576 lines
76 KiB
XML
576 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="85ABFCBDE51B25AE51F9EC2613A390BF" ID-CLB-Dataset="55812" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5129.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8ed59ae-958b-4979-9843-299d524c4a7a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6488262" ID-ZooBank="3FF266F0-BEDB-46AA-8E5D-AEA3434BA75E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1650960444504" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saigusa, Toyohei" docDate="2022" docId="03FDAA58FF87402AFF302718FA3CDD2B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5129.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5129 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Empis (Sphenempis) Saigusa 2022, subgen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="FFC4D220FF864029FFA7255FFFA1DE38" masterDocTitle="Sphenempis, a new Empis subgenus (Diptera, Empididae) from the Eastern Palaearctic Region" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1699329216215" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0E4012D5251E01C7CB0F6D99EBA8C9C2">
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<mods:title id="8DB6E9CC302B271830F0CCCFD3590201">Sphenempis, a new Empis subgenus (Diptera, Empididae) from the Eastern Palaearctic Region</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4F80B47836E265957C292BA0C8BA8E10" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3A99A38E0F3B16DAAF0C341255619EDA">Saigusa, Toyohei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="83FD96850E510961199EA071ECF28958">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="85C9D6AD7A0854569C5BA6CA8CA10E08">
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<mods:date id="CC840098F985E21C3415C325A06F1878">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="641A3FAEAFAC66F1B1F922AA82709C59">2022-04-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E3615E5273CDA050E523572DBE44DF1D">5129</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="00E21ED5679988028DBECF2BFD98B849" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5129.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FDAA58FF87402AFF302718FA3CDD2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6502499" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194854846" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6502499" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FDAA58FF87402AFF302718FA3CDD2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FDAA58FF87402AFF302718FA3CDD2B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection id="C34E48C5FF874028FF302718FD92DC59" box="[151,563,582,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF874028FF302718FD92DC59" blockId="1.[151,563,582,609]" box="[151,563,582,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="D0A3AC22FF874028FF302718FD92DC59" bold="true" box="[151,563,582,609]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FF302718FD92DC59" bold="true" box="[151,563,582,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF874028FF302718FE33DC58" authority="Saigusa, 2022" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,402,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Sphenempis">
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FF302718FF45DC59" bold="true" box="[151,228,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Empis</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FF522719FE29DC59" bold="true" box="[245,392,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Sphenempis</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF874028FE3E2718FD92DC59" box="[409,563,583,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E48C5FF874028FF3027D3FC9CDC9B" box="[151,829,651,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF874028FF3027D3FC9CDC9B" blockId="1.[151,829,651,676]" box="[151,829,651,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<typeStatus id="54EFA5ECFF874028FF3027D3FF68DC9C" box="[151,201,652,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF874028FE8127D3FD30DC9B" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[294,657,651,675]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloriventris" subGenus="Sphenempis">
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FE8127D3FEC4DC9B" box="[294,357,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Empis</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FED327D4FE4CDC9B" box="[372,493,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Sphenempis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FE5B27D4FD30DC9B" box="[508,657,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">bicoloriventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Saigusa
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FD4A27D4FC9CDC9B" bold="true" box="[749,829,651,675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF874028FD4A27D4FC9CDC9B" box="[749,829,651,675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E48C5FF874028FF302790FDE1DD33" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF874028FF302790FDE1DD33" blockId="1.[151,1437,719,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FF302790FEBFDCD1" bold="true" box="[151,286,719,745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The subgeneric name is from the Greek,
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FD522790FCEEDCD1" box="[757,847,719,745]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">sphenos</emphasis>
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(wedge) +
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<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF874028FC752790FBB9DCD0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[978,1048,719,744]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FC752790FBB9DCD0" box="[978,1048,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Empis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on the wedge-shaped wing with strongly obtuse axillary incision.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E48C5FF874028FF60264BFEDFDDAE" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF874028FF60264BFEDFDDAE" blockId="1.[151,1437,719,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FF60264BFEE3DD16" bold="true" box="[199,322,788,814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A specialized monophyletic group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF874028FD51264AFC9DDD16" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[758,828,789,814]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FD51264AFC9DDD16" box="[758,828,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Empis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with slender body and legs, cuneate wings with very obtuse axillary incision and narrow axillary lobe, no acrostichal setae, strong but short ventral setae (spines) on apical part of four posterior femora, and male terminalia with pair of palm-shaped surstylus-like process from the bacilliform sclerites.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E48C5FF87402BFF6026C1FF57DC59" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF874028FF6026C1FB7FDBDB" blockId="1.[151,1437,719,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B920C75CFF874028FF6026C1FE3BDD81" bold="true" box="[199,410,926,953]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Description. Male</emphasis>
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. Head (
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<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF874028FE4926C0FDE5DD81" box="[494,580,927,953]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[225,1363,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima.A, head, lateral aspect; B, antenna; C, labium, lateral aspect; D, ditto, ventral aspect; E, labellum, lateral aspect; F, apex of labrum, anterior aspect; G, maxillary palpus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, C. D), 0.2 mm (B, G), 0.1 mm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488270/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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) spherical, slightly higher than long, occipital area somewhat swollen. Ocellar tubercle prominent, with pair of long setae. Occiput with postocular row of setae almost ending ventrally at middle of occiput with setae longer on vertex; short row of occipital setae at middle; a few fine short setulae near oral margin. Compound eyes almost continuous on dorsal half of frons, hardly separated from each other by diameter of upper facet, with facets almost same in size or slightly larger on upper part. Frons gradually and slightly widened towards antennal sockets on ventral half, bearing row of minute setulae. Face short, narrow, 1/2 as long as frons, 1/5 as wide as head, without setae. Antenna (
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<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF874028FDFC2130FD11DAB1" box="[603,688,1135,1161]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[225,1363,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima.A, head, lateral aspect; B, antenna; C, labium, lateral aspect; D, ditto, ventral aspect; E, labellum, lateral aspect; F, apex of labrum, anterior aspect; G, maxillary palpus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, C. D), 0.2 mm (B, G), 0.1 mm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488270/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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) inserted slightly below middle of anterior margin of head in lateral aspect, long, slender, slightly shorter than head; scape cylindrical, twice as long as thick, with subapical circlet of setulae; pedicel subspherical, narrowed basally, with circlet of setulae; postpedicel (3rd antennal segment) elongate, 1.7 times as long as combined length of basal segments, 4.5 times as long as subbasal thickness, slender, slightly thicker on basal 1/4, tapered to apex, with short (1/4 as long as postpedicel), fine stylus. Proboscis long, slender; labrum (
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<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF874028FF512043FED2DB0F" box="[246,371,1308,1335]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[225,1363,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima.A, head, lateral aspect; B, antenna; C, labium, lateral aspect; D, ditto, ventral aspect; E, labellum, lateral aspect; F, apex of labrum, anterior aspect; G, maxillary palpus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, C. D), 0.2 mm (B, G), 0.1 mm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488270/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Figs 2A, F</figureCitation>
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) slender, 1.2–1.4 times as long as head height; prementum (
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<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF874028FBBA2043FB3DDB0F" box="[1053,1180,1308,1335]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[225,1363,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima.A, head, lateral aspect; B, antenna; C, labium, lateral aspect; D, ditto, ventral aspect; E, labellum, lateral aspect; F, apex of labrum, anterior aspect; G, maxillary palpus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, C. D), 0.2 mm (B, G), 0.1 mm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488270/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Figs 2C, D</figureCitation>
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) elongate, slender, 0.8 times as long as labrum, 8 times as long as wide, with short setulae mostly on lateral margins; labellum (
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<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF874028FA992060FA35DB61" box="[1342,1428,1343,1369]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[225,1363,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima.A, head, lateral aspect; B, antenna; C, labium, lateral aspect; D, ditto, ventral aspect; E, labellum, lateral aspect; F, apex of labrum, anterior aspect; G, maxillary palpus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, C. D), 0.2 mm (B, G), 0.1 mm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488270/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
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) pad-like but rather narrow, 3 times as long as wide in lateral aspect, slightly longer than 1/3 length of prementum and 1/3 as long as labrum, with several moderately long setulae, with shorter ones at tip of pseudotracheal branches; pseudotrachea without posterior trunk, anterior trunk obliquely emitting ca 20 simple branches. Palpus (
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<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF874028FA9C20F8FA35DBF9" box="[1339,1428,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[225,1363,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima.A, head, lateral aspect; B, antenna; C, labium, lateral aspect; D, ditto, ventral aspect; E, labellum, lateral aspect; F, apex of labrum, anterior aspect; G, maxillary palpus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, C. D), 0.2 mm (B, G), 0.1 mm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488270/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
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) small, short cylindrical, 1/4 as long as head, with longish apical setula and several shorter setulae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF874028FF6020B3FCFFD8C1" blockId="1.[151,1437,719,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Thorax extensively densely pollinose. Most of thoracic setae black, some setae pale; proepisternal and laterotergal setae black or white. Antepronotum with 1–3 pairs of setae; postpronotum with 1 seta and a few setulae; proepisternum with a few fine setulae, prosternum bare; 1–2 intrahumeral, 1–2 notopleurals, 0–1 supra-alar, 1 postalar, these setae often accompanying a few fine setulae; no acrostichals, several uniserial dorsocentrals; 1 (rarely 2) pair of scutellars; laterotergal brush of several (ca 10) setae. Legs: femora, tibiae and tarsi long, very slender, mostly short setose; mid and hind femora with several anteroventral, sometimes posteroventral short spines towards tip; hind tibia with a few dorsal setae longer than thickness of tibia; tarsi as thick as tibia or slightly slenderer, sparsely short setose and setulose; hind metatarsus not swollen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF874028FF60225EFE3DD9D3" blockId="1.[151,1437,719,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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Wing (
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<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF874028FEB3225EFEFBD923" box="[276,346,1793,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1114,1138]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,309,1083]" captionTargetId="figure-73@6.[156,1431,309,1091]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wings of Empis species. A, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima; B, Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male; C, Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., paratype male; D, Empis (Lissempis) nigritarsis, female; E, Empis sp. close to E. kasparyani, male from Kagoshima, Kyushu; F, Empis leptogastra Loew, male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488272/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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A-C) narrow. Axillary incision very obtuse, about 130°, alula undeveloped, axillary lobe weakly developed, very narrow; discal cell rather short, about half as long as vein M
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<subScript id="17D0190BFF874028FC5A2269FBA4D97C" attach="left" box="[1021,1029,1846,1860]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">1</subScript>
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or slightly shorter, apically more or less acute, crossvein m-m nearly as long as middle section of M
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<subScript id="17D0190BFF874028FCD72206FCD9D95F" attach="left" box="[880,888,1881,1895]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">4</subScript>
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; angle of fork of veins R
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<subScript id="17D0190BFF874028FB3E2206FB00D95F" attach="left" box="[1177,1185,1881,1895]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">4</subScript>
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and R
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<subScript id="17D0190BFF874028FB4A2206FB54D95F" attach="left" box="[1261,1269,1881,1895]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">5</subScript>
|
||
about 60–80°, former as long as or slightly shorter than half length of latter; R
|
||
<subScript id="17D0190BFF874028FCFA2223FCC4D9B2" attach="left" box="[861,869,1916,1930]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">5</subScript>
|
||
almost parallel with vein M
|
||
<subScript id="17D0190BFF874028FB052223FB0BD9B2" attach="left" box="[1186,1194,1916,1930]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">1</subScript>
|
||
; all veins from discal cell strong to wing margin; vein CuA+CuP (so-called anal vein) strong and ending at wing margin, but slightly weaker towards margin; cell cua very narrow. Halter black, or white or darkened on apical part of knob; shaft of halter moderately long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF84402BFF6025C8FB3CDEED" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Abdomen slender, polished, short setose; abdominal tergum 1 thinly pollinose, sternum 1 bare; all terga and sterna simple, without deformations; abdominal segment 8 nearly half as long as segment 7.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF84402BFF602580FB5ADF95" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Male terminalia: Cercus small, rectangular, simple, weakly sclerotized, projecting dorsally, pilose and bearing many longish setae on dorsal margin; epandrial lamella rectangular with short finger-like process at dorsodistal corner; palm-shaped surstylus-like process arising from apex of bacilliform sclerite, basal margin close to but separated from dorsal margin of epandrial lamella by narrow membranous slit; basiphallic sclerite (= transgonocoxal bridge of lower Brachycera) moderately large and flat; hypandrium slender, U-shaped, neither divided ventromedially nor produced posteriorly; phallus moderately long and slender, tapering apically, evenly, weakly curved.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF84402BFF6024E8FD47DFCD" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF6024E8FEBFDFE9" bold="true" box="[199,286,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF84402BFE9624E8FE2DDFE9" box="[305,396,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[157,1417,181,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[155,1433,181,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Empis (Sphenempis) species. A, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., holotype male; B, ditto, anterodorsal aspect; C, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype female; D, Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male; E, Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., holotype male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to male. Frons wider, as wide as ocellar tubercle. Abdomen tapered to tip with slender cerci nearly as long as abdominal segment 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF84402BFF6024A0FF57DC59" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF6024A0FE38DC20" bold="true" box="[199,409,510,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Included species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFE0024A0FC41DC21" authority="Shamshev, 1998" authorityName="Shamshev" authorityYear="1998" box="[423,992,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE0024A0FE4CDC20" box="[423,493,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Empis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFDA324A0FD2BDC21" box="[516,650,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFD0624A0FCB2DC20" box="[673,787,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC566BFFF84402BFC8524A0FC41DC21" author="Shamshev, I. V." box="[802,992,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="187 - 190" refId="ref6859" refString="Shamshev, I. V. (1998) Two new species of the Empis subgenus Lissempis Bezzi (Diptera: Empididae) from the Russian Far East. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 19 (3), 187 - 190." type="journal article" year="1998">Shamshev, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990D5ACFF84402BFB9624A0FB6ADC21" box="[1073,1227,511,537]" country="Russia" name="Amur" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Amur region</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFB7924A0FE9DDC05" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloriventris" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFB7924A0FB57DC20" box="[1246,1270,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFAAA24A0FA32DC21" box="[1293,1427,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF30277CFE9DDC05" box="[151,316,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">bicoloriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Saigusa
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE02277CFDA0DC05" bold="true" box="[421,513,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF84402BFE02277CFDA0DC05" box="[421,513,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from the Ryukyus and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFCB5277CFB8FDC05" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[786,1070,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oshimai" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFCB5277CFC8ADC04" box="[786,811,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFC9A277CFC62DC05" box="[829,963,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFC72277CFB8FDC05" box="[981,1070,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">oshimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Saigusa
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFB30277CFB52DC05" bold="true" box="[1175,1267,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF84402BFB30277CFB52DC05" box="[1175,1267,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from southern Kyushu.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E48C5FF84402BFF602735FB6BDCC9" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF84402BFF602735FB6BDCC9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF602735FEC0DCBC" bold="true" box="[199,353,618,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFECC2734FE50DCBD" authority="Saigusa, 2022" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[363,497,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFECC2734FE50DCBD" box="[363,497,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE5B2734FD32DCBD" bold="true" box="[508,659,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF84402BFE5B2734FD32DCBD" box="[508,659,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is currently known from the Russian Far East and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3435BDEFF84402BFB562734FA90DCBD" box="[1265,1329,619,645]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Kyushu and Ryukyus) and also collected in Honshu (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3435BDEFF84402BFD3127D0FD78DC91" box="[662,729,655,681]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3435BDEFF84402BFCBD27D0FCDFDC91" box="[794,894,655,681]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(C. Daugeron, pers. comm.). It is also likely to be found at least in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3435BDEFF84402BFEDE27ECFE6FDCF5" box="[377,462,691,717]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFE5D27ECFCC1DCF5" authority="Saigusa, 2022" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[506,864,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloriventris" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE5D27ECFDAADCF4" box="[506,523,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFD8327ECFD0BDCF5" box="[548,682,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFD1C27ECFCC1DCF5" box="[699,864,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">bicoloriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFCCF27ECFC62DCF5" bold="true" box="[872,963,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF84402BFCCF27ECFC62DCF5" box="[872,963,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in the southernmost islands of the Ryukyus close to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3435BDEFF84402BFEFA2788FE12DCC9" box="[349,435,727,753]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The subgenus will also likely be found in temperate regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3435BDEFF84402BFB272788FB66DCC9" box="[1152,1223,727,753]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E48C5FF84402AFF6027A4FB81DF79" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF84402BFF6027A4FC6EDDB9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF6027A4FE9ADD2D" bold="true" box="[199,315,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFEE427A4FE68DD2D" authority="Saigusa, 2022" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[323,457,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFEE427A4FE68DD2D" box="[323,457,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE7727A4FDC5DD2D" bold="true" box="[464,612,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF84402BFE7727A4FDC5DD2D" box="[464,612,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shares the obtuse axillary incision of wing with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFB2E27A4FB56DD2C" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1909" box="[1161,1271,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lissempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFB2E27A4FB56DD2C" box="[1161,1271,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Lissempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the main resemblance between them is confined only to this character state, and they are abundantly different from each other. The proximally narrowed, cuneiform wing in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFCA4261CFCDDDD65" box="[771,892,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Empididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely found in weak flyers, and undoubtedly has evolved independently many times in different lineages of the family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF84402BFF6026D5FB28DB09" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF6026D5FD5CDD9D" bold="true" box="[199,765,906,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Differences from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EFA5ECFF84402BFE6D26D4FE5CDD9D" box="[458,509,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFD2426D4FD54DD9D" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1909" box="[643,757,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lissempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFD2426D4FD54DD9D" bold="true" box="[643,757,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Lissempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFCA026D4FC2CDD9D" authority="Saigusa, 2022" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[775,909,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFCA026D4FC2CDD9D" box="[775,909,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFC3126D4FB8ADD9D" bold="true" box="[918,1067,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF84402BFC3126D4FB8ADD9D" box="[918,1067,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EFA5ECFF84402BFB5626D4FA80DD9D" box="[1265,1313,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFF3026F0FEA4DDF0" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,261,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lissempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF3026F0FEA4DDF0" box="[151,261,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Lissempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFEB326F0FD92DDF1" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[276,563,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFEB326F0FE77DDF0" box="[276,470,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Empis nigritarsis</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF84402BFDE526F0FD38DDF1" box="[578,665,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1114,1138]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,309,1083]" captionTargetId="figure-73@6.[156,1431,309,1091]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wings of Empis species. A, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima; B, Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male; C, Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., paratype male; D, Empis (Lissempis) nigritarsis, female; E, Empis sp. close to E. kasparyani, male from Kagoshima, Kyushu; F, Empis leptogastra Loew, male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488272/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) from Europe, in the following characters, most of which are treated as important in the subgeneric classification of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFC85268CFCC9DDD4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[802,872,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFC85268CFCC9DDD4" box="[802,872,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Empis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1) the labrum is longer than head height (shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFF1026A8FEEFDA28" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[183,334,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF1026A8FF69DA28" box="[183,200,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF7E26A8FEEFDA28" box="[217,334,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">nigritarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 2) maxillary palpus is short cylindrical (moderately long and cylindrical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFB7426A8FACBDA28" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[1235,1386,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFB7426A8FB45DA28" box="[1235,1252,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFB5226A8FACBDA28" box="[1269,1386,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">nigritarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 3) acrostichal setae absent (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFD8D2144FD1EDA0C" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[554,703,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFD8D2144FD9ADA0C" box="[554,571,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFDED2144FD1EDA0C" box="[586,703,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">nigritarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 4) vein CuA+CuP fairly strong (much weakened on apical 1/2 except for extreme tip in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFE0C2160FD9FDA60" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[427,574,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE0C2160FE1DDA60" box="[427,444,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE6E2160FD9FDA60" box="[457,574,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">nigritarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF84402BFDEC2160FD02DA61" box="[587,675,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1114,1138]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,309,1083]" captionTargetId="figure-73@6.[156,1431,309,1091]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wings of Empis species. A, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima; B, Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male; C, Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., paratype male; D, Empis (Lissempis) nigritarsis, female; E, Empis sp. close to E. kasparyani, male from Kagoshima, Kyushu; F, Empis leptogastra Loew, male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488272/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
)); 5) legs with several strong anteroventral and posteroventral spines on femora (only short setose in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFE5A213CFD30DA44" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[509,657,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE5A213CFDAFDA44" box="[509,526,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFDBB213CFD30DA44" box="[540,657,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">nigritarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 6) male terminalia with pair of well-developed palm-like processes arising from the bacilliform sclerite and small simple cercus (surstylus-like sclerite absent and cercus fairly well developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFE9E21F4FE73DAFC" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[313,466,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE9E21F4FEEBDAFC" box="[313,330,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFEFA21F4FE73DAFC" box="[349,466,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">nigritarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 7) hypandrium reduced to a slender, U-shaped sclerite (large, triangular sclerite projecting ventrodistally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFE722190FDCADAD0" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[469,619,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE722190FE47DAD0" box="[469,486,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE512190FDCADAD0" box="[502,619,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">nigritarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The apomorphic resemblance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFBE22190FB7ADAD0" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[1093,1243,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFBE22190FBF7DAD0" box="[1093,1110,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFBC12190FB7ADAD0" box="[1126,1243,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">nigritarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFAB12190FA3DDAD1" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[1302,1436,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFAB12190FA3DDAD1" box="[1302,1436,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found only in the cuneate wing shape. Thus, the above-mentioned differences indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFB0821ACFAE5DB34" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[1199,1348,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFB0821ACFB61DB34" box="[1199,1216,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFB6821ACFAE5DB34" box="[1231,1348,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">nigritarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFEA12048FE2DDB09" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[262,396,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFEA12048FE2DDB09" box="[262,396,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be included in a monophyletic subgenus in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFB9B2048FB23DB08" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1084,1154,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFB9B2048FB23DB08" box="[1084,1154,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Empis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF84402BFF602065FB82D8A1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF602065FD7ADB6D" bold="true" box="[199,731,1338,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Differences from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFDC62064FD72DB6D" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1909" box="[609,723,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lissempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFDC62064FD72DB6D" bold="true" box="[609,723,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Lissempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In addition to
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFC2C2064FB86DB6C" box="[907,1063,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFC2C2064FB82DB6C" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[907,1059,1339,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">E. nigritarsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
several species mostly from the Mediterranean district are assigned to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFD462000FCEEDB40" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1909" box="[737,847,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lissempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFD462000FCEEDB40" box="[737,847,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Lissempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC566BFFF84402BFCF82000FC52DB41" author="Chvala, M." box="[863,1011,1375,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="605 - 611" refId="ref6386" refString="Chvala, M. (2002) Two new Empis subgenus Lissempis species (Diptera, Empididae) from the Mediterranean. Studia dipterologica, 9, 605 - 611." type="journal article" year="2002">Chvála 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC566BFFF84402BFC582000FA8ADB41" author="Shamshev, I. & Kustov, S." box="[1023,1323,1375,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="74 - 78" refId="ref7007" refString="Shamshev, I. & Kustov, S. (2013) Two new species of the Empis subgenus Lissempis (Diptera: Empididae) from Caucasus. Zootaxa, 3637 (1), 74 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3637.1.8" type="journal article" year="2013">Shamshev & Kustov 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC566BFFF84402BFA902000FEB3DBA5" author="Kazerani, F. & Khaghaninia, S. & Talebi, A. A. & Shamshev, I." pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="185 - 193" refId="ref6707" refString="Kazerani, F., Khaghaninia, S., Talebi, A. A. & Shamshev, I. (2014) New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi. Zootaxa, 3884 (2), 185 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3884.2.7" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Kazerani
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF3020DCFF69DBA5" box="[151,200,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These species are different from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EFA5ECFF84402BFD1020DCFD46DBA5" box="[695,743,1411,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFCEB20DCFC60DBA4" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[844,961,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFCEB20DCFC60DBA4" box="[844,961,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">nigritarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in some characters, viz. above-mentioned character 7, but they distinctly differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFD2220F8FCAADBF9" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[645,779,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFD2220F8FCAADBF9" box="[645,779,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the above characters 3, 4, 5 and 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFB6B20F8FE08DBDD" authority="Chvala, 2002" authorityName="Chvala" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvitibia" subGenus="Lissempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFB6B20F8FAB3DBF8" box="[1228,1298,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Empis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFA8320F8FA33DBF8" box="[1316,1426,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Lissempis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF302094FEA5DBDD" box="[151,260,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">curvitibia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC566BFFF84402BFEA82094FE08DBDD" author="Chvala, M." box="[271,425,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="605 - 611" refId="ref6386" refString="Chvala, M. (2002) Two new Empis subgenus Lissempis species (Diptera, Empididae) from the Mediterranean. Studia dipterologica, 9, 605 - 611." type="journal article" year="2002">Chvála, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks acrostichal setae, but the reduction of these setae is quite different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFF3020B0FEBCD831" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,285,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF3020B0FEBCD831" box="[151,285,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFEEB20B0FE7BD831" authorityName="Chvala" authorityYear="2002" box="[332,474,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvitibia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFEEB20B0FE7BD831" box="[332,474,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E. curvitibia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the absence of acrostichal setae is a result of the extensive loss of mesoscutal setae including not only the acrostichals but also dorsocentral setae, and only fine hairs are present around the postpronotum and notopleural area in the mesoscutum. The absence of acrostichals in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFC0F2368FB8FD869" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[936,1070,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFC0F2368FB8FD869" box="[936,1070,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was attained independently from other scutal setae including well-developed dorsocentral setae. Based on this evidence, the absence of acrostichals in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFF132320FE9BD8A1" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[180,314,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF132320FE9BD8A1" box="[180,314,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has undoubtedly evolved independently from that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFC372320FBBCD8A1" authorityName="Chvala" authorityYear="2002" box="[912,1053,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvitibia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFC372320FBBCD8A1" box="[912,1053,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E. curvitibia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF84402BFF6023FCFC69D911" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF6023FCFDF8D885" bold="true" box="[199,601,1698,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">The monophyly of the subgenus</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFDC123FDFC95D885" authority=": The" authorityName="The" box="[614,820,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFDC123FDFD5AD885" bold="true" box="[614,763,1698,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFDC123FDFD53D885" bold="true" box="[614,754,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
monophyly is supported by the combination of the following apomorphies: absence of acrostichals, abbreviated maxillary palpus, cuneate wing, palm-like process in the male genitalia, spine-like ventral setae on the femora, and slender body. The complete vein CuA+CuP is one of the plesiomorphic characters discriminating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFD2E2250FCAED911" box="[649,783,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFD2E2250FCAED911" box="[649,783,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFCF42250FC60D910" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1909" box="[851,961,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lissempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFCF42250FC60D910" box="[851,961,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Lissempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF84402AFF60226CFB81DF79" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF60226CFD2CD975" bold="true" box="[199,653,1842,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFF60226CFEC9D974" box="[199,360,1842,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF60226CFEB1D975" bold="true" box="[199,272,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Empis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFE5F226DFD25D975" box="[504,644,1842,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE5F226DFD25D975" bold="true" box="[504,644,1842,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In addition to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFC89226CFC3DD974" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1909" box="[814,924,1843,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lissempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFC89226CFC3DD974" box="[814,924,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Lissempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there are at least two monophyletic groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFF302208FF7CD948" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,221,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFF302208FF7CD948" box="[151,221,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Empis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFEC22208FE4AD949" authority="Saigusa, 2022" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[357,491,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFEC22208FE4AD949" box="[357,491,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE562208FD22D949" bold="true" box="[497,643,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF84402BFE562208FD22D949" box="[497,643,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
on the basis of the obtuse axillary incision of the wings and the absence of acrostichal setae. One group consists of species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3435BDEFF84402BFD582224FC9ED9AD" box="[767,831,1915,1941]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and North America (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFBFB2224FA3DD9AD" authority="Shamshev" authorityName="Shamshev" authorityYear="1998" box="[1116,1436,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kasparyani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFBFB2224FA82D9AD" box="[1116,1315,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Empis kasparyani</emphasis>
|
||
Shamshev
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF84402BFF0722C0FF52D981" box="[160,243,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1114,1138]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,309,1083]" captionTargetId="figure-73@6.[156,1431,309,1091]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wings of Empis species. A, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima; B, Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male; C, Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., paratype male; D, Empis (Lissempis) nigritarsis, female; E, Empis sp. close to E. kasparyani, male from Kagoshima, Kyushu; F, Empis leptogastra Loew, male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488272/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
) from Kuril Islands,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFE7C22C0FCA8D981" authority="Ouellet" authorityName="Ouellet" authorityYear="1942" box="[475,777,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latrappensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFE7C22C0FD10D981" box="[475,689,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Empis latrappensis</emphasis>
|
||
Ouellet
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern North America) and of unnamed species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3435BDEFF84402BFF30229CFF7CD9E5" box="[151,221,1987,2013]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Amur and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3435BDEFF84402BFEC7229CFE17D9E5" box="[352,438,1987,2013]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The other group consists of species from the Nearctic Region (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF84402BFB20229CFA3DD9E5" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1863" box="[1159,1436,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptogastra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF84402BFB20229CFAF4D9E5" box="[1159,1365,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Empis leptogastra</emphasis>
|
||
Loew
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF85402AFF0725C8FF52DE89" box="[160,243,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1114,1138]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,309,1083]" captionTargetId="figure-73@6.[156,1431,309,1091]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wings of Empis species. A, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima; B, Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male; C, Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., paratype male; D, Empis (Lissempis) nigritarsis, female; E, Empis sp. close to E. kasparyani, male from Kagoshima, Kyushu; F, Empis leptogastra Loew, male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488272/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and its allies). These groups have basally cuneate wings and ventrally spinose mid and hind femora as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF85402AFF3025E4FEBCDEED" authority="Saigusa, 2022" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,285,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFF3025E4FEBCDEED" box="[151,285,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFE8325E4FE19DEED" bold="true" box="[292,440,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF85402AFE8325E4FE19DEED" box="[292,440,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but are considerably different from the latter in several other diagnostic characters. The first group is more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF85402AFDE52580FD69DEC1" authority="Saigusa, 2022" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[578,712,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFDE52580FD69DEC1" box="[578,712,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFD762580FCC7DEC1" bold="true" box="[721,870,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF85402AFD762580FCC7DEC1" box="[721,870,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and may be included in it by future works based on more extensive phylogenetic analysis researching together with the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF85402AFBE0245CFA92DF25" authority="Bezzi" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1909" box="[1095,1331,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Anacrostichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFBE0245CFB47DF25" box="[1095,1254,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Anacrostichus</emphasis>
|
||
Bezzi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that has ventrally spinous femora but no acrostichal setae in some of its included species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E48C5FF85402AFF3024CCFCBBDF95" box="[151,794,402,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF85402AFF3024CCFCBBDF95" blockId="3.[151,794,402,429]" box="[151,794,402,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<heading id="D0A3AC22FF85402AFF3024CCFCBBDF95" bold="true" box="[151,794,402,429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFF3024CCFCBBDF95" bold="true" box="[151,794,402,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Key to males of species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF85402AFD2024CDFCBBDF95" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[647,794,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sphenempis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFD2024CDFCBBDF95" bold="true" box="[647,794,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Sphenempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E48C5FF85402AFF302487FA3CDD2B" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="key">
|
||
<keyStep id="30A003EBFF85402AFF302487FA3DDC1F" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF85402AFF302487FA3DDFD5" blockId="3.[151,1437,472,787]" box="[151,1436,472,494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A5B87BFF85402AFF302487FA3DDFD5" box="[151,1436,472,494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
1 Abdomen almost uniformly polished blackish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF85402AFD4D2487FCF7DFD5" box="[746,854,472,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[157,1417,181,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[155,1433,181,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Empis (Sphenempis) species. A, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., holotype male; B, ditto, anterodorsal aspect; C, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype female; D, Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male; E, Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., holotype male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Figs 1D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); halter and laterotergal setae black.................. 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF85402AFF3024AAFA3DDC1F" blockId="3.[151,1437,472,787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A5B87BFF85402AFF3024AAFA3DDC1F" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
- Abdomen bicolored, yellowish white on anterior half and blackish brown on posterior half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF85402AFBC024AAFB77DC32" box="[1127,1238,501,523]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[157,1417,181,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[155,1433,181,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Empis (Sphenempis) species. A, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., holotype male; B, ditto, anterodorsal aspect; C, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype female; D, Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male; E, Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., holotype male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); halter white, often darkened on apical half of knob; laterotergal setae pale...................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF85402AFB05274CFAE8DC1F" ID-CoL="9J2NN" authority="Saigusa, 2022" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[1186,1353,530,552]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloriventris" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFB05274CFB10DC10" box="[1186,1201,531,552]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFB1B274DFAE8DC1F" box="[1212,1353,530,551]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">bicoloriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFAF7274DFA3DDC1F" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,530,551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF85402AFAF7274DFA3DDC1F" box="[1360,1436,530,551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A003EBFF85402AFF30276FFA3CDD2B" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF85402AFF30276FFA3DDCA5" blockId="3.[151,1437,472,787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A5B87BFF85402AFF30276FFA3DDCA5" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
2 Hind femur long and slender, slightly more than 12 times as long as thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF85402AFC10276FFBA4DC7E" box="[951,1029,560,582]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[221,1364,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[219,1369,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., male.A, B, E. holotype; C, D, F, G–I, paratype.A, hind femur, anterior aspect; B, hind tibia, anterior aspect; C, mid femur, anterior aspect; D, mid tibia, anterior aspect; E, distal part of hind femur, anterior aspect; F, distal part of mid femur, anterior aspect; G, terminalia, lateral aspect; H, ditto, dorsal aspect; I, ditto, dorsolateral aspect. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.2 mm (G), 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488278/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
); mid and hind femora with weak anterior preapical bristle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF85402AFE202712FE4CDC5A" box="[391,493,589,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[221,1364,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[219,1369,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., male.A, B, E. holotype; C, D, F, G–I, paratype.A, hind femur, anterior aspect; B, hind tibia, anterior aspect; C, mid femur, anterior aspect; D, mid tibia, anterior aspect; E, distal part of hind femur, anterior aspect; F, distal part of mid femur, anterior aspect; G, terminalia, lateral aspect; H, ditto, dorsal aspect; I, ditto, dorsolateral aspect. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.2 mm (G), 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488278/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Figs 6E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); mesoscutum dark greyish brown pollinose when viewed from above; axillary lobe of wing wider, widest before middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF85402AFE1D2735FDA4DCB8" box="[442,517,618,640]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1114,1138]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,309,1083]" captionTargetId="figure-73@6.[156,1431,309,1091]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wings of Empis species. A, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima; B, Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male; C, Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., paratype male; D, Empis (Lissempis) nigritarsis, female; E, Empis sp. close to E. kasparyani, male from Kagoshima, Kyushu; F, Empis leptogastra Loew, male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488272/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
); distal process of palm-like process of genitalia shorter, slightly longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF85402AFA822735FA29DCB8" box="[1317,1416,618,640]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[221,1364,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[219,1369,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., male.A, B, E. holotype; C, D, F, G–I, paratype.A, hind femur, anterior aspect; B, hind tibia, anterior aspect; C, mid femur, anterior aspect; D, mid tibia, anterior aspect; E, distal part of hind femur, anterior aspect; F, distal part of mid femur, anterior aspect; G, terminalia, lateral aspect; H, ditto, dorsal aspect; I, ditto, dorsolateral aspect. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.2 mm (G), 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488278/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Figs 6H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
)....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF85402AFB4427D7FAEBDCA5" ID-CoL="9J2NQ" authority="Saigusa, 2022" authorityName="Saigusa" authorityYear="2022" box="[1251,1354,648,669]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oshimai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFB4427D7FB53DCA5" box="[1251,1266,648,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFB5927D7FAEBDCA5" box="[1278,1354,648,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">oshimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFAF727D7FA3DDCA5" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,648,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2137A27FF85402AFAF727D7FA3DDCA5" box="[1360,1436,648,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB1B4EFF85402AFF3027FAFA3CDD2B" blockId="3.[151,1437,472,787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A5B87BFF85402AFF3027FAFA3CDD2B" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
- Hind femur shorter and thicker, 10 times as long as thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF85402AFCB627FAFCFFDC83" box="[785,862,677,699]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,181,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[208,1380,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male. A, hind femur, anterior aspect; B, hind tibia, anterior aspect; C, mid femur, anterior aspect; D, mid tibia, anterior aspect; E, distal part of hind femur, anterior aspect; F, distal part of mid femur, anterior aspect; G, terminalia, lateral aspect; H, ditto, dorsal aspect; I, ditto, dorsolateral aspect. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.2 mm (G), 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488276/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); mid and hind femora with strong anterior preapical bristle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF85402AFF4E279DFEF0DCE0" box="[233,337,706,728]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,181,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[208,1380,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male. A, hind femur, anterior aspect; B, hind tibia, anterior aspect; C, mid femur, anterior aspect; D, mid tibia, anterior aspect; E, distal part of hind femur, anterior aspect; F, distal part of mid femur, anterior aspect; G, terminalia, lateral aspect; H, ditto, dorsal aspect; I, ditto, dorsolateral aspect. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.2 mm (G), 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488276/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Figs 5E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); mesoscutum deep blackish brown pollinose when viewed from above; axillary lobe of wing narrower, widest at middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF85402AFE9527BFFEDCDCCE" box="[306,381,736,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1114,1138]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,309,1083]" captionTargetId="figure-73@6.[156,1431,309,1091]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wings of Empis species. A, Empis (Sphenempis) bicoloriventris sp. nov., paratype male from Okinawa-jima; B, Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male; C, Empis (Sphenempis) oshimai sp. nov., paratype male; D, Empis (Lissempis) nigritarsis, female; E, Empis sp. close to E. kasparyani, male from Kagoshima, Kyushu; F, Empis leptogastra Loew, male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488272/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
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); distal process of palm-like process of genitalia longer, almost three times as long as wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F07CBFF85402AFB5527BFFAF4DCCD" box="[1266,1365,735,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,181,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[208,1380,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Empis (Sphenempis) amurensis, male. A, hind femur, anterior aspect; B, hind tibia, anterior aspect; C, mid femur, anterior aspect; D, mid tibia, anterior aspect; E, distal part of hind femur, anterior aspect; F, distal part of mid femur, anterior aspect; G, terminalia, lateral aspect; H, ditto, dorsal aspect; I, ditto, dorsolateral aspect. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.2 mm (G), 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6488276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6488276/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Figs 5H, I</figureCitation>
|
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).....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5460CDFF85402AFB1027A1FA3CDD2B" ID-CoL="8BZKM" authority="Shamshev" authorityName="Shamshev" authorityYear="1998" box="[1207,1437,765,787]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFB1027A1FB67DD2B" box="[1207,1222,766,787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C75CFF85402AFB7527A1FA95DD2B" box="[1234,1332,766,787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
Shamshev
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |