444 lines
49 KiB
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444 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce2a2763-3c4d-4be7-b56d-7a8c7e27608b" ID-PMC="PMC7297811" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-939-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" ID-PubMed="32577083" ID-ZooBank="B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-939-87" checkinTime="1591794867056" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Caldara, Roberto & Tosevski, Ivo" docDate="2020" docId="B5BBE85B3B1F56AD9F0B995DDC6DDC31" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 939: 87-165" docOrigin="ZooKeys 939" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" docTitle="Mecinus pirazzolii" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1732487594982" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7835717F88251D28C70D156B8FCA57A5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9A3AAB0E0DB738B76F6B520EAD87863A">
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<mods:title id="C70722FA79ED53750B349F2BD84D37FF">Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="24A69651205082FB200E478E9BEF79AC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1596DEAA650643EEA55B1DD2D8E3514A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B84E6D0CF9EAF386F8890143BA48F06F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4F95E08A9A58824E1FEA379E70D3D533">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5A2F70B36B948D5EB9D76C6F14A260AE">Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A0C5FF4F41FFB88439F8B62A8E37AB19" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0D700FB0D8D9FE70BF21D8922109B5B6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="911C49387DDDCA3EF6420694203A4A13">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="67AFDF1D626CD8344466C04D24CE14A0">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D137F6AB1EDB69CC7FF4DA50D015C184" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5A6F8AE9303EA812130A0DC4B1EBFE97" type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="89F4F1CAAF8BD2B987A17768E80D9AE7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="904C2A7CA5E40D9ED4E0AA80495B5C00">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D3C576856E42864B821CB77ABF82362C">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C664F3E67CC9867B09BAC96B1E33DF8">Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B44AC34A88BEC6FD746E501B9BF7718C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9F970BD8706CBF4F7BC11E48A1DF45E9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BD209FBB53BE6AD535232313273746F2">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="31E81A571D2C2FD0EA492D21EF317B8E">CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland & Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080, Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F700E46C6E2E8B79C52F1758DE3DFD29">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B49F3E23D68D41FAAC663728657F2A78">
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<mods:title id="E840C640DDE351A3B1DD4C394D00503A">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="AF8D066C3E13BF5389AA89D569108661">
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<mods:date id="EC5FCFE522A64A810C6400C28685C15E">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A7006281329ACDB9B3BD417D57670B3D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A8C1DEFE795AF8420E1587A17F0FFFBA">939</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="F07FA6253309D8E29E28B02ABB29AECE" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="867314BE5EBE44B66F403F3D54456641">87</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CCD35F70EB9ACA5682A20121D7159C20">165</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="1A3E30915B0DE6D977FE2B6D5515EBC0">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="076250DF1FD2DD3AD4D323017EBE8C55">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3CEFDC85E1B819EE5F9FD295196F1745" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BF8AA6CE10AA0E3C8397326018605718" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-939-87</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="56C22BBB7B815C62526B0A8C8B20A535" type="ZooBank">B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8891C5120EAE703A3ABB4E054C5E276D" type="Pensoft-UUID">DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="B5BBE85B3B1F56AD9F0B995DDC6DDC31" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164500618" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5BBE85B3B1F56AD9F0B995DDC6DDC31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5BBE85B3B1F56AD9F0B995DDC6DDC31" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
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<subSubSection id="28A1D7B4BE578A922586802E6379AD50" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BFFE1DFDE3CD4A7562604CE0DA384C74" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName id="AE14248809759790568296E6A087C548" ID-CoL="3YK9M" LSID="B5BBE85B-3B1F-56AD-9F0B-995DDC6DDC31" authority="(Stierlin, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Stierlin" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pirazzolii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pirazzolii">Mecinus pirazzolii (Stierlin, 1867)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9078C84E9DF62B8F98AE9B6A54E731B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A776A06F080C7C1851BAE44C95B3CDCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="408D7651BB62314B91A83011DBCF8609" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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20 L3 larvae and 10 pupae, Serbia, Veliko
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<normalizedToken id="DE29E7373EFEF13BF6DB1254B15DAE2C" originalValue="Gradište">Gradiste</normalizedToken>
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, 14.07.2017,
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<geoCoordinate id="1575FB6E1B061E86945079C4413F7587" degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="45.039" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.75065">44°45.039'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="207991B6603AC471ADD6F12E3BF59E44" degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="31.426" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="21.523767">21°31.426'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 86 m.,
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<emphasis id="DFF91AC381AAABAE8C9AE6D9AC269B0B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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ex
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<taxonomicName id="0CA80BAA6DD759CABFE057767AC40DC4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago arenaria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenaria">Plantago arenaria</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, lgt. I.
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<normalizedToken id="4740FB820C27591E09BF0F46733B3CBC" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
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. Accession numbers of sequenced specimens MN992011 (larva), MN992012 (pupa).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="087288474EE82BDC25CF5B7D2DC233FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5270D74A6FF7049FAD3078710B9822E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8D7B8054441F4A8D68ACF32018E1889" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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(Figures
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<figureCitation id="4CF2825111587FF81CA8B0EDD53F6F0A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7A-D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="01FDABD5512FCB650A216620CDD9BDFB" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8A-F</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="304F70033291B1DE750353004DED77DF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
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(in mm). Body length: 1.40-2.00. Body width (metathorax): 0.73-1.00. Head width: 0.36-0.40.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E42FB567348917DE6D9AB0F19A6F227" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="DDB8C916B5AE285DE2F4C84D2514B8DD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
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(Figure
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<figureCitation id="2C782AD19A8053E82948EEF45E9AA52E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7A-D</figureCitation>
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) white, slender, curved. Chaetotaxy of thoracic segments relatively well developed, setae capilliform, different in length, light yellow; on abdominal segments almost invisible (except dorsal parts of abdominal segments IX and X). Prothorax (Figure
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<figureCitation id="4DB14F305A3B33C671AD180BA80529B1" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7B</figureCitation>
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) with eight
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<emphasis id="DA25861BBB7BD0EA15C0F3A831F55EB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
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of unequal length (seven relatively long and one medium), two relatively long
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<emphasis id="F4C6FDBBF57984A39A989485630AE877" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
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and one short
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<emphasis id="A2394F428FFF9943F58E11F068014B43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
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Meso- and metathorax (Figure
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<figureCitation id="1AE69FD4EB9A3BE2141A32DB960CF764" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7B</figureCitation>
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) with one medium
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<emphasis id="508E0A17E4BF2192E5921A482B30DCC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
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, two long
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<emphasis id="21B7783F98176F4B65569E7A63F88038" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
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, equal in length, one long
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<emphasis id="DFA9936A22595320B2270584B60B1F5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
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, three
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<emphasis id="FDC352A95273447B55B5DAFD9F802BE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
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different in length (two relatively long, one short), one long
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<emphasis id="FB65011AA8ED107C7D8F7412E2F74972" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
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, one long
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<emphasis id="DBB747DAABB4AEB20D11803438D80572" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
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and one short
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<emphasis id="C905E5BB89C559C91E05B60B763AB2B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
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Pedal area with five long
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<emphasis id="D385440946688EE4BBF34583EA4A2E66" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
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, equal in length. Abdominal segments I-VIII (Figure
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<figureCitation id="15A904CA27F065C4647439133B4CD718" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7C, D</figureCitation>
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) with one very short
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<emphasis id="EA6BFC3BF2282AF11CFA598D5C7DA992" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
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, three short
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<emphasis id="4C26C47D88EF447CBCD279184E684ACC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
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(on segment VIII medium, equal in length), arranged along posterior margin, two minute
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<emphasis id="E4E23FB7F3A3311D606B43363B8CC15C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
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, one short
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<emphasis id="D344EA1D5E5FE0BED91BD0D92B5AC40A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
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, one short
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<emphasis id="A968D296A22BBCB352E148FEF5DBCE78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
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, one short
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<emphasis id="B5606E0311A7753657F6C74C5A9F9FF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
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and two short
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<emphasis id="35333E5AC3C710E1D01C9BA91DB2641A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
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Abdominal segment IX (Figure
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<figureCitation id="B27174145AAFCA4397FAB6CFD5BD876F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7D</figureCitation>
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) with three medium
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<emphasis id="63CF45A350C8FEC5D2FFC13EA699269A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
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, all located close to posterior margin, one short
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<emphasis id="1D6CB5E92A94D17E2897EB317BE718B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
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and two short
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<emphasis id="0A90E7F587E22BB0B3A9FD597781D186" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts.</emphasis>
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Each of anal lobes with one minute seta.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="28F722927BCDAC9B64B5B3D40AA23235" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph id="261AEB74F36573FA89A793922FDCBB30" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="7042FF4C95E5A8302A9D251178180211" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="193F1B807E4924A5DA5B0B52BA3842E3" baseAuthorityName="Stierlin" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pirazzolii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pirazzolii">
|
|
<emphasis id="2EF3DB668361ABD6C09F02C2142D1BBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pirazzolii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy
|
|
<emphasis id="6A5A3ADAD7FC4A7873B7CC7B9C6AE4C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
|
habitus of the body and frontal view of the head
|
|
<emphasis id="CB5333B40894F165FA70C128C9BB2FB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view of thoracic segments
|
|
<emphasis id="309F0C1E6FCCEEF1B5BC1AEA1402E39A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view of abdominal segment I
|
|
<emphasis id="FEC2D0E0454AAC97913CB2DF069C1961" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae:
|
|
<emphasis id="B5EDFD4BD2B27E9D1414B051807E3427" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
|
|
- alar,
|
|
<emphasis id="85A00E7D9027040907E50F70E211E147" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
|
|
- dorsal,
|
|
<emphasis id="7E73524E6C3AA681D4671208FEA70B2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
|
|
- epipleural,
|
|
<emphasis id="CE9BBEDB21AB10BCE476FCDB29183424" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus</emphasis>
|
|
- eusternal,
|
|
<emphasis id="A81884F999B0F9397F8B7D61534F69AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
|
|
- laterosternal,
|
|
<emphasis id="A9AB5CF7BDB9CE5720E3F523A0F3E3B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
|
|
- pedal,
|
|
<emphasis id="E5F44279C7DEA80A7BE2B0F2FD586F19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
|
|
- postdorsal,
|
|
<emphasis id="EE5E715C156F62BF0B5BC3A43D72F4FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
|
|
- pronotal,
|
|
<emphasis id="99B6FAE4BB4DEE333FDFD52F167ECCF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
|
|
- prodorsal,
|
|
<emphasis id="989237A1A00DAA551F3CB833BA7E0A69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
|
|
- pleural,
|
|
<emphasis id="4BECAFDCAC0A23646DB1015A3BE5A0EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
|
|
- spiracular,
|
|
<emphasis id="BC8BD16DB3DD9DF247B02D1AF1E90F1F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts</emphasis>
|
|
- sternal,
|
|
<emphasis id="042BEF441DF2AA75690919C3F76E3A3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ts</emphasis>
|
|
- terminal.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="F372941DE81F67923CEABCE286834804" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<emphasis id="4224270C9E7F314B380F046362CC8FE7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Head capsule</emphasis>
|
|
(Figures
|
|
<figureCitation id="988DBF09D117F6F1C07570C2FD5F6BE9" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419861" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">7A</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="B4C61FE5265C4574219812209ED6C354" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8A-C</figureCitation>
|
|
) light white, almost rounded.
|
|
<emphasis id="2B04A5ED72E30CEAB1ACB03AEDD29142" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Des1,3,5</emphasis>
|
|
long;
|
|
<emphasis id="C3D488EF871D4F45D2C5D3B8B69A21FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des2</emphasis>
|
|
two times shorter than
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC03E4B3F2AC8AFAD455B88287C613C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
|
|
;
|
|
<emphasis id="A2CA000B88CEDA7ED92032DF0EA7A938" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
|
|
three times shorter than
|
|
<emphasis id="D637D8B0DD2DDA677E6EC2B2338CC53F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="DA4219AFB5D0DD7FEF182A5F3B46EE2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Fs4,5</emphasis>
|
|
equal in length, almost as long as
|
|
<emphasis id="B39C27CF408ABDD27196644381ED6209" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="9ADEF5EA9A51689B330B7C7392CE3B8C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Les1</emphasis>
|
|
medium,
|
|
<emphasis id="164A5BC8251E7A671D37E8DA9DF95964" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">les2</emphasis>
|
|
long; one very short
|
|
<emphasis id="1080B40E2157CDAE9B05E363E994786F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
|
|
, and one
|
|
<emphasis id="A10CD1798F74E7A72CBF600B9CE91F51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
|
|
(Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="35E668EB82C81E6A0B19D9EA6B209D0F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Antennae (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="CF5082EA7AADEAA0FEA4BB98940E279D" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8B</figureCitation>
|
|
) with conical, elongated sensorium (Se), four times as long as wide, and three sensilla basiconica. Clypeus (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="09AC64AB0B791656FF65987F69A41A7F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8C</figureCitation>
|
|
) trapezium-shaped, anterior margin slightly concave;
|
|
<emphasis id="C335A5CA1CF561AC2693C5FD08CA70F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls2</emphasis>
|
|
short;
|
|
<emphasis id="45AFD5354847C584FABB24643CBDDA52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
|
|
situated close to
|
|
<emphasis id="FE8525016B7AB35D24CF1148944D3268" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls2</emphasis>
|
|
. Labrum (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="F9DA12285D2890FB2AE78D91886FBB3B" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8C</figureCitation>
|
|
) narrow, trapezium-shaped, anterior margin slightly sinuate;
|
|
<emphasis id="8791E258C6E0359DE3A69B55341B305D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs1</emphasis>
|
|
long,
|
|
<emphasis id="AB4E1F6D914D5DCDF39EB870856AAF9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs2</emphasis>
|
|
medium
|
|
<emphasis id="3AEDED2DF945E20ACC15244E00527E00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs3</emphasis>
|
|
short. Epipharynx (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="D8F8335B593AFBED5111506F2395E312" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8D</figureCitation>
|
|
) with three finger-like
|
|
<emphasis id="4B161B49EEBB0C7A828B748A40B0B021" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
|
|
of almost equal length; two medium finger-like
|
|
<emphasis id="06824D6E67F225B34324C0641FDA8BE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
|
|
; two short finger-like
|
|
<emphasis id="2EF8B0BAD15810BE9CD20EB71969C686" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
|
|
; surface smooth; labral rods very short, rounded. Mandibles (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="AEB02A939016A912B2464DC466334D6C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8E</figureCitation>
|
|
) conical, rather wide, with a small protuberance in the middle of the cutting edge; both
|
|
<emphasis id="805703CD71B52C92E2180B6348B250B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
|
|
capilliform, medium, equal in length, placed transversely. Maxilla (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE1924057E198F857EEFB3B659055095" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8F</figureCitation>
|
|
) with one
|
|
<emphasis id="8B244A192501FAC5E6261ACEAE1E932B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
|
|
and two
|
|
<emphasis id="774BC5C7946859AFACC3DAEBD6B27711" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
|
|
of equal length;
|
|
<emphasis id="8EA7FB998193449110AAEA1794B4B212" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
|
|
short; mala with six long rod-like
|
|
<emphasis id="E14F29A772A4A3B1DA5A8B5A167A4EAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
|
|
of almost equal size, five
|
|
<emphasis id="F19E78E0A2FE1E2B61B868BAF8D0265B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
|
|
different in length. Maxillary palpi: basal palpomere distinctly wider and longer than distal. Prelabium (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="219263DAF0D4C73276A534C5B59AA999" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8F</figureCitation>
|
|
) cup-like with one long
|
|
<emphasis id="EA36E15EDEA983858461AB6342C50260" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
|
|
; ligula with two short
|
|
<emphasis id="62328E2E97A4501865022B188DB00082" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
|
|
; premental sclerite clearly visible, cup-shaped, posterior extension with acute apex. Postlabium (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="5AE746BB11F1EA43007669142F43CAE6" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">8F</figureCitation>
|
|
) with medium
|
|
<emphasis id="25B03ECCDEA458FC00E8F3992D6403D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms1</emphasis>
|
|
, medium
|
|
<emphasis id="E53AAA45F2C77DE99C6A4FA3DE81E9A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms2</emphasis>
|
|
, and short
|
|
<emphasis id="29037793B98C244FB2447FEA0C5600AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms3</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="35135AFD3D81872E836C73E7D34CFF24" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419862" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
|
<paragraph id="736F716F0BD5FB34405AAC85432FFE28" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<emphasis id="BA0B3E6A4D2C5FB2EB3B26F26A249259" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="724159CD5A6BE2838B27885D53D7F738" baseAuthorityName="Stierlin" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pirazzolii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pirazzolii">
|
|
<emphasis id="809633A66763FAF169C3D34F51A9BE0C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pirazzolii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
mature larva, head and mouth parts
|
|
<emphasis id="5BBACECB3BF40FE540E3D3AFF8C46C8E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
|
head, frontal view
|
|
<emphasis id="E89CF7B174AEFC991E2F102D50990B0F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
|
antenna
|
|
<emphasis id="28077AB0A1E8F8B39A2C284550230F7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
|
clypeus and labrum, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="2F0135715B9DC5D8B40CCD60F8975DCF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
|
|
epipharynx
|
|
<emphasis id="F3958FB2A80503A6DD55D1AB73F1B336" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
|
|
left mandible
|
|
<emphasis id="0A9A52F79D46D354FB15E4654C7C6DB0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
|
|
maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis id="19BDE9C1E9C86F112AA300325CBC633B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">at</emphasis>
|
|
- antenna,
|
|
<emphasis id="45C0AD8C92D78FCFEDC32C43D09D461F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des</emphasis>
|
|
- dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae:
|
|
<emphasis id="3F07D810BD834B92208DB27F18FC96F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
|
|
- anterolateral,
|
|
<emphasis id="F0CF017B21F98D89618C55E902C9D056" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
|
|
- anteromedial,
|
|
<emphasis id="41C5D29FDDC2688362D766063B694B5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
|
|
- clypeal,
|
|
<emphasis id="C6CAB74DB5944B74F12EC4EF6C1D5761" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
|
|
- dorsal malar,
|
|
<emphasis id="C30FEA5C7BB88F305C501755BE87229D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs</emphasis>
|
|
- frontal,
|
|
<emphasis id="52F02A0E3C1FEB95521C5EAE0C995C9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
|
|
- ligular,
|
|
<emphasis id="2923C0D603AF21B02C322F383685EEAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs</emphasis>
|
|
- labral,
|
|
<emphasis id="D82C53AE946F8FA726188CAA197DC1A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
|
|
- lateral epicranial,
|
|
<emphasis id="3C2B14861C7C727CF02D39A76A574BC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
|
|
- malar basiventral,
|
|
<emphasis id="3B6E8C72120F50E299E4EF5247658CA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
|
|
- mandibular,
|
|
<emphasis id="BE672EA9AAF269BADC0B8397AD173007" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
|
|
- median,
|
|
<emphasis id="71E54A78021B080062237E111930CC65" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mxps</emphasis>
|
|
- maxillary palp,
|
|
<emphasis id="A0B9BFB2E2654D32D003FC9190AB94BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
|
|
- postepicranial,
|
|
<emphasis id="341F0E5459975A74E75811B7EC9E6051" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
|
|
- ventral,
|
|
<emphasis id="B496F74DAB24C0065EAAF925CAA99EDE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
|
|
- palpiferal,
|
|
<emphasis id="F708E9BAF65AC1D2B2099632BDC6AA64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
|
|
- postlabial,
|
|
<emphasis id="FC5BE4F5E7FD4F137385B330648BEB63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
|
|
- prelabial,
|
|
<emphasis id="6BD94D451B6B82716808609FDA396F50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
|
|
- stipal,
|
|
<emphasis id="FB086E2263C91F080B49A4F19018E48B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
|
|
- ventral malar.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="07DB0A4711EEC639EBDF66A8FCFF6A23" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="A45867096FF19136AEB51BFAB91D4526" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of pupa</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="551AB5B7179550AD6F5F54428C455865" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
|
(Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="CE4A9AEE7D03F40AA116A0EFAD642EC5" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mecinus pirazzolii pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419863" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">9A-C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="0CFAD92D038A81228A57BCB1F1DD83A5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
|
|
(in mm). Head width: 0.33-0.40. Body width: 0.93-1.16. Body length: 1.63-2.10.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3DA99EF34AEB9832A667E3EC477A0D80" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<emphasis id="E2051B16E943C3F8ED3886D4AC861706" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
|
|
stout, slightly curved, white. Rostrum slender, very short, tapering to its top. Antennae moderately elongated. Pronotum 2.0 times as wide as long. Urogomorpi (ur) very short, conical, not reaching outline of the body (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="4805FA3B427EABEC7BDF6DC6905ECFCD" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mecinus pirazzolii pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419863" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">9A-C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5F33EC15158041CC448AFC93F4CF7CF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<emphasis id="23D727D7A7F9FD2999CB5FF2ED3F86F7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
|
|
almost invisible, all setae minute, possible to observation only under higher magnification. Head with one
|
|
<emphasis id="13EF0EA3BAE5D6E0DE15A89EB3C4E25D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
|
|
. Rostrum with one
|
|
<emphasis id="E8F2B20782142392D1514C742E06178A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
|
|
placed medially (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation id="973E4183C9497629A5E78A0CF1EB19DC" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mecinus pirazzolii pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419863" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">9B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Pronotum with two
|
|
<emphasis id="4F2820FE647DDA582A1E647E56B19429" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
|
|
, one
|
|
<emphasis id="A46B7CE538A9846C8874A30352EE1E3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
|
|
, one
|
|
<emphasis id="825062782E88656EEF2CE3ADFB44B3D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
|
|
and three
|
|
<emphasis id="CA74FFB832BB198506A011357D557AF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls.</emphasis>
|
|
Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two setae placed laterally. Dorsal parts of abdominal segments I-VIII with three setae situated posterolaterally and one seta laterally. Abdominal segment IX without setae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="FBB748EE1D17C696A7412D71685A9821" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419863" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
|
<paragraph id="6009A42A9D1C4D5BF45CEEB999C4B8E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<emphasis id="C684FBDA554EF2ABAF3129D4C1A04E26" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C9031024397981311DEF15FAF6CF0A01" baseAuthorityName="Stierlin" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pirazzolii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pirazzolii">
|
|
<emphasis id="6456869DA4F03E92F10AFEAB01844100" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pirazzolii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
pupa habitus and chaetotaxy
|
|
<emphasis id="4B3F211A824E2F3A4D371CAADF91C679" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
|
ventral view
|
|
<emphasis id="86842A61BBC67E85F19E5A80CBD66F6F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view
|
|
<emphasis id="BFD6A7CF8DEAA779E88CECFFB96C4FFD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae:
|
|
<emphasis id="3426E5D12A25718838D12B4B8D37B7AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
|
|
- apical,
|
|
<emphasis id="E4F08010D6B95AC3D23CAF4EF8797F2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d</emphasis>
|
|
- dorsal,
|
|
<emphasis id="673F1AEB12C6EE1B59A055E6869E4632" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
|
|
- discal,
|
|
<emphasis id="2C639B7AD24052B0E876FBCBDD80801D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fes</emphasis>
|
|
- femoral,
|
|
<emphasis id="4DC4E8D67EF9BE71BDA5B3953E7F145A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">l</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="EF731E982040B59B4B34A2690EEF4A92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
|
|
- lateral,
|
|
<emphasis id="5F505DD606BFE7D802D50A3AAEBCD61F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
|
|
- orbital,
|
|
<emphasis id="30FB17089E890B19C1A749AD2C551775" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls</emphasis>
|
|
- posterolateral,
|
|
<emphasis id="B8DBBC9F95894B62C19AC2F77522155C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
|
|
- rostral.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="72F54B3958D2C621853EAC5C7A29432E" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="notes">
|
|
<paragraph id="1458F9BC07690ECD490DC61C60AAE483" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Biological notes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4066B0BC5D94E9E82355D2F13EC5C1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
|
This species is associated with the annual plant
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CB05625C0EDDE706684E5F5A9B98B09" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago arenaria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenaria">
|
|
<emphasis id="1D309E06C7D34296225D79721481EDCB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Plantago arenaria</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Waldst. & Kit. The adult aggregation on plants is followed by the appearance of flowering stems with spikes in late spring. The females lay one egg onto the base of the pistil or the initialised seed. The act of oviposition is followed by proliferative growth of the ovarian tissue in the form of gall but without changes in the external morphology of the pyxidium. During development, the larvae consume all the tissue inside the pyxidium, leaving only the fruit shell intact. The larvae pupate inside the fruit shell, from which adults emerge after being completely sclerotised. Overwintering takes place in the soil litter near the host plant (I.
|
|
<normalizedToken id="144FD16E7A07F59633ADD576D2B06027" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
|
|
, pers. obs.). Sympatric occurrence with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D2CB646EEB540329AE385744FA5C9514" lsidName="M. ictericus" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="ictericus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6921DF84FA104BE35FD2091AF95D9894" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. ictericus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is common (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1C4D3C278B2B5943AECFFEB63F66A3A5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" author="Caldara, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 105" refId="B8" refString="Caldara, R, Fogato, V, 2013. Systematics of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). I. Taxonomic treatment of the species. Zootaxa 3654: 1 - 105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" title="Systematics of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). I. Taxonomic treatment of the species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" volume="3654" year="2013">Caldara and Fogato 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="113A684789BDFF3CDD99F97A5BCC6B90" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="3B6A4731034FD214FD54B7C4FBD54960" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8892148E89EC3C015A0570627EB0CC85" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
|
|
This species is distributed in eastern Central Europe, southeastern Europe and Turkey. In our keys, this species is closer to the species of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1FA0BE387A8624B1C9F5ADBE4791737E" lsidName="M. pascuorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="pascuorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="8B2F2F8F6631806194E0DF56B7D0D818" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. pascuorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group than to others, as already discussed in the Remarks for the group.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |