231 lines
31 KiB
XML
231 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="6193F3166C3C0DA9801C53A4FF53E30E" ID-CLB-Dataset="35149" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.536.5982" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3546db1-d96a-40d8-ac8c-fe806547f201" ID-PMC="PMC4714036" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-536-1" ID-PubMed="26798233" ID-ZooBank="A8B92CDD0B8C4384AAC559648BB45AA5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-536-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 536" ModsDocTitle="The genus Pterostichus in China II: the subgenus Circinatus Sciaky, a species revision and phylogeny (Carabidae, Pterostichini)" checkinTime="1451243741663" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin" docDate="2015" docId="F3CB5F6DC736B44211A17739B9F0C402" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 536: 1-92" docOrigin="ZooKeys 536" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.536.5982" docTitle="Pterostichus (Circinatus) zhygealu Shi & Liang, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="BB708E40-C604-41BD-AFD2-2389FD3162C7" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFEAFF976442467ED413FFC17531FF81" masterDocTitle="The genus Pterostichus in China II: the subgenus Circinatus Sciaky, a species revision and phylogeny (Carabidae, Pterostichini)" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1731888672137" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="58C555E0EFFD45732244DB8CB4C1F626">
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<mods:title id="BA8F63CDDFCCE9F166D77541CC88C125">The genus Pterostichus in China II: the subgenus Circinatus Sciaky, a species revision and phylogeny (Carabidae, Pterostichini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DFDA12C477709B6AF4F3415CEDC0C6AE">Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BF393D5625345AE5E52851BCF352A1CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2B6607E0B441DBA14F26D951A1653F20">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D1125CF718008F49DA6E35D1B40F1E95">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3DA2212166A4C538E7469DF6137D47DF">
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<mods:date id="045FDC223D61900853B918E9AFA1E23A">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="805C9FB4D00B8875FA2397B34ACE2CE8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BF23A5C025FFD43AC87595403B9E8BAC">536</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="2CAAE43182F97E2A62D62F9798008C15">92</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="90322C74C01833DFFE22A07E89DB8715">
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<mods:url id="284A6140B1284BD0E03C193A23510E8C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.536.5982</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="658190A741D14FDDCD3AB910683821FC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BD7E02923307957504EE71B30895588B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.536.5982</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BA10276F88AFF6A9071B18A27407C429" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-536-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="80F938CA4F4E0BBB430E6C1C103EDD9A" type="ZooBank">A8B92CDD0B8C4384AAC559648BB45AA5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="F3CB5F6DC736B44211A17739B9F0C402" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152063157" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BB708E40-C604-41BD-AFD2-2389FD3162C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3CB5F6DC736B44211A17739B9F0C402" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="8E1F719368347719E16488FC11159458" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="6A52877B85BF85BEBFB2662574D8AB60" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Taxon classification Animalia
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<taxonomicName id="320700FFC6DD98951AF7C6BC05576FD4" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="992757A408B60029F97FE743C728836B" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="32EA12D2F9E64BC0341559D61334E30B" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B68612D3C3E587F8CBF7B908F30B7A4D" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="6BFE88AB8C00B428C4821435FF5D84AC" ID-CoL="8M7Z5" LSID="http://zoobank.org/BB708E40-C604-41BD-AFD2-2389FD3162C7" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Circinatus) zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Circinatus">Pterostichus (Circinatus) zhygealu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="73B19883A10F96724453919FCD78815D" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 8, 38, 54, 75, 94, 117
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66B0BDD8C1ACFF7B55E33463C4DA297E" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="A720FA4D76199C66A30924366E595C12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<pageBreakToken id="6A0C56CA231F011C8E13A2530EED59E9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B0F26FC1786EC316F30489D45747176" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Sichuan: Dafengding national reserve, Yizi pass between Meigu and Ebian County (
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<geoCoordinate id="8DBB660B0AED45D40E5B8AA987FBFD4B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.67477">N28.67477°</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="785D40DEF74CCA3EA2AB9893B060CE55" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.05248">E103.05248°</geoCoordinate>
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), altitude 2923 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="42F0AAEB1D0028F7DA0A898AB8589C77" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="BD5D6A867618844FB7AD586E958E2E5A" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A6CE5604A31745B758FB7DF0E330F29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Holotype (IZAS): male, body length = 13.5 mm, pin mounted, genitalia dissected and glued on plastic film pinned under specimen, "CHINA, Sichuan prov., Yizi / pass btw. Meigu county and / Ebian county, mixed forest, / 2923 m, /
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<geoCoordinate id="1616ECEAC80AAFE82CCE8117F97FB88C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.67477">N28.67477</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="9832661094391FD3D4BC3F1369155BAD" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.05248">E103.05248</geoCoordinate>
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"; "2012.VI.12, in dead log, / SHI Hongliang, LIU Ye leg., / Institute of Zoology, CAS. /
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<normalizedToken id="5F1DD496809298B5E266AD2E4166DD5F" originalValue="美姑县-峨边县椅子垭口”">美姑县-峨边县椅子垭口"</normalizedToken>
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; "HOLOTYPE ♂/
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<taxonomicName id="FE200FFE8EA5F61146A9B0903C1CA717" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Circinatus">Pterostichus (Circinatus)</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="F9D47F15CBE68B1E345A0F8E54CE4DF7" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">zhygealu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="98329DB61B5201540CBE57B53B6E8D19" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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/ des. SHI H.L. 2015" [red label]. Paratypes, a total of 3 males and 7 females: 1 male, 2 females (IZAS): the same data as holotype. 2 males, 5 females (IZAS): "CHINA, Sichuan Prov., Yizi pass btw. Meigu county and Ebian county, mixed forest;
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<geoCoordinate id="83199BFBD4514534B4B2A9D54D623DC9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.67477">N28.67477</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="F932EB4258C045D361D2838653122388" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.05248">E103.05248</geoCoordinate>
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, 2923 m; 2012.VI.15; by pit fall trap; SHI Hongliang & LIU Ye leg.".
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AD8FB1203471DBE8991F3EAE9DA50F6E" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="F5D05BA43BC9FDE5FB4668AAD0A9AF0C" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Non-type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="045D5C68C0D3801E79083BC0FAADDDB3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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1 female (IZAS): "CHINA, Sichuan, Mianning county, Yele conservation, mixed forest,
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<geoCoordinate id="BE76605C50734D7F0FE937E835A14A0B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.96508">N28.96508</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="89B6E1684458998F8579086E8F360F53" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="102.16137">E102.16137</geoCoordinate>
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; 2988 m, 2012.VI.22, under stone, YANG Xiaodong lgt."
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="21088C6C878507DBEE995965DEA948C9" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="863CD3A59432C701A8CC02149D1E475B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9CFB7CC8EA5AD716D26950E6CE83F8FE" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Relatively large-sized species within subgenus; pronotum with three or four mid-lateral setae; hind angle completely rounded; outer basal foveal groove faintly defined, approx half length of inner one, outer area of inner groove distinctly concave; elytron with distinct transverse or isodiametric microsculpture; humeral tooth indis
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<pageBreakToken id="5E36A57CED99D8E01CD39B4E350B82CA" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">tinct</pageBreakToken>
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, not pointed; males with terminal sternum unmodified, penultimate sternum weakly tumid on each side; apical lamella of aedeagus long, slightly hooked to left.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="34138297FDCA90C847DA0B2745519F26" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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This new species can be easily distinguished from all other species of the
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<taxonomicName id="F2E58469DDBC1C5CFC749C41906EB737" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">agilis</taxonomicName>
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-group by its distinct larger size. Including the new species, a total of three known
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<taxonomicName id="7FAD93F4BBD34DF03FBAE3C4DC78F11B" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Circinatus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Circinatus">Circinatus</taxonomicName>
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species (the other two are
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<taxonomicName id="0A7CFD5F026238645BB353A9B9484DE5" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">Pterostichus agilis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="0F117187D6CB22FC2DFB68E200429EB4" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus camelus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelus" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus camelus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6E2634D9D7D5D4AFDFDF80D53A1C625" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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) have their male secondary sexual characters on the penultimate sternum.
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<taxonomicName id="2A33904DDC70C495FBA357850EB1EDAA" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus camelus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelus" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus camelus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5E0205FB96F956CAADA14E5577AF3FC5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is distinguishable from the others by its fifth tarsomeres setose, and different male penultimate sternum.
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<taxonomicName id="B3FD9DFE8658D2C6C9A4CF1BC0CF3048" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">Pterostichus agilis</taxonomicName>
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is the species most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="97DEAE3D980BBB0FAA959AF1017EBE0A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus zhygealu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B1181283387E2CAEBCFCE2D1705E06F8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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in their similar male secondary sexual characters on penultimate sternum (weakly tumid on each side). These two species can be separated by: (1)
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<taxonomicName id="75E696CDC2343F10DC92B727DE5C34B7" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus zhygealu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="78A5A38F34CC308EC032D2152D5AA1B5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is much larger than
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<taxonomicName id="87B4E2152815D7B0093027EB4B288E28" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">Pterostichus agilis</taxonomicName>
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; (2)
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<taxonomicName id="2FF0805624D68E396E8531EFCB79F684" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus zhygealu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="15B5998CA69830FA243B240FC57E7CED" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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have the outer groove of the pronotal basal foveal present, but completely vanished in
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<taxonomicName id="5B5A3693E7A43A6AF84BD31079CC31E9" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">Pterostichus agilis</taxonomicName>
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; (3) elytral humeral tooth almost invisible in
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<taxonomicName id="1A700A2DBD9E5478900E9A3222E5A097" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus zhygealu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EBBFB12B5D4B3AD81B754023CAB7DE5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, but sharp and distinct in
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<taxonomicName id="1AA4283A20A5CA0D2B713D4D6C84307F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">Pterostichus agilis</taxonomicName>
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; (4) apical lamella of aedeagus with obtuse hook in
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<taxonomicName id="E6280783E1EF852C5F8C8CB33E6ECB51" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus zhygealu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DB1B4BBD9035341A27466E92492A73E7" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, but simple in
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<taxonomicName id="1151C444077994198057A287E4CA0FF9" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">Pterostichus agilis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BC85F494334C2128932E6D68A2CF6693" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Among its sympatric species,
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<taxonomicName id="DDE8E66B88F756696C001578E7CCD2B2" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus zhygealu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="463113525751013C99AA192D8A25593E" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="3079CA7A01048D9B5FE095C1B7458BFD" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus adelphus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelphus" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus adelphus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C12A995ADA4F566CA70E9C772ACBDB68" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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In addition to the difference in size, they also differ in elytral microsculpture: isodiametric or transverse in
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<taxonomicName id="C648BE731C1A9C470596EF6B4BD98769" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus zhygealu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0A87533EB1C64BAADB0A56BB5A7866DB" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, very faint and linear in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E784737C532013F6607EBE65821A770" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus adelphus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelphus" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus adelphus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4B1F050A0DBFF3D0A29D8A82D30A034" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="028136D34A8EA61DBACCA0CE8D3D2EF7" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D4E45436E57DE69C425032A9E486EDB9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E850B0A0753A3C124C4802C79D07DEB" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Body form stout, body length 13.5-14.5 mm; dorsal side black, shining; elytron without iridescent shine; mouthparts, antenna and tarsus dark brown; ventral side blackish. Both sexes with distinct elytral microsculpture, isodiametric on disc, gradually turned to transverse on elytral apex and outer intervals. Head. Frons without punctures; antenna reaching elytron basal fifth; gena approx same length as eye, briefly tumid behind eye. Pronotum round, widest at approx anterior third, PW/PL = 1.22-1.28; usually four (sometimes three) mid-lateral setae present, first one close to anterior angle, last one near middle of lateral margin, a little distant from others; posterior seta distant from hind angle, distance between seta and hind angle approx same as distance between hind angle and inner basal foveal groove; hind angle completely rounded; basal fovea shallow, faintly defined; inner groove subparallel to median line, slightly curved outwards; outer groove faint, approx half length of inner one, outer area of inner groove distinctly concave; basal foveal area usually impunctate, sometimes with sparse punctures on inner side of inner groove. Elytron oviform, with basal ridge weakly oblique; elytral shoulder slightly narrowed, basal ridge and lateral margin forming obtuse angle, humeral tooth indistinct, not pointed; intervals feebly convex; striae moderately deep, without punctures; scutellar stria short, usually incomplete; third interval with two setigerous pores adjacent to second stria; umbilical pore series on ninth interval sparse in middle, composed of 15-18 pores (6, 1-3, 7-9). Ventral side. Proepisternum impunctate; mesepisternum finely punctate on anterior half; metepisternum impunctate or very sparsely punctate; penultimate sternum of males very faintly tumid on each side, tumidities close to primary setae, middle region between tumidities faintly depressed (Fig. 117); terminal sternum of males without special structure. Legs. Fifth tarsomeres without setae beneath; males with apical half of mesotibia slightly widened, inner margin slightly crenulate; first metatarsomere with distinct carina on outer surface, such carina on second metatarsomere superficial. Male
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="7DE62CAEB6C07EDAAE755E589742B4FC" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">genitalia</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Median lobe of male genitalia bent approx 90 degrees, apex slightly bent ventrally (Fig. 38A); ventral margin straight in middle, slightly sinuate before apex; dorsal margin gradually curved; apical orifice large, slightly turned to left side, not opened on ventral side; apical lamella long, approx half length of apical orifice, laminate, not thickened; in dorsal view, apical lamella distinctly inclined to right, nearly triangular with rounded apex, apex a little enlarged, slightly hooked to left; apical lamella length approx 1.5 times basal width (Fig. 38B). Right paramere straight and fine, length approx 3.5 times greatest width, apex rounded (Fig. 38C). Endophallus (Fig. 38 D, E, F) bent to ventral side across apical lamella; gonopore (gp, gonopore lobe folded in Fig. 38) located at level of apical lamella, pointing to aedeagal base. Four distinct lobes recognized, the three (vb-I, vb-II, va) located on ventral side of endophallus strongly chitinized: ventral-basal lobe I (vb-I) close to base of apical lamella, very small, covered by vb-II, upper surface strongly chitinized, lower surface membranous; ventral-basal lobe II (vb-II) larger than vb-I, upper surface strongly chitinized, lower surface membranous, apex of lower surface distinctly projected; ventral-apical lobe (va) close to apex of apical lamella, approx same length as vb-II, upper surface strongly chitinized, its apex strongly prolonged and sinuate, lower surface membranous; right lobe (rl) small and rounded, decorated with fine scales. Female genitalia. Spermatheca (Fig. 54) with seminal canal approx 5.5 times as long as receptaculum; receptaculum capitate, club approx half length of receptaculum; spermathecal gland slightly expanded; seminal canal inserted at base of common oviduct, base of seminal canal sclerotized. Stylomere II with two ensiform setae at outer margin, and one near middle of inner margin; two short nematiform setae located in a furrow near apex. Female sternum VIII (Fig. 75B) with dense and fine spines on posterior margin; posterior margin rounded, shallowly notched in middle; posterior region well chitinized, anterior region also, middle transparent region V-shaped, almost adjacent to posterior notch in middle. Female tergum VIII (Fig. 75A) with anterior half chitinized, posterior half semi-chitinized pigmented with sparse spots, without transparent region in middle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0C86F4A1181F2ACA4C380726F64D2163" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="40C5FA42474F434F678A910E5D5EBA47" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="617C5D6C9A81B858C6E1A7F2510611C4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Most specimens of this species were collected from the type locality (Yizi pass) on the border between Meigu and Ebian County (Sichuan, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture). One female, slightly different from other specimens, was collected in Yele Reserve in Mianning County. (Map 2)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B04C8ADE72F9FA6CE73284509D94D6B8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF99358300C2552B03AC5DCDBE28B333" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A94461819E5B24DCC0A6D6166631D46C" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The scientific name of the new species comes from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F0DB3C6F01409CA81D9EB24A0B64A6D" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu">Zhygealu</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an honored hero in the Yi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1231D8EB7D319D4E0487C80A9E430B77" originalValue="people’s">people's</normalizedToken>
|
||
legend. Yi is the local nation living in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Sichuan Province), where all known species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB0F9E23A950D417AEC21910B269A954" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">agilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group are distributed. This species deserves a
|
||
<normalizedToken id="387EC026B882DF0AF72D7B9B27D68926" originalValue="hero’s">hero's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name as the largest-sized of all known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBDC097E7325D581E2914050DAAF1001" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">agilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0C944FA0CF390FD6A5D8C67130BC9902" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="affinities">
|
||
<paragraph id="7A85770CF85D0F9990340E7B2E6F8EFB" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Affinities.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62A383FCEE35D0936AE55CAACD80ECC" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
This new species is closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CEFED92D1051599E2BF1EF490CD3DC3" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">Pterostichus agilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Despite the difference in size, these two species are very similar in the following characters: (1) elytral microsculpture transverse or isodiametric; (2) male secondary sexual characters on the penultimate sternum; and (3) apical lamella of the aedeagus long and bent to the right. The type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71522C5A61BFFD3D2B69642A65EC3938" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus agilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">Pterostichus agilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Luojishan (Sichuan), a mountain approximately 150 km southwest of the Yizi Pass, which is the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E09CBD46BD0E9D6CD7B3ACB48B0D81" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus zhygealu</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AAB952CF035727A91C9FA6C768454A6E" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A9CDF3E73F1FB829CF238EC41A07D976" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="C45266E1DB1706C5BD3530A04EEC3CE1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="D2CF810CBA41AA451FF050E8831BA043" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">Habitat</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="526E50B023AF2D17521918E892F085F6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BE0B935721F38D50C8173303C8894EAE" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus zhygealu</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7E34294938F9DD027F18784E301CF0EE" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was collected in mixed forest with dominant large pines, and rich in dead logs. In daytime, they hide in dead logs, usually under bark. In nighttime, they come out, and can be trapped by pitfalls.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E846C2572DF839FC9044B38EB4D66459" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus zhygealu</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6CC3E1E68EDA8E61E6216D10F53E056F" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lives together with three other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DAAC1FDDDB8D0B7BB4C39D3CA865AAF" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Circinatus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Circinatus">Circinatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Among them,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2DE364E5B730641A232EE39CA518AD8E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus zhygealu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhygealu" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus zhygealu</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="02E271D0A3AF3B21F4217B91048EF007" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2822CA2642A4DF715217D3BEE3C393E9" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus adelphus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelphus" status="sp. nov.">Pterostichus adelphus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3E8CE7EF24AE0250D2EC82DC9D2D61FA" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are rarer than the other two species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EB3A82D5FE0388122940F4729A8785E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus bullatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatus">Pterostichus bullatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09049FFA86ECC820099FCCF706EBD267" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus cavazzutianus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavazzutianus">Pterostichus cavazzutianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F22578CF7FA6A1CD3647B909E410693B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="E2F2001A3DB93CE847B7FCC080810563" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A2B532FAF2C6569CCD7E6B38B35EB84" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">One female collected from Mianning County is slightly different from the holotype and the paratypes in the following characters: pronotum narrower, strongly narrowed to base, and body size small with a body length of 12.7 mm. Because of these morphological differences and a different locality (approximately 100 km NW of the type locality), we suspected that it might represent a different subspecies and excluded it from the type series.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |