0F97" blockId="5.[151,1437,1801,2006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDA762FFF71F8C11D490F63" bold="true" box="[151,275,1801,1825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFDA762FFEFCF8C21E460F60" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[282,540,1802,1826]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDA762FFEFCF8C21E460F60" box="[282,540,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">Lithopanopeus truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFDA762FFDC5F8C21EEB0F60" bold="true" box="[547,689,1802,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="430">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFDA762FFDC5F8C21EEB0F60" box="[547,689,1802,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="430" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–F, H; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) G, I. A, right side of carapace, dorsal surface; B, left side of carapace, ventral surface; C, right third maxilliped detached, external surface, (arthrobranch gill pair not shown); D, right third maxilliped detached, internal surface; E., major (left) cheliped, supero-internal surface; F, major (left) chela, external surface; G, major (left) chela fingers, external surface; H, minor (right) cheliped, infero-external surface; I, minor (right) cheliped, supero-internal surface. Scale bars = 2.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD9762CFF21FF5E19160927" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD9762CFF21FF5E1D4A08F2" bold="true" box="[199,272,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
The highly variable color patterns, where known for fresh specimens, overall range from densely mottled reddish brown overlying off white to large unbroken areas of orange on the carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="33952A26FFD9762CFB84FF7318870897" box="[1122,1245,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1422,1446]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,957,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-422@9.[152,1436,957,1399]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lithopanopeus truesdalei n. gen., n. sp. A, male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) cw 9.6 mm, northwestern Gulf of Mexico; B, juvenile male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) cw 6.3 mm, southwestern Gulf of Mexico." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406801/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Upper surfaces of the cheliped palms vary from mostly off white to broken reddish brown above, the latter sometimes with a pair of large, solid, darker spots on the supero-internal surface of the palm. Fingers of the chelae vary from pale horn to brown. The merus of the ambulatory legs may have a near solid or broken band of white marking the distal quarter, while the distal half of propodus and dactylus are typically of lighter coloration that more proximal articles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E3B46528FFD9762CFF21FEA71D4E0AEB" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD9762CFF21FEA7182E0A5B" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD9762CFF21FEA71D1409CB" bold="true" box="[199,334,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is assigned in recognition of Frank M. Truesdale for his many contributions to crustacean biology through his personal research and training of students, but also in gratitude for many years of supportive assistance and collaborations with DLF and his students. In addition to his renowned compilations on the history of carcinological research, his special expertise in the rearing of decapod larvae has contributed substantially to understanding of decapod crustacean life histories, including those of panopeid crabs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD9762CFF21FDEA1D4E0AEB" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD9762CFF21FDEA1CAD0A7E" bold="true" box="[199,247,546,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Size</emphasis>
|
||
. Carapace widths ranged from
|
||
<quantity id="6C569B46FFD9762CFDBEFDEB1EF40A7F" box="[600,686,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the smallest male
|
||
<typeStatus id="74158801FFD9762CFC7AFDEB1FA60A7F" box="[924,1020,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="6C569B46FFD9762CFBC6FDEB182C0A7F" box="[1056,1142,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" unit="mm" value="9.6">9.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="74158801FFD9762CFAE7FDEB193D0A7F" box="[1281,1383,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The largest female was one of two ovigerous specimens,
|
||
<quantity id="6C569B46FFD9762CFD0CFD8F1F1A0A23" box="[746,832,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in carapace width. Embryonated eggs (most showing eyespots) in sampled clutches of alcohol-preserved ovigerous females ranged from
|
||
<quantity id="6C569B46FFD9762CFBBDFDA319460AC7" box="[1115,1308,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.9000000000000004" metricValueMin="3.3000000000000003" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" unit="mm" value="0.36" valueMax="0.39" valueMin="0.33">0.33 to 0.39 mm</quantity>
|
||
in greatest dimension.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E3B46528FFD9762DFF21FD7A1DC9095F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="432" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD9762CFF21FD7A1E500AB3" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD9762CFF21FD7A1D3B0A8E" bold="true" box="[199,353,690,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Brazos Santiago Inlet in extreme south Texas and a natural rocky shoreline platform along Playa de la Mancha,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="696AF841FFD9762CFEDDFD1F1DF80AB3" box="[315,418,727,753]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D3B97633FFD9762CFE4BFD1F1E5C0AB3" box="[429,518,727,753]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FFD1662BFFD9762CFF71F9351D2B0F88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406795" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4406795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" startId="6.[151,250,1789,1813]" targetBox="[158,1427,786,1758]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD9762CFF71F9351D2B0F88" blockId="6.[151,1436,1789,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD9762CFF71F9351D480F57" bold="true" box="[151,274,1789,1813]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD9762CFEF1F9361E420F54" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[279,536,1790,1814]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD9762CFEF1F9361E420F54" box="[279,536,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">Lithopanopeus truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD9762CFDF8F9361EF20F54" bold="true" box="[542,680,1790,1814]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD9762CFDF8F9361EF20F54" box="[542,680,1790,1814]" pageId="6" pageNumber="431" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, male holotype (USNM 1611097 = ULLZ 17919) A–C, E–I; male paratype (USNM 1541468 = ULLZ 6447) D, J. A, right second pereopod, upper surface; B, right third pereopod, lower surface; C, right fourth pereopod, upper surface; D, right fifth pereopod, upper surface; E, pleon, sternum, and pereopod coxae, posteroventral surfaces; F, pleon disarticulated; G, right first gonopod, lateral surface; H, right first gonopod, sternal surface; I, right first gonopod, abdomino-mesial surface; J, right second gonopod, pleonal surface. Scale bar = 3.0 mm (A–C); 2.0 mm (D–F); 1.0 mm (G, J); 0.5 mm (H, I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD8762DFF21FF5E1DC9095F" blockId="7.[151,1436,150,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFF21FF5E1D7008F2" bold="true" box="[199,298,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Thus far known only from intertidal to shallow subtidal wave-washed rocky substrates (
|
||
<quantity id="6C569B46FFD8762DFAE7FF5F191208F3" box="[1281,1352,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1 m</quantity>
|
||
depth), including man-made jetties, especially from porous rocks eroded by sipunculans, burrowing bivalves, or boring sponges, there among (or in cavities beneath) epibiota dominated by calcareous and fleshy macroalgae, barnacles, or encrusting sponges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="FFD1662BFFD8762DFF71F9AA1F040E80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406797" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4406797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406797/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" startId="7.[151,250,1634,1658]" targetBox="[159,1418,320,1601]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD8762DFF71F9AA1F040E80" blockId="7.[151,1437,1634,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFF71F9AA1D490E39" bold="true" box="[151,275,1634,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD8762DFEFFF9AB1E410E39" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,539,1635,1659]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFEFFF9AB1E410E39" box="[281,539,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">Lithopanopeus truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFDC4F9AB1EF50E39" bold="true" box="[546,687,1635,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD8762DFDC4F9AB1EF50E39" box="[546,687,1635,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female paratype (USNM 1611099 = ULLZ 18401). A, right side of carapace, dorsal surface (setae not shown); B, major (right) cheliped, supero-internal surface; C, thoracic sternum, pleon lifted away to expose gonopores; D, pleon, external surface. Scale bars = 2.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E3B46528FFD87623FF21F9391D7C0BE7" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="434" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD87622FF21F9391E0B0958" blockId="7.[151,1437,1777,2019]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2044]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="433" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFF21F9391D610F49" bold="true" box="[199,315,1777,1803]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens herein assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD8762DFD45F9391F130F49" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[675,841,1777,1803]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFD45F9391F130F49" box="[675,841,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">Lithopanopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFCB2F9391FFC0F49" bold="true" box="[852,934,1777,1803]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD8762DFCB2F9391FFC0F49" box="[852,934,1777,1803]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
have in some previous molecular phylogenetic analyses shown affinities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD8762DFDF7F8DD1FA40F6D" authority="A. Milne-Edwards, 1880" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1880" box="[529,1022,1813,1839]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Glyptoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFDF7F8DD1EBB0F6D" box="[529,737,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">Glyptoplax smithii</emphasis>
|
||
A. Milne-Edwards, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of 12S rRNA sequences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD8762DFF79F8F11D200F11" author="Thoma, B. P. & Schubart, C. D. & Felder, D. L." box="[159,378,1849,1875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" pagination="551 - 565" refId="ref8024" refString="Thoma, B. P., Schubart, C. D. & Felder, D. L. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of the western Atlantic representatives of the genus Hexapanopeus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Panopeidae). In: Martin, J. W., Crandall, K. A. & Felder, D. L. (Eds.), Crustacean Issues: Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics. Taylor and Francis / CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 551 - 565." type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
Thoma
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFF11F8F21D730F11" box="[247,297,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2) or to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD8762DFDE8F8F21EEE0F11" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[526,692,1850,1875]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Hexapanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFDE8F8F21EEE0F11" box="[526,692,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">Hexapanopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD8762DFD5DF8F11E850F11" box="[699,735,1849,1875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD8762DFB69F8F119310F11" author="Thoma, B. P. & Schubart, C. D. & Felder, D. L." box="[1167,1387,1849,1875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" pagination="551 - 565" refId="ref8024" refString="Thoma, B. P., Schubart, C. D. & Felder, D. L. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of the western Atlantic representatives of the genus Hexapanopeus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Panopeidae). In: Martin, J. W., Crandall, K. A. & Felder, D. L. (Eds.), Crustacean Issues: Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics. Taylor and Francis / CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 551 - 565." type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
Thoma
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFB0EF8F219400F11" box="[1256,1306,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1). However, neither of those arrangements was well supported in later and much more robust analyses by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD8762DFAABF8951D400FD9" author="Thoma, B. P. & Guinot, D. & Felder, D. L." pageId="7" pageNumber="432" pagination="86 - 109" refId="ref7950" refString="Thoma, B. P., Guinot, D. & Felder, D. L. (2014) Evolutionary relationships among American mud crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial markers, with comments on adult morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170, 86 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12093" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Thoma
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFF71F84A1C950FD9" box="[151,207,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1), where the specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD8762DFD9EF8491F440FD9" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[632,798,1921,1947]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFD9EF8491F440FD9" box="[632,798,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">Lithopanopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFCC3F8491F290FD9" bold="true" box="[805,883,1921,1947]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD8762DFCC3F8491F290FD9" box="[805,883,1921,1947]" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(therein treated as “gen. nov., sp. nov. near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD8762DFABFF8491D360FFD" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitti">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFABFF8491D360FFD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">Acantholobulus schmitti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—ULLZ 8646”) was resolved with low Bayesian support as one of three well-separated lineages. Two other lineages formed a modestly supported subclade grouping
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD8762DFC6DF802184B0FA1" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1869" box="[907,1041,1994,2019]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Eucratopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD8762DFC6DF802184B0FA1" box="[907,1041,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">Eucratopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along with most members of
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD87622FABEF8021C9008F2" italics="true" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="433" pageId="7" pageNumber="432">Panopeus</emphasis>
|
||
(i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FEEAFF5F1D2008F2" box="[268,378,151,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Panopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FEEAFF5F1D2008F2" box="[268,378,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Panopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD77622FE67FF5F1DFF08F3" box="[385,421,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
of Thoma,
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FDCEFF5F1E3B08F3" box="[552,609,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014) and a well-supported subclade grouping of several (though not all) species currently assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FE3BFF731E250896" box="[477,639,187,212]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Eurypanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FE3BFF731E250896" box="[477,639,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Eurypanopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other than for this basal grouping, there was no significant support for close genetic relationship between the specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FD3AFF151FD808B5" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[732,898,221,247]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FD3AFF151FD808B5" box="[732,898,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Lithopanopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FC6CFF151F8308B5" bold="true" box="[906,985,221,247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD77622FC6CFF151F8308B5" box="[906,985,221,247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and any of the three genera represented in these topologically joined subclades.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD77622FF21FEEB1DC50AA6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">
|
||
Morphologically, all members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FDA7FEEC1EF5097F" box="[577,687,292,317]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Panopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FDA7FEEC1EF5097F" box="[577,687,292,317]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Panopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD77622FD51FEEC1E81097C" box="[695,731,292,318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
have a similar male first gonopod tip of a familiar trifid panopeid form with three divergent, clearly separated terminal processes, this feature also being shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FAF0FE8F19C60922" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1869" box="[1302,1436,327,352]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Eucratopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FAF0FE8F19C60922" box="[1302,1436,327,352]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Eucratopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as some other panopeid genera (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD77622FD98FEA21F2B09C7" author="Martin, J. W. & Abele, L. G." box="[638,881,362,389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" pagination="182 - 198" refId="ref7550" refString="Martin, J. W. & Abele, L. G. (1986) Notes on male pleopod morphology in the brachyuran crab family Panopeidae Ortmann, 1893, sensu Guinot (1978) (Decapoda). Crustaceana, 50, 182 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854086 X 00205" type="journal article" year="1986">Martin & Abele 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the three members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FB1CFEA319C609C6" box="[1274,1436,363,388]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Eurypanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FB1CFEA319C609C6" box="[1274,1436,363,388]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Eurypanopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that were grouped into an adjacent subclade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FD7CFE461F6509E5" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[666,831,397,423]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Eurypanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FD7CFE461F6509E5" box="[666,831,397,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">E. planissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FCA8FE461FAB09E5" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[846,1009,397,423]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Eurypanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FCA8FE461FAB09E5" box="[846,1009,397,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">E. abbreviatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FBD7FE46182409E5" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1930" box="[1073,1150,398,423]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Eurypanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FBD7FE46182409E5" box="[1073,1150,398,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">E. ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) share a male first gonopod tip of modified panopeid form with less pronounced separation of three terminal processes, perhaps expected given shallow lobiform to subquadrate anterolateral teeth that differ strikingly from those in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FB33FE1C191909AF" box="[1237,1347,468,493]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Panopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FB33FE1C191909AF" box="[1237,1347,468,493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Panopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD77622FAACFE1C193209AC" box="[1354,1384,468,494]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" sensu="stricto">s.s</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FEC2FE3F1D9C0A52" box="[292,454,503,528]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Eurypanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FEC2FE3F1D9C0A52" box="[292,454,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Eurypanopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FDAEFE3F1EB40A53" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[584,750,503,529]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FDAEFE3F1EB40A53" box="[584,750,503,529]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Lithopanopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FD10FE3F1F1E0A53" bold="true" box="[758,836,503,529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD77622FD10FE3F1F1E0A53" box="[758,836,503,529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The terminal configuration of the male first gonopod in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FF52FDD21D000A76" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[180,346,538,564]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FF52FDD21D000A76" box="[180,346,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Lithopanopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FE84FDD21DEB0A76" bold="true" box="[354,433,538,564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD77622FE84FDD21DEB0A76" box="[354,433,538,564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is of yet another highly modified panopeid form, but the gonopod trunk is also armed by a unique row of strikingly large teeth along much of its sternomesial margin, a feature found in no other known panopeid genus. While the general habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FD7EFDA81F640A38" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[664,830,608,634]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FD7EFDA81F640A38" box="[664,830,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Lithopanopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FCA0FDA81FCE0A38" bold="true" box="[838,916,608,634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD77622FCA0FDA81FCE0A38" box="[838,916,608,634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
resembles that in some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FAFFFDA819CF0A38" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1870" box="[1305,1429,608,634]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Glyptoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FAFFFDA819CF0A38" box="[1305,1429,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Glyptoplax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FF71FD4C1D670ADF" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,317,644,669]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Hexapanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FF71FD4C1D670ADF" box="[151,317,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Hexapanopeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FE9AFD4B1E760ADF" authorityName="Felder & Martin" authorityYear="2003" box="[380,556,643,669]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FE9AFD4B1E760ADF" box="[380,556,643,669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Acantholobulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this character of the first gonopod trunk, along with striking differences in its terminal configuration, readily distinguishes it from all known members of these genera (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD77622FB43FD6F19CD0A83" author="Martin, J. W. & Abele, L. G." box="[1189,1431,679,705]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" pagination="182 - 198" refId="ref7550" refString="Martin, J. W. & Abele, L. G. (1986) Notes on male pleopod morphology in the brachyuran crab family Panopeidae Ortmann, 1893, sensu Guinot (1978) (Decapoda). Crustaceana, 50, 182 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854086 X 00205" type="journal article" year="1986">Martin & Abele 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD77622FF71FD021DC90AA6" author="Felder, D. L. & Martin, J. W." box="[151,403,714,740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" pagination="438 - 452" refId="ref7487" refString="Felder, D. L. & Martin, J. W. (2003) Establishment of a new genus for Panopeus bermudensis Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, and several other xanthoid crabs from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Crustacea: Decapoda: Xanthoidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116, 438 - 452." type="journal article" year="2003">Felder & Martin 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD77622FF21FD25194C0D79" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">
|
||
So far as known, the habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FDCAFD251F100B45" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[556,842,749,775]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FDCAFD251F100B45" box="[556,842,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Lithopanopeus truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FCB4FD251FAA0B45" bold="true" box="[850,1008,749,775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD77622FCB4FD251FAA0B45" box="[850,1008,749,775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, is restricted to eroded rocky or other hard substrates of intertidal and shallow subtidal warm-temperate to tropical waters of the western Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="696AF841FFD77622FAA6FCD819C20B68" box="[1344,1432,784,810]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, particularly where date mussels identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FD68FCFB18BC0B0C" authority="(d'Orbigny, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[654,1254,819,846]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Leiosolenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FD68FCFB1FD60B0F" box="[654,908,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Leiosolenus bisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
(d’Orbigny, 1853) (Mytilidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sipunculans assignable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FEFEFC9F18760B30" authority="(Grube & Oersted, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Grube & Oersted" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[280,1068,854,882]" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Antillesoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FEFEFC9F1E410B33" box="[280,539,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Antillesoma antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
(Grube & Oersted, 1858) (Phascolosomatidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and unidentified boring sponges have heavily eroded limestone or other penetrable substrates. While it is unknown whether the association of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FA60FCB31D5D0BF5" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FA60FCB31D5D0BF5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">L. truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FEE9FC551DFD0BF5" bold="true" box="[271,423,925,951]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">n. gen, n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
with these burrowers is to any degree obligate, most specimens of this new species were taken from cavities abandoned or occupied by these burrowers beneath epibiota covering rock surfaces. Other small panopeid crab species broken from such porous jetty rocks at Brazos Santiago,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="696AF841FFD77622FBEEFC2C18160BBC" box="[1032,1100,996,1022]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, where the sampled substrates were limestone rocks serving as fill between large granite boulders, included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FBC7FBCF19300C63" baseAuthorityName="Benedict & Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1057,1386,1031,1057]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bermudensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FBC7FBCF19300C63" box="[1057,1386,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Acantholobulus bermudensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FF71FBE31E060C06" authority="Rathbun, 1930" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,604,1066,1092]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Hexapanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FF71FBE31DF40C06" box="[151,430,1066,1092]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Hexapanopeus paulensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD77622FE53FBE21E060C06" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[437,604,1066,1092]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" pagination="1 - 609" refId="ref7753" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1930) The cancroid crabs of America of the families Euryalidae, Portunidae, Atelecyclidae, Cancridae and Xanthidae. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 152, i-xvi + 1 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.152. i" type="journal article" year="1930">Rathbun, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with occasional juvenile specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FBBCFBE31C950C25" authority="Rathbun, 1930" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1930" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Eurypanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FBBCFBE3196A0C06" box="[1114,1328,1067,1092]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Eurypanopeus ater</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD77622FAD0FBE21C950C25" author="Rathbun, M. J." pageId="8" pageNumber="433" pagination="1 - 609" refId="ref7753" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1930) The cancroid crabs of America of the families Euryalidae, Portunidae, Atelecyclidae, Cancridae and Xanthidae. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 152, i-xvi + 1 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.152. i" type="journal article" year="1930">Rathbun, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(though the latter were more commonly found as adults burrowed beneath shoreward intertidal stones on sand). Small non-panopeid brachyurans also broken from these cavities or found to occupy lower strata of overlying epibiota included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FEB9FB5B18600CEC" authority="(A. Milne-Edwards, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[351,1082,1171,1198]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Pseudomedaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agassizii">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FEB9FB5B1E260CEF" box="[351,636,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Pseudomedaeus agassizii</emphasis>
|
||
(A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) (Xanthidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FBA3FB5B1C880C93" authority="Kingsley, 1879" authorityName="Kingsley" authorityYear="1879" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dasypodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FBA3FB5B19710CEF" box="[1093,1323,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Pilumnus dasypodus</emphasis>
|
||
Kingsley, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FF39FB7F1F5D0C90" authority="Rathbun, 1896" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1896" box="[223,775,1207,1234]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pannosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FF39FB7F1DE10C92" box="[223,443,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Pilumnus pannosus</emphasis>
|
||
Rathbun, 1896 (Pilumnidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FC37FB7F1D6E0CB7" authority="Williams & Felder, 1986" authorityName="Williams & Felder" authorityYear="1986" class="Malacostraca" family="Menippidae" genus="Menippe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adina">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FC37FB7F18210C93" box="[977,1147,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Menippe adina</emphasis>
|
||
Williams & Felder, 1986 (Menippidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other small brachyurans that were usually more broadly distributed and less commonly found in this microhabitat were the majoid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FE0DFB3518DA0D5A" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1834" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1834" box="[491,1152,1277,1304]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epialtidae" genus="Acanthonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiverii">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FE0DFB351E8E0D55" box="[491,724,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Acanthonyx petiverii</emphasis>
|
||
H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (Epialtidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along with the grapsoids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FF71FAE81E2D0D79" authority="(de Saussure, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[151,631,1312,1339]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Pachygrapsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FF71FAE81DC90D78" box="[151,403,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Pachygrapsus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
(de Saussure, 1858)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FD4BFAE819480D79" authority="(Gibbes, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Gibbes" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[685,1298,1312,1339]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Pachygrapsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FD4BFAE81F8E0D78" box="[685,980,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Pachygrapsus transversus</emphasis>
|
||
(Gibbes, 1850) (Grapsidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD77622FF21FA8B18AB0FB9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">
|
||
Given that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FEA1FA8B1E3C0D1F" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[327,614,1347,1373]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FEA1FA8B1E3C0D1F" box="[327,614,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Lithopanopeus truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FD88FA8C1F540D1C" bold="true" box="[622,782,1348,1374]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD77622FD88FA8C1F540D1C" box="[622,782,1348,1374]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in shoreline habitats that have been the subject of varied regional surveys since the 1930s (for example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD77622FD14FAAF1F900DC3" author="Whitten, H. L. & Rosene, H. F. & Hedgpeth, J. W." box="[754,970,1382,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" pagination="53 - 87" refId="ref8118" refString="Whitten, H. L., Rosene, H. F. & Hedgpeth, J. W. (1950) Invertebrate fauna of the Texas coast jetties; a preliminary survey. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, University of Texas, 1 (2), 53 - 87." type="journal article" year="1950">
|
||
Whitten
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FCB5FAAF1FD10DC3" box="[851,907,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1950
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) it may seem remarkable that this species has gone unreported to date, which thus suggests it could possibly represent a recent introduction. While we cannot exclude this possibility, the species has clearly been established in south Texas for over four decades, and has over that time period remained a minor but persistent component of the assemblage of small brachyurans that populates fouled shoreline hard substrates of anthropogenic origin. More probable than an introduction, we suspect the species colonized south Texas rock jetties that were maintained over the last century to buttress margins of inlets along what are otherwise uninterrupted sandy beaches that line almost all of the Texas shoreline.As the species also occurs further to the south on natural rocky ledges at Playa de la Mancha,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="696AF841FFD77622FC93F9961F860E3A" box="[885,988,1630,1656]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D3B97633FFD77622FC03F99518670E35" box="[997,1085,1629,1655]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northbound longshore currents could easily have provided larval recruits to the more northerly jetties. As to why this xanthoid was not previously recognized at either extreme of the range, specimens from western Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D3B97633FFD77622FC06F96B186C0EFF" box="[992,1078,1699,1725]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
shoreline waters of south Texas and northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D3B97633FFD77622FEBBF90F1DE90EA3" box="[349,435,1735,1761]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
were not well represented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD77622FCEAF90F1F9B0EA3" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[780,961,1735,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" pagination="1 - 609" refId="ref7753" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1930) The cancroid crabs of America of the families Euryalidae, Portunidae, Atelecyclidae, Cancridae and Xanthidae. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 152, i-xvi + 1 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.152. i" type="journal article" year="1930">Rathbun (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and little other contemporary taxonomic expertise was focused on small xanthoid crabs of hard substrates. For example, the sympatric and now regionally familiar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD77622FECDF8C51E2B0F65" baseAuthorityName="Benedict & Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[299,625,1805,1831]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bermudensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FECDF8C51E2B0F65" box="[299,625,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Acantholobulus bermudensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not reported from the northwestern Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D3B97633FFD77622FB47F8C518AD0F65" box="[1185,1271,1805,1831]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
until tentative identification by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD77622FEBCF8F81DAC0F08" author="Felder, D. L." box="[346,502,1840,1866]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" refId="ref7323" refString="Felder, D. L. (1973) An annotated key to crabs and lobsters (Decapoda: Reptantia) from coastal waters of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Publications of the Center for Wetland Resources, LSU-SG- 73 - 02. Center for Wetland Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 103 pp., 179 figs." type="book" year="1973">Felder (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, that report being from a commonly sampled rock jetty fronting on long-establish marine laboratory. When the identity was later confirmed by synoptic comparison to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="74158801FFD77622FB90F89C18FC0F2C" box="[1142,1190,1876,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(DLF, 1974), a single prior collection was found to have been taken from Texas in 1966 (USNM 113636) and identified by H.B. Roberts, though never published. The species is, however, now widely documented from throughout appropriate habitats in coastal waters of the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D3B97633FFD77622FE06F8751E6C0F95" box="[480,566,1981,2007]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD77622FDA2F8751F1B0F95" author="Felder, D. L. & Martin, J. W." box="[580,833,1981,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" pagination="438 - 452" refId="ref7487" refString="Felder, D. L. & Martin, J. W. (2003) Establishment of a new genus for Panopeus bermudensis Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, and several other xanthoid crabs from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Crustacea: Decapoda: Xanthoidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116, 438 - 452." type="journal article" year="2003">Felder & Martin 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD77622FCA8F87518400F95" author="Felder, D. L. & Alvarez, F. & Goy, J. W. & Lemaitre, R." box="[846,1050,1981,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="433" refId="ref7388" refString="Felder, D. L., Alvarez, F., Goy, J. W. & Lemaitre, R. (2009) Chapter 59: Decapoda (Crustacea) of the Gulf of Mexico, with comments on the Amphionidacea. In: Felder, D. L. & Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota. Vol. 1. Biodiversity. Texas A & M University Press, College Station, Texas, pp. 1019 - 1104." type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Felder
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD77622FC7BF8761F940F95" box="[925,974,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="433">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Most likely it was overlooked or unrecognized in the course of early studies, much as in the case of present newly described species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD67623FF21FF5F19CA0A8F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">
|
||
Among its ecological associates,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FDA2FF5F1F3908F3" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[580,867,151,177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FDA2FF5F1F3908F3" box="[580,867,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">Lithopanopeus truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FC8AFF5F185708F3" bold="true" box="[876,1037,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD67623FC8AFF5F185708F3" box="[876,1037,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
most resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FB29FF5F192408F3" baseAuthorityName="Benedict & Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1231,1406,151,177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bermudensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FB29FF5F192408F3" box="[1231,1406,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">A. bermudensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in habitus, especially in terms of general carapace surface appearance and proportions, relative pereopod lengths and weights, presence of a distal furrow on the cheliped carpus, and (typically) presence of a lobiform basal tooth on the dactylus of the major chela. While differences in color for some specimens originally suggested that a second species was mixed among collections thought to all represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FCCDFEEF1F820903" baseAuthorityName="Benedict & Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[811,984,295,321]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bermudensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FCCDFEEF1F820903" box="[811,984,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">A. bermudensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the ranges of color variation in the two species, as now understood, are too great for color-based separations. However, distinguishing males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FAC4FE831CE909CB" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FAC4FE831CE909CB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">L. truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FF5DFEA71D0009CB" bold="true" box="[187,346,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD67623FF5DFEA71D0009CB" box="[187,346,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is, as previously noted, easily based on the unique heavy dentition of its first gonopod trunk, as well as its lack of the distinctive thorny median lobe of the of the gonopod tip found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FB88FE5B194109EF" baseAuthorityName="Benedict & Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1134,1307,403,429]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bermudensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FB88FE5B194109EF" box="[1134,1307,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">A. bermudensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, diagnostic for members of the latter genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD67623FDE5FE7F1F5A0993" author="Felder, D. L. & Martin, J. W." box="[515,768,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" pagination="438 - 452" refId="ref7487" refString="Felder, D. L. & Martin, J. W. (2003) Establishment of a new genus for Panopeus bermudensis Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, and several other xanthoid crabs from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Crustacea: Decapoda: Xanthoidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116, 438 - 452." type="journal article" year="2003">Felder & Martin 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, specimens of either sex for these species can be distinguished by the degree of separation between the first and second anterolateral teeth. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FB0AFE13192609B7" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[1260,1404,475,501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FB0AFE13192609B7" box="[1260,1404,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">L. truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FA60FE131D4E0A5B" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD67623FA60FE131D4E0A5B" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the first tooth (outer orbital angle) is separated from the lobiform second tooth by a distinct sinus, much deeper than the shallow to all but absent depression in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FD14FDEB1FC40A7F" baseAuthorityName="Benedict & Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[754,926,547,573]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bermudensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FD14FDEB1FC40A7F" box="[754,926,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">A. bermudensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which usually has these teeth closely merged if not all but entirely fused. Furthermore, the carapace front in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FCB7FD8F1FA40A23" baseAuthorityName="Benedict & Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[849,1022,583,609]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bermudensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FCB7FD8F1FA40A23" box="[849,1022,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">A. bermudensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typically bimarginate, not the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FF52FDA31D180AC7" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[180,322,619,645]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FF52FDA31D180AC7" box="[180,322,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">L. truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FEAFFDA31DBE0AC7" bold="true" box="[329,484,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD67623FEAFFDA31DBE0AC7" box="[329,484,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The species can also be distinguished by upper surface sculpture of the cheliped carpus, which in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FED0FD471D9E0AEB" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[310,452,655,681]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FED0FD471D9E0AEB" box="[310,452,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">L. truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FE2DFD471E320AEB" bold="true" box="[459,616,655,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD67623FE2DFD471E320AEB" box="[459,616,655,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a variably defined pair of tuberculiform elevations aligned along the proximal limits of the distal furrow, these being absent from the proximal border of the furrow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FB3AFD7B19D30A8F" baseAuthorityName="Benedict & Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1244,1417,691,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Acantholobulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bermudensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FB3AFD7B19D30A8F" box="[1244,1417,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">A. bermudensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB1136A3FFD67623FF21FD1F1D7C0BE7" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">
|
||
Characters other than the distinctive male first gonopods also separate the often sympatric panopeid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FABEFD1F1D290B57" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1930" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Hexapanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FABEFD1F1D290B57" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">Hexapanopeus paulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FE51FD331E1E0B57" authority="Felder & Thoma, 2020" authorityName="Felder & Thoma" authorityYear="2020" box="[439,580,763,789]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Lithopanopeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truesdalei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FE51FD331E1E0B57" box="[439,580,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">L. truesdalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FDACFD331EB60B57" bold="true" box="[586,748,763,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82E957CAFFD67623FDACFD331EBF0B57" box="[586,741,763,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
even though both have the sinus between the first and second anterolateral teeth well-defined, a distal furrow present on the cheliped carpus, and a lobiform basal tooth on the dactylus of the chela. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CAE4D20FFD67623FE4EFC8B1E690B1F" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1930" box="[424,563,835,861]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Hexapanopeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DAEAB1FFD67623FE4EFC8B1E690B1F" box="[424,563,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="434">H. paulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the second anterolateral tooth is typically more angular than lobiform and the carpus of the cheliped very uniquely has 8–15 tubercles on its upper surface proximal to the distal furrow (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD67623FAD3FCAF1C880BE7" author="Williams, A. B." pageId="9" pageNumber="434" pagination="1 - 298" refId="ref8174" refString="Williams, A. B. (1965) Marine decapod crustaceans of the Carolinas. Fishery Bulletin, U. S., 65, i-xi + 1 - 298." type="journal article" year="1965">Williams 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3F4B52FFD67623FF3BFC431D430BE7" author="Williams, A. B." box="[221,281,907,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="434" refId="ref8206" refString="Williams, A. B. (1984) Shrimps, Lobsters, and Crabs of the Atlantic Coast of the Eastern United States, Maine to Florida. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 550 pp." type="book" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |