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125 lines
16 KiB
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<document id="EE452FA097D21CF5C56ABBDA5EECFE99" ID-CLB-Dataset="53420" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5239.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="61a22e96-cac1-4d8d-b171-dfda74758073" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7635154" ID-ZooBank="225B8F73-6315-4302-98E5-D97DC0480C3A" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1676283412528" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Connors, Matthew G." docDate="2023" docId="69737B64FFFBFFC3FF477C20FD13F917" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5239.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5239 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.4.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Toxoderella Giglio-Tos 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="480" masterDocId="954A031CFFF8FFC0FFD07937FFD2FFF6" masterDocTitle="Studies in Australian Mantodea: New synonyms, notes on distributions, and an updated checklist" masterLastPageNumber="499" masterPageNumber="477" pageNumber="480" updateTime="1699475083514" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0C52AB94C026FDFF8A8290AFDC492EA9">Studies in Australian Mantodea: New synonyms, notes on distributions, and an updated checklist</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6C28B9EA92460CB9B96740E197260DF8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="998E24E28D9F46FE519BF7DAEB1B5CCE">Connors, Matthew G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="080EF748D26738A25F6ED66B33FA9D7D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1CD29058E7520A87D3587116C40D5081">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="31A07BB4040D6DC99D00571CE915899A">
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<mods:date id="A225374ED3996C1700744308363E63A3">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BC5122FDD64635163CFF150868C30C3E">2023-02-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A679B52C158F6B82DF1DA78DFE49E606">5239</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DF71E3D5C2BA5B296F91954D47FE6999">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D74F7A59091DCB6D1DDFE7EA9D76B64C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5239.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="69737B64FFFBFFC3FF477C20FD13F917" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635254" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209295384" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7635254" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69737B64FFFBFFC3FF477C20FD13F917" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/69737B64FFFBFFC3FF477C20FD13F917" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
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<subSubSection id="A9C099F9FFFBFFC3FF477C20FE2AFAC7" box="[151,504,1303,1330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E165CA72FFFBFFC3FF477C20FE2AFAC7" blockId="3.[151,504,1303,1330]" box="[151,504,1303,1330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
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<heading id="BA2D7D1EFFFBFFC3FF477C20FE2AFAC7" bold="true" box="[151,504,1303,1330]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="26DAB1F1FFFBFFC3FF477C20FE2AFAC7" ID-CoL="8P293" authority="Giglio-Tos, 1914" authorityName="Giglio-Tos" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,504,1303,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Toxoderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D3AE1660FFFBFFC3FF477C20FE2AFAC7" bold="true" box="[151,504,1303,1330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
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<emphasis id="D3AE1660FFFBFFC3FF477C20FEF7FAC4" bold="true" box="[151,293,1303,1330]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Toxoderella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="854BB783FFFBFFC3FEFD7C20FE2AFAC7" author="Giglio-Tos, E." box="[301,504,1303,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref9103" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1914) Mantidi Raccolti da S. A. R. la Duchessa d'Aosta nella regione dei grandi laghi dell'Africa equatoriale. Revisione della sottofamiglia dei Toxoderini. Annuario del Museo Zoologico della Universita di Napoli, 4 (15), 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1914">Giglio-Tos, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9C099F9FFFBFFC3FF477C68FD8AFA8F" box="[151,600,1375,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E165CA72FFFBFFC3FF477C68FD8AFA8F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1375,1762]" box="[151,600,1375,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
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<taxonomicName id="26DAB1F1FFFBFFC3FF477C68FD8AFA8F" ID-CoL="57LV2" authority="(Westwood, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,600,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Toxoderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortnumi">
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<emphasis id="D3AE1660FFFBFFC3FF477C68FE50FA8F" box="[151,386,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Toxoderella fortnumi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="854BB783FFFBFFC3FE417C68FD9DFA8F" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[401,591,1375,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" refId="ref12930" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1889) Revisio Insectorum Familiae Mantidarum, speciebus novis aut minus cognitis descriptis et delineates. Gurney & Jackson, London, 53 pp." type="book" year="1889">Westwood, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9C099F9FFFBFFC3FF177CB3FD13F917" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E165CA72FFFBFFC3FF177CB3FD13F917" blockId="3.[151,1437,1375,1762]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
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I have examined the
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<typeStatus id="3E6174D0FFFBFFC3FE7C7CB3FE0EFA68" box="[428,476,1412,1438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">type</typeStatus>
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of this enigmatic species and although it is undoubtedly a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="26DAB1F1FFFBFFC3FADA7CB4FA4BFA6B" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[1290,1433,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Toxoderinae">Toxoderinae</taxonomicName>
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, the
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<typeStatus id="3E6174D0FFFBFFC3FF127C9FFF20FA34" box="[194,242,1448,1474]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">type</typeStatus>
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locality is almost certainly incorrect. The collection locality is tentatively given as northern
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<collectingCountry id="99CD8AE2FFFBFFC3FAC17C90FAAAFA37" box="[1297,1400,1447,1473]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Australia</collectingCountry>
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by both
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<bibRefCitation id="854BB783FFFBFFC3FF017CFCFE4BFA13" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[209,409,1483,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" refId="ref12930" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1889) Revisio Insectorum Familiae Mantidarum, speciebus novis aut minus cognitis descriptis et delineates. Gurney & Jackson, London, 53 pp." type="book" year="1889">Westwood (1889)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="854BB783FFFBFFC3FE027CFCFD72FA13" author="Giglio-Tos, E." box="[466,672,1483,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref9103" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1914) Mantidi Raccolti da S. A. R. la Duchessa d'Aosta nella regione dei grandi laghi dell'Africa equatoriale. Revisione della sottofamiglia dei Toxoderini. Annuario del Museo Zoologico della Universita di Napoli, 4 (15), 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1914">Giglio-Tos (1914)</bibRefCitation>
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, but no other member of the
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<taxonomicName id="26DAB1F1FFFBFFC3FC3D7CFCFBABFA13" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[1005,1145,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Toxoderinae">Toxoderinae</taxonomicName>
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is known from anywhere outside of Afro-Eurasia (
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<bibRefCitation id="854BB783FFFBFFC3FE607CD8FD7EF9FF" author="Schwarz, C. J. & Roy, R." box="[432,684,1519,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="101 - 196" refId="ref11804" refString="Schwarz, C. J. & Roy, R. (2019) The systematics of Mantodea revisited: an updated classification incorporating multiple data sources (Insecta: Dictyoptera). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, New Series, 55 (2), 101 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2018.1556567" type="journal article" year="2019">Schwarz & Roy 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). The
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<typeStatus id="3E6174D0FFFBFFC3FD237CC7FCF1F9FC" box="[755,803,1520,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">type</typeStatus>
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specimen was collected by C. D. E. Fortnum, who also collected the
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<typeStatus id="3E6174D0FFFBFFC3FEFA7F23FE88F9D8" box="[298,346,1556,1582]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">type</typeStatus>
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specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="26DAB1F1FFFBFFC3FE277F24FCD9F9DB" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1889" box="[503,779,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Amorphoscelidae" genus="Amorphoscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
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<emphasis id="D3AE1660FFFBFFC3FE277F24FCD9F9DB" box="[503,779,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Amorphoscelis pellucida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see comments under that species). One of these specimens has been mislabelled as having come from Adelaide when in fact it was from
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<collectingCountry id="99CD8AE2FFFBFFC3FBD97F00FBAAF9A7" box="[1033,1144,1591,1617]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="854BB783FFFBFFC3FB577F00FB2EF9A7" author="Roy, R." box="[1159,1276,1591,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="128" refId="ref11468" refString="Roy, R. (2009) Une nouvelle synonymie pour le genre Amorphoscelis Stal, 1871 (Dict., Amorphoscelidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 114 (1), 128. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2009.2775" type="journal article" year="2009">Roy 2009</bibRefCitation>
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), and it seems highly likely that the
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<typeStatus id="3E6174D0FFFBFFC3FE447F6BFE16F980" box="[404,452,1628,1654]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">type</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="26DAB1F1FFFBFFC3FE207F6BFDBDF983" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[496,623,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Toxoderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortnumi">
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<emphasis id="D3AE1660FFFBFFC3FE207F6BFDBDF983" box="[496,623,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">T. fortnumi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similarly mislabelled. Indeed, the purported closest relatives of the species (
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<taxonomicName id="26DAB1F1FFFBFFC3FF2A7F48FDFDF96F" authority="Uvarov, 1940" authorityName="Uvarov" authorityYear="1940" box="[250,559,1663,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Toxodanuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D3AE1660FFFBFFC3FF2A7F48FE5AF96F" box="[250,392,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Toxodanuria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="854BB783FFFBFFC3FE427FB7FDFDF96F" author="Uvarov, B. P." box="[402,559,1663,1690]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="112 - 117" refId="ref12627" refString="Uvarov, B. P. (1940) IX. - Twenty-four new Generic Names in Orthoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 6, 6 (31), 112 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745481.1940.9723661" type="journal article" year="1940">Uvarov, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="26DAB1F1FFFBFFC3FDED7F48FC61F96F" authority="Wood-Mason, 1889" authorityName="Wood-Mason" authorityYear="1889" box="[573,947,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Euthyphleps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D3AE1660FFFBFFC3FDED7F48FD15F96F" box="[573,711,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Euthyphleps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="854BB783FFFBFFC3FD007F48FC61F96F" author="Wood-Mason, J." box="[720,947,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" refId="ref13072" refString="Wood-Mason, J. (1889) A Catalogue of the Mantodea, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species, and an Enumeration of the Specimens, in the Collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Order of the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 66 pp." type="book" year="1889">Wood-Mason, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; and
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<taxonomicName id="26DAB1F1FFFBFFC3FC227F48FABDF96F" authority="Wood-Mason, 1889" authorityName="Wood-Mason" authorityYear="1889" box="[1010,1391,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Toxoderopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D3AE1660FFFBFFC3FC227F48FB57F96F" box="[1010,1157,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Toxoderopsis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="854BB783FFFBFFC3FB5E7F48FABDF96F" author="Wood-Mason, J." box="[1166,1391,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" refId="ref13072" refString="Wood-Mason, J. (1889) A Catalogue of the Mantodea, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species, and an Enumeration of the Specimens, in the Collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Order of the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 66 pp." type="book" year="1889">Wood-Mason, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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) all occur in South Asia (
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<bibRefCitation id="854BB783FFFBFFC3FE537F94FDA9F94B" author="Schwarz, C. J. & Roy, R." box="[387,635,1699,1726]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="101 - 196" refId="ref11804" refString="Schwarz, C. J. & Roy, R. (2019) The systematics of Mantodea revisited: an updated classification incorporating multiple data sources (Insecta: Dictyoptera). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, New Series, 55 (2), 101 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2018.1556567" type="journal article" year="2019">Schwarz & Roy 2019</bibRefCitation>
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), and it is almost certain that this is where the specimen originated. For this reason, it is removed from the Australian list.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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