251 lines
32 KiB
XML
251 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="4471135EFA2C8A3339E168BC71BDB7F8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188380" ID-GBIF-Dataset="25063d2c-11e8-4607-8b55-f9bb53e36d30" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188380" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461091519474" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Flowers, Wills" docDate="2009" docId="C1396B38FFC7FF92FF3DFC89260EFD89" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02131p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2131" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Apterodina achuparia Flowers, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="3D001340FFC7FF90FFAAFF872339FF80" masterDocTitle="A second species of Apterodina (Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae) from Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698588308740" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="E9B913282EF3CD0EA087779128DB7E39" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E59D2CA325EEEB35E2E605F98A851C7B">
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<mods:title id="F652017CE4D567642F98860383CEEAD0">A second species of Apterodina (Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae) from Ecuador</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="07A34FA5999C7205C2B27F752FA532E1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EFEFDF527F44ED6F6C8076BA27E08F5E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2879880ED293FB65C05BA5688027431E">Flowers, Wills</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="81EC84D646A2266846A717F58645A164">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="05BF30E229423738A649CB48F22E4A87">
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<mods:title id="B9B9F90531A67ED79A08A0631C60082D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="433E88D8E3151598206CEDB3070204C1">
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<mods:date id="9BE4A1F4D1A6DB97C72D580CCEECE462">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="895B395AEE8D1AD19AD3E1AF5CC162F8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1FF41D4F78604190D74069EFE6C88010">2131</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B7BD0E2D3D65A529F3E2C3CF74DCCD3D">65</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1A76F7FB46BB9B9245C67459134056AA">68</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="B9831AF6AD9B628CBD79F4CA9C84F4AD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FC054A3B544DDCCA4C93E7511FB9B71D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FE648AB38E4BD9ADAC51B692EB677B34" type="GBIF-Dataset">25063d2c-11e8-4607-8b55-f9bb53e36d30</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6956F8259690E2962FACEB0BC37EDA68" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1BA41441B63868E147FE62B694A4A9D7" type="Zenodo-Dep">188380</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C1396B38FFC7FF92FF3DFC89260EFD89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6212325" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119619608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6212325" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C1396B38FFC7FF92FF3DFC89260EFD89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1396B38FFC7FF92FF3DFC89260EFD89" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="018A89A5FFC7FF90FF3DFC892220FCC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="492FDA2EFFC7FF90FF3DFC8921B8FCA6" blockId="0.[151,641,782,837]" box="[151,641,782,806]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="12676D42FFC7FF90FF3DFC8921B8FCA6" bold="true" box="[151,641,782,806]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC7FF90FF3DFC8921B8FCA6" bold="true" box="[151,641,782,806]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC7FF90FF3DFC8922D5FCA6" authority="Flowers" authorityName="Flowers" box="[151,492,782,806]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achuparia" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC7FF90FF3DFC8922B0FCA6" bold="true" box="[151,393,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Apterodina achuparia</emphasis>
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Flowers
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="60D7BB47FFC7FF90FE5DFC892145FCA6" box="[503,636,782,806]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="492FDA2EFFC7FF90FF3DFCA92220FCC5" blockId="0.[151,641,782,837]" box="[151,281,814,837]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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(
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<figureCitation id="D1ABC6ABFFC7FF90FF35FCA92228FCC5" box="[159,273,814,837]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1 – 4" captionStart-1="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId-0="1.[151,258,1151,1175]" captionStartId-1="1.[151,269,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox-0="[358,1238,318,1102]" captionTargetBox-1="[273,1317,1269,1775]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[340,1248,298,1127]" captionTargetId-1="figure@1.[240,1346,1231,1800]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionText-0="FIGURE 1 – 4. Apterodina achuparia. Figs. 1 – 2, holotype male: 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view. Figs. 3 – 4. allotype female:." captionText-1="FIGURES 5 – 10. Apterodina achuparia. Figs. 5 – 7, male genitalia: 5. median lobe; 6, apical sclerite; 7, apex of median lobe. Fig. 8, spermatheca. Fig. 9, hind wing. Fig. 10, metendosternite." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/188381/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/188382/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Figs. 1–10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="018A89A5FFC7FF90FF3DFCF42199F8F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="492FDA2EFFC7FF90FF3DFCF420A9F99D" blockId="0.[151,1437,883,1981]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC7FF90FF3DFCF4227FFC0B" bold="true" box="[151,326,883,907]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<typeStatus id="962B648CFFC7FF90FF3DFCF423C6FC0B" box="[151,255,883,907]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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Male.
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</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="8E6877CBFFC7FF90FE0AFCF322CCFC0B" box="[416,501,884,907]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
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. Head, pronotum, elytra and underside shining coppery-black; antenna and apical three segments of the abdomen reddish brown. Legs dark reddish brown (
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<figureCitation id="D1ABC6ABFFC7FF90FC2AFC1120D3FC2D" box="[896,1002,918,941]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 – 4" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1151,1175]" captionTargetBox="[358,1238,318,1102]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[340,1248,298,1127]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1 – 4. Apterodina achuparia. Figs. 1 – 2, holotype male: 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view. Figs. 3 – 4. allotype female:." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188381/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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). Apex of labrum rounded, clypeus and vertex microreticulate with strongly aciculate punctures. Prothorax distinctly wider than long, L/W = 0.63; pronotum strongly convex, anterior angles acute, directed antero-laterally; lateral margins narrow, undulate at middle, strongly converging in apical third, with widest part of pronotum anterior to middle; disc regularly, finely punctate, with punctures separated by a distance greater than their own diameters, and with fine punctulae between punctures. Prosternum large and trapezoidal behind coxae, with long setae, surface wrinkled; intercoxal process shallowly concave, its posterior margin weakly convex, lateral angles quadrate; width of intercoxal process 0.8 x diameter of procoxa. Mesosternum flat between coxae, strongly depressed anterior to mesocoxae, wrinkled with long yellow setae. Metasternum narrow between meso- and metacoxae, alutaceous, with short yellow setae. Metendosternite Y–shaped, basal stalk short, lateral arms narrow (
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<figureCitation id="D1ABC6ABFFC7FF90FD84FB492147FB65" box="[558,638,1230,1253]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,269,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,1269,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[240,1346,1231,1800]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Apterodina achuparia. Figs. 5 – 7, male genitalia: 5. median lobe; 6, apical sclerite; 7, apex of median lobe. Fig. 8, spermatheca. Fig. 9, hind wing. Fig. 10, metendosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188382/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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). Elytra inflated, punctate in disorderly rows, punctures becoming weak in apical fourth, with punctures separated by distance greater than the diameter of a puncture; surface between punctures smooth with scattered small punctulae; humeri not prominent, broadly rounded, width across humeri subequal to width across pronotum; basal calli obsolete; postbasal depression lacking. Sides of elytra broadly rounded, convergent; apices rounded. Inner surface of elytra lacking binding sites.
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<collectingCountry id="31879ABEFFC7FF90FD70FADE2036FAF0" box="[730,783,1369,1392]" name="India" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Hind</collectingCountry>
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wing reduced to a narrow strap (
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<figureCitation id="D1ABC6ABFFC7FF90FBD8FADE278AFAF0" box="[1138,1203,1369,1392]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,269,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,1269,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[240,1346,1231,1800]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Apterodina achuparia. Figs. 5 – 7, male genitalia: 5. median lobe; 6, apical sclerite; 7, apex of median lobe. Fig. 8, spermatheca. Fig. 9, hind wing. Fig. 10, metendosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188382/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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), vein R thick, a field of short seta at its apex. Tip of wing folded back over wing surface in living beetle. Scutellum V-shaped. Abdomen with scattered prostrate setae; surface of segments alutaceous. Sternum VII with lateral margins smooth, a weak depression in center. Median lobe in lateral view smoothly curved (
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<figureCitation id="D1ABC6ABFFC7FF90FD49FA46201FFA58" box="[739,806,1473,1496]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,269,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,1269,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[240,1346,1231,1800]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Apterodina achuparia. Figs. 5 – 7, male genitalia: 5. median lobe; 6, apical sclerite; 7, apex of median lobe. Fig. 8, spermatheca. Fig. 9, hind wing. Fig. 10, metendosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188382/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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); apex broadly rounded with median point (
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<figureCitation id="D1ABC6ABFFC7FF90FAA0FA462677FA58" box="[1290,1358,1473,1496]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,269,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,1269,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[240,1346,1231,1800]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Apterodina achuparia. Figs. 5 – 7, male genitalia: 5. median lobe; 6, apical sclerite; 7, apex of median lobe. Fig. 8, spermatheca. Fig. 9, hind wing. Fig. 10, metendosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188382/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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); basal hood long, lightly sclerotized, with apodemes distinct at lateral margins of hood; subbasal fenestra present; basal spurs prominent; tegmen triangular; apical sclerite small, rod shaped (
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||
<figureCitation id="D1ABC6ABFFC7FF90FCEBF98120BAF99D" box="[833,899,1542,1565]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,269,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,1269,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[240,1346,1231,1800]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Apterodina achuparia. Figs. 5 – 7, male genitalia: 5. median lobe; 6, apical sclerite; 7, apex of median lobe. Fig. 8, spermatheca. Fig. 9, hind wing. Fig. 10, metendosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188382/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="492FDA2EFFC7FF90FF6CF9AE2199F8F8" blockId="0.[151,1437,883,1981]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC7FF90FF6CF9AE22BEF9C1" bold="true" box="[198,391,1577,1601]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Allotype Female.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="8E6877CBFFC7FF90FE4AF9AE210CF9C0" box="[480,565,1577,1600]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
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; color similar to male (
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||
<figureCitation id="D1ABC6ABFFC7FF90FC86F9AE20ADF9C0" box="[812,916,1577,1600]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 – 4" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1151,1175]" captionTargetBox="[358,1238,318,1102]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[340,1248,298,1127]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1 – 4. Apterodina achuparia. Figs. 1 – 2, holotype male: 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view. Figs. 3 – 4. allotype female:." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188381/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
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). Head with labrum, frons, clpyeus and antennae similar to male; mouthparts similar to male. Prothorax distinctly wider than long, L/W = 0.65; pronotum as in male, evenly punctate on disc, with punctures separated by distance equal to or slightly greater than their own diameters. Prosternum similar to male, but with width of intercoxal process 1.2 x diameter of procoxa; somewhat smoother and more inflated between procoxae, posterior margin straight. Mesosternum, metasternum and metepisternum as in male. Elytra with scattered punctation in basal two thirds, becoming punctate-striate in apical third. A strong lateral carina runs along lateral margin of elytra above epipleuron; carina interrupted behind humerus (
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<figureCitation id="D1ABC6ABFFC7FF90FB9EF97E274FF890" box="[1076,1142,1785,1808]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 – 4" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1151,1175]" captionTargetBox="[358,1238,318,1102]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[340,1248,298,1127]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1 – 4. Apterodina achuparia. Figs. 1 – 2, holotype male: 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view. Figs. 3 – 4. allotype female:." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188381/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Abdomen with segments VIII–IX forming elongate ovipositor. Sternum VIII with a long aciculate apodeme; gonocoxae slender, with long setae in apical half, coxostyli small with long apical setae. Spermatheca (
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<figureCitation id="D1ABC6ABFFC7FF90FCCCF8B92091F8D5" box="[870,936,1854,1877]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,269,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,1269,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[240,1346,1231,1800]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Apterodina achuparia. Figs. 5 – 7, male genitalia: 5. median lobe; 6, apical sclerite; 7, apex of median lobe. Fig. 8, spermatheca. Fig. 9, hind wing. Fig. 10, metendosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188382/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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) with pump and receptacle not differentiated, spermathecal duct long, thin, and densely coiled.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="018A89A5FFC7FF91FF6CF8042650FF74" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="492FDA2EFFC7FF90FF6CF804214AF83D" blockId="0.[151,1437,883,1981]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC7FF90FF6CF804227EF81B" bold="true" box="[198,327,1923,1947]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The epithet
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<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC7FF90FE7AF8032104F81B" box="[464,573,1924,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achuparia">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC7FF90FE7AF8032104F81B" box="[464,573,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">achuparia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is an arbitrary combination of letters derived from Achuparias, the name of the township where this species was discovered.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="492FDA2EFFC6FF91FF6CFF102650FF74" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FF6CFF1022F0FF2F" bold="true" box="[198,457,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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||
(3 ♂♂, 2 ΨΨ) Male
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<typeStatus id="962B648CFFC6FF91FD54FF1F20B3FF2F" box="[766,906,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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labelled:
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<collectingCountry id="31879ABEFFC6FF91FBB9FF1F27AEFF2F" box="[1043,1175,152,175]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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, Bolívar, Achuparias, Guaranda–Caluma hwy. betw. Km 7 & 8.
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<geoCoordinate id="2CA4BCE9FFC6FF91FDC4FF3D21D1FF51" box="[622,744,186,209]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-1.59971">S01.59971</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2CA4BCE9FFC6FF91FD5EFF3D20BEFF51" box="[756,903,186,209]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-79.05371">W079.05371</geoCoordinate>
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||
;
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||
<quantity id="8E6877CBFFC6FF91FC39FF3D20DDFF51" box="[915,996,186,209]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0189999999999997" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="3019.0">3019m</quantity>
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.
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<date id="3D2EFCEEFFC6FF91FC45FF3D27BEFF51" box="[1007,1159,186,209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" value="2008-01-26">26–ene–2008</date>
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. R.W. Flowers (MECN). Female ALLOTYPE (same data as
|
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<typeStatus id="962B648CFFC6FF91FDB9FF5A214DFF74" box="[531,628,221,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
)(MECN).
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||
<typeStatus id="962B648CFFC6FF91FD4FFF5A2041FF74" box="[741,888,221,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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(2 ♂♂, 1 ΨΨ) same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="962B648CFFC6FF91FB0BFF5A2639FF74" box="[1185,1280,221,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) (FSCA).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="1DEF8AA6FFC6FF91FF3DFBF823D7FB39" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188381/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[358,1238,318,1102]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="492FDA2EFFC6FF91FF3DFBF823D7FB39" blockId="1.[151,1436,1151,1209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FF3DFBF82202FB17" bold="true" box="[151,315,1151,1175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 1–4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC6FF91FEE8FB072101FB17" box="[322,568,1152,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achuparia">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FEE8FB072101FB17" box="[322,568,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Apterodina achuparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Figs. 1–2, holotype male: 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view. Figs. 3–4. allotype female:.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1DEF8AA6FFC6FF91FF3DF8892046F8C8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188382/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[273,1317,1269,1775]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="492FDA2EFFC6FF91FF3DF8892046F8C8" blockId="1.[151,1436,1806,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FF3DF8892269F8A6" bold="true" box="[151,336,1806,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">FIGURES 5–10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC6FF91FEF5F8882173F8A6" box="[351,586,1807,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achuparia">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FEF5F8882173F8A6" box="[351,586,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Apterodina achuparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Figs. 5–7, male genitalia: 5. median lobe; 6, apical sclerite; 7, apex of median lobe. Fig. 8, spermatheca. Fig. 9, hind wing. Fig. 10, metendosternite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="018A89A5FFC6FF92FF6CF8F1260EFD89" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="492FDA2EFFC6FF92FF6CF8F12064FF74" blockId="1.[151,1436,1910,2038]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,521]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FF6CF8F1227CF80E" bold="true" box="[198,325,1910,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Of the known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC6FF91FD27F8F0203DF80E" box="[653,772,1911,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FD27F8F0203DF80E" box="[653,772,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Apterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC6FF91FCB2F8F02092F80E" box="[792,939,1911,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achuparia">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FCB2F8F02092F80E" box="[792,939,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">A. achuparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC6FF91FC46F8F027CCF80E" authority="Bechyne" authorityName="Bechyne" box="[1004,1269,1911,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FC46F8F027B2F80E" box="[1004,1163,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">A. granulifera</emphasis>
|
||
Bechyné
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have sexually dimorphic elytra with sublateral costae in the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC6FF91FD4FF81D2048F831" box="[741,881,1946,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achuparia">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FD4FF81D2048F831" box="[741,881,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">A. achuparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and posthumeral tubercles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC6FF91FB04F81D267CF831" box="[1198,1349,1946,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FB04F81D267CF831" box="[1198,1349,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">A. granulifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(known only from the female).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC6FF91FE3FF83B21BCF853" box="[405,645,1980,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achuparia">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FE3FF83B21BCF853" box="[405,645,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Apterodina achuparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC6FF91FCBDF83B20CEF853" authority="Flowers" authorityName="Flowers" box="[791,1015,1980,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bechynei">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FCBDF83B20AFF853" box="[791,918,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">A. bechynei</emphasis>
|
||
Flowers
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC6FF91FBA9F83B27FCF853" authority="Bechyne" authorityName="Bechyne" box="[1027,1221,1980,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FBA9F83B2765F853" box="[1027,1116,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">A. bucki</emphasis>
|
||
Bechyné
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC6FF91FAAAF83B23C9F876" authority="Flowers" authorityName="Flowers" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruminyahui">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC6FF91FAAAF83B26A5F853" box="[1280,1436,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">A. ruminyahui</emphasis>
|
||
Flowers
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a distinct greenish sheen in both sexes (the other species are black, bronzy black, or dark brown,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D01A7DFFFC5FF92FF3DFF1F2214FF2F" author="Flowers" box="[151,301,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Flowers, R. W. (2004) New flightless Eumolpinae of the genera Apterodina Bechyne and Brachypterodina n. gen. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the Neotropics. Zootaxa 549, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2004">Flowers 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The hind wings of three of the known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FCE8FF1F2080FF2F" box="[834,953,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC5FF92FCE8FF1F2080FF2F" box="[834,953,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Apterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FC62FF1F276DFF2F" box="[968,1108,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achuparia">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC5FF92FC62FF1F276DFF2F" box="[968,1108,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">A. achuparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FBCAFF1F278EFF2F" box="[1120,1207,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC5FF92FBCAFF1F278EFF2F" box="[1120,1207,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">A. bucki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC5FF92FB5AFF1F264CFF2F" box="[1264,1397,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FB5AFF1F2654FF2F" box="[1264,1389,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bechynei">A. bechynei</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are vestigial but retain a well developed R vein with a field of short setae at its apex. Other veins are weakly indicated, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FF3DFF5A221AFF74" box="[151,291,221,244]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achuparia">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC5FF92FF3DFF5A221AFF74" box="[151,291,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">A. achuparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing more vein traces than the other two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="492FDA2EFFC5FF92FF6CFE872771FE67" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
With new knowledge of the genus provided by the discovery of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FCDEFE8720C6FE97" box="[884,1023,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achuparia">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC5FF92FCDEFE8720C6FE97" box="[884,1023,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">A. achuparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FBA7FE8727BDFE97" box="[1037,1156,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC5FF92FBA7FE8727BDFE97" box="[1037,1156,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Apterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
now appears to be related to a complex of Neotropical taxa in which a propensity to strong sexual dimorphism in the development of the female elytra is expressed. The widespread genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FDDFFEC2207BFEDC" authority="Gistl" authorityName="Gistl" box="[629,834,325,348]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachypnoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC5FF92FDDFFEC2203FFEDC" box="[629,774,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Brachypnoea</emphasis>
|
||
Gistl
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most familiar of these taxa. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FAAEFEC226ACFEDC" box="[1284,1429,325,348]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachypnoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC5FF92FAAEFEC226ACFEDC" box="[1284,1429,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Brachypnoea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some, but not all,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FECEFEEF22D8FEFF" box="[356,481,360,383]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC5FF92FECEFEEF22D8FEFF" box="[356,481,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Apterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have more strongly sculptured elytra in the females. This character is most strongly expressed (when it is) laterally around the humeri, where the male siezes the female during copulation. This raises the possible explanation of differential sexual selection, as recently described in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FC52FE2A26A1FE44" authority="Bergsten and Miller 2007" authorityName="Bergsten and Miller" authorityYear="2007" box="[1016,1432,429,452]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Dytiscidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D01A7DFFFC5FF92FBD2FE2A26A9FE44" author="Bergsten" box="[1144,1424,429,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Bergsten, B. & Miller, K. B. (2007) Phylogeny of diving beetles reveals a coevolutionary arms race between the sexes. Public Library of Science One 6: e 522. www. plosone. org (accessed 15 - XI- 2008)" type="journal article" year="2007">Bergsten and Miller 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but observations focused on this possiblity have not yet been made for the Eumolopinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="492FDA2EFFC5FF92FF6CFE75260EFD89" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,521]" box="[198,1335,498,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E90A1ADFFC5FF92FE1CFE752114FD89" box="[438,557,498,521]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE4063CFFC5FF92FE1CFE752114FD89" box="[438,557,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Apterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated with the following keys (updated from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D01A7DFFFC5FF92FB26FE75260AFD89" author="Flowers" box="[1164,1331,498,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Flowers, R. W. (2004) New flightless Eumolpinae of the genera Apterodina Bechyne and Brachypterodina n. gen. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the Neotropics. Zootaxa 549, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2004">Flowers (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |