133 lines
14 KiB
XML
133 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="A07904E07705EB208DF776CAD8BD7367" ID-ISSN="11755334" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629784348598" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Namayandeh, Armin, Bilyj, Bohdan, Beresford, David V., Somers, Keith M. & Dillon, Peter J." docDate="2012" docId="03FED906FFC13843FF0EC293FED0FCAF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03324p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3324" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paraphaenocladius exagitans" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFC7A17EFFE23860FF99C204FFC4FFFF" masterDocTitle="3324" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1699111555428" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EB8245E2B70BD506EBC175648392A5B6">3324</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B8BE35456A0EB377047B1F404F7658F">Namayandeh, Armin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C6FCCDF3A56EEF01E7F7E40E7D164884">Bilyj, Bohdan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD22A5AF930CDB89A9E33402D2E73CA4">Beresford, David V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72960C4A31FF479203E878F28C5B84C1">Somers, Keith M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C7CD5A21FA4E1D188FD837AF6093172A">Dillon, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FC9FDBEB611D81D965A4BAA06F1B3D53">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C788A4BE609203EF8036DC0734C72E8A">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="60CF1978454970F0AA83C2A29C26F492">2012-05-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6F64AC05F087DD721D23E5CED1CCCC58">3324</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="85355DE3242AE4E44FFB488AD63C9BD6" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FED906FFC13843FF0EC293FED0FCAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5253215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5253215" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FED906FFC13843FF0EC293FED0FCAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FED906FFC13843FF0EC293FED0FCAF" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C34D3B9BFFC13843FF0EC293FD58FF4E" box="[151,668,151,177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE86810FFC13843FF0EC293FD58FF4E" blockId="35.[151,668,151,210]" box="[151,668,151,177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0A0DF7CFFC13843FF0EC293FD58FF4E" bold="true" box="[151,668,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C571393FFC13843FF0EC293FD58FF4E" ID-CoL="4D7TC" authority="(Johannsen)" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,668,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exagitans">
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<emphasis id="B923B402FFC13843FF0EC293FD58FF4E" bold="true" box="[151,668,151,177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B923B402FFC13843FF0EC293FE38FF4E" bold="true" box="[151,508,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paraphaenocladius exagitans</emphasis>
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(Johannsen)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D3B9BFFC13843FF0EC2BEFED9FF2D" box="[151,285,186,210]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE86810FFC13843FF0EC2BEFED9FF2D" blockId="35.[151,668,151,210]" box="[151,285,186,210]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<figureCitation id="136C7495FFC13843FF0EC2BEFED9FF2D" box="[151,285,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1710,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,892,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-328@35.[188,1398,892,1706]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphaenocladius exagitans (Johannsen), larva (A–E). A—labrum, arrow pointing to SI seta; B—antenna; C—mandible; D—mentum showing dorsolateral extension (dorsomental plate), SSm seta indicated; E—posterior end of abdomen." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 28A–E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D3B9BFFC13843FF0EC306FE9CFD82" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE86810FFC13843FF0EC306FC51FDEC" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,848]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B923B402FFC13843FF0EC306FED5FEE4" bold="true" box="[151,273,258,283]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Head including posterior margin yellowish brown; distal end of premandible, mandible and mentum dark brown. Labrum as in
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<figureCitation id="136C7495FFC13843FE59C322FDE2FEC1" box="[448,550,294,318]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1710,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,892,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-328@35.[188,1398,892,1706]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphaenocladius exagitans (Johannsen), larva (A–E). A—labrum, arrow pointing to SI seta; B—antenna; C—mandible; D—mentum showing dorsolateral extension (dorsomental plate), SSm seta indicated; E—posterior end of abdomen." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
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; SI seta plumose; premandible with two apical teeth plus one short inner tooth; antenna (
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<figureCitation id="136C7495FFC13843FF67C34FFEA7FE9C" box="[254,355,331,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1710,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,892,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-328@35.[188,1398,892,1706]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphaenocladius exagitans (Johannsen), larva (A–E). A—labrum, arrow pointing to SI seta; B—antenna; C—mandible; D—mentum showing dorsolateral extension (dorsomental plate), SSm seta indicated; E—posterior end of abdomen." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
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) 5-segmented, 3
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<superScript id="7C22C558FFC13843FDB9C34CFDE9FEA9" attach="left" box="[544,557,328,342]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">rd</superScript>
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segment shorter than 4
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<superScript id="7C22C558FFC13843FCAFC34CFC86FEA9" attach="none" box="[822,834,328,342]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">th</superScript>
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, large LO enveloping 3
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<superScript id="7C22C558FFC13843FBC8C34CFB9AFEA9" attach="left" box="[1105,1118,328,342]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">rd</superScript>
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segment, AR 0.5; mandible (
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<figureCitation id="136C7495FFC13843FF06C36BFEC3FE78" box="[159,263,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1710,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,892,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-328@35.[188,1398,892,1706]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphaenocladius exagitans (Johannsen), larva (A–E). A—labrum, arrow pointing to SI seta; B—antenna; C—mandible; D—mentum showing dorsolateral extension (dorsomental plate), SSm seta indicated; E—posterior end of abdomen." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
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) with 4 inner teeth, apical tooth as long as combined first two inner teeth; mentum (
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<figureCitation id="136C7495FFC13843FB77C36BFA9CFE78" box="[1262,1368,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1710,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,892,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-328@35.[188,1398,892,1706]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphaenocladius exagitans (Johannsen), larva (A–E). A—labrum, arrow pointing to SI seta; B—antenna; C—mandible; D—mentum showing dorsolateral extension (dorsomental plate), SSm seta indicated; E—posterior end of abdomen." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 28D</figureCitation>
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) with divided broad median tooth and 5 lateral teeth, outer margin extended posterolaterally as a dorsal plate; VM plates with a convoluted posterior extension; setae submenti placed anteriorly between the VM plates; postmental distance 94 µm; posterior end of abdomen as in
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<figureCitation id="136C7495FFC13843FD05C3DCFCC5FE0F" box="[668,769,472,496]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1710,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,892,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-328@35.[188,1398,892,1706]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphaenocladius exagitans (Johannsen), larva (A–E). A—labrum, arrow pointing to SI seta; B—antenna; C—mandible; D—mentum showing dorsolateral extension (dorsomental plate), SSm seta indicated; E—posterior end of abdomen." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
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; procercus with 3 short apical setae; anal tubules elongate, with three constrictions, about twice the length of posterior parapod.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE86810FFC13843FF5EC01BFE9CFD82" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,848]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B923B402FFC13843FF5EC01BFED5FDC8" bold="true" box="[199,273,543,567]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">Notes.</emphasis>
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The genus has been revised by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC615E1FFC13843FD1CC01BFC66FDC8" author="Saether, O. A. & Wang, X." box="[645,930,543,567]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref28017" refString="Saether, O. A. & Wang, X. (1995) Revision of the genus Paraphaenocladius Thienemann, 1924 of the world (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Entomologica scandinavica supplement, 48, 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1995">Saether and Wang (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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in which they list three subspecies under
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<taxonomicName id="4C571393FFC13843FA1EC024FEC6FDA5" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exagitans">
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<emphasis id="B923B402FFC13843FA1EC024FEC6FDA5" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P. exagitans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The larva, collected in this study, probably belongs to the nominate species based on distribution that includes
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<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFC13843FF62C061FE90FD82" box="[251,340,613,637]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ontario</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D3B9BFFC13843FF5EC08DFED0FCAF" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE86810FFC13843FF5EC08DFC53FD3C" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,848]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B923B402FFC13843FF5EC08DFE02FD5E" bold="true" box="[199,454,648,673]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">Ecology and habitat.</emphasis>
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Larvae occur mainly in semi-aquatic habitats, mainly in moss or moist soils of the stream banks and may also occur in springs, (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC615E1FFC13843FD0AC0AFFC4FFD3C" author="Saether, O. A. & Wang, X." box="[659,907,683,708]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref28017" refString="Saether, O. A. & Wang, X. (1995) Revision of the genus Paraphaenocladius Thienemann, 1924 of the world (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Entomologica scandinavica supplement, 48, 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1995">Saether & Wang 1995</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE86810FFC13843FF5EC0CAFD70FD18" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,848]" box="[199,692,718,743]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B923B402FFC13843FF5EC0CAFEBEFD18" bold="true" box="[199,378,718,743]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">Sampling sites.</emphasis>
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Algonquin Provincial Park.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE86810FFC13843FF5EC0F5FED0FCAF" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,848]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B923B402FFC13843FF5EC0F5FE0DFCF5" bold="true" box="[199,457,753,778]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">Nearctic distribution.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B3F624DFFC13843FE4BC0F6FED4FCAF" country="Canada" location="Ontario" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ontario">
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<collectingCountry id="F3402880FFC13843FE4BC0F6FDEEFCF5" box="[466,554,754,778]" name="Canada" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Canada</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFC13843FDAFC0F6FD4BFCF5" box="[566,655,754,778]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ontario</collectingRegion>
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. USA: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Illinois, New York, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Wisconsin
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |