1683 lines
144 KiB
XML
1683 lines
144 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844" ID-PMC="PMC5029140" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-69-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF4FFB1FFCCE653164CE438B57EFFB7" ID-PubMed="27698584" ID-Zenodo-Dep="147294" ModsDocID="1314-2003-69-51" checkinTime="1472156041182" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wood, Kennetah R., Appelhans, Marc S. & Wagner, Warren L." docDate="2016" docId="153A842BD5AC52558B308D3AD331C3F9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 69: 51-64" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 69" docPubDate="2016-08-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844" docTitle="Melicope oppenheimeri K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFF4FFB1FFCCE653164CE438B57EFFB7" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FFF4FFB1FFCCE653164CE438B57EFFB7" masterDocTitle="Melicope oppenheimeri, section Pelea (Rutaceae), a new species from West Maui, Hawaiian Islands: with notes on its ecology, conservation, and phylogenetic placement" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1668141785345" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Melicope oppenheimeri, section Pelea (Rutaceae), a new species from West Maui, Hawaiian Islands: with notes on its ecology, conservation, and phylogenetic placement</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Wood, Kennetah R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, HI 96741, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Appelhans, Marc S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany & Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Wagner, Warren L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2016-08-25</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>69</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>51</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>64</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-69-51</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFF4FFB1FFCCE653164CE438B57EFFB7</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">147294</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226850" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153A842BD5AC52558B308D3AD331C3F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/153A842BD5AC52558B308D3AD331C3F9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="153A842B-D5AC-5255-8B30-8D3AD331C3F9" authority="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Sapindales" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri" status="sp. nov.">Melicope oppenheimeri K.R. Wood, Appelhans & W.L. Wagner</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="52">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Melicope oppenheimeri K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner. A Flowering branch, Oppenheimer & Hansen H 20505 (PTBG) B Inflorescence C Undehisced fruit, showing beaked carpels D Fruit, partly open E Fruit, fully opened F Fruit endocarp showing venation and hairs B-F from Oppenheimer & Miller H 90609 (PTBG) (Illustration by Alice Tangerini)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100491" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Habit of Melicope oppenheimeri (Oppenheimer & Miller H 90609). Photo by H. Oppenheimer, 12 Sep 2006." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100494" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Melicope oppenheimeri A Flowers B Fruit, showing beaked carpels (Oppenheimer & Miller H 90609). Photos by H. Oppenheimer, 12 Sep 2006." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100495" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Differs from Hawaiian congeners by its combination of leaves having 7-10 pair of secondary veins; cymes to 3 cm long; peduncles 5-6.5 mm long; flowers perfect; carpels basally connate 1/5, narrowed into a strongly reflexed beak 10-15 mm long, capsules 4-9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
40-52 mm; and ovary appressed densely short-sericeous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" country="United States of America" county="Waihe'e Valley" location="Hawaiian Islands" municipality="Wailuku District" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">United States of America</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153A842BD5AC52558B308D3AD331C3F9:70C78E179921EBDA5CC2B90B9CD7326B" country="United States of America" county="Waihe'e Valley" municipality="Wailuku District" name="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153A842BD5AC52558B308D3AD331C3F9:D03E2D53895031FCE803071E0BBE9656" country="United States of America" county="Waihe'e Valley" municipality="Wailuku District" name="West Maui">West Maui</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Wailuku District</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Waihe‘e">Waihe'e</normalizedToken>
|
||
Valley
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros polymorpha subsp. var. var. glaberrima" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="polymorpha" subSpecies="var." variety="glaberrima">Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Cheirodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cheirodendron trigynum" order="Apiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trigynum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Cheirodendron trigynum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wet forest
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="H90609" collectingDate="2006-09-12" collectorName="Hank Oppenheimer, Jill Miller" country="United States of America" elevation="770" latitude="20.9025" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-156.56583" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="54.15" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="20.9025">20°54.15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="156" direction="west" minutes="33.95" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-156.56583">156°33.95'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" unit="m" value="770.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" unit="m" value="770.0">770 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2006-09-12">12 Sep 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<collectorName>Hank Oppenheimer</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Jill Miller</collectorName>
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/H90609">H90609</accessionNumber>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: PTBG-070667; isotypes: BISH,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Trees</emphasis>
|
||
3-4 m tall, bark medium brown, young branchlets light brown, glabrate, 3-6 mm wide in third internode, terminal branchlets yellowish brown tomentose with a waxy scurf.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
opposite, unifoliolate, coriaceous, the blade obovate to broadly elliptic, occasionally orbicular, 5-17.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.5-8.5 cm, the margin entire, the base rounded to obtuse, the apex rounded, obtuse to acute, or emarginate, secondary veins usually 7-10 pairs, connected by a moderately arched vein 2-11 mm from margin with higher order venation reticulate, both surfaces glabrous, occasionally glabrate along midrib of abaxial surface, young leaves glabrate to sparsely puberulent on lower surface; petiole shallowly canaliculate, 10-30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-3 mm at middle, glabrate.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Flowers</emphasis>
|
||
: perfect, 3-5 in axillary cymes up to 3 cm long, peduncles 5-6.5 mm long, sparsely short-puberulent, pedicles 5-8 mm, short-puberulent, bracteoles 1.5-3 mm long, sepals broadly ovate, tip short acuminate, externally sparsely short-puberulent, glabrous within, 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5-2.8 mm, connate basally 1/4 to 1/3 of length; petals tinged purple, narrowly ovate, lanceolate, 6-8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5-3 mm, glabrous internally and externally, tips recurved, nectary disk with sparsely scattered hairs; ovary densely appressed short-sericeous; style ca. 1.7 mm long, with finely appressed hairs; stigma capitate, four lobed, glabrous; stamens 8, filaments glabrous, the antesepalous ones 5-7 mm long, antepetalous ones 4-5 mm long, all with pollen.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Capsules</emphasis>
|
||
purple tinged when fresh, 4-9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
40-52 mm, carpels connate basally for ca. 1/5 their length, narrowed into a strongly reflexed beak 10-15 mm long, exocarp glabrate with few hairs widely spaced over surface, endocarp sparsely to evenly puberulent.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
2 per carpel, ovoid, 5-9 mm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
To date,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been observed with flower buds in January and August, with flowers at anthesis during September, and with fruit during January, February, May, August, September, and November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">We are pleased to name this new species in honor of Hank Oppenheimer, botanist with the Maui Nui Plant Extinction Prevention Program, who collected the type specimen and has made many valuable contributions to the understanding and conservation of the Hawaiian flora.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="53" start="start">Specimens</pageBreakToken>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1998-08-08" collectorName="Wood, Perlman" country="United States" county="Wailuku District" elevation="770" latitude="20.9025" location="Kahoolewa Ridge" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-156.56583" municipality="Waihe'e Valley" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands, West Maui">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion>Hawaiian Islands, West Maui</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Wailuku District</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Waihe‘e">Waihe'e</normalizedToken>
|
||
Valley
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, south side, below and north of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153A842BD5AC52558B308D3AD331C3F9:443B204463A55CE3555B861FEDE0BAA4" country="United States" county="Wailuku District" latitude="20.9025" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-156.56583" municipality="Waihe'e Valley" name="Kahoolewa Ridge" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands, West Maui">Kahoolewa Ridge</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="54.15" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="20.9025">20°54.15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="156" direction="west" minutes="33.95" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-156.56583">156°33.95'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" unit="m" value="770.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" unit="m" value="770.0">770 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1998-08-08">8 Aug 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectorName>Wood</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Perlman</collectorName>
|
||
7408
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BISH, PTBG, US)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1998-08-09" collectorName="Perlman, Wood" country="United States of America" county="Wailuku District" elevation="770" latitude="20.9025" location="Kahoolewa Ridge" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-156.56583" municipality="Waihe'e Valley" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands, West Maui">
|
||
loc. cit.,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1998-08-09">9 Aug 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectorName>Perlman</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Wood</collectorName>
|
||
16,338
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CANB, PTBG)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1998-08-10" collectorName="Wood, Perlman" country="United States of America" county="Wailuku District" elevation="770" latitude="20.9025" location="Kahoolewa Ridge" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-156.56583" municipality="Waihe'e Valley" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands, West Maui">
|
||
loc. cit.,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1998-08-10">10 AUG 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectorName>Wood</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Perlman</collectorName>
|
||
7419
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BISH, PTBG, US)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-02-15" collectorName="Oppenheimer, Hansen H" country="United States of America" county="Wailuku District" elevation="770" latitude="20.9025" location="Kahoolewa Ridge" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-156.56583" municipality="Waihe'e Valley" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands, West Maui">
|
||
loc. cit.,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2005-02-15">15 Feb 2005</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectorName>Oppenheimer</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Hansen H</collectorName>
|
||
20,505
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BISH, PTBG, US)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-05-19" collectorName="Perlman, Oppenheimer" country="United States of America" county="Wailuku District" elevation="770" latitude="20.9025" location="Kahoolewa Ridge" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-156.56583" municipality="Waihe'e Valley" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands, West Maui">
|
||
loc. cit.,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2009-05-19">19 May 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectorName>Perlman</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Oppenheimer</collectorName>
|
||
21,642
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(PTBG)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The following couplets can be inserted into the existing key to Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Pelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pelea" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pelea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by Stone, Wagner, and Herbst (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, WL" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawai'i Press" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="1855 - 1918" refId="B21" refString="Wagner, WL, Herbst, DR, Sohmer, SH, 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i. University of Hawai'i Press: 1855 - 1918" title="Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i" year="1999">Wagner et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 1179-1182) to accommodate
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<table inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">19(18)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Exocarp sparsely to densely puberulent or tomentose, at least toward base or along suture</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">20</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Exocarp glabrous or glabrate, sometimes with a few hairs widely spaced over surface (49).</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">49</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">49(19)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Endocarp densely and uniformly short-villous; K</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope cruciata" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cruciata">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope cruciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">49</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Endocarp glabrous or sparsely puberulent, especially along suture</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">50</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">50(49)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Leaves ternate; O</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope lydgatei" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lydgatei">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope lydgatei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">50</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Leaves opposite.</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">51</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">51(50)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
Most petioles
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">0-10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">52</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">51</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
Most petioles over
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">58</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">58(51)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Ovary sparsely to densely puberulent or tomentulose, but exocarp glabrate or nearly so in fruit</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">59</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">58</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Ovary and exocarp glabrous</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">60</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">59(58)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
Flowers perfect, carpels narrowed into a reflexed beak
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10-15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; WM
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">59</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Flowers unisexual, carpels straight or somewhat reflexed, apex not beaked</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">59a</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">59a(59)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
Capsules (16-)25-40(-50) mm wide, carpels connate 1/4-1/3 their length; pedicels
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5-20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; L, EM, H
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope volcanica" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volcanica">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope volcanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">59a</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
Capsules
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.1" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="11.0">11-20 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, carpels connate (1/3-)1/2 their length or more; pedicels
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; K, O
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope wawraeana" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wawraeana">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope wawraeana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Although seven trees of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been documented since its discovery in 1998, only three trees are still surviving in the upper headwaters of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Waihe‘e">Waihe'e</normalizedToken>
|
||
Valley, West Maui (Figures
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Map of Maui, Hawai'i showing location of Melicope oppenheimeri in upper Waihe'e Valley." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100492" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map of upper Waihe'e Valley, West Maui, with red dot indicating the location of Melicope oppenheimeri on the cliff-base plateau region." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100493" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). No trees have yet been located outside of the type locality and access to the site has only been by helicopter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="981487" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100491" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
K.R. Wood, Appelhans & W.L. Wagner.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering branch,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Oppenheimer & Hansen H20505</emphasis>
|
||
(PTBG)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
|
||
Inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
|
||
Undehisced fruit, showing beaked carpels
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
|
||
Fruit, partly open
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
|
||
Fruit, fully opened
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">F</emphasis>
|
||
Fruit endocarp showing venation and hairs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">B-F</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Oppenheimer & Miller H90609</emphasis>
|
||
(PTBG) (Illustration by Alice Tangerini).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="981489" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100492" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of Maui,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai‘i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
showing location of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in upper
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Waihe‘e">Waihe'e</normalizedToken>
|
||
Valley.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="981491" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100493" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of upper
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Waihe‘e">Waihe'e</normalizedToken>
|
||
Valley, West Maui, with red dot indicating the location of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the cliff-base plateau region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="981493" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100494" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Habit of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Oppenheimer & Miller H90609</emphasis>
|
||
). Photo by H. Oppenheimer, 12 Sep 2006.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The plant communities of upper
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Waihe‘e">Waihe'e</normalizedToken>
|
||
Valley are varied and merge together in and around the 0.25 km2 cliff-base plateau region where trees of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur. The plateau itself represents a relictual low statured
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Metrosideros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Banks ex Gaertn. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)-
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Cheirodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cheirodendron" order="Apiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Cheirodendron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nutt. ex Seem. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Apiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) lowland wet forest community. Other relic native components of the plateau include ferns such as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Filicopsida" family="Aspleniaceae" genus="Asplenium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Asplenium lobulatum" order="Aspidiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Filicinophyta" rank="species" species="lobulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Asplenium lobulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mett. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Filicopsida" family="Aspleniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Aspidiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Filicinophyta" rank="family">Aspleniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium glaucum" order="Cyatheales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaucum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Cibotium glaucum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sm.) Hook. & Arn. (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kaulfuss" authorityYear="1820" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Cyatheales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cibotiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Copel" authorityYear="1947" baseAuthorityName="Brack." class="Bryopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Ctenitis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ctenitis latifrons" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="54" start="start">Ctenitis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
latifrons
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Brack.) Copel. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="family">Dryopteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Diels" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Presl" class="Filicopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Diplazium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplazium sandwichianum" order="Aspidiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="sandwichianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Diplazium sandwichianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C. Presl) Diels (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Filicopsida" family="Athyriaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Aspidiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="family">Athyriaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), two endemic genera of ferns, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Adenophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenophorus" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Adenophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gaudich. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Polypodiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Sadleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sadleria" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Monilophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Sadleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kaulf. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Blechnaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Monilophyta" rank="family">Blechnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), along with herbs, shrubs, and small trees including
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Antidesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antidesma platyphylla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="platyphylla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Antidesma platyphylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
H. Mann (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Phyllanthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eudicots" family="Hydrangeaceae" genus="Broussaisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Broussaisia arguta" order="Cornales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="arguta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Broussaisia arguta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gaudich. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eudicots" family="Hydrangeaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Cornales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Hydrangeaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coprosma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coprosma pubens" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Coprosma pubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A. Gray (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dubautia plantaginea" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plantaginea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Dubautia plantaginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gaudich. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Peperomia hirtipetiola" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtipetiola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Peperomia hirtipetiola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C. DC. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and various species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Clermontia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clermontia" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Clermontia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gaudich.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Cyanea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyanea" order="Campanulales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Cyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gaudich. (both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Cyrtandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gesneriaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Steeper ridges and slopes that edge the plateau are dominated by matting ferns of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Filicopsida" family="Gleicheniaceae" genus="Dicranopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dicranopteris" order="Gleicheniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Dicranopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bernh.(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Filicopsida" family="Gleicheniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gleicheniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="family">Gleicheniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, KR" journalOrPublisher="National Tropical Botanical Garden Biological" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" refId="B22" refString="Wood, KR, 1997. Checklist of vascular plants of Kaho'olewa Ridge, West Maui, Pu'u Kukui to Kapohue (1585-1770 m elev. National Tropical Botanical Garden Biological" title="Checklist of vascular plants of Kaho'olewa Ridge, West Maui, Pu'u Kukui to Kapohue (1585 - 1770 m elev." year="1997">Wood 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Unfortunately, past habitat degradation by introduced pigs (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Sus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sus scrofa" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scrofa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Sus scrofa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) has altered the plant composition of the plateau, which is now being dominated by a succession of invasive weeds, which threaten
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ageratina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ageratina adenophora" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adenophora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Ageratina adenophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lour" authorityYear="1790" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Buddleja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Buddleja asiatica" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="asiatica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Buddleja asiatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lour. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Scrophulariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Scrophulariaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Clidemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clidemia hirta" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Clidemia hirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) D. Don (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D.Don" authorityYear="1823" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Erigeron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erigeron karvinskianus" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karvinskianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Erigeron karvinskianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
DC. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Tibouchina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tibouchina herbacea" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="herbacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Tibouchina herbacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DC.) Cogn. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, KR" journalOrPublisher="National Tropical Botanical Garden Biological" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" refId="B22" refString="Wood, KR, 1997. Checklist of vascular plants of Kaho'olewa Ridge, West Maui, Pu'u Kukui to Kapohue (1585-1770 m elev. National Tropical Botanical Garden Biological" title="Checklist of vascular plants of Kaho'olewa Ridge, West Maui, Pu'u Kukui to Kapohue (1585 - 1770 m elev." year="1997">Wood 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Towering over the plateau and most outstanding, are vertical caldera-like basalt cliffs dominated by a native sedge and grass association called
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Machaerina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Machaerina" order="Cyperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Machaerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vahl (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Cyperaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Cyperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)-
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Deschampsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Deschampsia" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Deschampsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
P. Beauv. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) wet cliff community. The cliffs are seeping with springs and waterfalls and strata of past volcanic flows are clearly evident. Additional components of this
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Waihe‘e">Waihe'e</normalizedToken>
|
||
cliff community include
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Sadleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sadleria pallida" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Monilophyta" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Sadleria pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="55" start="start">Hook</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. & Arn.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pipturus albidus" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albidus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Pipturus albidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook. & Arn.) A. Gray (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eragrostis grandis" order="Graminales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Eragrostis grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hillebr.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Munro ex Hillebr" authorityYear="1888" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Isachne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isachne distichophylla" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="distichophylla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Isachne distichophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Munro ex Hillebr. (both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dubautia scabra" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Dubautia scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DC.) D.D. Keck.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Superb examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Metrosideros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Cheirodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cheirodendron" order="Apiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Cheirodendron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
montane wet forest dominate above these cliffs in association with windswept wet shrublands and occasional bog communities in and around the locality known as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kaho‘olewa">Kaho'olewa</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ridge (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, KR" journalOrPublisher="National Tropical Botanical Garden Biological" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" refId="B22" refString="Wood, KR, 1997. Checklist of vascular plants of Kaho'olewa Ridge, West Maui, Pu'u Kukui to Kapohue (1585-1770 m elev. National Tropical Botanical Garden Biological" title="Checklist of vascular plants of Kaho'olewa Ridge, West Maui, Pu'u Kukui to Kapohue (1585 - 1770 m elev." year="1997">Wood 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At the base of the cliffs, which enclose the southern perimeter of the plateau lie heaps of basalt talus with accumulated substrates which are moderately deep in sections and appear to be fine textured brown silty clay.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The forests spreading below the plateau are composed of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Metrosideros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mixed lowland riparian vegetation, which are closed to open in canopy and dissected by deeply
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="56" start="start">carved</pageBreakToken>
|
||
streams with steep banks 10-30 m in height. The native flora of this lower riparian community has similarities to the cliff-base plateau but with a greater diversity, including
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Aquifoliaceae" genus="Ilex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ilex anomala" order="Celastrales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Ilex anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hook. & Arn. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Aquifoliaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Celastrales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Aquifoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipentodontaceae" genus="Perrottetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Perrottetia sandwicensis" order="Huerteales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Perrottetia sandwicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A. Gray (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipentodontaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Huerteales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Dipentodontaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lowry & G. M. Plunkett" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="A. Gray" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Polyscias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polyscias oahuensis" order="Apiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Polyscias oahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A. Gray) Lowry & G.M. Plunkett (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Apiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rock" authorityYear="1921" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pritchardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pritchardia forbesiana" order="Principes" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="forbesiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Pritchardia forbesiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rock (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Arecaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Principes" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), along with species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Kadua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kadua" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Kadua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cham. & Schltdl. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Primulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Myrsine</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Primulaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Primulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Primulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psychotria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psychotria" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Psychotria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, KR" journalOrPublisher="National Tropical Botanical Garden Biological" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" refId="B22" refString="Wood, KR, 1997. Checklist of vascular plants of Kaho'olewa Ridge, West Maui, Pu'u Kukui to Kapohue (1585-1770 m elev. National Tropical Botanical Garden Biological" title="Checklist of vascular plants of Kaho'olewa Ridge, West Maui, Pu'u Kukui to Kapohue (1585 - 1770 m elev." year="1997">Wood 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Notable observations of native birds in the upper
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Waihe‘e">Waihe'e</normalizedToken>
|
||
region include nesting seabird colonies of dark-rumped petrels (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ridgway" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Pterodroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodroma sandwichensis" order="Ciconiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandwichensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Pterodroma sandwichensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ridgeway) along with native forest birds such as 'apapane (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. F. Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1788" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Himatione" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Himatione sanguinea" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Himatione sanguinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gmelin), and 'amakihi (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Chlorodrepanis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorodrepanis virens subsp. wilsoni" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="virens" subSpecies="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Chlorodrepanis virens wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rothschild).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="phylogenetic placement">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Phylogenetic placement.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like all Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, falls into
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pelea" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. section" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelea">section Pelea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a distribution ranging from Taiwan, the Philippines, and Borneo eastward to the Hawaiian and Marquesas Islands, and south to New Caledonia. Only
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope triphylla" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Melicope triphylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lam.) Merr. is distributed in the Southeast Asian areas mentioned above, and the remainder of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. sect." order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelea">sect. Pelea</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to New Guinea and Pa
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="57" start="start">cific</pageBreakToken>
|
||
archipelagos (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hartley, TG" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" refId="B8" refString="Hartley, TG, 2001. On the Taxonomy and Biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae). Allertonia Volume 8 (1)" title="On the Taxonomy and Biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae)." volume="Volume 8" year="2001">Hartley 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pelea" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. Section" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelea">Section Pelea</taxonomicName>
|
||
proved to be polyphyletic in molecular phylogenetic analyses, and monophyly can be reached if the New Caledonian species are excluded and the Hawaiian endemic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Platydesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platydesma" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Platydesma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is included in the section (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Appelhans, MS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" pagination="54 - 68" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" refId="B3" refString="Appelhans, MS, Wen, J, Wagner, WL, 2014b. A molecular phylogeny of Acronychia, Euodia, Melicope and relatives (Rutaceae) reveals polyphyletic genera and key innovations for species richness. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79: 54 - 68, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" title="A molecular phylogeny of Acronychia, Euodia, Melicope and relatives (Rutaceae) reveals polyphyletic genera and key innovations for species richness." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" volume="79" year="2014 b">Appelhans et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hartley, TG" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" refId="B8" refString="Hartley, TG, 2001. On the Taxonomy and Biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae). Allertonia Volume 8 (1)" title="On the Taxonomy and Biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae)." volume="Volume 8" year="2001">Hartley (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 31, 139-140) stated that the Hawaiian species mostly resemble the New Caledonian species - especially
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baill. ex Guillaumin" authorityYear="1920" baseAuthorityName="Baill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope vieillardii" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vieillardii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope vieillardii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- based on several
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“primitive”">"primitive"</normalizedToken>
|
||
characters including bisexual flowers, persistent sepals and petals, apically acute staminal filaments, basally connate carpels, glabrous endocarp, and Type A seed attachment, however, a close phylogenetic relationship of the Hawaiian and the New Caledonian species could not be verified (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Appelhans, MS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" pagination="54 - 68" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" refId="B3" refString="Appelhans, MS, Wen, J, Wagner, WL, 2014b. A molecular phylogeny of Acronychia, Euodia, Melicope and relatives (Rutaceae) reveals polyphyletic genera and key innovations for species richness. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79: 54 - 68, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" title="A molecular phylogeny of Acronychia, Euodia, Melicope and relatives (Rutaceae) reveals polyphyletic genera and key innovations for species richness." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" volume="79" year="2014 b">Appelhans et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Hawaiian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been treated under the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Pelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pelea" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Pelea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Wagner et al. (1990) and the authors divided the taxon into the four sections
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Apocarpa" lsidName="Apocarpa" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Apocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
B. Stone;
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cubicarpa" lsidName="Cubicarpa" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Cubicarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
B. Stone;
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Megacarpa" lsidName="Megacarpa" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Megacarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
B. Stone; and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Pelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pelea" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Pelea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If the Hawaiian groups are to continue to be recognized, they would need to be treated as subsections. Only the latter of these sections, which consists of three species, proved to be monophyletic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Appelhans, MS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" pagination="54 - 68" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" refId="B3" refString="Appelhans, MS, Wen, J, Wagner, WL, 2014b. A molecular phylogeny of Acronychia, Euodia, Melicope and relatives (Rutaceae) reveals polyphyletic genera and key innovations for species richness. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79: 54 - 68, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" title="A molecular phylogeny of Acronychia, Euodia, Melicope and relatives (Rutaceae) reveals polyphyletic genera and key innovations for species richness." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" volume="79" year="2014 b">Appelhans et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Appelhans, MS" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" pagination="425 - 448" publicationUrl="10.1111/boj.12123" refId="B4" refString="Appelhans, MS, Wen, J, Wood, KR, Allan, GJ, Zimmer, EA, Wagner, WL, 2014c. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Hawaiian Rutaceae (Melicope, Platydesma and Zanthoxylum) and their different colonization patterns. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 174: 425 - 448, DOI: 10.1111/boj.12123" title="Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Hawaiian Rutaceae (Melicope, Platydesma and Zanthoxylum) and their different colonization patterns." url="10.1111/boj.12123" volume="174" year="2014 c">c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the paratypes
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Wood & Perlman 7408</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Wood & Perlman 7419</emphasis>
|
||
) have been included in phylogenetic research (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Appelhans, MS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" pagination="54 - 68" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" refId="B3" refString="Appelhans, MS, Wen, J, Wagner, WL, 2014b. A molecular phylogeny of Acronychia, Euodia, Melicope and relatives (Rutaceae) reveals polyphyletic genera and key innovations for species richness. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79: 54 - 68, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" title="A molecular phylogeny of Acronychia, Euodia, Melicope and relatives (Rutaceae) reveals polyphyletic genera and key innovations for species richness." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014" volume="79" year="2014 b">Appelhans et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Appelhans, MS" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" pagination="425 - 448" publicationUrl="10.1111/boj.12123" refId="B4" refString="Appelhans, MS, Wen, J, Wood, KR, Allan, GJ, Zimmer, EA, Wagner, WL, 2014c. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Hawaiian Rutaceae (Melicope, Platydesma and Zanthoxylum) and their different colonization patterns. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 174: 425 - 448, DOI: 10.1111/boj.12123" title="Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Hawaiian Rutaceae (Melicope, Platydesma and Zanthoxylum) and their different colonization patterns." url="10.1111/boj.12123" volume="174" year="2014 c">c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and they are listed under the original determination
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope reflexa" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope reflexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H. St. John) T.G. Hartley & B.C. Stone in these studies. The two specimens are part of a largely unresolved clade consisting of representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cubicarpa" lsidName="Cubicarpa" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Cubicarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Megacarpa" lsidName="Megacarpa" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Megacarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The closest relatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could not be determined due to the low genetic variation in the sampled nuclear and plastid markers. We are currently working on resolving phylogenetic relationships of Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using Next-generation sequencing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" type="morphology and related taxa">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Morphology and related taxa.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Although beaked fruit have evolved in a few species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belonging to sections
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Melicope">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Vitiflorae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Vitiflorae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hartley, TG" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" refId="B8" refString="Hartley, TG, 2001. On the Taxonomy and Biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae). Allertonia Volume 8 (1)" title="On the Taxonomy and Biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae)." volume="Volume 8" year="2001">Hartley 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 19), this character is unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. sect." order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelea">sect. Pelea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Melicope oppenheimeri K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner. A Flowering branch, Oppenheimer & Hansen H 20505 (PTBG) B Inflorescence C Undehisced fruit, showing beaked carpels D Fruit, partly open E Fruit, fully opened F Fruit endocarp showing venation and hairs B-F from Oppenheimer & Miller H 90609 (PTBG) (Illustration by Alice Tangerini)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100491" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">1C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Melicope oppenheimeri A Flowers B Fruit, showing beaked carpels (Oppenheimer & Miller H 90609). Photos by H. Oppenheimer, 12 Sep 2006." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100495" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Beaked fruit have also evolved in Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Platydesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platydesma subsp. sect." order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Cornutia">Platydesma sect. Cornutia</taxonomicName>
|
||
B.C. Stone, which is nested within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope subsp. sect." order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelea">Melicope sect. Pelea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but which is not an immediate relative of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="981495" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.69.8844.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100495" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
|
||
Flowers
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
|
||
Fruit, showing beaked carpels (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Oppenheimer & Miller H90609</emphasis>
|
||
). Photos by H. Oppenheimer, 12 Sep 2006.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moloka‘i">Moloka'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
endemic species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope reflexa" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope reflexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with both having reflexed carpels that are coherent at base. Significant differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope reflexa" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope reflexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include capsules connate 1/5, 4-9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
40-52 mm (vs. capsules connate 1/4, 10-17
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
20-33 mm); endocarp sparsely to evenly puberulent (vs. endocarp glabrous); ovary appressed densely short-sericeous (vs. ovary glabrous); pedicles 5-8 mm (vs. pedicles15-20 mm); and flowers perfect, 3-5, on robust peduncles (vs. flowers unisexual, 1-3, on delicate peduncles).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Two other morphologically similar Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also with carpels coherent at base include
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope molokaiense" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molokaiense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope molokaiense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hillebr.) T.G. Hartley & B.C. Stone and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope volcanica" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volcanica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope volcanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A. Gray) T.G. Hartley & B.C. Stone.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope molokaiense" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molokaiense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope molokaiense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is known from Molokai and Maui, differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having capsules connate 1/4, 10-17
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
21-39 mm; endocarp glabrous; ovary glabrous; and flowers unisexual.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope volcanica" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volcanica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Melicope volcanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is known from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lana‘i">Lana'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moloka‘i">Moloka'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
, East Maui, and the big island of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai‘i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
, similarly differs with capsules connate 1/3-1/4, and flowers unisexual, yet
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="58" start="start">also</pageBreakToken>
|
||
differs with leaves having 10-20 pair of secondary veins; cymes ca. 6 cm long; and peduncles 7-38 mm long.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has leaves with 7-10 pair of secondary veins; cymes ca. 3 cm long; and peduncles 5-6.5 mm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are generally either exclusively hermaphroditic or dioecious, yet there are a few recorded exceptions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hartley, TG" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" refId="B8" refString="Hartley, TG, 2001. On the Taxonomy and Biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae). Allertonia Volume 8 (1)" title="On the Taxonomy and Biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae)." volume="Volume 8" year="2001">Hartley 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 10). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently hermaphroditic, we cannot make a definitive statement on the breeding system of this rare narrow endemic, having only six collections for study, and limited flowering material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Plant and animal endemics from isolated oceanic islands are often endangered or critically endangered (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kreft, H" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Letters" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="116 - 127" refId="B15" refString="Kreft, H, Jetz, W, Mutke, J, Kier, G, Barthlott, W, 2008. Global diversity of island floras from a macroecological perspective. Ecological Letters 11: 116 - 127" title="Global diversity of island floras from a macroecological perspective." volume="11" year="2008">Kreft et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sakai, AK" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="276 - 302" publicationUrl="10.1080/10635150252899770" refId="B19" refString="Sakai, AK, Wagner, WL, Mehrhoff, LA, 2002. Patterns of endangerment in the Hawaiian flora. Systematic Biology 51: 276 - 302, DOI: 10.1080/10635150252899770" title="Patterns of endangerment in the Hawaiian flora." url="10.1080/10635150252899770" volume="51" year="2002">Sakai et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ongoing decline of native pollinators (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kearns, CA" journalOrPublisher="Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="83 - 112" publicationUrl="10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.83" refId="B12" refString="Kearns, CA, Inouye, DW, Waser, N, 1998. Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 83 - 112, DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.83" title="Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions." url="10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.83" volume="29" year="1998">Kearns et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and seed dispersers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Milberg, P" journalOrPublisher="Ecography" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="229 - 250" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1600-0587.1993.tb00213.x" refId="B16" refString="Milberg, P, Tyrberg, T, 1993. Naive birds and noble savages - a review of man-caused prehistoric extinctions of island birds. Ecography 16: 229 - 250, DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1993.tb00213.x" title="Naive birds and noble savages - a review of man-caused prehistoric extinctions of island birds." url="10.1111/j.1600-0587.1993.tb00213.x" volume="16" year="1993">Milberg and Tyrberg 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in combination with other primary extrinsic factors such as invasive non-native plants, predation by introduced vertebrates, loss and fragmentation of natural habitats, and devastation by severe storms, are leading to an increase in extinctions throughout the islands of Oceania (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sakai, AK" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="276 - 302" publicationUrl="10.1080/10635150252899770" refId="B19" refString="Sakai, AK, Wagner, WL, Mehrhoff, LA, 2002. Patterns of endangerment in the Hawaiian flora. Systematic Biology 51: 276 - 302, DOI: 10.1080/10635150252899770" title="Patterns of endangerment in the Hawaiian flora." url="10.1080/10635150252899770" volume="51" year="2002">Sakai et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, KR" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="13 - 17" refId="B24" refString="Wood, KR, 2007. New plant records, rediscoveries, range extensions, and possible extinctions within the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 96: 13 - 17" title="New plant records, rediscoveries, range extensions, and possible extinctions within the Hawaiian Islands." volume="96" year="2007">Wood 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, KR" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="91 - 102" refId="B25" refString="Wood, KR, 2012. Possible Extinctions, Rediscoveries and New Plant Records within the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 91 - 102" title="Possible Extinctions, Rediscoveries and New Plant Records within the Hawaiian Islands." volume="113" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kingsford, RT" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="834 - 840" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01287.x" refId="B13" refString="Kingsford, RT, Watson, JEM, Lundquist, CJ, Venter, O, Hughes, L, Johnson, EL, Atherton, J, Gawel, M, Keith, DA, Mackey, BG, Morley, C, Possingham, HP, Raynor, B, Recher, HF, Wilson, KA, 2009. Major Conservation Policy Issues for Biodiversity in Oceania. Conservation Biology 23: 834 - 840, DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01287.x" title="Major Conservation Policy Issues for Biodiversity in Oceania." url="10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01287.x" volume="23" year="2009">Kingsford et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other prominent factors such as strict habitat requirements, very low historic population densities and narrow geographic range increase the risk of extinction. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sakai, AK" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="276 - 302" publicationUrl="10.1080/10635150252899770" refId="B19" refString="Sakai, AK, Wagner, WL, Mehrhoff, LA, 2002. Patterns of endangerment in the Hawaiian flora. Systematic Biology 51: 276 - 302, DOI: 10.1080/10635150252899770" title="Patterns of endangerment in the Hawaiian flora." url="10.1080/10635150252899770" volume="51" year="2002">Sakai et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, KR" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="13 - 17" refId="B24" refString="Wood, KR, 2007. New plant records, rediscoveries, range extensions, and possible extinctions within the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 96: 13 - 17" title="New plant records, rediscoveries, range extensions, and possible extinctions within the Hawaiian Islands." volume="96" year="2007">Wood 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, KR" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="31 - 33" refId="B27" refString="Wood, KR, 2015. Delissea rhytidosperma H. Mann (Campanulaceae) and Phyllostegia kahiliensis H. St. John (Lamiaceae) possibly extinct on Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 116: 31 - 33" title="Delissea rhytidosperma H. Mann (Campanulaceae) and Phyllostegia kahiliensis H. St. John (Lamiaceae) possibly extinct on Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands." volume="116" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is currently unclear how many of the estimated 10,000 native Hawaiian insect species have gone extinct, but at this point in time the Hawaiian Islands have lost 79 of its native bird species and are left with only 32 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="James, HF" journalOrPublisher="Ornithological Monographs" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 88" publicationUrl="10.2307/40166713" refId="B11" refString="James, HF, Olson, SL, 1991. Descriptions of 32 new species of Hawaiian birds. Part II. Passeriformes. Ornithological Monographs 46: 1 - 88, DOI: 10.2307/40166713" title="Descriptions of 32 new species of Hawaiian birds. Part II. Passeriformes." url="10.2307/40166713" volume="46" year="1991">James and Olson 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Olson, SL" journalOrPublisher="Ornithological Monographs" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 88" publicationUrl="10.2307/40166794" refId="B18" refString="Olson, SL, James, HF, 1991. Descriptions of 32 new species of Hawaiian birds. Part I. Non- Passeriformes. Ornithological Monographs 45: 1 - 88, DOI: 10.2307/40166794" title="Descriptions of 32 new species of Hawaiian birds. Part I. Non- Passeriformes." url="10.2307/40166794" volume="45" year="1991">Olson and James 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burney, DA" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Monographs" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" pagination="615 - 641" refId="B5" refString="Burney, DA, James, HF, Burney, LP, Olson, SL, Kikuchi, W, Wagner, WL, Burney, M, McCluskey, D, Kikuchi, D, Grady, FV, Gage, R II, Nishek, R, 2001. Fossil evidence for a diverse biota from Kauai and its transformation since human arrival. Ecological Monographs 71: 615 - 641" title="Fossil evidence for a diverse biota from Kauai and its transformation since human arrival." volume="71" year="2001">Burney et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Boyer 2008). The authors maintain a checklist of endemic Hawaiian vascular plant taxa that have no known wild individuals remaining. Of the estimated 1191 native vascular plant species in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai‘i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 130 taxa are now presumed extinct. Evidently 41 of these possible extinctions have occurred in the Hawaiian lobeliads (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Campanulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="family">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a family renowned for their co-evolution with
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai‘i’s">Hawai'i's</normalizedToken>
|
||
unique forest birds, the honeycreepers, in the endemic subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Drepanidinae">Drepanidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Fringillidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Fringillidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or finch family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, KR" journalOrPublisher="National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, Hawai'i, USA" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="8 - 13" refId="B26" refString="Wood, KR, 2014. Lose One, Lose Another. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, Hawai'i, USA: 8 - 13" title="Lose One, Lose Another" year="2014">Wood 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, KR" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="31 - 33" refId="B27" refString="Wood, KR, 2015. Delissea rhytidosperma H. Mann (Campanulaceae) and Phyllostegia kahiliensis H. St. John (Lamiaceae) possibly extinct on Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 116: 31 - 33" title="Delissea rhytidosperma H. Mann (Campanulaceae) and Phyllostegia kahiliensis H. St. John (Lamiaceae) possibly extinct on Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands." volume="116" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or mint family falls second in this severe category, with 22 species that are presumed extinct. With two-thirds of the surviving forest bird species in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai‘i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
being critically
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="59" start="start">endangered</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and a continued decline in native arthropods, there is grave concern for the endangered Hawaiian flora and for their unique insular relationships with biodiversity as a whole. Even today, little is known about the life cycles, breeding system variations, and habitat preferences found in the Hawaiian flora (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sakai, AK" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="276 - 302" publicationUrl="10.1080/10635150252899770" refId="B19" refString="Sakai, AK, Wagner, WL, Mehrhoff, LA, 2002. Patterns of endangerment in the Hawaiian flora. Systematic Biology 51: 276 - 302, DOI: 10.1080/10635150252899770" title="Patterns of endangerment in the Hawaiian flora." url="10.1080/10635150252899770" volume="51" year="2002">Sakai et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, KR" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" pagination="31 - 33" refId="B27" refString="Wood, KR, 2015. Delissea rhytidosperma H. Mann (Campanulaceae) and Phyllostegia kahiliensis H. St. John (Lamiaceae) possibly extinct on Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 116: 31 - 33" title="Delissea rhytidosperma H. Mann (Campanulaceae) and Phyllostegia kahiliensis H. St. John (Lamiaceae) possibly extinct on Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands." volume="116" year="2015">Wood 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is known that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rely on insects for pollination and birds for dispersal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hartley, TG" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" refId="B8" refString="Hartley, TG, 2001. On the Taxonomy and Biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae). Allertonia Volume 8 (1)" title="On the Taxonomy and Biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae)." volume="Volume 8" year="2001">Hartley 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Within Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
five species are currently presumed extinct, 19 are federally listed as endangered, and with the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ten species fall into the Plant Extinction Prevention Program (PEPP) category, meaning there are 50 or fewer individuals remaining (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Checklist of endemic Hawaiian Melicope and Platydesma with conservation status and island distribution. (Status Symbols: C = candidate for federal listing; E = federally listed as endangered; EX = possibly extinct; PEPP = Plant Extinction Prevention Program (50 or less individuals known in wild); SOC = species of concern. Island Distribution: K = Kaua'i; O = O'ahu; Mo = Moloka'i; L = Lana'i; M = Maui; H = Big Island of Hawai'i; Note: Platydesma had been shown to be nested in Melicope [Harbaugh et al. 2009, Appelhans et al. 2014 c])." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9FF44FA522913C1D6912183D87355FA5" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="9FF44FA522913C1D6912183D87355FA5">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Members of Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are currently in the process of being evaluated according to IUCN categories and criteria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="9FF44FA522913C1D6912183D87355FA5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9FF44FA522913C1D6912183D87355FA5" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Checklist of endemic Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Platydesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platydesma" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Platydesma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with conservation status and island distribution. (Status Symbols: C=candidate for federal listing; E=federally listed as endangered; EX=possibly extinct; PEPP=Plant Extinction Prevention Program (50 or less individuals known in wild); SOC =species of concern. Island Distribution: K=
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kaua‘i">Kaua'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
; O=
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O‘ahu">O'ahu</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Mo=
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moloka‘i">Moloka'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
; L=
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lana‘i">Lana'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
; M=Maui; H=Big Island of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai‘i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Note:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Platydesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platydesma" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Platydesma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had been shown to be nested in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Harbaugh, DT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" pagination="230 - 241" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02008.x" refId="B7" refString="Harbaugh, DT, Wagner, WL, Allan, GJ, Zimmer, EA, 2009. The Hawaiian Archipelago is a stepping stone for dispersal in the Pacific: an example from the plant genus Melicope (Rutaceae). Journal of Biogeography 36: 230 - 241, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02008.x" title="The Hawaiian Archipelago is a stepping stone for dispersal in the Pacific: an example from the plant genus Melicope (Rutaceae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02008.x" volume="36" year="2009">Harbaugh et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Appelhans, MS" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" pagination="425 - 448" publicationUrl="10.1111/boj.12123" refId="B4" refString="Appelhans, MS, Wen, J, Wood, KR, Allan, GJ, Zimmer, EA, Wagner, WL, 2014c. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Hawaiian Rutaceae (Melicope, Platydesma and Zanthoxylum) and their different colonization patterns. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 174: 425 - 448, DOI: 10.1111/boj.12123" title="Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Hawaiian Rutaceae (Melicope, Platydesma and Zanthoxylum) and their different colonization patterns." url="10.1111/boj.12123" volume="174" year="2014 c">Appelhans et al. 2014c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<table pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Taxon</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Status</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Distribution</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope adscendens" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adscendens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope adscendens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John & E.P.Hume) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E, PEPP</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope anisata" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anisata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope anisata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.Mann) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope balloui" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balloui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope balloui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rock) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E, EX</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope barbigera" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbigera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope barbigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A.Gray
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope christophersenii" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="christophersenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope christophersenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope cinerea" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope cinerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A.Gray
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">SOC</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope clusiifolia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clusiifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope clusiifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A.Gray) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K, O, Mo, L, M, H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope cruciata" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cruciata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope cruciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A.Heller) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">SOC</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope degeneri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="degeneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope degeneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B.C.Stone) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E, PEPP</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Gray" authorityYear="1854" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope elliptica" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope elliptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A.Gray) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O, Mo, M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope feddei" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="feddei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope feddei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lév">Lev</normalizedToken>
|
||
.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope haleakalae" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haleakalae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope haleakalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B.C.Stone) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">SOC</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope haupuensis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haupuensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope haupuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E, PEPP</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope hawaiensis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope hawaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wawra) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">SOC</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Mo, L, M, H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope hiiakae" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hiiakae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope hiiakae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B.C.Stone) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner & R. K. Shannon" authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="St. John" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope hosakae" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hosakae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope hosakae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) W.L.Wagner & R.K.Shannon
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope kaalaensis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaalaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope kaalaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope kavaiensis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kavaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope kavaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.Mann) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope knudsenii" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="knudsenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope knudsenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E, PEPP</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K, M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope lydgatei" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lydgatei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope lydgatei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E, PEPP</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope macropus" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macropus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope macropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">EX, SOC</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope makahae" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="makahae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope makahae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B.C.Stone) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope molokaiensis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molokaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope molokaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Mo, M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope mucronulata" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mucronulata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope mucronulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E, PEPP</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Mo, M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope munroi" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="munroi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope munroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Mo, L</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope nealae" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nealae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope nealae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B.C.Stone) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">EX, SOC</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oahuensis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope oahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lév">Lev</normalizedToken>
|
||
.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope obovata" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope obovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">EX, SOC</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
K.R.Wood, Appelhans & W.L.Wagner
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">PEPP</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope orbicularis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orbicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope orbicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope ovalis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope ovalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope ovata" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope ovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John & E.P.Hume) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K, O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope pallida" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K, O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope paniculata" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope paniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope peduncularis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peduncularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope peduncularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lév">Lev</normalizedToken>
|
||
.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K, O, Mo, M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope pseudoanisata" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoanisata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope pseudoanisata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rock) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">M, H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope puberula" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puberula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope puberula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope quadrangularis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadrangularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope quadrangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John & E.P.Hume) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E, PEPP</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope radiata" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope reflexa" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope reflexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E, PEPP</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Mo</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope rotundifolia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope rotundifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A.Gray) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="E.P.Hume" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope saint-johnii" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saint-johnii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope saint-johnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E.P.Hume) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope sandwicensis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope sandwicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook. & Arn.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">SOC</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. G. Hartley & B. C. Stone" authorityYear="2001" baseAuthorityName="H. Lev." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope sessilis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sessilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope sessilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lév">Lev</normalizedToken>
|
||
.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Mo, M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope volcanica" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volcanica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope volcanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A.Gray) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Mo, L, M, H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope waialealae" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="waialealae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope waialealae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wawra) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope wailauensis" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wailauensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope wailauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">EX, SOC</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Mo</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope wawraeana" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wawraeana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope wawraeana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rock) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K, O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope zahlbruckneri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zahlbruckneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope zahlbruckneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rock) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E, PEPP</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hillebr. var. cornuta" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Platydesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platydesma cornuta subsp. var. var. cornuta" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="cornuta" subSpecies="var." variety="cornuta">Platydesma cornuta Hillebr. var. cornuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="B. C. Stone" authorityYear="1962" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Platydesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platydesma cornuta subsp. var. var. decurrens" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="cornuta" subSpecies="var." variety="decurrens">Platydesma cornuta Hillebr. var. decurrens</taxonomicName>
|
||
B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">O</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deg, Deg, Sherff & Stone" authorityYear="1960" baseAuthorityName="Sherff" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Platydesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platydesma remyi" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="remyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Platydesma remyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sherff) O.Deg., I.Deg, Sherff & B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">C, PEPP</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hillebr" authorityYear="1888" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Platydesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platydesma rostrata" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Platydesma rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hillebr.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Platydesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platydesma spathulata" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spathulata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Platydesma spathulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A.Gray) B.C.Stone
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">K, O, M, H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">IUCN Red List Category.</emphasis>
|
||
When evaluated using the World Conservation Union (IUCN) criteria for endangerment (IUCN 2001),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls into the Critically Endangered (CR) category, which designates this species as facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. Our formal evaluation can be summarized by the following IUCN hierarchical alphanumeric numbering system of criteria and subcriteria: CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(ii); D; which reflects a severely limited Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) of less than 1 km2 and a wild population of only three individuals. It should be noted that seed collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. R. Wood, Appelhans & W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Biebersteiniaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope oppenheimeri" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Melicope oppenheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been made by Maui PEPP staff during routine monitoring and there is currently a single cultivated individual being grown at the Olinda Rare Plant Facility on East Maui.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |