936 lines
71 KiB
XML
936 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880" ID-GBIF-Dataset="52f7bc82-d4e6-45c3-9c6c-b7af2c0e55f1" ID-PMC="PMC8084850" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1033-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E8907CBC2CE95079B5C4D5DA817B7073" ID-PubMed="33958919" ID-ZooBank="A9EC1D0C55064C1495A233FA475468AB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1033-35" checkinTime="1619184987201" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Escarraga, Mayron E., Lattke, John E., Pie, Marcio R. & Guerrero, Roberto J." docDate="2021" docId="665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1033: 35-62" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1033" docPubDate="2021-04-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880" docTitle="Tapinoma breviscapum Forel 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E8907CBC2CE95079B5C4D5DA817B7073" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="E8907CBC2CE95079B5C4D5DA817B7073" masterDocTitle="Morphological and genetic evidence supports the separation of two Tapinoma ants (Formicidae, Dolichoderinae) from the Atlantic Forest biome" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1668150193016" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Morphological and genetic evidence supports the separation of two Tapinoma ants (Formicidae, Dolichoderinae) from the Atlantic Forest biome</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Escarraga, Mayron E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Facultad de Ciencias Basicas, Programa de Biologia, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 # 22 - 08, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lattke, John E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6793-3003</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pie, Marcio R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guerrero, Roberto J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3244-2754</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Facultad de Ciencias Basicas, Programa de Biologia, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 # 22 - 08, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rguerrero@unimagdalena.edu.co</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-04-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1033</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>62</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1033-35</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A9EC1D0C55064C1495A233FA475468AB</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E8907CBC2CE95079B5C4D5DA817B7073</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="results">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181534194" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName LSID="665E07B2-A66F-5E0B-B602-16F660FE11B3" authority="Forel, 1908 status novo" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma breviscapum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviscapum">Tapinoma breviscapum Forel, 1908 status novo</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tapinoma atriceps and T. breviscapum workers A head in frontal view of T. atriceps B body in lateral view of T. atriceps C head in frontal view of T. breviscapum D body in lateral view of T. breviscapum. Photographed specimens and those included in the molecular analyzes (haplotypes H 04 and H 08 respectively) are nestmates. Specimens deposited in DZUP. Photographs by M. Escarraga." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534730" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figs 1C, D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tapinoma atriceps and Tapinoma breviscapum queen A body in lateral view of T. atriceps B head in frontal view of T. atriceps C anterior wing of T. atriceps D posterior wing of T. atriceps E head in frontal view of T. breviscapum F body in lateral view of T. breviscapum. Photographed specimens and those included in the molecular analyzes (haplotypes H 04 and H 08 respectively) are nestmates. Specimens deposited in DZUP. Photographs by M. Escarraga." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534731" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 2E, F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Tapinoma atriceps from Antonina, Reserva Natural Guaricica (Parana, Brazil) and T. breviscapum from Serra do Cipo (Minas Gerais, Brazil) male A habitus of T. atriceps B head in frontal view of T. atriceps C anterior wing of T. atriceps D posterior wing of T. atriceps E head in frontal view of T. breviscapum F habitus of T. breviscapum. Specimens deposited in DZUP. Photographs by M. Escarraga." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534732" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 3E, F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution map of Tapinoma atriceps and T. breviscapum. The figures with red outline correspond to the localities for the sequenced specimens. Dark green area in the main map corresponds to the Atlantic Forest domain defined by the WWF." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534734" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM microphotographs of Tapinoma breviscapum from Serra do Cipo (Minas Gerais, Brazil) A worker head in dorsal view B worker mesosoma in lateral view C queen head in dorsal view D queen mesosoma in lateral view. The inset with broken lines indicates finer and lesser separated pubescence on the frons between the frontal carinae. Specimens deposited in DZUP." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534735" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma atriceps subsp. breviscapa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atriceps" subSpecies="breviscapa">Tapinoma atriceps breviscapa</taxonomicName>
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Forel, 1908: 384-385. Syntype series (worker, queen): Brazil,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo, Raiz da Serra. [MHNG, examined]. One syntype worker (CASENT0909768) here designated lectotype; two workers designated as paralectotypes, uppermost specimen and lowermost on the same pin as lectotype worker (MHNG, examined).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma atriceps subsp. breviscapum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atriceps" subSpecies="breviscapum">Tapinoma atriceps breviscapum</taxonomicName>
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Forel.
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<bibRefCitation author="Kempf, WW" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="3 - 344" refId="B21" refString="Kempf, WW, 1972. Catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical. Studia Entomologica 15: 3 - 344" title="Catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical." volume="15" year="1972">Kempf 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 247.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma atriceps subsp. breviscapum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atriceps" subSpecies="breviscapum">Tapinoma atriceps breviscapum</taxonomicName>
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Forel.
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<bibRefCitation author="Shattuck, SO" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" refId="B37" refString="Shattuck, SO, 1994. Taxonomic catalog of the ant subfamilies Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). University of California Press, Berkeley" title="Taxonomic catalog of the ant subfamilies Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." year="1994">Shattuck 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 142.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma atriceps subsp. breviscapum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atriceps" subSpecies="breviscapum">Tapinoma atriceps breviscapum</taxonomicName>
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Forel.
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<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" publicationUrl="http://antcat.org" refId="B2" refString="Bolton, B, 2021. An online catalog of the ants of the world. http://antcat.org" title="An online catalog of the ants of the world." url="http://antcat.org" year="2021">Bolton 2021</bibRefCitation>
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: e-catalogue (http://antcat.org).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="worker diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Worker diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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Lateral margin of head in frontal view slightly convex. Eye with 7 or 8 ommatidia along maximum diameter. Scape short (SI <85). Dorsal face of propodeum in lateral view meeting propodeal declivity through rounded angle; length of dorsal margin about
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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that of declivity.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Worker</emphasis>
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. Measurements (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">n</emphasis>
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= 16): HL 0.58
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.04 (0.53-0.66), HW 0.48
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.04 (0.43-0.56), SL 0.48
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.03 (0.44-0.56), WL 0.63
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.06 (0.49-0.78). Indices: CI 83
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1 (82-85), SI 80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2 (78-85).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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Head in full-face view oval to rectangular, longer than wide; lateral and posterior margins slightly convex. Maxillary palps filiform, relatively short, not posteriorly surpassing beyond mid-length of head. Mandibles with masticatory margin with 1 large apical tooth, followed by 2 smaller teeth, fourth tooth larger than third, and then followed by denticles. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly emarginate medially. Scape relatively short when compared to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(SI <85), reaching or surpassing posterior margin of head by distance shorter than pedicel length. Pronotum and mesonotum form continuous feeble convexity in lateral view; metanotal groove weakly impressed; propodeum dome-shaped, slightly higher than mesonotum. Integument weakly imbricate, excepting petiole which is smooth. Body covered with short decumbent pubescence. Head (excluding clypeus), antenna, and mesosoma lacking erect setae, clypeus with 6 anterior setae. Pilosity pattern on gastric tergites similar as to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Head and gaster medium brown; antenna, mesosoma, legs, and petiole pale whitish yellow to bright orange (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tapinoma atriceps and T. breviscapum workers A head in frontal view of T. atriceps B body in lateral view of T. atriceps C head in frontal view of T. breviscapum D body in lateral view of T. breviscapum. Photographed specimens and those included in the molecular analyzes (haplotypes H 04 and H 08 respectively) are nestmates. Specimens deposited in DZUP. Photographs by M. Escarraga." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534730" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">1C, D</figureCitation>
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). Mesosoma with brown spot on mesopleuron and lateral pronotum, sometimes present on metapleuron and lateral propodeum, almost completely covering mesosomal side.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Queen</emphasis>
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. Measurements (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">n</emphasis>
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= 6): HL 0.74
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.04 (0.70-0.80), HW 0.64
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.03 (0.59-0.68), SL 0.54
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.04 (0.49-0.59), WL 1.24
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.18 (1.07-1.46). Indices: CI 86
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1 (84-87), SI 73
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2 (70-76).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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Head rectangular in full-face view, clearly longer than wide (CI 84-87); lateral and posterior margins straight. Masticatory margin of mandible with 1 large apical tooth, followed by 2 smaller teeth, fourth tooth larger than third, followed by 5 smaller teeth, and then small denticles decreasing in size. Clypeus slightly emarginate anteromedially. Scape short, never surpassing posterior margin of head (SI 72-76). Integument weakly imbricate, mesopleuron smooth. Dorsum of head with abundant, short, decumbent hairs; clypeus bearing 6 long hairs; gastric tergites with several erect setae near their posterior margins. Body medium brown; palps, flagellum, coxae, trochanters, tibiae, tarsi, and petiole whitish yellow to bright orange (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tapinoma atriceps and Tapinoma breviscapum queen A body in lateral view of T. atriceps B head in frontal view of T. atriceps C anterior wing of T. atriceps D posterior wing of T. atriceps E head in frontal view of T. breviscapum F body in lateral view of T. breviscapum. Photographed specimens and those included in the molecular analyzes (haplotypes H 04 and H 08 respectively) are nestmates. Specimens deposited in DZUP. Photographs by M. Escarraga." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534731" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">2E, F</figureCitation>
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); propodeum sometimes with whitish-yellow spot on posterodorsal region. Gastric tergites I-III with pale-yellow, transverse posterior strip.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Male</emphasis>
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. Measurements (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">n</emphasis>
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= 3): HL 0.46
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.02 (0.43-0.48) HW 0.46
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.03 (0.43-0.48) SL 0.36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.02 (0.33-0.38) WL 0.62
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.02 (0.61-0.64). Indices: CI 99
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2 (97-100) SI 78
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3 (75-82)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Head in dorsal view rounded, posterior margin slightly interrupted by lateral ocelli; anteromedian margin of clypeus straight to weakly emarginate. Compound eye large, rounded; scape long, reaching posterior margin of head; maxillary palp filiform. Mandible semi-falcate; masticatory margin with large apical tooth followed by many teeth of similar size. Integument feebly imbricate, katepisternum smooth. Forewing with median short; hindwing with free section of radial and cu-a present, free section of cubitus absent. Row of long setae present on posterior margins of fore and hindwing. Head, scutum, scutellum, and gaster covered by moderately abundant, yellow, short, decumbent hairs; antenna covered by short, decumbent hairs. Anepisternum covered by hairs, katepisternum lacking hairs ventrally. Gastric tergites I-V lacking erect setae. Head, mesosoma, petiole, and gaster dark brown; antenna and legs light brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma breviscapum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tapinoma breviscapum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded from Misiones, Argentina, and from the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution map of Tapinoma atriceps and T. breviscapum. The figures with red outline correspond to the localities for the sequenced specimens. Dark green area in the main map corresponds to the Atlantic Forest domain defined by the WWF." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534734" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">5</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534734" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
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Distribution map of
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma atriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tapinoma atriceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The figures with red outline correspond to the localities for the sequenced specimens. Dark green area in the main map corresponds to the Atlantic Forest domain defined by the WWF.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma breviscapum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tapinoma breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is an arboreal ant, but beyond that, there is not much available information. This species, reported as
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, was found inhabiting a gall of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Microgramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Microgramma squamulosa" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="squamulosa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Microgramma squamulosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Kaulf.) de la Sota (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2019.02.004" author="Santos, MG" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="101 - 110" refId="B32" refString="Santos, MG, Porto, GF, Lancellotti, IR, Feitosa, RM, 2019. Ant fauna associated with Microgramma squamulosa (Kaulf) de la Sota (Polypodiaceae) fern galls. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 63 (2): 101 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2019.02.004" title="Ant fauna associated with Microgramma squamulosa (Kaulf) de la Sota (Polypodiaceae) fern galls." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2019.02.004" volume="63" year="2019">Santos et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084010302" accessionNumber="MG920285, MN294973, MN294963, MT375619" collectingDate="1958-07-19" collectingDateMax="2018-02" collectingDateMin="1958-07-19" collectorName="K N Campinas de America, W. Mackay, E. Mackay, Alto Caparao, Parque Nacional Caparao, J. Chaul, Serra Caraca, K. Lenko, Martins, Silva, M. Anjos, Anjos M., Capao, H. Brant, M. Escarraga, Genbak, I. Lancelloti, Ihering, Exp. Dep. Zool." country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" elevation="508" latitude="-22.279383" location="Serra do Cipo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" specimenCount="105" specimenCount-male="6" specimenCount-queen="13" specimenCount-worker="86" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
Argentina •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">3 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
; Misiones, 40.66
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
K N
|
|
<collectingCounty>
|
|
Campinas de
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="América">America</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectingCounty>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
;
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="55.153" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.919216">25°55.153'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="56.151" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-53.93585">53°56.151'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; alt.
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" unit="m" value="508.0">
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" unit="m" value="508.0">508 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2008-01-03">3 Jan. 2008</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>W. Mackay</collectorName>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectorName>E. Mackay</collectorName>
|
|
legs; WEMC#22811
|
|
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
|
•
|
|
<specimenCount type="queen">2 queens</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
Alto
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caparaó">Caparao</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
Parque Nacional
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caparaó">Caparao</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
;
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="25.155" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.41925">20°25.155'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="51.083" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-41.851383">41°51.083'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2011-12-05" valueMax="2011-12-20" valueMin="2011-12-05">5-20 Dec. 2011</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>J. Chaul</collectorName>
|
|
leg.; DZUP •
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">3 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
Serra
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
;
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" unit="m" value="1380.0">
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" unit="m" value="1380.0">1380 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="1961-11">Nov. 1961</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>K. Lenko</collectorName>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>Martins</collectorName>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectorName>Silva</collectorName>
|
|
legs; MZSP 3104 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">3 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
Serra
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
;
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" unit="m" value="1380.0">
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" unit="m" value="1380.0">1380m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="1961-11">Nov. 1961</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>K. Lenko</collectorName>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName>Martins</collectorName>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectorName>Silva</collectorName>
|
|
legs; MZSP 4216 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="queen">2 queens</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">17 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingMunicipality>
|
|
Serra do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cipó">Cipo</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
, CAPIII;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2013-01">Jan. 2013</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
M.
|
|
<collectorName>Anjos M.</collectorName>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
leg.; DZUP •
|
|
<specimenCount type="queen">1 queen</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:A26C28A0B51251E7BC328D50C3217204" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Serra do Cipo" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
Serra do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cipó">Cipo</normalizedToken>
|
|
</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Capão">
|
|
<collectorName>Capao</collectorName>
|
|
</normalizedToken>
|
|
11;
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="14.873" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-19.247883">19°14.873'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="33.055" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-43.55092">43°33.055'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2017-06-25">25 Jun. 2017</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>H. Brant</collectorName>
|
|
leg. DZUP •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">5 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:C4A9975FBF42D75C46BB3CE7015E2498" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Serra do Cipo" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
Serra do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cipó">Cipo</normalizedToken>
|
|
</location>
|
|
;
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="14.874" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-19.2479">19°14.874'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="33.054" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-43.5509">43°33.054'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2017-06-25">25 Jun. 2017</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>
|
|
M.
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Escárraga">Escarraga</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
leg., MYR380;
|
|
<collectorName>Genbak</collectorName>
|
|
codes:
|
|
<accessionNumber isEnumeration="true">MG920285, MN294973, MN294963, MT375619</accessionNumber>
|
|
; DZUP 548800 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:AC0E2C569FC954D3DBB9C95EECFD9B89" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Nova Friburgo" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Nova Friburgo</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:EE2478ED131BBC0B97D3D2345FCBA3D8" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Praca do Suspiro" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Praça">Praca</normalizedToken>
|
|
do Suspiro
|
|
</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="16.763" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.279383">22°16.763'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="west" minutes="32.148" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-42.5358">42°32.148'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2016-04">Apr. 2016</collectingDate>
|
|
-
|
|
<collectingDate value="2018-02">Feb. 2018</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>I. Lancelloti</collectorName>
|
|
leg.; DZUP •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">5 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:B7198F75E3FEFF62DE8FF2FE395C900A" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Barueri" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Barueri</location>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>K. Lenko</collectorName>
|
|
leg.; MZSP 447 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">5 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:5564AF7A5C4815C72B373B4DE1B04796" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Barueri" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Barueri</location>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>K. Lenko</collectorName>
|
|
leg.; MZSP 2477 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">5 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:D184168F75163634F8D693589BC1E125" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Barueri" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Barueri</location>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="1958-07-19">19 Jul. 1958</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>K. Lenko</collectorName>
|
|
leg.; MZSP 534 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">3 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cubatão">
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:86D9AD3E81EC2015409AEFF9E4D8F2CC" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Cubatao" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Cubatao</location>
|
|
</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:EFD9DBCDB17493F9DF4FD09570C7B58E" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Estacao Raiz da Serra" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Raiz da Serra
|
|
</location>
|
|
; v
|
|
<collectorName>Ihering</collectorName>
|
|
leg.; MHNG •
|
|
<specimenCount type="queen">2 queens</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:AD321EF9B5D6E6661BD851EC7E4F03D8" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Ilha dos Buzios" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
Ilha dos
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Búzios">Buzios</normalizedToken>
|
|
</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate value="1964-04-02">2 Apr. 1964</collectingDate>
|
|
; Exp. Dep. Zool. legs; MZSP 3910 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="queen">1 queen</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:3C8EF8ED35DED4B689C128F042521CC2" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Ilha dos Buzios" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
Ilha dos
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Búzios">Buzios</normalizedToken>
|
|
</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate value="1964-04-02">2 Apr. 1964</collectingDate>
|
|
, Exp. Dep. Zool. legs; MZSP 4105 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:D91897084F607A519C63192103ABF042" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Ilha dos Buzios" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
Ilha dos
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Búzios">Buzios</normalizedToken>
|
|
</location>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="1964-09-03">3 Sep. 1964</collectingDate>
|
|
; Exp. Dep. Zool. legs; MZSP 3885 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">4 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:9CEBF93A729D72AF7031F20B34B28AA2" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Ilha dos Buzios" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
Ilha dos
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Búzios">Buzios</normalizedToken>
|
|
</location>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="1964-04-03">3 Apr. 1964</collectingDate>
|
|
; Exp. Dep. Zool. legs; MZSP 3885 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="queen">1 queen</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">3 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:300694093589DAEF990FCFE862D3FFE7" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Ilha dos Buzios" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
Ilha dos
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Búzios">Buzios</normalizedToken>
|
|
</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate value="1963-10-19">19 Oct. 1963</collectingDate>
|
|
; Exp. Dep. Zool. legs; MZSP 2978 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="queen">1 queen</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">4 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:1E864A8F6D4903F525F6438237C3F9F1" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Ilha dos Buzios" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
Ilha dos
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Búzios">Buzios</normalizedToken>
|
|
</location>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="1963-10-17">17 Oct. 1963</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName>Exp. Dep. Zool.</collectorName>
|
|
leg; MZSP 2994 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="queen">1 queen</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">4 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:552839F9E3393C5A832425C7032FC68A" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Ilha dos Buzios" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
Ilha dos
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Búzios">Buzios</normalizedToken>
|
|
</location>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="1963-10-26">26 Oct. 1963</collectingDate>
|
|
; Exp. Dep. Zool. legs; MZSP 2992 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="queen">1 queen</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">3 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:4057245A5A502799759B33CB56F874B0" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Ilha dos Buzios" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|
Ilha dos
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Búzios">Buzios</normalizedToken>
|
|
</location>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="1964-07-31">31 Jul. 1964</collectingDate>
|
|
; Exp. Dep. Zool. legs; MZSP 3616 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="queen">1 queen</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:665E07B2A66F5E0BB60216F660FE11B3:9F5A54DE50C39E5213CE200F2B543AC2" country="BRAZIL" county="Campinas de America" latitude="-22.279383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.5358" municipality="Serra do Cipo" name="Ilha dos Buzios" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Ilha dos Buzios</location>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingDate value="1964-04-02">2 Apr. 1964</collectingDate>
|
|
; Exp. Dep. Zool. [MZSP 4105] •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
; MZSP11974 •
|
|
<specimenCount type="worker">6 workers</specimenCount>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo
|
|
</collectingRegion>
|
|
; USNM
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="morphological separation between tapinoma atriceps and t. breviscapum">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
Morphological separation between
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma atriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tapinoma atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
The most readily recognizable morphological diagnostic traits that permit separation of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
workers and queens are the relative length of the scape (i.e., SI), the shape of the propodeum, and differences in the degree of cephalic pubescence. In
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the worker scape is almost as long as the HL or greater (SI>93; Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tapinoma atriceps and T. breviscapum workers A head in frontal view of T. atriceps B body in lateral view of T. atriceps C head in frontal view of T. breviscapum D body in lateral view of T. breviscapum. Photographed specimens and those included in the molecular analyzes (haplotypes H 04 and H 08 respectively) are nestmates. Specimens deposited in DZUP. Photographs by M. Escarraga." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534730" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">1A</figureCitation>
|
|
), in contrast with
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, where it is relatively short (SI <85; Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tapinoma atriceps and T. breviscapum workers A head in frontal view of T. atriceps B body in lateral view of T. atriceps C head in frontal view of T. breviscapum D body in lateral view of T. breviscapum. Photographed specimens and those included in the molecular analyzes (haplotypes H 04 and H 08 respectively) are nestmates. Specimens deposited in DZUP. Photographs by M. Escarraga." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534730" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">1B</figureCitation>
|
|
), sometimes reaching or barely surpassing the posterior head margin by a distance shorter than the pedicel length. SL shows significant differences between the workers of each species (
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T</emphasis>
|
|
= 7.51,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">p</emphasis>
|
|
<0.0001). Although there is a certain degree of overlap in the absolute measure (0.50-0.63 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and 0.44-0.56 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) the relationship from SL to HL for each species showed non-overlapping ranges (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Morphometric scatterplot showing the relationship between HL and SL. The green circles correspond to the measurements of Tapinoma atriceps, while the purple squares correspond to those in T. breviscapum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534736" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">7</figureCitation>
|
|
). Other morphometric traits, such as HL, HW, and WL were also evaluated; however, each of their paired distributions overlapped, showing no statistical differences. The SL partially overlaps in queens of both species (0.58-0.62 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and 0.49-0.59 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); however, differences between species were found (
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T</emphasis>
|
|
= 2.29,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">p</emphasis>
|
|
= 0.0257). These differences are notable in the non-overlapping ranges of the relative length of the scape (82-83 and 70-76, respectively). Statistical differences were also found in the HW of both species (
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T</emphasis>
|
|
= 2.26,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">p</emphasis>
|
|
= 0.0268); even without measuring, these differences are evident when they are compared under a stereoscope (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tapinoma atriceps and Tapinoma breviscapum queen A body in lateral view of T. atriceps B head in frontal view of T. atriceps C anterior wing of T. atriceps D posterior wing of T. atriceps E head in frontal view of T. breviscapum F body in lateral view of T. breviscapum. Photographed specimens and those included in the molecular analyzes (haplotypes H 04 and H 08 respectively) are nestmates. Specimens deposited in DZUP. Photographs by M. Escarraga." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534731" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">2B</figureCitation>
|
|
vs 2E), as
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
queens have a more elongate head as reflected in CI values that do not overlap those of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
queens.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534735" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
SEM microphotographs of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma breviscapum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tapinoma breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Serra do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cipó">Cipo</normalizedToken>
|
|
(Minas Gerais, Brazil)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
|
|
worker head in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
|
|
worker mesosoma in lateral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
|
|
queen head in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
|
|
queen mesosoma in lateral view. The inset with broken lines indicates finer and lesser separated pubescence on the frons between the frontal carinae. Specimens deposited in DZUP.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534736" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
Morphometric scatterplot showing the relationship between HL and SL. The green circles correspond to the measurements of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma atriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tapinoma atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, while the purple squares correspond to those in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
The worker propodeum in both species differs markedly in shape and in the proportions between the dorsal and the posterior faces (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. SEM microphotographs of Tapinoma atriceps from Serra do Cipo (Minas Gerais, Brazil) A worker head in dorsal view B worker mesosoma in lateral view C queen head in dorsal view D queen mesosoma in lateral view. The box with dashed lines indicates pubescence on the frons between the frontal carinae. Specimens deposited in DZUP." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534733" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
vs 6B). The dorsal propodeal margin when seen laterally in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
forms a distinct blunt angle with the declivity, contrasting with the rounded convexity formed in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Additionally, the dorsal margin in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is about 1/4 the length of the declivitous margin, while in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
it is longer, about 1/2 that of the declivity (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tapinoma atriceps and T. breviscapum workers A head in frontal view of T. atriceps B body in lateral view of T. atriceps C head in frontal view of T. breviscapum D body in lateral view of T. breviscapum. Photographed specimens and those included in the molecular analyzes (haplotypes H 04 and H 08 respectively) are nestmates. Specimens deposited in DZUP. Photographs by M. Escarraga." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534730" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">1B, D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. SEM microphotographs of Tapinoma atriceps from Serra do Cipo (Minas Gerais, Brazil) A worker head in dorsal view B worker mesosoma in lateral view C queen head in dorsal view D queen mesosoma in lateral view. The box with dashed lines indicates pubescence on the frons between the frontal carinae. Specimens deposited in DZUP." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534733" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM microphotographs of Tapinoma breviscapum from Serra do Cipo (Minas Gerais, Brazil) A worker head in dorsal view B worker mesosoma in lateral view C queen head in dorsal view D queen mesosoma in lateral view. The inset with broken lines indicates finer and lesser separated pubescence on the frons between the frontal carinae. Specimens deposited in DZUP." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534735" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">6B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The dorsal surface of the head in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
workers (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. SEM microphotographs of Tapinoma atriceps from Serra do Cipo (Minas Gerais, Brazil) A worker head in dorsal view B worker mesosoma in lateral view C queen head in dorsal view D queen mesosoma in lateral view. The box with dashed lines indicates pubescence on the frons between the frontal carinae. Specimens deposited in DZUP." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534733" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
) is covered by appressed pubescence that is relatively longer and sparser than in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, where it is abundant and relatively shorter (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM microphotographs of Tapinoma breviscapum from Serra do Cipo (Minas Gerais, Brazil) A worker head in dorsal view B worker mesosoma in lateral view C queen head in dorsal view D queen mesosoma in lateral view. The inset with broken lines indicates finer and lesser separated pubescence on the frons between the frontal carinae. Specimens deposited in DZUP." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534735" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">6A</figureCitation>
|
|
). The males of both species are relatively similar in morphology(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Tapinoma atriceps from Antonina, Reserva Natural Guaricica (Parana, Brazil) and T. breviscapum from Serra do Cipo (Minas Gerais, Brazil) male A habitus of T. atriceps B head in frontal view of T. atriceps C anterior wing of T. atriceps D posterior wing of T. atriceps E head in frontal view of T. breviscapum F habitus of T. breviscapum. Specimens deposited in DZUP. Photographs by M. Escarraga." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534732" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">3</figureCitation>
|
|
), but the male of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
males because the former is on average slightly larger (0.63
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.02 mm) and the scutellum is glabrous, while males of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are slightly smaller (0.62
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.02 mm) and have decumbent hairs on the scutellum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="genetic differentiation between tapinoma atriceps and t. breviscapum">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
Genetic differentiation between
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma atriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tapinoma atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Final alignments had 648, 562, 422, and 655 bp for COI, LW Rh, Wg, and EPIC, respectively. For LW Rh, the length of the concatenated two flanking exonic sequences was 456 bp and for the intron 106 bp.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
The greatest genetic variation among the molecular markers was observed in COI, followed by EPIC, Wg, LW Rh-ex, and LW Rh-in, with 114, 38, 15, 9, and 3 variable sites, respectively. Within the
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
samples, the genetic pairwise distance ranged between 0.0-9.6% for COI, 0.0-2.0% for LW Rh-intron and Wg, 0.0-1.8% for EPIC, and 0.0-0.4% for LW Rh-exon. The mean genetic distance between
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was 9.4% (8.8-10%) for COI. For the nuclear markers, EPIC presented the greatest distance between the two species (4.6-4.7%), followed by Wg (1.4-5.9%), LW Rh-intron (1.1-2.3%), and LWRh-exon (1.5-1.7%).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
In the phylogenetic reconstruction (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Evolutionary relationships between Tapinoma atriceps and Tapinoma breviscapum A bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction based on concatenated sequences of four molecular markers (COI, LWRh, WG, and EPIC). The scale bar represents substitutions per site and the number next to nodes the posterior probability B haplotype network including several populations of T. atriceps and a single sample of T. breviscapum (H 08). Every circle represents a different haplotype, the color corresponds to the geographical distribution, and the number between brackets corresponds to the number of mismatches between haplotypes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534737" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">8A</figureCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. opacum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="opacum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. opacum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is closer to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. melanocephalum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="melanocephalum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. melanocephalum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma atriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tapinoma atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was recovered as a monophyletic group, sister to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The Bayesian consensus trees of the individual analysis of each locus also recover both results (Suppl. material 4: Figure S1). Bayesian analysis of COI provided a topology similar to the Bayesian tree based on concatenated data, although with differences in branch lengths and node support of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(PP = 0.71). The reconstructed separate trees with the nuclear loci also recovered
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a sister species to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Suppl. material 4: Figure S1) but the latter results in poor resolution among the sampled populations. Within
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the topology derived from the concatenated data was relatively similar to the haplotype network (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Evolutionary relationships between Tapinoma atriceps and Tapinoma breviscapum A bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction based on concatenated sequences of four molecular markers (COI, LWRh, WG, and EPIC). The scale bar represents substitutions per site and the number next to nodes the posterior probability B haplotype network including several populations of T. atriceps and a single sample of T. breviscapum (H 08). Every circle represents a different haplotype, the color corresponds to the geographical distribution, and the number between brackets corresponds to the number of mismatches between haplotypes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534737" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">8B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The samples from
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
, corresponding to haplotypes H05 and H06, presented a comparatively deep divergence from the rest of the species. The sample of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Minas Gerais was sister to the group from southern Brazil, the populations of this latter group showing little genetic structure. Most of the nodes were relatively well-supported (PP 0.85-1.00) except for the low value of support corresponding to the Antonina haplotype (H01).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534737" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
|
Evolutionary relationships between
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma atriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tapinoma atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma breviscapum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tapinoma breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
|
|
bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction based on concatenated sequences of four molecular markers (COI, LWRh, WG, and EPIC). The scale bar represents substitutions per site and the number next to nodes the posterior probability
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
|
|
haplotype network including several populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and a single sample of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(H08). Every circle represents a different haplotype, the color corresponds to the geographical distribution, and the number between brackets corresponds to the number of mismatches between haplotypes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
Seven mitochondrial (COI) haplotypes of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma atriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tapinoma atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were identified for the eight analyzed sequences and a single mitochondrial haplotype for the only
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sample (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Evolutionary relationships between Tapinoma atriceps and Tapinoma breviscapum A bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction based on concatenated sequences of four molecular markers (COI, LWRh, WG, and EPIC). The scale bar represents substitutions per site and the number next to nodes the posterior probability B haplotype network including several populations of T. atriceps and a single sample of T. breviscapum (H 08). Every circle represents a different haplotype, the color corresponds to the geographical distribution, and the number between brackets corresponds to the number of mismatches between haplotypes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534737" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">8B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The analysis estimated five unsampled haplotypes and found many mismatches between most of the haplotypes, evidencing high molecular variation for this marker. Haplotype H01, found in
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
and Santa Catarina, is very close to haplotypes H02 and H03 and separated from them by only one nucleotide substitution; together, these form a group of haplotypes from southern Brazil. Other two haplotypes found in
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
(H05 and H06) are relatively close to each other, and separated by one unsampled haplotype, but very different from the other haplotypes from
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
. Haplotype H04 from Minas Gerais is closest to the H01-H03 haplotype group, separated by two unsampled haplotypes. Haplotype H07 from Misiones (Argentina) is closer to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. breviscapum" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="breviscapum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. breviscapum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
haplotype (H08) and relatively close to the subset of haplotypes from the southeastern (H04) and southern Brazil (H01-H03). A haplotype network built with only the sampled populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atriceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">T. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Suppl. material 5: Figure S2) shows that the H07 haplotype is sister to the other haplotypes from southeastern and southern Brazil, which is congruent with the phylogenetic structure inferred from the concatenated molecular data (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Evolutionary relationships between Tapinoma atriceps and Tapinoma breviscapum A bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction based on concatenated sequences of four molecular markers (COI, LWRh, WG, and EPIC). The scale bar represents substitutions per site and the number next to nodes the posterior probability B haplotype network including several populations of T. atriceps and a single sample of T. breviscapum (H 08). Every circle represents a different haplotype, the color corresponds to the geographical distribution, and the number between brackets corresponds to the number of mismatches between haplotypes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534737" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">8A</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</document> |