treatments-xml/data/EC/0B/AE/EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71.xml

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<document id="93C9656A8BBC441173037DC487E6430F" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13876719" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1727824286122" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Adorador, Jiro T., Meneses, Zhereeleen D. &amp; Fernando, Edwino S." docDate="2020" docId="EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.429.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 429 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Pinanga samarana Beccari 1919" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="131" masterDocId="1032D6570F5EFFC57C0FFFF51C4FFF89" masterDocTitle="Pinanga gruezoi (Arecaceae), a new slender clustering palm from the Philippines with notes on an amended description of P. samarana" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="120" pageNumber="128" updateTime="1727828697439" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="84737DB962395809CD2F648F04756C29">Pinanga gruezoi (Arecaceae), a new slender clustering palm from the Philippines with notes on an amended description of P. samarana</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0CF539E7232FCC52D1E359D62F36BFE8">Adorador, Jiro T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E5C1ACB69763B60305C57F3D96EDC36F">Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4812FDAA51EF8CD24CEC0B014EDB4686">Meneses, Zhereeleen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="43FEB2EEB22128B0CD48E6714D6FA655">Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D2D50B8D2CBF4ADE55F11C38102E20FB">Fernando, Edwino S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="06E73655D97BBE7355B21A0F121073E1">Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="94219135184D215AF55794A4D108C0A1">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F56FFCD7C87F83F1D8EF86D" ID-CoL="4HY39" authority="Beccari" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[136,449,1994,2021]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F56FFCD7C87F83F1D2BF86C" bold="true" box="[136,356,1994,2021]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="128">Pinanga samarana</emphasis>
Beccari
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:—
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,
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,
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,
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1914,
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.
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(
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! [
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! [
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! [
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Solitary slender to moderately slender undergrowth palm, to
<quantity id="A35AB2DC0F57FFCC7F20FF6B1F15FF30" box="[815,858,158,185]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
tall.
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7F9DFF6B1F80FF31" bold="true" box="[914,975,158,184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Stem</emphasis>
<quantity id="A35AB2DC0F57FFCC7FDAFF6B1872FF30" box="[981,1085,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="cm" value="3.05" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.1">1.15 cm</quantity>
diam., internodes typically
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apart.
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7CDFFF371D12FF55" bold="true" box="[208,349,194,220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Crownshaft</emphasis>
elongate, cylindrical, slightly swollen. Leaves
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crown, sheath 2635.3(42) × 2.83.8(5) cm, yellowish green, glaucous, ligules inconspicuous to
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long, narrowly triangular.
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7896FF131880FE89" bold="true" box="[1177,1231,230,256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Leaf</emphasis>
without sheath but including typically to c.
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long, petiole c. to
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long, shallowly channelled adaxially, convex abaxially sparsely covered with thin glaucescence as sheath, rachis angular, typically c. 120 × (0.3)
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, bifacial adaxially and rounded abaxially with thin glaucescence similar to that of the petiole or glabrous. Leaflets 1027 per side of the rachis, coriaceous, subglabrescent, straight or ensiform to indistinctly subfalcate, variably 17-costulate, ± regularly arranged, 3.36.3(10.9) cm apart at the middle portion of rachis, the apex long acuminate, glossy green adaxially drying grayish, much paler green abaxially drying reddish-brown (when preserved in alcohol) and conspicuously microlepidote, furnished with midfixed ramenta along the midrib to
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long; basal leaflets 12(4)-costulate, 21.442.3(67.8) × 0.62.5(6.7) cm, middle leaflets 14-costulate, 22.548.9(64.4) × 0.82.8(7.0), apical leaflets (1)49-costulate, 17.932.2(45.5) × 0.92.7(6.8) cm, joined up to
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at the base along the rachis.
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7902FDDF19E4FDCD" bold="true" box="[1293,1451,554,580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Inflorescence</emphasis>
c. 1122(41) cm long, prophyll 15 ×
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, peduncle 1.01.7(2.5) cm, rachis 4.37.9(16.5) cm long, rachillae bracts gibbous,
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high, rachillae (10)1421, subdistichously- to spirally-arranged, (5.5)
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long; flowers distichously arranged.
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7DEFFD631EF9FD39" bold="true" box="[480,694,662,688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
c. 1.2 ×
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, calyx
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high, 3-lobed, joined at the base, petals valvate, 11.2 ×
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, broad to narrow oblique triangular, apex conspicuously apiculate, stamens 1415(19), filaments
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long, anther basifixed,
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long.
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7EFBFD2B1FF2FD71" bold="true" box="[756,957,734,760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
1.5 ×
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, with broadly ovate imbricate calyx and corolla lobes, margins ± fimbriate.
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7E83FCF71E85FC95" bold="true" box="[652,714,770,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Fruit</emphasis>
ovoid-ellipsoid to obovoid or globose, 1.21.7 ×
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, apex shortly conical to areolate, distichously arranged throughout rachillae or only at proximal part then spirally arranged distally, developing from greencreamorangeredreddish black, 1220(28) fruits per side of the rachis, set to
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apart., fruiting perianth 1.53 ×
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, somewhat broadened at the mouth.
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7810FC9B1818FC01" bold="true" box="[1055,1111,878,904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Seed</emphasis>
ovoidellipsoid to obovoid or globose, 0.91 ×
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, rounded apically, obliquely concave below.
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7F9FFC671FA2FC25" bold="true" box="[912,1005,914,940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Eophyll</emphasis>
bifid. (
<figureCitation id="FC9903BC0F57FFCC7830FC6718EFFC25" box="[1087,1184,914,940]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,200,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-26@5.[141,1447,175,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pinanga samarana Beccari from Samar Island. Leaflet variations: linear 1-costulate (A), subfalcate 2-costulate (B), and 3- costulate (C). Infructescence and rachillae architecture: drooping (D) or reflexed (E). Fruit arrangement along rachillae and fruit forms: the typical distichously-arranged ovoid-ellipsoid (F) or obovoid fruits (G), or distal portions of rachillae turning spiral with short-ovoid (H) or globose (I) fruits. Localities: Barangay Tenani, Paranas, Samar (A,E,G = from Adorador 003), Sitio Arizona, Barangay Cansolabao, Hinabangan, Samar (D,F = Adorador 025, I = Adorador 018 &amp; Rambacod), Barangay San Isidro, Paranas, Samar (H = Adorador 027). Scale bar: A = 30 cm, B = 40 cm, C = 60 cm, D &amp; E = 15 cm, F = 10 cm, GI = 2 cm. Photos AI (Jiro T. Adorador)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13876727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13876727/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Figure 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB84CB20F57FFCC7CB2FC431D7BF8B9" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="641D1F390F57FFCC7CB2FC431E78FC7C" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7CB2FC431DBEFC59" bold="true" box="[189,497,950,976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Distribution and Habitat:</emphasis>
—This palm was thought to be restricted to
<collectingRegion id="A666D1DB0F57FFCC7FECFC431864FC59" box="[995,1067,950,976]" country="Philippines" name="Samar" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Samar</collectingRegion>
Island but is now known to occur on
<collectingRegion id="A666D1DB0F57FFCC7CA4FC2F1D4BFC7D" box="[171,260,986,1012]" country="Philippines" name="Dinagat Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Dinagat</collectingRegion>
Island as a well (
<figureCitation id="FC9903BC0F57FFCC7DC8FC2F1E66FC7C" box="[455,553,986,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,197,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[139,1449,187,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. The distribution map of Pinanga samarana Beccari and closely related species based on herbarium records. The gray-shaded area approximates the c. 150 meters below sea level bathymetry line which shows several Pleistocene Aggregated Island Complexes (PAIC) (Heaney 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13876729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13876729/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Figure 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641D1F390F57FFCC7CB2FC0B1974FB0D" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7CB2FC0B1D3BFB91" bold="true" box="[189,372,1022,1048]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Local Name:—</emphasis>
The Waray (
<collectingRegion id="A666D1DB0F57FFCC7DF0FC0B1E07FB91" box="[511,584,1022,1048]" country="Philippines" name="Samar" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Samar</collectingRegion>
Island local inhabitants) guides generally referred to this palm as
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7935FC0B19E3FB91" box="[1338,1452,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">tagibunga</emphasis>
while the Mamanwa tribe (migrant indigenous people from Mindanao Island) occupying Km. 16, Tinabanan, Marabut,
<collectingRegion id="A666D1DB0F57FFCC7C87FBB31C9FFBE9" box="[136,208,1094,1120]" country="Philippines" name="Samar" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Samar</collectingRegion>
call this palm
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7D88FBB31E59FBE9" box="[391,534,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">salanguisog.</emphasis>
It is noteworthy, that the Manobo tribe (indigenous people from northeastern Mindanao) also use the latter vernacular name for
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F57FFCC7EB3FB9E1F29FB0D" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[700,870,1130,1156]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urdanetensis">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7EB3FB9E1F29FB0D" box="[700,870,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">P. urdanetensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as per notes of Elmer in
<bibRefCitation id="003362C80F57FFCC7887FB9F1960FB0D" author="Beccari, O." box="[1160,1327,1130,1156]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" pagination="2997 - 3607" refId="ref7444" refString="Beccari, O. (1919 b) Palms of the Philippine Islands. In: Elmer, A. D. E. (Ed.) Leaflets of Philippine Botany 8: 2997 - 3607." type="journal article" year="1919">Beccari 1919b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7CB2FB7B1E63FB21" bold="true" box="[189,556,1166,1192]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Other specimens examined:—</emphasis>
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.
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,
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,
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.
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.
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003
</emphasis>
(
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!
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!
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;
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.
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.
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011
</emphasis>
(
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!,
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!)
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;
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<collectingDate id="0058C0110F57FFCC78EFFB471938FB44" box="[1248,1399,1202,1229]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="2015-07-29">29 July 2015</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC798CFB4619DDFB45" box="[1411,1426,1203,1228]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7999FB4619E7FB45" box="[1430,1448,1203,1228]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7C87FB231CBAFB79" box="[136,245,1238,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Adorador</collectorName>
032
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7D34FB231D34FB79" box="[315,379,1238,1264]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" name="University of the Philippines at Los Baños" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">LBC</collectionCode>
!)
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;
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<location id="617D49E20F57FFCC7D99FB221ECCFB79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71:617D49E20F57FFCC7D99FB221ECCFB79" box="[406,643,1238,1265]" country="Philippines" name="Barangay San Isidro" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Barangay San Isidro</location>
,
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<collectingDate id="0058C0110F57FFCC7E9EFB231F2EFB79" box="[657,865,1238,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="2016-02-28">28 February 2016</collectingDate>
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,
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.
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.
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7FAFFB231842FB79" box="[928,1037,1238,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Adorador</collectorName>
027
</emphasis>
(
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!)
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;
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without exact locality,
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,
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D.
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.
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&amp;
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.
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(
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!),
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,
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,
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.
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.
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7DC3FAEB1E74FAB1" box="[460,571,1310,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Adorador</collectorName>
018 &amp;
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</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7F3EFAEB1F3EFAB1" box="[817,881,1310,1336]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" name="University of the Philippines at Los Baños" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">LBC</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D4CA15640F57FFCC7F85FAEB1900FAB1" box="[906,1359,1310,1337]" collectingDate="2015-07-19" collectionCode="J, T, LBC" collectorName="Adorador" country="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" specimenCount="1">
<date id="101C39F90F57FFCC7F85FAEB1853FAB0" box="[906,1052,1310,1337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="2015-07-19">
<collectingDate id="0058C0110F57FFCC7F85FAEB1853FAB0" box="[906,1052,1310,1337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="2015-07-19">19 July 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7828FAEA18BCFAB1" box="[1063,1267,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7828FAEA1879FAB1" box="[1063,1078,1311,1336]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7835FAEA1803FAB1" box="[1082,1100,1311,1336]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC785AFAEB188DFAB1" box="[1109,1218,1310,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Adorador</collectorName>
006
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC790DFAEB190DFAB1" box="[1282,1346,1310,1336]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" name="University of the Philippines at Los Baños" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">LBC</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D4CA15640F57FFCC7955FAEB1DBBFAD5" collectingDate="2015-07-24" collectionCode="J, T, LBC" collectorName="Adorador" country="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" specimenCount="1">
<date id="101C39F90F57FFCC7955FAEB1C8CFAD4" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="2015-07-24">
<collectingDate id="0058C0110F57FFCC7955FAEB1C8CFAD4" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="2015-07-24">24 July 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7CC2FAB61DD7FAD5" box="[205,408,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7CC2FAB61C93FAD5" box="[205,220,1347,1372]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7CEFFAB61CBDFAD5" box="[224,242,1347,1372]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7CF4FAB71D27FAD5" box="[251,360,1346,1372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Adorador</collectorName>
025
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7DA8FAB71DA8FAD5" box="[423,487,1346,1372]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" name="University of the Philippines at Los Baños" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">LBC</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D4CA15640F57FFCC7DF0FAB61CAFFA09" collectingDate="1948-04-21" collectionCode="PNH" collectorName="Sulit &amp; Conese" country="Philippines" elevation="200" location="Mt. Concord" municipality="Barangay Bagacay" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="847985430F57FFCC7DF0FAB61E9EFAD4" box="[511,721,1347,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Barangay Bagacay</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="617D49E20F57FFCC7ED3FAB61F22FAD5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71:617D49E20F57FFCC7ED3FAB61F22FAD5" box="[732,877,1346,1373]" country="Philippines" municipality="Barangay Bagacay" name="Mt. Concord" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Mt. Concord</location>
, c.
<quantity id="A35AB2DC0F57FFCC7F9EFAB71F98FAD4" box="[913,983,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="200.0">
<elevation id="EF8FF80A0F57FFCC7F9EFAB71F98FAD4" box="[913,983,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<date id="101C39F90F57FFCC7811FAB718F4FAD5" box="[1054,1211,1346,1372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="1948-04-21">
<collectingDate id="0058C0110F57FFCC7811FAB718F4FAD5" box="[1054,1211,1346,1372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="1948-04-21">21 April 1948</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC78CAFAB719E4FAD5" box="[1221,1451,1346,1373]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC78CAFAB718B7FAD5" box="[1221,1272,1346,1372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Sulit</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7914FAB61922FAD4" box="[1307,1389,1347,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Conese</collectorName>
2716
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7C9EFA931C9CFA09" box="[145,211,1382,1408]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15314" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15314" name="National Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">PNH</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D4CA15640F57FFCC7CE3FA9318F7FA09" box="[236,1208,1382,1409]" collectingDate="2016-02-19" collectionCode="J, T, LBC" collectorName="Adorador" country="Philippines" county="Marabut" location="Km" municipality="Barangay Tinabanan" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="8D7C67B50F57FFCC7CE3FA931D01FA09" box="[236,334,1382,1408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Marabut</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="847985430F57FFCC7D54FA921E09FA09" box="[347,582,1382,1409]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Barangay Tinabanan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="617D49E20F57FFCC7E5CFA921E32FA08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71:617D49E20F57FFCC7E5CFA921E32FA08" box="[595,637,1383,1409]" country="Philippines" county="Marabut" municipality="Barangay Tinabanan" name="Km" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Km</location>
16,
<date id="101C39F90F57FFCC7EBEFA931F31FA09" box="[689,894,1382,1408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="2016-02-19">
<collectingDate id="0058C0110F57FFCC7EBEFA931F31FA09" box="[689,894,1382,1408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="2016-02-19">19 February 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7F85FA921815FA09" box="[906,1114,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7F85FA921FD6FA09" box="[906,921,1383,1408]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7F92FA921FE0FA09" box="[925,943,1383,1408]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7FB5FA931868FA09" box="[954,1063,1382,1408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Adorador</collectorName>
082
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7864FA9318E4FA09" box="[1131,1195,1382,1408]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" name="University of the Philippines at Los Baños" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">LBC</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D4CA15640F57FFCC78CAFA921E97FA2D" collectingDate="1970-03" collectingDateMax="1970-04-31" collectingDateMin="1970-03" collectionCode="H, G, PNH" collectorName="Gutierrez" country="Philippines" location="Mt. Sohoton" municipality="Basey" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="847985430F57FFCC78CAFA921945FA08" box="[1221,1290,1383,1409]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Basey</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="617D49E20F57FFCC7918FA9219E8FA09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71:617D49E20F57FFCC7918FA9219E8FA09" box="[1303,1447,1382,1409]" country="Philippines" municipality="Basey" name="Mt. Sohoton" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Mt. Sohoton</location>
,
<date id="101C39F90F57FFCC7C87FA7F1D14FA2D" box="[136,347,1418,1444]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="1970-03" valueMax="1970-04-31" valueMin="1970-03-00">
<collectingDate id="0058C0110F57FFCC7C87FA7F1D14FA2D" box="[136,347,1418,1444]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="1970-03" valueMax="1970-04-31" valueMin="1970-03-00">MarchApril 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7D69FA7E1E34FA2D" box="[358,635,1418,1445]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7D69FA7E1D30FA2C" box="[358,383,1419,1445]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7D8CFA7E1DD6FA2C" box="[387,409,1419,1445]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7DADFA7E1E43FA2C" box="[418,524,1419,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Gutierrez</collectorName>
et al. 544
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7E86FA7F1E84FA2D" box="[649,715,1418,1444]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15314" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15314" name="National Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">PNH</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D4CA15640F57FFCC7EECFA7E1E49FA41" collectingDate="1971-05" collectionCode="A, PNH" collectorName="Madulid" country="Philippines" location="Guinmaayuhan" municipality="Balangiga" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Samar">
<collectingRegion id="A666D1DB0F57FFCC7EECFA7E1FBEFA2D" box="[739,1009,1418,1445]" country="Philippines" name="Eastern Samar" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Eastern Samar Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="847985430F57FFCC7FF3FA7F183FFA2D" box="[1020,1136,1418,1444]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Balangiga</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="617D49E20F57FFCC7875FA7F1967FA2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71:617D49E20F57FFCC7875FA7F1967FA2D" box="[1146,1320,1418,1444]" country="Philippines" municipality="Balangiga" name="Guinmaayuhan" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" stateProvince="Eastern Samar">Guinmaayuhan</location>
,
<date id="101C39F90F57FFCC793CFA7E19E9FA2D" box="[1331,1446,1418,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="1971-05">
<collectingDate id="0058C0110F57FFCC793CFA7E19E9FA2D" box="[1331,1446,1418,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="1971-05">May 1971</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7C87FA5A1DE9FA41" box="[136,422,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
D.
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7CACFA5A1CF8FA40" box="[163,183,1455,1481]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7CCBFA5B1D6CFA41" box="[196,291,1454,1480]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Madulid</collectorName>
et al. 1370
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7DB7FA5B1DB5FA41" box="[440,506,1454,1480]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15314" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15314" name="National Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">PNH</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D4CA15640F57FFCC7E1CFA5B18A8F999" collectingDate="2009-05-15" collectionCode="J, T, LBC, E, S, P" collectorName="Fernando &amp; Island &amp; Loreto &amp; Lillo &amp; Libjo" country="Philippines" county="Salcedo" elevation="55" location="Adorador" municipality="Barangay Carapadapan" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" specimenCode="LDLCP3, SP8, LDLP1, SP61" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dinagat Islands">
<collectingCounty id="8D7C67B50F57FFCC7E1CFA5B1E21FA41" box="[531,622,1454,1480]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Salcedo</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="847985430F57FFCC7E73FA5A1FCAFA41" box="[636,901,1454,1481]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Barangay Carapadapan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7F9DFA5A182DFA41" box="[914,1122,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7F9DFA5A1FEEFA41" box="[914,929,1455,1480]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7FAAFA5A1FF8FA41" box="[933,951,1455,1480]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">T</collectionCode>
.
<location id="617D49E20F57FFCC7FCDFA5B1860FA41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71:617D49E20F57FFCC7FCDFA5B1860FA41" box="[962,1071,1454,1480]" country="Philippines" county="Salcedo" municipality="Barangay Carapadapan" name="Adorador" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" stateProvince="Dinagat Islands">Adorador</location>
090
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC787CFA5B18FCFA41" box="[1139,1203,1454,1480]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" name="University of the Philippines at Los Baños" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">LBC</collectionCode>
!),
<quantity id="A35AB2DC0F57FFCC78C3FA5B1948FA40" box="[1228,1287,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="55.0">
<elevation id="EF8FF80A0F57FFCC78C3FA5B1948FA40" box="[1228,1287,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<date id="101C39F90F57FFCC795CFA5B1C8CFA65" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="2009-05-15">
<collectingDate id="0058C0110F57FFCC795CFA5B1C8CFA65" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="2009-05-15">15 May 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7CC2FA261DE2FA65" box="[205,429,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7CC2FA261C91FA65" box="[205,222,1491,1516]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7CECFA261CB9FA64" box="[227,246,1491,1517]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7D0FFA271D21FA65" box="[256,366,1490,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Fernando</collectorName>
2155
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7DB3FA271DB3FA65" box="[444,508,1490,1516]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" name="University of the Philippines at Los Baños" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">LBC</collectionCode>
!).
<collectingRegion id="A666D1DB0F57FFCC7E1DFA271E24FA65" box="[530,619,1490,1516]" country="Philippines" name="Dinagat Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Dinagat</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7E7EFA271EF5FA65" box="[625,698,1490,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Island</collectorName>
:
<collectingRegion id="A666D1DB0F57FFCC7ECCFA271FC7FA65" box="[707,904,1490,1516]" country="Philippines" name="Dinagat Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Dinagat Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7F9DFA261FAFFA64" box="[914,992,1491,1517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Loreto</collectorName>
,
<location id="617D49E20F57FFCC7FE5FA2718ECFA65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71:617D49E20F57FFCC7FE5FA2718ECFA65" box="[1002,1187,1490,1516]" country="Philippines" county="Salcedo" municipality="Barangay Carapadapan" name="Balitbiton forest" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" stateProvince="Dinagat Islands">Balitbiton forest</location>
,
<quantity id="A35AB2DC0F57FFCC78A2FA2718BCFA64" box="[1197,1267,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="179.0">
<elevation id="EF8FF80A0F57FFCC78A2FA2718BCFA64" box="[1197,1267,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="179.0">179 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 2016,
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7970FA261D19F999" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7970FA2619DFFA65" box="[1407,1424,1491,1516]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC799BFA2619E7FA65" box="[1428,1448,1491,1516]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7C87FA031CF2F999" box="[136,189,1526,1552]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Lillo</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="3404B7420F57FFCC7CCBFA031D65F999" box="[196,298,1526,1552]" collectionCode="LDLCP" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">LDLCP3</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="3404B7420F57FFCC7D25FA031D19F999" box="[298,342,1526,1552]" collectionCode="SP" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">SP8</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="02B387FC0F57FFCC7D69FA031DE9F999" box="[358,422,1526,1552]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14633" name="University of the Philippines at Los Baños" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">LBC</collectionCode>
!),
<collectorName id="C9577AEF0F57FFCC7DB1FA031DB1F999" box="[446,510,1526,1552]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Libjo</collectorName>
,
<location id="617D49E20F57FFCC7E07FA021EE2F999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71:617D49E20F57FFCC7E07FA021EE2F999" box="[520,685,1526,1553]" country="Philippines" county="Salcedo" municipality="Barangay Carapadapan" name="Paragua forest" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" stateProvince="Dinagat Islands">Paragua forest</location>
,
<quantity id="A35AB2DC0F57FFCC7EB8FA031EB1F998" box="[695,766,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="188.0">
<elevation id="EF8FF80A0F57FFCC7EB8FA031EB1F998" box="[695,766,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="188.0">188 m</elevation>
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elev., 2016,
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.
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.
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</emphasis>
(
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!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641D1F390F57FFCC7CB2F9EF1D7BF8B9" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7CB2F9EF1D9DF9BD" bold="true" box="[189,466,1562,1588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
The area of occupancy (AOO) of
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F57FFCC7F52F9EE1879F9BD" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[861,1078,1563,1588]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7F52F9EE1879F9BD" box="[861,1078,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Pinanga samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is estimated at
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<superScript id="93D7B2710F57FFCC7936F9EF190EF9A1" attach="left" box="[1337,1345,1562,1576]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">2</superScript>
, thus we regard this species as Endangered [EN B2 b(ii, iii) c(iii)]. Preliminary palm surveys conducted
<date id="101C39F90F57FFCC78ECF9CB19C4F9D1" box="[1251,1419,1598,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" value="2016-02">
February
<quantity id="A35AB2DC0F57FFCC795CF9CB19C4F9D1" box="[1363,1419,1598,1624]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12064" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="in" value="2016.0">2016</quantity>
</date>
in thirty-six
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×
<quantity id="A35AB2DC0F57FFCC7D44F9971DCBF9F4" box="[331,388,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
nested plots established across different forest
<typeStatus id="BB19A19B0F57FFCC7F9CF9961F81F9F4" box="[915,974,1635,1661]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">types</typeStatus>
at SINP, revealed that
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F57FFCC78D9F99619E4F9F5" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[1238,1451,1635,1660]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC78D9F99619E4F9F5" box="[1238,1451,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Pinanga samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred in 21 out of 36 plots and that it was the most abundant, erect palm species. We recorded 609 palm individuals (164 mature, 127 saplings, and 318 seedlings) (
<bibRefCitation id="003362C80F57FFCC7EAAF95F1F1CF94D" author="Adorador, J. T." box="[677,851,1706,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" refId="ref7247" refString="Adorador, J. T. (2016) Taxonomy and ecology of palms (Arecaceae) on Samar Island, Philippines. MSc Thesis, University of the Philippines - Los Banos, Philippines, 212 pp." type="book" year="2016">Adorador 2016</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7F53F95F186FF94D" box="[860,1056,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">unpublished data</emphasis>
). Despite high abundance in some areas, this species is threatened by fluctuating population sizes and continuing habitat degradation such as land-use conversion and/or illegal logging (on
<collectingRegion id="A666D1DB0F57FFCC7E31F9071EC9F885" box="[574,646,1778,1804]" country="Philippines" name="Samar" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Samar</collectingRegion>
Island) as well as mining activities planned in the area especially on
<collectingRegion id="A666D1DB0F57FFCC7C87F8E31CAEF8B9" box="[136,225,1814,1840]" country="Philippines" name="Dinagat Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Dinagat</collectingRegion>
Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB84CB20F57FFCE7CB2F8CF18D1FD71" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="641D1F390F57FFCC7CB2F8CF18BDF8DD" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,2093]" box="[189,1266,1850,1877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7CB2F8CF1D2BF8DD" bold="true" box="[189,356,1850,1876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Etymology:—</emphasis>
This palm is named after the island of its
<typeStatus id="BB19A19B0F57FFCC7F3BF8CE1F2BF8DC" box="[820,868,1851,1877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<collectingRegion id="A666D1DB0F57FFCC7FC4F8CF185CF8DD" box="[971,1043,1850,1876]" country="Philippines" name="Samar" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Samar</collectingRegion>
Island,
<collectingCountry id="1CB55FA90F57FFCC7863F8CF18A1F8DD" box="[1132,1262,1850,1876]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641D1F390F57FFCC7CB2F8AB1DE6F86D" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7CB2F8AB1D69F8F1" bold="true" box="[189,294,1886,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Notes:—</emphasis>
The description of the
<typeStatus id="BB19A19B0F57FFCC7E34F8AB1ED2F8F1" box="[571,669,1886,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7EBCF8AA1FC2F8F1" box="[691,909,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Ramos B.S. 17535</emphasis>
) from fragmentary material (few leaflets and immature infructescence) makes it difficult to delimit this taxon
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7F53F8761FEEF815" box="[860,929,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">in situ</emphasis>
. But several site visits, herbarium studies, and careful observations across the different forest formations permitted sound generalizations on the actual extent of its morphological variations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641D1F390F57FFCF7CB2F81A193FFD71" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastBlockId="10.[136,1452,158,761]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F57FFCC7CB2F81A1DDBF781" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[189,404,2031,2056]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="9" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F57FFCC7CB2F81A1DDBF781" box="[189,404,2031,2056]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="129">Pinanga samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as characterized by its solitary habit, moderately slender stem (
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diam.), non-mottled typically 13-costulate middle leaflets, and relatively few rachillae (ave. 14) belong to the Urosperma group which includes
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7CE5FF6A1E3CFF31" authority="Fernando (1994: 776)" authorityName="Fernando" authorityPageNumber="776" authorityYear="1994" box="[234,627,158,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaucifolia">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7CE5FF6A1CB4FF31" box="[234,251,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7D09FF6B1D30FF31" box="[262,383,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">glaucifolia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="003362C80F54FFCF7D8BFF6B1E3CFF31" author="Fernando, E. S." box="[388,627,158,184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" pagination="775 - 784" refId="ref7644" refString="Fernando, E. S. (1994) New species of Pinanga (Palmae: Arecoideae) from Luzon Island, Philippines. Kew Bulletin 49 (4): 775 - 784. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4118071" type="journal article" year="1994">Fernando (1994: 776)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7EABFF6A1858FF31" authority="Beccari (1909: 341)" authorityName="Beccari" authorityPageNumber="341" authorityYear="1909" box="[676,1047,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urosperma">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7EABFF6A1F7BFF31" box="[676,820,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P.urosperma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="003362C80F54FFCF7F36FF6B1858FF31" author="Beccari, O." box="[825,1047,158,184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" pagination="639 - 650" refId="ref7374" refString="Beccari, O. (1909) New or little - known Philippine palms. In: Elmer, A. D. E. (Ed.) Leaflets of Philippine Botany 2 (36): 639 - 650." type="book chapter" year="1909">Beccari (1909: 341)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. It also share superficial resemblance with
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7CCCFF361E36FF55" authority="Beccari (1919 b: 3008)" authorityName="Beccari" authorityPageNumber="3008" authorityYear="1919" box="[195,633,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urdanetensis">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7CCCFF361D20FF55" box="[195,367,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. urdanetensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="003362C80F54FFCF7D77FF371E36FF55" author="Beccari, O." box="[376,633,194,220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" pagination="2997 - 3607" refId="ref7444" refString="Beccari, O. (1919 b) Palms of the Philippine Islands. In: Elmer, A. D. E. (Ed.) Leaflets of Philippine Botany 8: 2997 - 3607." type="journal article" year="1919">Beccari (1919b: 3008)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which undoubtedly belongs to the widespread and highly polymorphic
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7C87FF121E78FE89" authority="Beccari (1889: 180)" authorityName="Beccari" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="1889" box="[136,567,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7C87FF121D0BFE89" box="[136,324,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. philippinensis</emphasis>
Beccari (1889: 180)
</taxonomicName>
complex of the Philippinensis group [
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7FF3FF13188DFE89" box="[1020,1218,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">unpublished data</emphasis>
] (
<tableCitation id="29202A820F54FFCF78D2FF131976FE89" box="[1245,1337,230,256]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[136,224,808,832]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological comparison of Pinanga samarana and closely related species in the Philippines. Character traits" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Broadly cicumscribed,
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7D3FFEFE1D8EFEAD" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[304,449,267,292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7D3FFEFE1D8EFEAD" box="[304,449,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a medium-sized solitary palm with glaucescent leaf sheath having entire margins, typically 2-costulate leaflets (sometimes variably 13-costulate) that are drying reddish-brown with microlepidote underneath, inflorescence with several (up to 21) subdistichous to spirally arranged rachillae, and relatively large (to 1.8 ×
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) distichously-set (or becoming spiral distally) ovoid-ellipsoidal to obovoid fruits. Particularly,
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF792FFE8219E4FE19" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[1312,1451,375,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF792FFE8219E4FE19" box="[1312,1451,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7D6EFE6E1DB6FE3D" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="1994" box="[353,505,410,436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaucifolia">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7D6EFE6E1DB6FE3D" box="[353,505,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. glaucifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the latter is different in its leaflets being abaxially glaucous without distinct microlepidote, fewer number of rachillae (610), and much larger ovoid-globose or sphaeroidal (2 ×
<quantity id="A35AB2DC0F54FFCF7910FE4B193CFE51" box="[1311,1395,446,472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" unit="cm" value="1.8">1.8 cm</quantity>
). On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7D32FE161D9DFE75" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1909" box="[317,466,483,508]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urosperma">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7D32FE161D9DFE75" box="[317,466,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. urosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is decidedly different from
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7F19FE161FECFE75" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[790,931,483,508]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7F19FE161FECFE75" box="[790,931,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its fewer rachillae number (45 vs.
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<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7CA9FDF21D7CFDA9" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[166,307,519,544]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7CA9FDF21D7CFDA9" box="[166,307,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and larger bullet-shaped fruits (up to 3.2 ×
<quantity id="A35AB2DC0F54FFCF7F20FDF31F31FDA9" box="[815,894,518,544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" unit="cm" value="1.8">1.8 cm</quantity>
).Meanwhile, as stated in the protologue (
<bibRefCitation id="003362C80F54FFCF795BFDF31C9DFDCD" author="Beccari, O." pageId="10" pageNumber="130" pagination="2997 - 3607" refId="ref7444" refString="Beccari, O. (1919 b) Palms of the Philippine Islands. In: Elmer, A. D. E. (Ed.) Leaflets of Philippine Botany 8: 2997 - 3607." type="journal article" year="1919">Beccari 1919b</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7CEBFDDE1DC3FDCD" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[228,396,554,580]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urdanetensis">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7CEBFDDE1DC3FDCD" box="[228,396,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. urdanetensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only differs from
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7E5CFDDE1E91FDCD" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[595,734,555,580]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7E5CFDDE1E91FDCD" box="[595,734,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its leaflets being abaxially grayish-brown when dried without conspicuous microlepidote and apparently smaller fruits (though only then known from immature fruits). But when
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7C87FD861D59FD05" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[136,278,627,652]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7C87FD861D59FD05" box="[136,278,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is altogether compared to the
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7E75FD861F7AFD05" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1889" box="[634,821,626,652]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7E75FD861F7AFD05" box="[634,821,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. philippinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, the latter significantly deviates in its habitat preference being found in lower to upper montane forests or 600more than
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elev., leaf sheath margins readily disintegrating into fibers and its surface covered with rust-brown to purplish lepidote, relatively smaller fruits (up to 1.4 ×
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) and the fruit pericarp typically turn creamish-pink just before maturation (orange in
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF78DBFD2A1910FD71" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[1236,1375,735,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF78DBFD2A1910FD71" box="[1236,1375,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">P. samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="30DD4FB10F54FFCF7C87FCDD19E8FCC9" box="[136,1447,808,832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" startId="10.[136,224,808,832]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="641D1F390F54FFCF7C87FCDD19E8FCC9" blockId="10.[136,1447,808,868]" box="[136,1447,808,832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7C87FCDD1CB4FCC9" bold="true" box="[136,251,808,832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Morphological comparison of
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7E48FCDC1F5CFCC9" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[583,787,809,832]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7E48FCDC1F5CFCC9" box="[583,787,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Pinanga samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and closely related species in the Philippines. Character traits
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="641D1F390F54FFCF7C87FCB91FF3FCED" blockId="10.[136,1447,808,868]" box="[136,956,844,868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<tableNote id="99441EB70F54FFCF7C87FCB91FF3FCED" box="[136,956,844,868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" targetBox="[144,1438,885,2004]" targetPageId="10">
lifted and updated from Beccari (1889, 1909, 1919a,b) and
<bibRefCitation id="003362C80F54FFCF7F0DFCB91FF7FCED" author="Fernando, E. S." box="[770,952,844,868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" pagination="775 - 784" refId="ref7644" refString="Fernando, E. S. (1994) New species of Pinanga (Palmae: Arecoideae) from Luzon Island, Philippines. Kew Bulletin 49 (4): 775 - 784. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4118071" type="journal article" year="1994">Fernando (1994)</bibRefCitation>
.
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641D1F390F54FFCF7D90FC83196BF85A" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<table id="16A2ED990F54003A7C9FFC8019D1F85D" box="[144,1438,885,2004]" gridcols="5" gridrows="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FFC8019D1FC02" box="[144,1438,885,907]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="994374070F54003A7D90FC801ECAFC02" box="[415,645,885,907]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Urosperma group</th>
<th id="994374070F54003A7897FC8019D1FC02" box="[1176,1438,885,907]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Philippinensis group</th>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FFC6919D1FC5F" box="[144,1438,924,982]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90FC691ECAFC5F" box="[415,645,924,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7D90FC5B1E13FC4A" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1919" box="[415,604,942,963]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarana">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7D90FC5B1E13FC4A" bold="true" box="[415,604,942,963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Pinanga samarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFFC691F35FC5F" box="[672,890,924,982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7EAFFC5B1F2AFC4D" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="1994" box="[672,869,942,964]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaucifolia">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7EAFFC5B1F2AFC4D" bold="true" box="[672,869,942,964]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Pinanga glaucifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92FC6918CEFC5F" box="[925,1153,924,982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7F92FC5B182DFC4A" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1909" box="[925,1122,942,963]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urosperma">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7F92FC5B182DFC4A" bold="true" box="[925,1122,942,963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Pinanga urosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897FC6919D1FC5F" box="[1176,1438,924,982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7897FC6918BAFC5F" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F54FFCF7897FC691932FC3B" authorityName="Beccari" authorityYear="1889" box="[1176,1405,924,946]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="philippinensis">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F54FFCF7897FC691932FC3B" bold="true" box="[1176,1405,924,946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Pinanga philippinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DE57E500F54FFCF798DFC6919D1FC38" box="[1410,1438,924,945]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(solitary)
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FFC1D19D1FBCC" box="[144,1438,1000,1093]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FFC1D1DC3FBCC" box="[144,396,1000,1093]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">DISTRIBUTION (PAIC; island or/and biogeographic subregion)</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90FC1D1ECAFBCC" box="[415,645,1000,1093]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Greater Mindanao; Samar and Dinagat</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFFC1D1F35FBCC" box="[672,890,1000,1093]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Greater Luzon; Bicol peninsula</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92FC1D18CEFBCC" box="[925,1153,1000,1093]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Greater Luzon; northeastern part</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897FC1D19D1FBCC" box="[1176,1438,1000,1093]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">widepsread</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FFBA219D1FB18" box="[144,1438,1111,1169]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FFBA21DC3FB18" box="[144,396,1111,1169]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">ELEVATION RANGE (m elev.)</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90FBA21ECAFB18" box="[415,645,1111,1169]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">lowland to lower montane, up to c. 600</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFFBA21F35FB18" box="[672,890,1111,1169]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">lowland forests, c. 300</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92FBA218CEFB18" box="[925,1153,1111,1169]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">lowland forests, c. 300</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897FBA219D1FB18" box="[1176,1438,1111,1169]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">lower to upper montane forests, c. 600—&gt;2,000</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FFB5719D1FB3E" box="[144,1438,1186,1207]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FFB5719D1FB3E" box="[144,1438,1186,1207]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">MORPHOLOGY</th>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FFB3C19D1FB56" box="[144,1438,1225,1247]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FFB3C1DC3FB56" box="[144,396,1225,1247]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Stem diameter (cm)</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90FB3C1ECAFB56" box="[415,645,1225,1247]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">5</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFFB3C1F35FB56" box="[672,890,1225,1247]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">6</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92FB3C18CEFB56" box="[925,1153,1225,1247]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">5</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897FB3C19D1FB56" box="[1176,1438,1225,1247]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">6.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FFB0419D1FA8E" box="[144,1438,1265,1287]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FFB041DC3FA8E" box="[144,396,1265,1287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Leaf sheath margins</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90FB041ECAFA8E" box="[415,645,1265,1287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">intact, entire</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFFB041F35FA8E" box="[672,890,1265,1287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">intact, entire</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92FB0418CEFA8E" box="[925,1153,1265,1287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">intact, entire</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897FB0419D1FA8E" box="[1176,1438,1265,1287]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">disintegrating, fibrous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FFAED19D1FAFF" box="[144,1438,1304,1398]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FFAED1DC3FAFF" box="[144,396,1304,1398]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Leaf sheath surface</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90FAED1ECAFAFF" box="[415,645,1304,1398]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">with grayish white indumentum</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFFAED1F35FAFF" box="[672,890,1304,1398]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">with grayish brown indumentum</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92FAED18CEFAFF" box="[925,1153,1304,1398]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">with grayish (to purplish) brown indumentum</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897FAED19D1FAFF" box="[1176,1438,1304,1398]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">with rust- brown lepidote over grayish brown indumentum</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FFA7219D1FA48" box="[144,1438,1415,1473]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FFA721DC3FA48" box="[144,396,1415,1473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Tyipcal middle leaflet costulation</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90FA721ECAFA48" box="[415,645,1415,1473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">2 (±variable)</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFFA721F35FA48" box="[672,890,1415,1473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">1</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92FA7218CEFA48" box="[925,1153,1415,1473]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">2</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897FA7219D1FA48" box="[1176,1438,1415,1473]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">1 (±variable)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FFA2619D1F984" box="[144,1438,1491,1549]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FFA261DC3F984" box="[144,396,1491,1549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Leaflet abaxial surface</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90FA261ECAF984" box="[415,645,1491,1549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">subglabrescent, with distinct microlepidote</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFFA261F35F984" box="[672,890,1491,1549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">distinctly glaucescent, without microlepidote</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92FA2618CEF984" box="[925,1153,1491,1549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">subglabrescent, without microlepidote</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897FA2619D1F984" box="[1176,1438,1491,1549]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">subglabrescent, without microlepidote</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FF9EB19D1F9D1" box="[144,1438,1566,1624]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FF9EB1DC3F9D1" box="[144,396,1566,1624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Leaflet colour when dried</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90F9EB1ECAF9D1" box="[415,645,1566,1624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">brown above, reddish- brown below</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFF9EB1F35F9D1" box="[672,890,1566,1624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">brown on both sides</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92F9EB18CEF9D1" box="[925,1153,1566,1624]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">brown above, purplish- brown below</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897F9EB19D1F9D1" box="[1176,1438,1566,1624]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">brown above, reddish (to purplish) brown below</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FF99C19D1F9F6" box="[144,1438,1641,1663]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FF99C1DC3F9F6" box="[144,396,1641,1663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Number of rachillae</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90F99C1ECAF9F6" box="[415,645,1641,1663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">10 to 21</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFF99C1F35F9F6" box="[672,890,1641,1663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">610</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92F99C18CEF9F6" box="[925,1153,1641,1663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">45</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897F99C19D1F9F6" box="[1176,1438,1641,1663]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">1430</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FF96419D1F942" box="[144,1438,1681,1739]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FF9641DC3F942" box="[144,396,1681,1739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Rachillae architecture at fruiting</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90F9641ECAF942" box="[415,645,1681,1739]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">arching-reflexed</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFF9641F35F942" box="[672,890,1681,1739]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">arching-reflexed</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92F96418CEF942" box="[925,1153,1681,1739]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Pendulous</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897F96419D1F942" box="[1176,1438,1681,1739]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">arching-reflexed</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FF92919D1F89F" box="[144,1438,1756,1814]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FF9291DC3F89F" box="[144,396,1756,1814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Flower clusters arrangement</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90F9291ECAF89F" box="[415,645,1756,1814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">distichous or becoming spiral</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFF9291F35F89F" box="[672,890,1756,1814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">distichous</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92F92918CEF89F" box="[925,1153,1756,1814]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">Distichous</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897F92919D1F89F" box="[1176,1438,1756,1814]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">distichous or becoming spiral</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FF8D219D1F8E8" box="[144,1438,1831,1889]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FF8D21DC3F8E8" box="[144,396,1831,1889]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Fruit shape</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90F8D21ECAF8E8" box="[415,645,1831,1889]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">ovoid-ellipsoid to globose to obovoid</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFF8D21F35F8E8" box="[672,890,1831,1889]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">depressed globose</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92F8D218CEF8E8" box="[925,1153,1831,1889]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">ovoid-ellipsoid with</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897F8D219D1F8E8" box="[1176,1438,1831,1889]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">ovoid-ellipsoid with short acute apex</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FF88619D1F825" box="[144,1438,1907,1964]" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FF8861DC3F825" box="[144,396,1907,1964]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Fruit apex</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90F8861ECAF825" box="[415,645,1907,1964]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">short conical to areolate apex</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFF8861F35F825" box="[672,890,1907,1964]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">areolate</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92F88618CEF825" box="[925,1153,1907,1964]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">narrow-conical apex</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897F88619D1F825" box="[1176,1438,1907,1964]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">short acute</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA921D7B0F54003A7C9FF84B19D1F85D" box="[144,1438,1982,2004]" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
<th id="994374070F54003A7C9FF84B1DC3F85D" box="[144,396,1982,2004]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">· Fruit dimension (cm)</th>
<td id="994374070F54003A7D90F84B1ECAF85D" box="[415,645,1982,2004]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">up to 1.8 × 1</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7EAFF84B1F35F85D" box="[672,890,1982,2004]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">up to 2 × 1.8</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7F92F84B18CEF85D" box="[925,1153,1982,2004]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">up to 3.2 × 1.5</td>
<td id="994374070F54003A7897F84B19D1F85D" box="[1176,1438,1982,2004]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">up to 1.4 × 0.8</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641D1F390F55FFCE7CB2FF6A1ECFFD05" blockId="11.[136,1452,158,761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">
We documented several leaflet costulation
<typeStatus id="BB19A19B0F55FFCE7E99FF6A1E9EFF30" box="[662,721,159,185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">types</typeStatus>
among different populations found on various forests
<typeStatus id="BB19A19B0F55FFCE7929FF6A192EFF30" box="[1318,1377,159,185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">types</typeStatus>
which could be affected by wind flow and the amount of light penetrating though the canopy (
<bibRefCitation id="003362C80F55FFCE786AFF37195BFF55" author="Svenning, J. C." box="[1125,1300,194,220]" pageId="11" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref7842" refString="Svenning, J. C. (2001) On the role of microenvironmental heterogeneity in the ecology and diversification of neotropical rain-forest palms (Arecaceae). Botanical Review 67: 1 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02857848" type="journal article" year="2001">Svenning 2001</bibRefCitation>
). The leaflets of palms thriving over limestone are the most unusual being linear 1-costulate (
<figureCitation id="FC9903BC0F55FFCE7817FF1318D7FE89" box="[1048,1176,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,200,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-26@5.[141,1447,175,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pinanga samarana Beccari from Samar Island. Leaflet variations: linear 1-costulate (A), subfalcate 2-costulate (B), and 3- costulate (C). Infructescence and rachillae architecture: drooping (D) or reflexed (E). Fruit arrangement along rachillae and fruit forms: the typical distichously-arranged ovoid-ellipsoid (F) or obovoid fruits (G), or distal portions of rachillae turning spiral with short-ovoid (H) or globose (I) fruits. Localities: Barangay Tenani, Paranas, Samar (A,E,G = from Adorador 003), Sitio Arizona, Barangay Cansolabao, Hinabangan, Samar (D,F = Adorador 025, I = Adorador 018 &amp; Rambacod), Barangay San Isidro, Paranas, Samar (H = Adorador 027). Scale bar: A = 30 cm, B = 40 cm, C = 60 cm, D &amp; E = 15 cm, F = 10 cm, GI = 2 cm. Photos AI (Jiro T. Adorador)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13876727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13876727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">Figure 4 A</figureCitation>
), while those inhabiting lowland forests typically are subfalcate 2-costulate (
<figureCitation id="FC9903BC0F55FFCE7EDDFEFF1F02FEAD" box="[722,845,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,200,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-26@5.[141,1447,175,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pinanga samarana Beccari from Samar Island. Leaflet variations: linear 1-costulate (A), subfalcate 2-costulate (B), and 3- costulate (C). Infructescence and rachillae architecture: drooping (D) or reflexed (E). Fruit arrangement along rachillae and fruit forms: the typical distichously-arranged ovoid-ellipsoid (F) or obovoid fruits (G), or distal portions of rachillae turning spiral with short-ovoid (H) or globose (I) fruits. Localities: Barangay Tenani, Paranas, Samar (A,E,G = from Adorador 003), Sitio Arizona, Barangay Cansolabao, Hinabangan, Samar (D,F = Adorador 025, I = Adorador 018 &amp; Rambacod), Barangay San Isidro, Paranas, Samar (H = Adorador 027). Scale bar: A = 30 cm, B = 40 cm, C = 60 cm, D &amp; E = 15 cm, F = 10 cm, GI = 2 cm. Photos AI (Jiro T. Adorador)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13876727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13876727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">Figure 4 B</figureCitation>
) and those from forest over ultramafic sites are linear 3-costulate (
<figureCitation id="FC9903BC0F55FFCE7D1CFEDB1DDCFEC1" box="[275,403,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,200,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-26@5.[141,1447,175,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pinanga samarana Beccari from Samar Island. Leaflet variations: linear 1-costulate (A), subfalcate 2-costulate (B), and 3- costulate (C). Infructescence and rachillae architecture: drooping (D) or reflexed (E). Fruit arrangement along rachillae and fruit forms: the typical distichously-arranged ovoid-ellipsoid (F) or obovoid fruits (G), or distal portions of rachillae turning spiral with short-ovoid (H) or globose (I) fruits. Localities: Barangay Tenani, Paranas, Samar (A,E,G = from Adorador 003), Sitio Arizona, Barangay Cansolabao, Hinabangan, Samar (D,F = Adorador 025, I = Adorador 018 &amp; Rambacod), Barangay San Isidro, Paranas, Samar (H = Adorador 027). Scale bar: A = 30 cm, B = 40 cm, C = 60 cm, D &amp; E = 15 cm, F = 10 cm, GI = 2 cm. Photos AI (Jiro T. Adorador)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13876727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13876727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">Figure 4 C</figureCitation>
). The rachillae architecture ranges between drooping to slightly arching (
<figureCitation id="FC9903BC0F55FFCE78DAFEDB191BFEC1" box="[1237,1364,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,200,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-26@5.[141,1447,175,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pinanga samarana Beccari from Samar Island. Leaflet variations: linear 1-costulate (A), subfalcate 2-costulate (B), and 3- costulate (C). Infructescence and rachillae architecture: drooping (D) or reflexed (E). Fruit arrangement along rachillae and fruit forms: the typical distichously-arranged ovoid-ellipsoid (F) or obovoid fruits (G), or distal portions of rachillae turning spiral with short-ovoid (H) or globose (I) fruits. Localities: Barangay Tenani, Paranas, Samar (A,E,G = from Adorador 003), Sitio Arizona, Barangay Cansolabao, Hinabangan, Samar (D,F = Adorador 025, I = Adorador 018 &amp; Rambacod), Barangay San Isidro, Paranas, Samar (H = Adorador 027). Scale bar: A = 30 cm, B = 40 cm, C = 60 cm, D &amp; E = 15 cm, F = 10 cm, GI = 2 cm. Photos AI (Jiro T. Adorador)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13876727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13876727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">Figure 4 D</figureCitation>
) and to spreading and reflexed (
<figureCitation id="FC9903BC0F55FFCE7D9DFEA71E43FEE5" box="[402,524,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,200,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-26@5.[141,1447,175,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pinanga samarana Beccari from Samar Island. Leaflet variations: linear 1-costulate (A), subfalcate 2-costulate (B), and 3- costulate (C). Infructescence and rachillae architecture: drooping (D) or reflexed (E). Fruit arrangement along rachillae and fruit forms: the typical distichously-arranged ovoid-ellipsoid (F) or obovoid fruits (G), or distal portions of rachillae turning spiral with short-ovoid (H) or globose (I) fruits. Localities: Barangay Tenani, Paranas, Samar (A,E,G = from Adorador 003), Sitio Arizona, Barangay Cansolabao, Hinabangan, Samar (D,F = Adorador 025, I = Adorador 018 &amp; Rambacod), Barangay San Isidro, Paranas, Samar (H = Adorador 027). Scale bar: A = 30 cm, B = 40 cm, C = 60 cm, D &amp; E = 15 cm, F = 10 cm, GI = 2 cm. Photos AI (Jiro T. Adorador)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13876727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13876727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">Figure 4 E</figureCitation>
). Meanwhile, fruit arrangement along rachillae could be well-spaced and distichous throughout or the dense-clustered and spiral in distal portions. Fruit shapes vary from ovoid-ellipsoid, obovoid, short ovoid to globose (
<figureCitation id="FC9903BC0F55FFCE7D58FE6F1DA2FE3D" box="[343,493,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,200,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-26@5.[141,1447,175,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pinanga samarana Beccari from Samar Island. Leaflet variations: linear 1-costulate (A), subfalcate 2-costulate (B), and 3- costulate (C). Infructescence and rachillae architecture: drooping (D) or reflexed (E). Fruit arrangement along rachillae and fruit forms: the typical distichously-arranged ovoid-ellipsoid (F) or obovoid fruits (G), or distal portions of rachillae turning spiral with short-ovoid (H) or globose (I) fruits. Localities: Barangay Tenani, Paranas, Samar (A,E,G = from Adorador 003), Sitio Arizona, Barangay Cansolabao, Hinabangan, Samar (D,F = Adorador 025, I = Adorador 018 &amp; Rambacod), Barangay San Isidro, Paranas, Samar (H = Adorador 027). Scale bar: A = 30 cm, B = 40 cm, C = 60 cm, D &amp; E = 15 cm, F = 10 cm, GI = 2 cm. Photos AI (Jiro T. Adorador)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13876727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13876727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">Figure 4 FI</figureCitation>
). As observed
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F55FFCE7E99FE6E1E91FE3D" box="[662,734,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">in-situ</emphasis>
, both rachillae morphology and fruit arrangement are possibly shaped by constrained expansion during early development within the prophyll and mechanical displacement of fruits upon maturity due to mutual pressure. The pigment of the fruit also seemed to be affected by light availability and edaphic conditions. Pericarp exhibits more orange colouration before maturity when developing under shade and growing on soils on top of limestone while it is recorded to be just lightly orange when more exposed to light and thriving on ultramafic soils. Likewise, individuals exhibiting combinations of these leaf and fruit characters were also encountered hence its broad circumscription.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641D1F390F55FFCE7CB2FD6318D1FD71" blockId="11.[136,1452,158,761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">
Below is a conspectus of tentative functional groups of Philippine
<taxonomicName id="A3A264BA0F55FFCE7F97FD621FB8FD39" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1838" box="[920,1015,663,688]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pinanga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="11" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F55FFCE7F97FD621FB8FD39" box="[920,1015,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">Pinanga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on analyses of literature (heavily modified from
<bibRefCitation id="003362C80F55FFCE7D3DFD4F1DA9FD5D" author="Beccari, O." box="[306,486,698,724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="131" pagination="295 - 359" refId="ref7416" refString="Beccari, O. (1919 a) The palms of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science (Botany) 14: 295 - 359." type="journal article" year="1919">Beccari (1919a)</bibRefCitation>
and herbarium studies. Among the derived groups, only the Maculata group has been treated before (
<bibRefCitation id="003362C80F55FFCE7D3EFD2B1E53FD71" author="Fernando, E. S." box="[305,540,734,760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="131" pagination="165 - 174" refId="ref7614" refString="Fernando, E. S. (1988) The mottled - leaved species of Pinanga in the Philippines. Principes 32 (4): 165 - 174." type="journal article" year="1988">
Fernando
<emphasis id="56D6C32B0F55FFCE7DABFD2A1D93FD71" box="[420,476,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="131">et al.</emphasis>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
) while the others are subject to future taxonomic studies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>